Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6)

Developing a Utah Rare Plant List

by Walter Fertig, UNPS Rare Plant Committee November 2009 Vol. 32, No. 6

In this issue: Developing a Utah Rare Plant list 1 Chapter News ...... 2 UNPS Contributes to White Dome Preserve ...... 3 The UNPS Rare Plant Ranking System ...... 6 2009 Utah Native Plant Society Rare Plants of Utah List I. Extremely High Priority . . . 8 II. High Priority ...... 10 III. Watch ...... 12 IV. Need Data ...... 15 USFWS Updating Utah‘s Endan- gered and Candidate Lists . . . . 18

Left: Charleston Mountain violet (Viola purpureus var. charlestonensis or V. charlestonensis) can be easily recognized by its yellow flowers and gray-pubescent foliage. This Carmel Formation endemic of southern Utah and southern Nevada is on the UNPS Watch list. Photo from Zion National Park by W. Fertig.

While they often do not get the same attention or notoriety, plants can be just as endangered or threatened with extinction as animal species. With a few notable exceptions, conservationists have traditionally been more concerned with the plight of rare game animals, showy birds, and edible fish than with less charismatic vertebrates, inverte- brates, or plants. This bias was reflected in early efforts to protect endangered species. The first national law, passed in 1966, only addressed vertebrates and was little more than an effort to compile a list of vulnerable species. It pro- vided little in the way of habitat protection or penalties. The law was amended in 1969, but it remained until 1973 before an Endangered Species Act was passed that had real teeth. The 1973 act was also the first to extend endangered species protection to plants and invertebrates deemed worthy of listing by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Specifically, the new law protected listed species from direct harm, preserved critical habitat, and required development projects on public lands and using federal funds to con- sider the potential impacts on these species during the planning process. This landmark piece [continued on page 4]

Copyright 2009 Utah Native Plant Society. All Rights Reserved. Utah Native Plant Society

Education: Ty Harrison Sego Lily Editor: Walter Fertig Horticulture: Maggie Wolf ([email protected]). The deadline for Invasive Weeds: Susan Fitts the January 2010 Sego Lily is 15 Dec- Rare Plants: Walter Fertig ember 2009. Scholarship: Bill Gray Copyright 2009 Utah Native Plant Chapters and Chapter Presidents Society. All Rights Reserved Cache: Amy Croft and Michael Piep Cedar City: Marguerite Smith The Sego Lily is a publication of the Officers Escalante: Harriet Priska Utah Native Plant Society, a 501(c)(3) President: Bill King (Salt Lake Co) Fremont: Maria Ulloa not-for-profit organization dedicated Vice President: Walter Fertig (Kane Co) Manzanita: Walter Fertig to conserving and promoting steward- Treasurer: Charlene Homan (Salt Lake Mountain: Mindy Wheeler ship of our native plants. Use of con- Co) Price: Mike Hubbard tent material is encouraged but re- Secretary: Mindy Wheeler (Summit Salt Lake: Marni Ambrose quires permission (except where ex- Co) Southwestern/Bearclaw poppy: Mar- empted by statute) and must be cor- Board Chair: Dave Wallace (Cache Co) garet Malm rectly credited and cited. Articles, Utah Valley: Celeste Kennard photographs and illustrations submit- UNPS Board: Loreen Allphin (Utah ted to us remain the property of the Co), Robert Fitts (Utah Co), Susan Fitts Website: For late-breaking news, the submitting individuals or organiza- (Utah Co), Ty Harrison (Salt Lake Co), UNPS store, the Sego Lily archives, tions. Submit permission requests to Celeste Kennard (Utah Co), Kipp Lee Chapter events, links to other websites [email protected]. We encourage read- (Salt Lake Co), Margaret Malm (including sources of native plants and ers to submit articles for potential (Washington Co), Larry Meyer (Salt the digital Utah Rare Plant Field publication. By submitting an article, Lake Co), Therese Meyer (Salt Lake Co), Guide), and more, go to unps.org. an implicit license is granted to print Leila Shultz (Cache Co), Maggie Wolf Many thanks to Xmission for the article in the newsletter or other (Salt Lake Co). sponsoring our website. UNPS publications for reprint without For more information on UNPS: permission (in print and electronic Committees Contact Bill King (582-0432) or Susan media). When submitting an article, Communications: Larry Meyer Fitts (801-756-6177), or write to please indicate whether it has been Conservation: Bill King and Tony UNPS, PO Box 520041, Salt Lake City, previously published or submitted for Frates UT, 84152-0041 or email consideration to other publications. [email protected]

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Chapter News Sheet or Lasagna Composting Sheet composting is an ancient tech- Cedar City: Gayle Horn, CCNP nique that has many practical appli- treasurer and local bee expert, will cations today. It is a cold compost- discuss ―Why pollinators are impor- ing method that is an excellent way tant‖ as well as how to attract them, to convert grass to vegetable beds, how to collect honey, and African- create new or enlarge perennial bor- ized bees (are they a threat?) at our ders, improve soil and soil structure, October meeting, Wednesday eve- and recycle organic material at ning, October 21st at the Commu- home. As with all compost, sheet nity Presbyterian Church at 7 PM. - composting needs carbon, nitrogen, Alice Maas oxygen, and water in proper propor- tions to break down the organic ma- Escalante: Upcoming meetings terials into a good growing medium. include: Tuesday, November 10th- To build any good compost you ―History of the Colorado Plateau— need to plan ahead. Sheet compost- Vegetation and Environment‖ by ing is best started several months Eric Feiler, 7PM Interagency Office. before you want to use the planting Tuseday, December 8th—Christmas area. Fall is an excellent time to finger food pot luck party at the Wednesday, January 13th, 2010— sheet compost as the material Priska‘s new home on the corner of ‖Growing Edible and Medicinal breaks down slowly over the winter 200 West and 200 South, 6-8 PM. Natives‖ by Deborah McLaughlin, and is ready for planting in the Bring food bank donations if you 7 PM at the Interagency Office. spring. But a bed may be started wish. There will be a plant-related The following is a ‗recipe‘ for any time materials are available. The gift exchange if you would like to lasagna composting I found on the basic technique involves placing al- participate. Please contact Harriet if internet that might be helpful to ternate layers of carbon materials you can help set up or provide gardeners: and nitrogen materials directly onto drinks. the soil. Layers should be fairly 2 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6)

Above: White Dome, on the Utah- Arizona state line south of St. George, is UNPS Contributes to White Dome Preserve a block of SITLA land being sold to The Nature Conservancy to protect the en- Thanks in part to contributions from UNPS members and sponsors, the dangered Dwarf bearclaw poppy, Society finished in the black after hosting the fifth Southwest Rare Plant Siler’s pincushion cactus, and many Conference in March 2009. The UNPS Board voted in September to donate other rare Mohave Desert plant and half of this extra money to The Nature Conservancy‘s Utah Field Office to animal species. The plant in the fore- help them purchase the final 470 acres of the White Dome Preserve south ground is the pale blue-flowered phase of St. George. When completed, the White Dome Preserve will protect criti- of Delphinium scaposum var. scaposum. Photo by Tony Frates. cal habitat for one of Utah‘s rarest plant species, the Dwarf bearclaw poppy (Arctomecon humilis), Siler‘s pincushion cactus (Pediocactus sileri) and over a dozen other rare and unusual plant and animal species restricted to equal to allow for even decomposi- the Mohave Desert. Elaine York of The Nature Conservancy thanked UNPS tion. One inch is recommended, for the gift of $2000, which will help TNC match other donations. As re- although deeper layers can be used. ported in the September issue of the Sego Lily, more funds are still needed For more information, go to http:// to make the project a reality. If you wish to help, contact TNC‘s Heidi Mos- extension.oregonstate.edu/lane/ burg at [email protected] or (801) 531-0999. sites/default/files/documents/ Lasagna pdf - Harriet Priska

Manzanita (Kane County): Our In November, I will be speak- going (―just a few more should be October meeting featured paleo- ing about the Deer Creek bio- fine‖). Species we collected include: botanist Dr. Ian Miller of the Denver blitz project conducted by The Frasera speciosa, Penstemon sub- Museum of Nature and Science. Dr. Nature Conservancy outside of glaber, Elymus elymoides, Bal- Miller‘s team has spent the past two Boulder, Utah in July 2007 and samorhiza macrophylla, Castilleja summers excavating late Cretaceous May 2008. The bio-blitz was a chromosa, and Tetradymia canes- age floodplain deposits of the Kai- 48 hour effort by a team of wild- cens. Let‘s hope for a successful parowits Formation in the Grand life biologists, entomologists, propagation! - Mindy Wheeler Staircase-Escalante National Monu- botanists, and ecologists to re- ment between Henrieville and Esca- cord as many species of animals Southwestern: The chapter held a lante. So far Miller has identified and plants as possible from the ―Landscaping and Water Conserva- fossil leaf impressions of at least 86 study area (a tributary of the tion‖ hands-on presentation by Tim species of flowering dicots, aquatic Escalante River). The meeting McAlmond (from Shadow Farm Na- monocots, gymnosperms, and fern will be held on Tuesday, Novem- tive Plant Nursery) on October 5th. allies from the strata. Based on ber 10 at 7 PM in the Grand Our field trip to Ali‘s Organics in La morphological characteristics of the Staircase visitor center.— Walter Verkin on October 21st was a huge leaves and other physical evidence, Fertig success. Ali has created a small Miller believes the vegetation of the farm within the town and showed us area was a subtropical swamp and Mountain (Summit County): how she set up a small greenhouse had a climate similar to the Gulf On September 5, about 10 mem- and several cold frames. Her enthu- Coast of North America today. The bers of the chapter went out to a siasm was reflected in our desires to site will likely have one of the most property just east of Park City find ways to successfully propagate. species-rich floras of any late Creta- and collected native seed for a - Barbara Farnsworth ceous site in western North America native plant propagation work- when their study is complete. shop in the spring. Most every- one got a bit of that ‘seed greed‘

3 Utah Native Plant Society

Developing a Utah Rare Plant List [continued from page 1] Left: Ostler’s pepperwort for state and federal rare species (Lepidium ostleri) is endemic lists. to the San Francisco Moun- Amazingly, the Smithsonian In- tains of Beaver County. This stitution met its congressional dead- low-growing mustard was line in January 1975 and compiled a first collected by Kent Ostler in 1978 while conducting a thorough list of 761 endangered, rare plant survey and named 1238 threatened, and 100 extinct as a new species in his honor plant species in the continental by Stan Welsh and Sherel United States (another 1088 endan- Goodrich two years later. L. gered, threatened, and extinct plants ostleri is one of 10 Utah plant were reported for Hawaii). All told, species currently being re- 2099 plant taxa were cited as being viewed for possible candidate vulnerable in the continental US, status under the ESA (see representing just over 10% of the story on page 18) and is ranked as a “high priority” total flora. Of these, 194 species for conservation attention by were from Utah, including 56 listed UNPS. Illustration by Kaye as endangered, 133 threatened, and Thorne. 5 extinct* (Ayensu and dePhillips 1978). of legislation was passed by wide, The challenge to develop a list Prompted by the Smithsonian bipartisan majorities in the house of endangered plants for the report, Stan Welsh and Duane At- and senate and signed by President United States was especially wood of Brigham Young University Nixon. In the ensuing 36 years the daunting in the early 1970s due to and James Reveal of the University act has helped prevent the extinc- a lack of basic information. Prior of Maryland took a more in-depth tion of hundreds of plant and animal to passage of the ESA, the topic of look at the status of rare plants in species. Mechanisms in the act have rarity in plants was mostly limited the state and published the first allowed most conflicting develop- to phytogeographers debating Utah-specific rare plant list in 1975. ment projects to proceed with modi- theoretical matters of species se- Welsh and colleagues analyzed the fications to protect impacted spe- nescence and centers of origin and status of 382 of the state‘s rare and cies, though the law remains contro- a few taxonomists interested in endemic species and found that 66 versial among those opposed to any finding and describing novel spe- were possibly endangered, 198 such government interference. cies. Surprisingly little field work threatened, and 27 were probably Extending endangered species had been done on many of the rar- extinct range-wide or within Utah protection to plants was a remark- est species. (Welsh et al. 1975). Welsh revised able legal precedent in that plants One of the most important out- this list in 1978, drawing on new had traditionally been viewed as comes of the Endangered Species herbarium and field research to sug- private property rather than a public Act was to motivate and provide gest changes in the status of over 50 resource (as wild, free-roaming ani- funding opportunities for the most species (Welsh 1978). mals have historically been). None- intensive period of botanical field The US Fish and Wildlife Service theless, protections for plants re- work in the history of North Amer- proposed nearly 1700 of the plants main less stringent than those for ica (even surpassing the original identified in the Smithsonian report animals on private lands. ESA pro- phase of scientific exploration of for listing as endangered or threat- tection for plants is mostly limited the 19th Century). Ron Hartman ened in June 1976. The first four to illegal harvest or harm on federal and Ernie Nelson recently re- plant species, all endemics of Cali- lands, or if federal funds are in- ported that nearly 1200 new vas- fornia‘s Channel Islands, were offi- volved. cular plant species had been de- cially listed the following year. Fewer than 200 species were on scribed in North America from the endangered and threatened spe- 1975-1994, or an average of 60 *Of the extinct species, Astragalus desereti- cies list in 1973, none of which were new species per year. In Utah cus, Ranunculus acriformis var. aestivalis, plants. To amend this situation, alone, Stan Welsh, Duane Atwood, and Penstemon scariosus var. garrettii were Congress directed the Secretary of Sherel Goodrich, Larry Higgins, subsequently rediscovered. Taxonomic ques- the Smithsonian Institution to de- Noel and Pat Holmgren, Rupert tions continue to surround Astragalus len- tiginosus var. ursinus, which has either not velop a list of vascular plants that Barneby, and a host of others have been relocated in Utah since Palmer‘s 1877 might warrant listing. Unfortu- described over 250 new plant spe- type collection, or is equivalent to what is nately for the Secretary, a well- cies since the early 1970s. Not now called var. mokiacensis and is extant in respected ornithologist named S. surprisingly, most of the newly the state. Only Cuscuta warneri remains missing from the Utah flora, though it appar- Dillon Ripley, he was given only one discovered taxa have restricted ently persists in New Mexico. year to do so, and essentially no ranges and small populations, funding. making them potential candidates 4 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6)

Amendments to the ESA in 1978 Utah‘s Endangered and Over the next several years, at least changed the listing process, and the Threatened Plants 11 of the recommended critically mass proposal of 1700 species was endangered and endangered plants withdrawn. Under the new rules, from the 1980 document would be- species would go through a more The following 25 Utah plant species come listed under the ESA. formal process in which they were are listed under the Endangered Spe- UNPS and the Endangered Plants cies Act as of October, 2009. Nomen- first nominated as candidates before clature follows A Utah Flora (2008) Committee would continue to spon- being carefully scrutinized as to sor annual meetings to revise the whether listing was appropriate. Arctomecon humilis (Dwarf bearclaw society‘s rare plant list over the next Those that passed muster would poppy) Endangered decade. Updated lists were pub- then be proposed for listing in the Asclepias welshii (Welsh‘s milkweed) lished in the Great Basin Naturalist Federal Register. After a public re- Threatened (Welsh and Chatterley 1985) or the view process, proposed species Astragalus ampullarioides (Shivwits Sego Lily. Rare plant meetings were would then either be listed as threat- milkvetch) Endangered also a catalyst for developing the ened or endangered or dropped Astragalus desereticus (Deseret milk- Utah Endangered, Threatened, and vetch) Threatened from consideration. Astragalus holmgrenii (Holmgren‘s Sensitive Plant Field Guide (the Of the nearly 200 Utah plants milkvetch) Endangered ―blue book‖), generating new collec- initially considered for listing, two Astragalus montii (Heliotrope milk- tions in remote areas for the state‘s were officially designated in 1978: vetch) Threatened herbaria, creating sensitive species Rydberg milkvetch (Astragalus Carex specuicola (Navajo sedge) lists for federal land management perianus) as threatened and Clay Threatened (recently verified for agencies, and getting location data phacelia (Phacelia argillacea) as SE Utah by sedge expert Anton into the new Utah Natural Heritage endangered. These were followed by Reznicek of the Univ. of Michigan) Program‘s databases. By the mid six additional species in 1979. From Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii 1990s rare plant conservation efforts (Jones‘ cycladenia) Threatened this original group of eight, three Erigeron maguirei (Maguire‘s daisy) in Utah were well established, but would eventually be dropped from Threatened, proposed for de-listing UNPS was no longer taking a lead- the endangered species list following Lepidium barnebyanum (Barneby‘s ing role. subsequent surveys that found them pepperwort) Endangered The last major effort to summa- much more abundant and less Pediocactus despainii (Despain‘s pin- rize and prioritize Utah‘s rare plant threatened than initially thought (as cushion cactus) Endangered species was conducted by Doug in the case of Rydberg milkvetch), or Pediocactus sileri (Siler‘s pincushion Stone and Ben Franklin of the natu- because of changes in taxonomic cactus) Threatened ral heritage program (now called the concepts (Purple hedgehog cactus, Pediocactus winkleri (Winkler‘s pin- Utah Conservation Data Center or cusion cactus) Threatened Echinocereus engelmannii var. pur- Phacelia argillacea (Clay phacelia) UT-CDC) in the late 1990s. This pureus and Spineless hedgehog cac- Endangered effort culminated in the publication tus, E. triglochidiatus var. inermis). Physaria rubicundula var. tumulosa of a 600+ page overview of the The Utah Native Plant Society (Lesquerella tumulosa, Koda- state‘s endemic and rare plants, pre- was founded in November 1978, in chrome bladderpod) Endangered pared for the Utah Reclamation part to bring together professional Primula maguirei (Maguire‘s prim- Mitigation and Conservation Com- and amateur botanists concerned rose) Threatened mission and the US Department of over the plight of the state‘s indige- Ranunculus acris var. aestivalis (R. Interior in 1998. The authors ana- nous rare flora. As one of the fledg- aestivalis, Autumn buttercup) En- lyzed the status of 1643 Utah plant dangered ling Society‘s first projects, Stan Schoenocrambe argillacea (Clay taxa (nearly 50% of the state‘s native Welsh and other members of the reed-mustard) Threatened flora). Species were divided into original UNPS Endangered Plants Schoenocrambe barnebyi (Barneby‘s seven main groups depending on Committee developed a revised list reed-mustard) Endangered their degree of rarity, threat, geo- of rare plants of Utah that was pub- Schoenocrambe suffrutescens graphic distribution within the state, lished in the January 1980 issue of (Shrubby reed-mustard) Endan data needs, and taxonomic uncer- the Society‘s newsletter (the precur- gered tainty. This report is still available sor of the Sego Lily). The commit- Sclerocactus whipplei var. glaucus on-line through the UT-CDC and tee identified 14 species as ―critically (S. wetlandicus, Ouray hookless remains a valuable reference and cactus) Threatened endangered‖, 31 as ―endangered‖, Sclerocactus whipplei var. ilseae summary. and 68 as ―threatened‖*. The list (S. brevispinus, Pariette hookless But after 10 years, the UT-CDC was presented to the US Fish and cactus) Threatened work is overdue for revision. New Wildlife Service as supporting docu- Sclerocactus wrightiae (Wright‘s and on-going monitoring, field sur- mentation for potential listings. fish-hook cactus) Endangered veys, floristic inventories, and taxo- Spiranthes romanzoffiana var. dilu- nomic studies continue to refine our vialis (S. diluvialis, Ute ladies‘- knowledge of the status of rare and *Critically endangered species were differen- tresses) endemic plant species of Utah. tiated from plain endangered based on their Townsendia aprica (Last Chance Many species once considered high heightened threat from over-collection. townsendia) Threatened

5 Utah Native Plant Society priorities for listing under the ESA The UNPS Rare Plant Ranking System have now been shown to be more abundant or less threatened than The goal of the UNPS rare plant across western North America [covering once thought. A number of new spe- ranking system is to assess the rarity > 250,000 square km] and across Utah, and conservation needs of all native occupying well over 5% of state‘s area) = cies have been named or discovered vascular plant taxa (including full spe- 0 pts in the state in the past decade (at cies and varieties) in Utah. The scoring 2. Number of Populations: Low (<25 least 60 just in the last 6 years) that protocol is designed to be objective, populations) = 1 pt might warrant special attention. transparent, and repeatable. Ideally, High (>25 populations) = 0 pts In 2007 the UNPS state board the system will help prioritize those spe- 3. Abundance in Utah: Low (de- voted to re-establish the rare plant cies in the greatest need of conservation pends on life history of species, but typi- committee and charged the group attention and identify species with sig- cally <30,000 individuals for a peren- with developing an updated state nificant data gaps that are a priority for nial [allow larger numbers for annuals] rare plant list. The committee con- additional field surveys, research, or or covering an area of <3000 acres) = 1 monitoring. pt sisted of Ben Franklin and Robert Ranking Methods: All native vascu- High = 0 pts Fitts from the Utah Conservation lar plant species from Utah (based on 4. Habitat Specificity: High (re- Data Center, Duane Atwood of Brig- the 2008 edition of A Utah Flora, the stricted to 1-few specialized geologic ham Young University, and Rita Intermountain Flora, Flora of North substrates, soil types, or vegetation Dodge of Red Butte Garden. I was America, and other pertinent literature) types, a specialist) = 1 pt tabbed to chair the committee. were assessed using 7 criteria: Low (occurs in numerous geologic Based on a ranking system devel- 1. Utah‘s Contribution to Global substrates, soil types, or vegetation oped as part of my doctoral thesis at Range (local endemic, regional endemic, types, a generalist) = 0 pts the University of Wyoming, (see disjunct, peripheral, sparse, wide- 5. Intrinsic Rarity: High (unusual life spread) history, dependence on rare or special- sidebar at right), we divided the 2. Number of Populations in Utah ized pollinators, poor dispersal, low state‘s native flora into seven groups 3. Abundance in Utah (number of fecundity, poor seedling survival, etc) = according to their conservation pri- individuals) 1 pt ority and data needs (extremely 4. Habitat Specificity (edaphic en- Low = 0 pts high, high, medium, and low priori- demics or restricted to particular vege- 6. Threats: High (threats significant ties, watch, need data, and status tation types) or broad in scale and scope) = 1 pt uncertain). 5. Intrinsic Rarity (such as unusual Low (threats minor, or limited to The scoring system and draft lists life history, dependence on rare or spe- small percentage of populations) = 0 pts of extremely high and high priority cialized pollinators, poor dispersal, low 7. Population Trend: Decreasing = 1 fecundity, or poor seedling survival) pt and watch species were presented at 6. Magnitude of Threats (significance Increasing, stable, or oscillating a break-out session during the 5th and scale of threats to population sur- around a stable mean = 0 pts. Southwestern Rare Plant Confer- vival) Uncertainty: if scores cannot be read- ence at the University of Utah in 7. Population Trend (are long term ily assigned due to lack of adequate March, 2009. Based on oral and trends increasing, stable, decreasing, or data, each criterion should be ranked written comments by over 40 atten- oscillating around a stable mean?). ―unknown‖. dees, the draft lists were revised Each criterion is scored as follows Comments: Each assessor of a species with new data and a number of spe- based on the best available data or per- should add brief comments to explain cies were shifted from one category sonal knowledge/experience: how they derived particular values for 1. Utah‘s Contribution to Global selected criteria. These should include to another. Abridged versions of the Range: Local endemic (global range is the assessor‘s name and the date the final extremely high and high prior- an area of less than 16,500 square km, species was scored. ity, watch, and need data lists are or 1 degree of latitude x 2 degrees of Scoring: The numeric scores as- presented on pages 8-17. A longitude) = 2 pts signed for the 7 criteria for each species downloadable MS excel version will Regional endemic (global range is an are summed to derive a minimum score be posted on the UNPS website area between 16,500-250,000 square (scores can range from 0-8). A second, (www.unps.org) with the lists in km, or about the size of the state of potential score is calculated by adding their entirety. Wyoming) = 1 pt any criteria ranked as unknown and Using this ranking system, the Disjunct (distribution in Utah is iso- giving each a score of 1. lated from the main, contiguous portion Prioritization scale: The rarity and UNPS rare plant committee identi- of a species‘ range by a gap of more than conservation needs of species can be fied 31 Utah species that are an ex- 800 km or 500 miles) = 1 pt summarized and compared using the tremely high priority for conserva- Peripheral (distribution in Utah is at following scale, based on the final mini- tion attention. These species are all the margin of the species‘ main, contigu- mum score or the average of the mini- local endemics with specialized ous range and occupies less than 5% of mum and maximum score (rounded habitat requirements and few popu- the state‘s area – usually along a state down): lations. Occurrences of most of boundary) = 1 pt Extremely High: summary score of 7- these species contain few individuals Sparse (distribution in Utah is patchy 8 points and are either highly threatened or and discontinuous, but not restricted to High: summary score of 6 points less than 5% of the state‘s area or along Watch: summary score of 5 points have downward population trends. the state boundary, species otherwise Medium: summary score of 4 points Half of these species are presently widespread) = 1 pt Low: summary score of 0-3 points. listed as threatened or endangered Widespread (species occurs widely Need Data: For species with 3 or more ―unknown‖ values 6 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6)

Distribution of UNPS Rare Plant Species Statewide and by County rare plant taxa in Utah, followed by Kane, Garfield, and San Juan coun- Table includes just those species on the UNPS Extremely High and High ties. Uintah County, with its con- Priority lists and Watch list. centration of Uinta Basin endemics County Extremely High Prior- Watch List Need Data Total and high threats from on-going min- High Prior- ity List eral exploration and development, ity List has the highest number of rare Statewide 31 114 262 102 509 plants of any county in northern Beaver 0 8 13 6 27 Utah. Surprisingly few rare plant Box Elder 1 1 9 4 15 species occur in the Salt Lake City Cache 0 1 7 2 10 area, though this may be an artifact Carbon 1 1 8 5 15 of under-sampling or reflect signifi- Daggett 1 2 12 3 18 Davis 0 0 2 1 3 cant habitat losses over the last 150 Duchesne 5 13 27 8 53 years of settlement. Emery 5 8 23 16 52 The UNPS rare plant list pre- Garfield 1 18 46 18 83 sented here is just the latest in a Grand 1 11 24 15 51 long line stretching back to the mid Iron 0 5 16 5 26 1970s and the early days of the En- Juab 1 6 11 7 25 dangered Species Act. The list will Kane 3 26 47 8 84 already be out of date when the ink Millard 0 6 20 15 41 is dry, and it will need to be updated Morgan 0 0 2 0 2 Piute 0 9 12 3 24 annually to reflect new field discov- Rich 0 1 4 4 9 eries, taxonomic insights, and the Salt Lake 0 5 10 1 16 realities of an ever-changing natural San Juan 1 12 37 13 63 and human environment. Hopefully Sanpete 2 7 11 4 24 agency botanists, land managers, Sevier 3 13 17 6 39 researchers, consultants, and inter- Summit 0 0 5 2 7 ested amateurs will find the list and Tooele 1 3 11 2 17 the scoring system useful and will be Uintah 7 13 34 9 63 willing to share data and recommen- Utah 1 7 13 11 32 Wasatch 0 3 8 3 14 dations with the UNPS rare plant Washington 6 17 77 15 115 committee and the state natural Wayne 6 12 9 12 39 heritage program to continually Weber 0 2 6 2 10 make improvements. References in Utah by the US Fish and Wildlife and reassess their status periodi- Atwood, D., J. Holland. R. Bolander, B. Service. cally. We recognize 262 species in Franklin, D.E. House, L. Armstrong, K. Thorne, and L. England. 1991. Utah Threat- Another 114 species in Utah are the watch list category. ened, Endangered, and Sensitive Plant Field considered a high priority for con- Perhaps the most important, Guide. US Forest Service Intermountain servation. Most of these plants are but often neglected, group of Region, National Park Service, Bureau of local or regional endemics with few plants are those in need of more Land Management, Utah Natural Heritage Program, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Envi- populations, low numbers of indi- data. We identify 102 Utah species ronmental Protection Agency, Navajo Nation, viduals, and high habitat specificity. that would benefit from additional and Skull Valley Goshute Tribe. They usually differ from the species surveys or taxonomic studies to Ayensu, E.S. and R.A. DeFilipps. 1978. on the extremely high priority list in resolve their conservation status. Endangered and Threatened Plants of the United States. Smithsonian Institution and having fewer or less imminent Most of the species in this category World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC. 403 threats or stable population trends. have only recently been named or pp. The UNPS Watch list is com- newly documented in the state. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 1998. prised of plant species that have lim- Research will likely show that Inventory of sensitive species and ecosys- tems in Utah. Endemic and rare plants of ited geographic ranges and special- many of these plants should ulti- Utah: an overview of their distribution and ized habitat requirements, but mately be assigned a higher prior- status. Report prepared for Utah Reclama- which are either locally abundant or ity. tion Mitigation and Conservation Commis- apparently secure at present. If cur- The number of rare species in sion and US Department of Interior. 566 pp. + app. rent conditions were to change sig- Utah is definitely skewed towards Welsh, S.L. 1978. Endangered and threat- nificantly, however, population the southern portion of the state, ened plants of Utah: a reevaluation. Great numbers of these species could eas- particularly the Mojave desert, Basin Naturalist 38:1-18. ily trend downward and they would Colorado Plateau, and south- Welsh, S.L. and L.M. Chatterley. 1985. Utah‘s rare plants revisited. Great Basin become species of greater concern. central high plateaus. With 115 Naturalist 45:173-236. While they are in less need of direct rare species (or nearly 20% of the Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, and J.L. Reveal. human intervention, land managers state total), Washington County 1975. Endangered, threatened, extinct, en- should be aware of watch list species has the highest concentration of demic, and rare or restricted Utah vascular plants. Great Basin Naturalist 35:327-376. 7 Utah Native Plant Society 2009 Utah Native Plant Society Rare Plants of Utah List I. Extremely High Priority List

The following table lists 31 species considered extremely high priorities for conservation attention in Utah based on the UNPS ranking system. Species are listed alphabetically by family and scientific name. See page 6 for an explanation of the 7 ranking cri- teria and how each is weighted as well as the derivation of minimum and potential scores. Brief comments are included as appro- priate. County distribution and US Fish and Wildlife Service listing status (Endangered, Threatened, or Candidate) are included

after the common name. For the full scoring table, consult the excel spreadsheet posted on the UNPS website (www.unps.org).

Species Comments

Pot Min

Hab

Spec

Score Score

Trend

Rarity

Range

# Pops Threat Intrins Intrins Agavaceae Indiv # Yucca sterilis (Y. harrimaniae var. 2 1 Unk 1 1 1 Unk 6 8 Uinta Basin endemic, sterilis, Creeping yucca) Duch?, Uint never found in fruit

Asteraceae (Compositae) Townsendia aprica (Last Chance town- 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 7 Vulnerable to trampling, sendia) Emer, Sevi, Wayn, USFWS: T trend downward in recent years from drought Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Lepidium barnebyanum (Barneby‘s 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 Unk 6 8 Intrinsic rarity perhaps pepperwort) Duch, USFWS: E higher, low recruitment Schoenocrambe argillacea (Clay reed- 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 Unk 6 8 Info needed on trends mustard) Uint, USFWS: T Schoenocrambe barnebyi (Barneby‘s 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 Unk 6 8 Info needed on trends reed-mustard) Emer, Wayn, USFWS: E Schoenocrambe suffrutescens (Shrubby 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 1 7 8 Pollinator unknown, re- reed-mustard) Duch, Uint, USFWS: E crutiment low

Cactaceae Pediocactus despainii (Despain‘s pin- 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 Threats high from ATV cushion cactus) Emer, Wayn?, recreation, over- USFWS: E collecting Pediocactus winkleri (Winkler‘s pin- 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 Trend significantly down- cusion cactus) Wayn, USFWS: T ward in recent years Sclerocactus whipplei var. glaucus 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 7 True S. glaucus not inUT, (S. wetlandicus, Uinta Basin hookless threatened by mineral cactus) Duch, Uint, USFWS: T development, collecting Sclerocactus whipplei var. ilseae 2 1 1 1 1 1 Unk 7 8 Threats high, prob declin- (S. brevispinus, Pariette hookless cac- ing though recent counts tus) Duch, Uint, USFWS: T up (incr. survey effort) Sclerocactus wrightiae (Wright‘s fish- 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 7 7 High threats from ATV hook cactus) Emer, Wayn, USFWS: E recreation, collecting, drought, browsing Chenopodiaceae Atriplex canescens var. gigantea (Giant 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 Unk 6 8 ATV recreation high at four-wing saltbush) Juab Lyndyl Dunes, threats from cheatgrass, fire Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Astragalus ampullarioides (Shivwits 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 Decreasing over much of milkvetch) Wash, USFWS: E range except in Zion NP Astragalus anserinus (Goose Creek 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 7 Pops sharply declining milkvetch) BoxE, USFWS: C after 2007 wildfires

Astragalus holmgreniorum (Holm- 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 Large block of habitat gren‘s milkvetch) Wash, USFWS: E near St. George slated for development Astragalus iselyi (Isely‘s milkvetch) 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 7 Pops small, some im- Gran, SanJ pacted by roads Astragalus lentiginosus var. pohlii 2 1 1 1 1 1 Unk 7 8 Pops small & declining, (Pohl‘s milkvetch) Tooe impacts from ATVs

8 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6)

2009 UNPS Rare Plants of Utah List: I. Extremely High Priority List

Species Comments Pot

Min

Hab Hab

Spec

Score Score

Trend

Rarity

Range

# Pops Threat Intrins Intrins Indiv # Trifolium variegatum var. parunu- 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 Unk 6 8 Sand seep habitat im- weapensis (Parunuweap clover) Kane pacted by ATVs, grazing

Hydrophyllaceae 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 7 Listed as Endangered Phacelia argillacea (Clay phacelia) since 1978 Utah, USFWS: E 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 1 7 8 Arapien endemic, threats Phacelia utahensis (Utah phacelia) from mining, ATVs Sanp, Sevi

Iridaceae 2 1 Unk 1 Unk 1 1 6 8 Not relocated since 1970s, Iris pariensis (Paria iris) Kane taxonomic issues

Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 Chinle habitat being in- Salvia columbariae var. argillacea vaded by annual weeds (Chinle chia) Kane, Wash

Loasaceae 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 7 Arapien shale endemic Mentzelia argillosa (Arapien stickleaf) Sanp, Sevi

Malvaceae 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 1 7 8 Edaphic endemic im- Sphaeralcea gierischii (Gierisch‘s globe- pacted by gypsum mining mallow) Wash, USFWS: C

Papaveraceae 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 Pollinators in decline, Arctomecon humilis (Dwarf bearclaw pops impacted by ATV poppy) Wash, USFWS: E recreation, weeds, urban sprawl in St. George

Polemoniaceae 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 7 Pops hard to census, Gilia caespitosa (Aliciella caespitosa, some threats from over- Rabbit Valley gilia) Wayn collection

Ranunculaceae 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 Downward trend, repro- Ranunculus acris var. aestivalis ductive issues, threats (R. aestivalis, Autumn buttercup) from succession, habitat Emer?, Garf, USFWS: E loss, reported for Emery Co in FNA vol 3

Scrophulariaceae 2 1 1 1 Unk 1 Unk 6 8 Declining rangewide, Penstemon gibbensii (Gibbens‘ pen- threats from mineral dev, stemon) Dagg ATV recreation 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 Pops small, threats high, Penstemon grahamii (Graham‘s pen- poor pollination, trends stemon) Carb, Uint down

Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 7 7 Threatened by mineral (White River penstemon) Uint, development in narrow USFWS: C range in Uinta Basin

Violaceae Viola clauseniana (Clausen‘s violet) 2 1 1 1 1 Unk 1 7 8 At least one Zion popula- Wash tion probably extirpated from competition with exotic grasses, habitat loss, or over-collection.

9 Utah Native Plant Society 2009 Utah Native Plant Society Rare Plants of Utah List II. High Priority List

The following table lists 114 species considered high priorities for conservation attention in Utah based on the UNPS ranking sys- tem. Species are listed alphabetically by family and scientific name. County distribution and USFWS listing status are included after the common name. To save space, scores for each of the seven ranking criteria and the minimum and potential summary scores are not included here, but can be found in the excel spreadsheet posted on the UNPS website (www.unps.org). Agavaceae Draba sobolifera (Creeping draba) Beav, Piut Yucca shidigera (Splinter yucca) Wash Lepidium integrifolium (Entire-leaf pepperwort) Beav, Rich, Yucca toftiae (Toft‘s yucca) Garf, Kane, SanJ Sanp, Sevi, Uint Lepidium montanum var. alpinum (Wasatch pepperwort) Salt Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Lepidium montanum var. stellae (Stella‘s pepperwort) Garf, Cymopterus coulteri (Two-leaf spring-parsley) Juab, Sanp, Kane Sevi, Tooe Lepidium ostleri (Ostler‘s pepperwort) Beav Cymopterus higginsii (Higgins‘ spring-parsley) Kane Physaria chambersii var. canaani (Canaan Peak twinpod) Garf Lomatium latilobum (Canyonlands lomatium) Gran, SanJ Physaria grahamii (includes P. acutifolia var. repanda & var. Lomatium scabrum var. tripinnatum (Virgin lomatium) Wash purpurea by some authors, Graham‘s twinpod) Duch, Gran, Uint, Utah, Wasa Apocynaceae Physaria rubicundula var. tumulosa (Lesquerella tumulosa, Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii (Jones‘ cycladenia) Emer, Garf, Kodachrome bladderpod) Kane, USFWS: E Gran, Kane, USFWS: T Cactaceae Asclepiadaceae Pediocactus sileri (Siler‘s pincushion cactus) Kane, Wash, Asclepias welshii (Welsh‘s milkweed) Kane, USFWS: T USFWS: T

Asteraceae (Compositae) Capparaceae Ambrosia x sandersonii (Hymenoclea sandersonii, Sander- Cleomella hillmanii var. goodrichii (C. palmeriana var. good- son‘s bursage) Wash richii, Goodrich‘s stinkweed) Uint Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. glareosus (Marysvale rabbit- brush) Piut Chenopodiaceae Cirsium virginense (Virgin thistle) Wash, included in C. mo- Krascheninnikovia lanata var. ruinina (Ruin Park winterfat) havense in Flora of North America (2006) Gran, SanJ Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. bairdii (Baird‘s nakedstem) Wash Erigeron higginsii (Higgins‘ daisy) Wash Crassulaceae Erigeron vagus var. madsenii (Madsen‘s daisy) Garf, Iron, Dudleya pulverulenta var. arizonica (Arizona live-forever) Kane Wash Haplopappus armerioides var. gramineus (Grass goldenweed) Duch, Uint Cuscutaceae Haplopappus lignumviridis (Greenwood‘s goldenbush) Sevi Cuscuta warneri (Warner‘s dodder) Mill, may be extirpated in Haplopappus scopulorum var. canonis (Canyon spindly Utah goldenbush) SanJ Senecio castoreus (Beaver Mountain groundsel) Beav, Piut Cyperaceae Senecio malmstenii (Podunk groundsel) Garf, Iron, Kane Carex specuicola (Navajo sedge) SanJ, USFWS: T Senecio musiniensis (Musinea groundsel) Sanp Thelesperma subnudum var. maliterrimum (T. pubescens, Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Uinta greenthread) Duch, Uint Astragalus ampullarius (Gumbo milkvetch) Kane, Wash Townsendia goodrichii (Goodrich‘s townsendia) Duch, Uint Astragalus cronquistii (Cronquist‘s milkvetch) SanJ Townsendia jonesii var. lutea (Sigurd townsendia) Juab, Piut, Astragalus cutleri (Cutler‘s milkvetch) SanJ Sevi Astragalus desereticus (Deseret milkvetch) Utah, USFWS: T Townsendia strigosa var. prolixa (Strigose townsendia) Duch, Astragalus diversifolius (Meadow milkvetch) Juab, Tooe Gran Astragalus equisolensis (A. desperatus var. neeseae, Horse- Viguiera soliceps (Tropic goldeneye) Kane shoe milkvetch) Uint Xylorhiza cronquistii (Cronquist‘s woodyaster) Garf, Kane Astragalus hamiltonii (Hamilton‘s milkvetch) Uint Xylorhiza glabriuscula var. linearifolia (Moab woodyaster) Astragalus harrisonii (Harrison‘s milkvetch) Garf, Wayn Garf, Gran, SanJ, Wayn Astragalus loanus (Glenwood milkvetch) Sevi Astragalus sabulosus var. sabulosus (Cisco milkvetch) Gran Boraginaceae Astragalus sabulosus var. vehiculus (Stage milkvetch) Gran Cryptantha grahamii (Graham‘s cryptanth) Duch, Uint Astragalus serpens (Plateau milkvetch) Piut, Sevi, Wayn Cryptantha semiglabra (Pipe Spring cryptanth) Wash Astragalus striatiflorus (Escarpment milkvetch) Kane, Wash Astragalus welshii (Welsh‘s milkvetch) Garf, Iron, Kane, Mill, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Piut, Wayn Arabis falcatoria (Falcate rockcress) BoxE, Juab Trifolium friscanum (T. andersonii var. friscanum, Frisco Arabis harrisonii (Harrison‘s rockcress) Utah clover) Beav Draba ramulosa (Belknap Peak draba) Beav, Piut 10 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6) 2009 UNPS Rare Plants of Utah List— II. High Priority List

Fagaceae Ipomopsis congesta var. ochroleuca (Arapien gilia) Sanp, Sevi Quercus gambelii var. bonina (Goodhope oak) SanJ Phlox hoodii var. madsenii (Madsen‘s carpet phlox) Wayn

Fumariaceae Polygonaceae Corydalis caseana var. brachycarpa (Case‘s corydalis) Salt, Eriogonum brevicaule var. huberi (Huber‘s wild buckwheat) Utah, Wasa, Webe Duch Eriogonum brevicaule var. mitophyllum (Lost Creek wild Hydrangeaceae buckwheat) Sevi Jamesia americana var. macrocalyx (Wasatch jamesia) Juab, Eriogonum brevicaule var. promiscuum (Mount Bartles wild Salt, Utah, Wasa buckwheat) Carb Eriogonum corymbosum var. cronquistii (Cronquist‘s wild Hydrophyllaceae buckwheat) Garf Phacelia argylensis (Argyle Canyon phacelia) Duch Eriogonum corymbosum var. heilii (Heil‘s wild buckwheat) Phacelia cephalotes (Chinle phacelia) Kane, SanJ, Wash Wayn Phacelia cronquistiana (Cronquist‘s phacelia) Kane Eriogonum corymbosum var. matthewsiae (included in var. Phacelia demissa var. heterotricha (Brittle phacelia) Piut, Sevi, albiflorum by some authors, Springdale wild buckwheat) Wayn Wash Phacelia demissa var. minor (Brittle phacelia) Duch, Uint Eriogonum corymbosum var. smithii (Flat top wild buck- Phacelia pulchella var. atwoodii (Atwood‘s pretty phacelia) wheat) Emer, Wayn Kane Eriogonum esmeraldense var. tayei (Taye‘s wild buckwheat) Phacelia pulchella var. gooddingii (Goodding‘s pretty Sevi phacelia) Wash Eriogonum nummulare var. ammophilum (Ibex wild buck- Phacelia sabulonum (P. pulchella var. sabulonum, Tompkins wheat) Mill phacelia) Garf, Kane Eriogonum racemosum var. nobilis (included in var. zionis by some authors, Bluff wild buckwheat) Kane, SanJ Loasaceae Eriogonum soredium (Frisco wild buckwheat) Beav Mentzelia shultziorum (Shultz‘s stickleaf) Gran Petalonyx parryi (Parry‘s sandpaper-plant) Wash Portulacaceae Talinum thompsonii (Thompson‘s talinum) Emer Malvaceae Sphaeralcea fumariensis (S. grossulariifolia var. fumariensis, Primulaceae Smoky Mountain globemallow) Kane Dodecatheon dentatum var. utahense (Hooker‘s shooting-star) Sphaeralcea janeae (Jane‘s globemallow) Gran, SanJ, Wayn Salt Sphaeralcea psoraloides (Scurfpea globemallow) Emer, Gran, Primula domensis (House Range primrose) Mill Wayn Primula maguirei (Maguire‘s primrose) Cach, USFWS: T

Onagraceae Ranunculaceae Camissonia exilis (Meager camissonia) Kane Aquilegia holmgrenii (formerly included in A. elegantula, Oenothera caespitosa var. stellae (Stella‘s evening-primrose) Holmgren‘s columbine) Garf Emer, Garf, Kane, Sanp Aquilegia rubicunda (Link Trail columbine) Emer, Sevi Oenothera murdockii (Murdock‘s evening-primrose) Kane, Aquilegia scopulorum var. goodrichii (Goodrich‘s columbine) Wash Duch

Ophioglossaceae Rosaceae Botrychium lineare (Slender moonwort) Salt Ivesia shockleyi var. ostleri (Shockley‘s ivesia) Beav

Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae Spiranthes romanzoffiana var. diluvialis (S. diluvialis, Ute Castilleja aquariensis (Aquarius paintbrush) Garf ladies‘-tresses) Dagg, Duch, Garf, Salt, Tooe, Uint, Utah, Castilleja parvula var. revealii (Reveal‘s paintbrush) Garf, Wayn, Webe, USFWS: T Iron, Kane Penstemon flowersii (Flowers‘ penstemon) Duch, Uint Poaceae Penstemon goodrichii (Goodrich‘s penstemon) Duch, Uint Elymus simplex (Alkali wildrye) Dagg Penstemon x jonesii (Fuchsia penstemon) Kane, Wash Penstemon pinorum (Pinyon penstemon) Iron Polemoniaceae Penstemon tidestromii (included in P. leptanthus by some Gilia imperialis (G. latifolia var. imperialis, Cataract gilia) authors, Tidestrom‘s penstemon) Juab, Sanp, Utah Emer, Garf, Kane, SanJ, Wayn Penstemon wardii (Ward‘s penstemon) Mill, Piut, Sanp, Sevi Gilia tenuis (Aliciella tenuis, Mussentuchit gilia) Emer, Sevi

11 Utah Native Plant Society 2009 Utah Native Plant Society Rare Plants of Utah List III. Watch List

The following table lists 262 species on the watch list for potential conservation attention in Utah based on the UNPS ranking sys- tem. Watch list species are primarily local or regional endemics or disjuncts with relatively small ranges within Utah but which are often locally abundant or minimally threatened at present. These plants could become a higher priority if significant environ- mental changes occur within their habitat in the future. Species are listed alphabetically by family and scientific name. County distribution and USFWS listing status are included after the common name. To save space, scores for each of the seven ranking criteria and the minimum and potential summary scores are not included here, but can be found in the excel spreadsheet posted on the UNPS website (www.unps.org).

Adoxaceae Erigeron goodrichii (Goodrich‘s daisy) Dagg, Duch, Summ?, Adoxa moschatellina (Moschatel) SanJ Uint, Utah Erigeron huberi (Huber‘s daisy) Duch Agavaceae Erigeron kachinensis (Kachina daisy) SanJ Agave utahensis var. utahensis (Utah century plant) Wash Erigeron maguirei (Maguire‘s daisy) Emer, Wayn, USFWS: Nolina microcarpa (Beargrass) Wash T Yucca kanabensis (Kanab yucca) Kane, Wash Erigeron religiosus (Religious daisy) Garf, Kane, SanJ, Wash Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Erigeron sionis (includes vars. sionis & trilobatus, Zion Angelica wheeleri (Utah angelica) Cach, Juab, Piut, Salt, Sevi, daisy) Garf, Iron, Kane, Wash Utah Erigeron untermannii (Untermann‘s daisy) Duch Cymopterus acaulis var. parvus (Small spring-parsley) Mill, Erigeron ursinus var. meyerae (Meyer‘s daisy) Wash Tooe Erigeron zothecinus (Alcove daisy) Garf, Gran, Kane, SanJ Cymopterus beckii (Beck‘s spring-parsley) Kane, SanJ, Wayn Geraea canescens (Desert sunflower) Wash Cymopterus evertii (Evert‘s spring-parsley) Uint Gutierrezia pomariensis (Orchard snakeweed) Duch, Uint Cymopterus minimus (Least spring-parsley) Garf, Iron, Kane Haplopappus racemosus var. sessiliflorus (Racemose Cymopterus trotteri (Oreoxis trotteri, Trotter‘s spring- goldenweed) Mill parsley) Gran Haplopappus zionis (Cedar Breaks goldenweed) Garf, Iron, Lomatium graveolens var. clarkii (Clark‘s lomatium) Wash Kane Lomatium junceum (Rush lomatium) Emer, Garf, Sevi, Wayn Hymenoxys helenioides (Sneezeweed hymenoxys) Carb, Musineon lineare (Utah musineon) BoxE, Cach, Emer, Garf, Sanp, Sevi, Wayn Hymenoxys lapidicola (Rock hymenoxys) Uint Asclepiadaceae Hymenoxys lemmonii (Alkali hymenoxys) Uint Asclepias cutleri (Cutler‘s milkweed) Gran, SanJ Layia platyglossa var. breviseta (Coastal tidytips) SanJ Cynanchum utahense (Swallow-wort) Wash Lepidospartum latisquamum (Nevada broom) Mill Perityle emoryi (Emory‘s rock-daisy) Wash Asteraceae (Compositae) Perityle specuicola (Alcove rock-daisy) Gran, SanJ Artemisia campestris var. petiolata (Petiolate wormwood) Peucephyllum schottii (Pygmy-cedar) Wash Duch, taxonomic questions Platyschkuhria integrifolia var. oblongifolia (San Juan Artemisia nova var. duschesnicola (Duchesne sagebrush) bahia) SanJ Uint Senecio dimorphophyllus var. intermedius (La Sal ground Aster kingii var. barnebyana (Barneby‘s aster) Juab, Mill sel) Duch, Gran, SanJ, Sanp, Summ Aster kingii var. kingii (King‘s aster) Salt, Utah Senecio fremontii var. inexpectans (Unexpected groundsel) Aster welshii (Welsh‘s aster) Beav, Duch, Garf, Iron, Kane, Gran, SanJ Piut, Summ, Utah, Wash, Wayn Senecio werneriifolius var. barkleyi (Barkley‘s grounsel) Baccharis viminea var. atwoodii (Atwood‘s seepwillow) Garf, Kane Emer, Gran, SanJ Solidago spectabilis (Nevada goldenrod) Mill, Wash Chrysopsis jonesii (Heterotheca jonesii, Jones‘ golden-aster) Sphaeromeria ruthiae (Ruth‘s chickensage) Kane, Wash Garf, Kane, Wash Stephanomeria tenuifolia var. myrioclada (Slender wire- Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. iridis (Rainbow rabbitbrush) lettuce) BoxE Sanp, Sevi Stephanomeria tenuifolia var. uintahensis (Uinta wire- Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. psilocarpus (Huntington lettuce) Uint rabbitbrush) Carb, Duch, Emer, Sevi, Wasa Townsendia beamanii (Beaman‘s townsendia) SanJ Cirsium eatonii var. harrisonii (Harrison‘s thistle) Beav, Piut Townsendia condensata (Cushion townsendia) Beav, Piut Cirsium joannae (Joanna‘s thistle) Kane, Wash Townsendia mensana (Plateau townsendia) Duch, Uint Cirsium murdockii (Murdock‘s thistle) Dagg, Duch, Uint Townsendia montana var. caelilinensis (Skyline town- Cirsium ownbeyi (Ownbey‘s thistle) Dagg, Uint sendia) Duch, Sanp, Wasa Enceliopsis argophylla (Silverleaf enceliopsis) Wash Townsendia montana var. minima (Bryce Canyon town- Erigeron arenarioides (Wasatch daisy) BoxE, Salt, Tooe, sendia) Garf, Iron, Kane, Wash Utah, Webe Xylorhiza confertifolia (Machaeranthera confertifolia, Erigeron canaani (Canaan daisy) Kane, Wash Henrieville woodyaster) Garf, Kane, Wayn Erigeron carringtoniae (Carrington‘s daisy) Emer, Sanp Erigeron cronquistii (Cronquist‘s daisy) Cach Boraginaceae Erigeron garrettii (Garrett‘s daisy) Salt, Utah, Wasa Cryptantha barnebyi (Barneby‘s cryptanth) Uint 12 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6) 2009 UNPS Rare Plants of Utah List— III. Watch List

Cryptantha compacta (Mound cryptanth) Beav, Mill, Tooe Atriplex wolfii var. tenuissima (Slender orach) Cryptantha creutzfeldtii (Creutzfeldt‘s cryptanth) Carb, Corispermum welshii (Welsh‘s bugseed) Garf, Kane, Mill, Emer SanJ? Cryptantha elata (Tall cryptanth) Gran Cuscutaceae Cryptantha johnstonii (Johnston‘s cryptanth) Emer Cuscuta applanata (Winged dodder) Wash Cryptantha jonesiana (San Rafael cryptanth) Emer Cuscuta cuspidata (Toothed dodder) Salt, Utah, Webe Cryptantha ochroleuca (Yellowish cryptanth) Garf Hackelia ibapensis (Deep Creek stickseed) Juab Cyperaceae Carex crawei (Crawe‘s sedge) Kane Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Carex curatorum (Canyonlands sedge) Kane, SanJ, Uint Arabis shockleyi (Shockley‘s rockcress) Beav, Juab, Mill, Carex diandra (Lesser panicled sedge) Duch, Garf? Tooe Carex haysii (Hays‘ sedge) Wash Arabis vivariensis (included in A. fernaldiana by some Carex lasiocarpa (Slender sedge) Dagg, Sevi?, Uint authors, Park rockcress) Uint Carex leptalea (Bristly—stalk sedge) Dagg, Duch, Uint Descurainia pinnata var. paysonii (Payson‘s tansymustard) Carex livida (Pale sedge) Duch, Uint Gran, SanJ, Uint Carex microglochin (Subulate sedge) Dagg, Duch, Emer Draba kassii (Kass‘ draba) Tooe Cladium californicum (Saw-grass) Kane, SanJ Draba maguirei var. burkei (Burke‘s draba) BoxE, Morg, Lipocarpha aristulata (Slender-rush) Kane Webe Scirpus nevadensis (Nevada bulrush) Juab, Rich Draba maguirei var. maguirei (Maguire‘s draba) BoxE, Cach, Webe Euphorbiaceae Lepidium huberi (Huber‘s pepperwort) Uint Euphorbia nephradenia (Utah spurge) Emer, Garf, Kane, Lepidium montanum var. claronense (Claron pepperwort) Wayn Garf, Kane, Piut Lepidium montanum var. heterophyllum (Cedar Canyon Fabaceae (Leguminosae) pepperwort) Iron, Mill, Piut, Sevi Astragalus calycosus var. monophyllidus (One-leaf milk- Lepidium montanum var. neeseae (Neese‘s pepperwort) Garf vetch) Sevi Lepidium nanum (Low pepperwort) Tooe Astragalus chloodes (Grass milkvetch) Uint Physaria acutifiolia var. purpurea (included in P. grahamii Astragalus concordius (formerly included in A. piutensis, by some authors, Purple twinpod) Emer, Gran, Sevi, Wayn Hairy-pod milkvetch) Iron, Wash Physaria arizonica (Lesquerella arizonica, Arizona bladder- Astragalus detritalis (Debris milkvetch) Duch, Uint pod) Garf, Kane, Wash Astragalus henrimontanensis (Dana‘s milkvetch) Garf Physaria chambersii var. sobolifera (Claron twinpod) Garf Astragalus jejunus (Starveling milkvetch) Rich Physaria floribunda (Mesa twinpod) Gran Astragalus lentiginosus var. mokiacensis (includes var. Physaria garrettii (Lesquerella garrettii, Garrett‘s twinpod) ursinus, Mokiak milkvetch) Wash Davi, Salt, Utah, Wasa Astragalus limnocharis var. limnocharis (Navajo Lake milk- Thelypodiopsis ambigua var. erecta (Kanab thelypody) Kane, vetch) Iron, Kane Wash? Astragalus limnocharis var. tabulaeus (Table Cliff milkvetch) Thelypodiopsis sagittata var. ovalifolia (Palmer‘s thelypody) Garf Garf, Iron, Juab, Kane, Mill Astragalus lutosus (Dragon milkvetch) Duch, Uint, Utah, Thelypodium flexuosum (Zigzag thelypody) Beav, Tooe Wasa Astragalus malacoides (Kaiparowits milkvetch) Garf, Kane Buddlejaceae Astragalus montii (Heliotrope milkvetch) Sanp, Sevi, Buddleja utahensis (Utah butterflybush) Wash USFWS: T Astragalus monumentalis (Monument milkvetch) Garf, SanJ Cactaceae Astragalus naturitensis (Naturita milkvetch) SanJ Echinocactus polycephalus var. xeranthemoides (Kaibab Astragalus piscator (Fisher milkvetch) Gran, SanJ, Wayn barrel cactus) Kane? Astragalus saurinus (Dinosaur milkvetch) Uint Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. mojavensis (Mohave claret- Astragalus uncialis (Currant milkvetch) Mill cup) Beav, Mill, Wash Astragalus wetherillii (Wetherill‘s milkvetch) Gran Ferocactus acanthodes (Desert barrel cactus) Wash Astragalus zionis var. vigulus (Guard milkvetch) Wash Mamillaria tetrancistra (Pincushion cactus) Wash Hedysarum boreale var. gremiale (Rollins‘ sweetvetch) Uint Neolloydia johnsonii (Johnson‘s neolloydia) Wash Hedysarum occidentale var. canone (Coal Cliffs sweetvetch) Opuntia echinocarpa (Pale cholla) Beav?, Wash Carb, Duch, Emer Opuntia phaeacantha var. castorea (Beaver Dam pricklypear) Oxytropis besseyi var. obnapiformis (Maybell locoweed) Dagg Wash Oxytropis oreophila var. jonesii (Jones‘ locoweed) Emer, Opuntia pulchella (Sand cholla) BoxE, Juab, Mill, Tooe, Garf, Gran, Iron, Sanp, Uint Wash? Pediomelum aromaticum var. aromaticum (Aromatic bread- Caryophyllaceae root) Emer?, Gran Silene nachlingerae (Jan‘s catchfly) Beav Pediomelum aromaticum var. barnebyi (Barneby‘s bread- root) Kane, Wash Chenopodiaceae Pediomelum aromaticum var. tuhyi (Tuhy‘s breadroot) SanJ Atriplex gardneri var. bonnevillensis (Bonneville saltbush) Pediomelum epipsilum (Kane breadroot) Kane Juab, Mill Pediomelum mephiticum (Skunk breadroot) Wash Atriplex obovata (New Mexico saltbush) SanJ Pediomelum pariense (Paria breadroot) Garf, Kane Atriplex pleiantha (Four Corners orach) SanJ Pediomelum retrorsum (Peach Springs breadroot) Wash 13 Utah Native Plant Society 2009 UNPS Rare Plants of Utah List— III. Watch List

Psoralidium lanceolatum var. stenostachys (Rydberg‘s scurf- Oenothera deltoides var. decumbens (St. George evening- pea) Davi, Juab, Mill, Salt, Tooe, Webe primrose) Wash Psorothamnus arborescens var. pubescens (Beauty indigo- Ophioglossaceae bush) Kane Botrychium multifidum (Leathery grape fern) Duch Psorothamnus nummularius (Jones‘ indigo-bush) Emer Psorothamnus polydenius (Glandular indigo-bush) Wash Orchidaceae Trifolium beckwithii (Beckwith‘s clover) Piut?, Sevi Habenaria zothecina (Alcove bog-orchid) Emer, Garf, Gran, SanJ, Uint Gentianaceae Papaveraceae Swertia gypsicola (Frasera gypsicola, White River swertia) Eschscholzia mexicana (Mexican golden-poppy) Wash Mill Papaver uintaense (includes P. kluanense, Arctic poppy) Dagg, Duch, Summ Hydrangeaceae Platystemon californicus (Creamcups) Wash Jamesia americana var. zionis (Zion jamesia) Kane, Wash Jamesia tetrapetala (Basin jamesia) Mill Poaceae (Gramineae) Andropogon glomeratus (Bushy bluestem) Garf, Kane, SanJ, Hydrophyllaceae Wayn Phacelia austromontana (Southern phacelia) Wash Festuca dasyclada (Utah fescue) Emer, Garf, Sanp Phacelia cottamii (Cottam‘s phacelia) Carb, Emer, Sevi Imperata brevifolia (Satintail) Kane, SanJ Phacelia glandulosa (Glandular scorpion-weed) Gran, Uint Panicum hallii (Hall‘s panicgrass) Beav Phacelia indecora (Bluff phacelia) SanJ Stipa arnowiae (Arnow‘s ricegrass) Garf, Gran, Iron, Juab, Phacelia mammillarensis (Nipple Bench phacelia) Garf, Kane Kane, Uint, Wash Phacelia palmeri (Palmer‘s phacelia) Wash Polemoniaceae Phacelia perityloides var. laxiflora (Crevice phacelia) Ipomopsis spicata var. spicata (Spike gilia) Dagg Phacelia salina (Bitter Creek scorpion-weed) Sanp, Tooe Ipomopsis tridactyla (Cedar Breaks gilia) Iron, Piut Phacelia splendens (Eastwood‘s phacelia) Gran Phlox lutescens (Yellowish phlox) Phacelia tetramera (Four-parted phacelia) Webe Phlox opalensis (Opal phlox) Dagg Tricardia watsonii (Three hearts) Wash Polygonaceae Juncaceae Eriogonum acaule (Stemless wild buckwheat) Rich Juncus tweedy (Tweedy‘s rush) BoxE Eriogonum aretioides (Widtsoe wild buckwheat) Emer, Garf Eriogonum brevicaule var. loganum (Logan wild buckwheat) Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Cach, Morg, Rich Stachys rothrockii (Rothrock‘s hedge-nettle) Kane Eriogonum cernuum var. psammophilum (Sand Dune nod- ding wild buckwheat) Garf, Kane, SanJ Liliaceae Eriogonum corymbosum var. albiflorum (E. thompsoniae Allium geyeri var. chatterleyi (Chatterley‘s onion) SanJ var. albiflorum, Virgin wild buckwheat) Wash Allium passeyi (Passey‘s onion) BoxE Eriogonum ephedroides (E. brevicaule var. ephedroides, Ephedra wild buckwheat) Uint Loasaceae Eriogonum heermannii var. subspinosum (Tabeau Peak wild Eucnide urens (Desert rock-nettle) Wash buckwheat) Wash Mentzelia goodrichii (Goodrich‘s stickleaf) Duch Eriogonum insigne (Ladder wild buckwheat) Iron, Kane, Mentzelia multicaulis var. flumensevera (Sevier Canyon Wash stickleaf) Piut, Sevi Eriogonum scabrellum (Westwater wild buckwheat) Emer, Mentzelia multicaulis var. uintahensis (Uinta Basin stickleaf) Garf, Gran, Kane, SanJ Duch, Uint Eriogonum wrightii (Wright‘s wild buckwheat) Wash Malvaceae Koenigia islandica (Koenigia) Duch Sphaeralcea caespitosa var. caespitosa (Jones‘ globemallow) Pterostegia drymarioides (Pterostegia) Wash Beav, Mill Najadaceae Polypodiaceae Najas flexilis (includes N. caespitosa, Fish Lake naiad) Sevi Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum (Northern maidenhair fern) Garf, Salt, Wash Oleaceae Cheilanthes wootonii (Wooton‘s lip-fern) Wash Menodora spinescens (Spiny menodora) Wash Cystopteris bulbifera (Bulblet bladder fern) Salt, SanJ, Wash Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Oak fern) Piut Onagraceae Camissonia atwoodii (Atwood‘s camissonia) Kane Primulaceae Camissonia bairdii (Baird‘s camissonia) Wash Dodecatheon pulchellum var. zionense (Zion shooting-star) Camissonia claviformis var. aurantiaca (Clubpod Carb, Gran, Kane, SanJ?, Wash camissonia) Wash Camissonia claviformis var. claviformis (Clubpod Ranunculaceae camissonia) Wash Aquilegia atwoodii (Atwood‘s columbine) Uint Camissonia claviformis var. cruciformis (Clubpod Aquilegia barnebyi (Shale columbine) Duch, Uint camissonia) Wash Aquilegia desolaticola (Desolation Canyon columbine) Gran Camissonia goudlii (Gould‘s camissonia) Mill, Wash Aquilegia fosteri (Foster‘s columbine) Wash Epilobium nevadense (Nevada willow-herb) Iron, Mill, Wash Aquilegia grahamii (Graham‘s columbine) Uint 14 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6) 2009 UNPS Rare Plants of Utah List— III. Watch List

Aquilegia loriae (Lori‘s columbine) Kane Penstemon acaulis var. acaulis (Stemless penstemon) Dagg Trautvetteria caroliniensis (Carolina tassel-rue) SanJ Penstemon ammophilus (Sandloving penstemon) Garf, Kane, Wash Rhamnaceae Penstemon angustifolius var. vernalensis (Vernal pen- Ceanothus greggii var. franklinii (Franklin‘s desert-lilac) stemon) Dagg, Uint Garf?, Gran, SanJ Penstemon atwoodii (Atwood‘s penstemon) Garf, Kane Rosaceae Penstemon barbatus var. trichander (Scarlet penstemon) Crataegus douglasii var. duchesnensis (Duchesne hawthorn) SanJ Duch, Uint, Wasa Penstemon bracteatus (Red Canyon penstemon) Garf Ivesia utahensis (Utah ivesia) Salt, Summ, Utah, Wasa Penstemon compactus (Bear River penstemon) Cach Potentilla angelliae (Angell‘s cinquefoil) Wayn Penstemon duchesnensis (Duchesne penstemon) Duch Rubus neomexicanus (New Mexico thimbleberry) Garf, SanJ Penstemon franklinii (Franklin‘s penstemon) Iron Penstemon idahoensis (Idaho penstemon) BoxE Rutaceae Penstemon marcusii (Marcus Jones‘ penstemon) Carb, Emer Ptelea trifoliata var. lutescens (Hoptree) Garf?, Kane, Wash Penstemon petiolatus (Crevice penstemon) Wash Penstemon scariosus var. cyanomontanus (Blue Mountain Salicaceae penstemon) Uint Salix arizonica (Arizona willow) Garf, Iron, Sanp, Sevi Penstemon sepalulus (Littlecup penstemon) Juab, Utah, Wash? Saururaceae Anemopsis californica (Yerba mansa) Utah, Wash Selaginellaceae Selaginella utahensis (Utah spike-moss) Kane, Wash Scrophulariaceae Castilleja parvula var. parvula (Tushar paintbrush) Beav, Violaceae Garf, Piut Viola frank-smithii (Bear River Range violet) Cach Maurandya antirrhiniflora (Maurandya) Wash Viola purpurea var. charlestonensis (V. charlestonensis, Mimulus bigelovii var. cuspidatus (Bigelow‘s monkeyflower) Charleston Mountain violet) Kane, Wash Wash Mohavea breviflora (Desert snapdragon) Wash Zygophyllaceae Penstemon abietinus (Firleaf penstemon) Sevi, Utah Fagonia laevis (Fagonia) Wash

2009 Utah Native Plant Society Rare Plants of Utah List IV. Need Data List

Species on this list have three or more ranking criteria scored as ―unknown‖. A large number of these species have only recently been named or discovered within Utah, and additional field surveys are needed to confirm their abundance, distribution, habitat needs, life history patterns, potential threats, and trends. Some species on the list have taxonomic questions that still need to be resolved. All of the plants included here have the potential to be ranked as extremely high or high priority, or as watch species, once needed studies are completed. Species are arranged alphabetically by family and species. Additional information is provided on their county-level distribution and data needs.

Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Erigeron katiae (Katie‘s daisy) Rich, newly described, general Cymopterus basalticus (Shadscale spring-parsley) Beav, Mill, info needed info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Erigeron mancus (La Sal daisy) Gran, SanJ, info needed on Cymopterus crawfordensis (Crawford Mountain spring- abundance, threats, & trends parsley) Rich, newly described, general info needed Erigeron watsonii (Watson‘s daisy) reported for UT, general info needed Asteraceae (Compositae) Haplopappus acaulis var. atwoodii (Atwood‘s goldenweed), Artemisia biennis var. diffusa (Mystery wormwood) Garf, Juab, taxonomic questions—may be a good entity, general taxonomic questions info needed Artemisia parryi (Parry‘s wormwood) Gran, SanJ, need info Haplopappus crispus (Pine Valley goldenbush) Mill?, Wash, on abundance, threats, & trends info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Artemisia tridentata var. parishii (Parish‘s big sagebrush) SW Haplopappus leverichii (Canyon goldenweed) Wash, taxon- UT, info needed on distribution, abundance, threats, trends omic questions, not seen since 1971 Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. uintahensis (Uinta rabbit- Haplopappus racemosus var. paniculatus (Racemose golden- brush) Dagg, Uint, info needed on abundance, life history weed) Mill, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Crepis runcinata var. aculeolata (Utah hawksbeard) Kane, Haplopappus racemous var. prionophyllus (Racemose taxonomic questions, info needed on abundance, threats goldenweed) Cach, Duch, Utah, general info needed

15 Utah Native Plant Society 2009 UNPS Rare Plants of Utah List—IV. Need Data List

Hofmeisteria pluriseta (Arrowleaf) Wash?, single historical Fabaceae (Leguminosae) report for UT may be from AZ Astragalus brandegei (Brandegee‘s milkvetch) Emer, Garf, Lygodesmia grandiflora var. doloresensis (Dolores River Iron, Piut, Sevi, Wayn, need info on abundance, threats skeletonplant) reported Gran, confirmation needed whether Astragalus callithrix (Callaway milkvetch) Mill, need info on this species is in UT abundance, threats, & trends Senecio bairdii (Baird‘s groundsel) BoxE, newly described, Astragalus desperatus var. petrophilus (Rock-loving milk- general info needed vetch) Emer, need info on abundance, threats, & trends Senecio streptanthifolius var. platylobus (Wasatch groundsel) Astragalus eastwoodiae (Eastwood‘s milkvetch) Emer, Garf, Utah, Webe, newly described, general info needed Gran, SanJ, Wayn, need info on abundance, threats, trends Senecio werneriifolius var. malmstenoides (Mt. Nebo ground- Astragalus hornii (Horn‘s milkvetch) Wash?, reports for UT sel) Juab, Utah, newly described, general info needed need confirmation Astragalus laccoliticus (A. chamaeleuce var. laccoliticus, Lac- Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) colite milkvetch) Garf, Wayn, need info on abundance, Arabis goodrichii (Goodrich‘s rockcress) Mill, newly de- threats, & trends scribed, general info needed Astragalus lentiginosus var. negundo (Box Elder freckled Arabis holboellii var. derensis (included in A. beckwithii by milkvetch) BoxE, newly described, general info needed some authors, Desert Experimental Range rockcress) Mill, Astragalus lentiginosus var. stramineus (Straw milkvetch) taxonomic problems, general info needed Wash?, reports from UT need confirmation Arabis lasiocarpa (Wasatch rockcress) BoxE, Cach, Rich, Salt, Astragalus pardalinus (Panther milkvetch) Emer, Garf, Gran, Utah, info needed on habitat, threats, trends Wayn, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Arabis perennans var. thorneae (Thorne‘s rockcress) Uint, Astragalus pattersonii (Patterson‘s milkvetch) Carb, Emer, newly described, general info needed Garf, SanJ, Sevi, Uint, Wayn, general info needed Arabis thompsonii (Thompson‘s rockcress) SanJ, newly de- Astragalus pinonis (Pinyon milkvetch) Beav, Juab, info scribed, general info needed needed on habitat, threats, trends Boechera glareosa (―Arabis glareosa”, Dorn‘s rockcress), Astragalus preussii var. laxiflorus (Littlefield milkvetch) Uint, recently described narrow endemic of CO & UT Wash?, reports for UT need confirmation (holotype from S side of Blue Mountain), general info Astragalus pubentissimus var. peabodianus (Peabody‘s milk- needed vetch) Emer, Gran, info needed on abundance, threats Draba santaquinensis (Santaquin draba), recently described Astragalus rafaelensis (San Rafael milkvetch) Emer, Gran, narrow endemic from Utah Co and southern Wasatch info needed on abundance, threats, trends Range, more info needed Astragalus woodruffii (Woodruff‘s milkvetch) Emer, Garf, Lepidium moabense (Moab pepperplant) Garf, Gran, Kane, Wayn, info needed on abundance, threats, trends SanJ, taxonomic questions, general info needed Dalea flavescens var. epica (Hole-in-the-Rock prairie-clover) Physaria acutifolia var. repanda (Indian Canyon twinpod) Garf, SanJ, taxonomic questions Carb, Duch, Emer, Sevi, Uint, Utah, Wasa, info needed on Lupinus flavoculatus (Yellow-eye lupine) Wash, info needed abundance, threats, & trends on abundance, threats, & trends Physaria hemiphysaria var. hemiphysaria (Skyline bladder- Pediomelum castoreum (Beaver Dam breadroot) Wash?, re- pod) Duch, Emer, Sanp, Utah, Wasa, info needed on abun- ports for UT need confirmation dance, threats, & trends Trifolium andinum var. canone (Canyon Mountains clover) Physaria hemiphysaria var. lucens (Tavaputs bladderpod) Mill, newly described, general info needed Carb, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Trifolium andinum var. navajoense (Navajo clover) SanJ, Physaria navajoensis (Lesquerella navajoensis, Navajo blad- newly described, general info needed derpod), reported Kane, taxonomic questions Trifolium andinum var. wahwahense (Wah Wah clover) Beav, Physaria neeseae (Neese‘s twinpod) Garf, Wash?, newly de- newly described, general info needed scribed, general info needed Vicia americana var. lathyroides (Pavant vetch) Mill, newly Thelypodiopsis aurea (Golden thelypody) SanJ, info needed described, general info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Thelypodiopsis vermicularis (Wormwood thelypody) BoxE, Gentianaceae Iron, Juab, Mill, Sanp, Sevi, Tooe, Utah, info needed on Lomatogonium rotatum (Marsh felwort) Dagg, info needed abundance, threats, & trends on abundance, threats, & trends Thelypodium rollinsii (Rollins‘ thelypody) Beav, Carb, Juab, Mill, Piut, Sanp, Sevi, general info needed Hydrangeaceae Jamesia americana var. rosea (Rosy cliff jamesia) Iron, tax- Cactaceae onomic questions, general info needed Echinocactus polycephalus var. polycephalus (Manyhead barrel cactus) Wash?, reports from UT need confirmation Hydrophyllaceae Sclerocactus blainei (Blaine‘s fishhook cactus) Iron, recently Phacelia crenulata var. orbicularis (Henry Mountains pha- reported for UT by Heil and Woodruff, info needed on abun- celia) Garf, Wayn, newly described, general info needed dance, trends Phacelia petrosa (Forgotten phacelia) Garf, SanJ, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Chenopodiaceae Atriplex gardneri var. welshii (Welsh‘s saltbush) Gran, taxo- Liliaceae nomic questions Calochortus ciscoensis (Cisco mariposa) Duch, Gran, Uint, Atriplex powellii var. minuticarpa (Green River orach) Emer, newly described, general info needed Gran, Wayn, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends 16 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6) 2009 UNPS Rare Plants of Utah List—IV. Need Data List

Loasaceae Phlox albomarginata (White-margined phlox) Rich, general Mentzelia multicaulis var. librina (Horse Canyon stickleaf) info needed Carb, Emer, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Phlox austromontana var. jonesii (Jones‘ phlox) Kane, Wash, Mentzelia thompsonii (Thompson‘s stickleaf) Gran, Uint, info taxonomic questions needed on abundance, threats, & trends Phlox austromontana var. prostrata (Silver Reef phlox) Kane, Petalonyx nitidus (Shiny-leaf sandpaper-plant) Wash?, re- Wash, taxonomic questions ports from UT need confirmation Polygonaceae Nyctaginaceae Eriogonum brevicaule var. viridulum (Duchesne wild buck- Abronia fragrans var. harrisii (Harris‘ fragrant sand- wheat) Duch, Uint, info needed on abundance, threats verbena) Emer, Garf, Uint, taxonomic questions Eriogonum contortum (Grand Valley wild buckwheat) Gran, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Onagraceae Eriogonum corymbosum var. hylophilum (Gate Canyon wild Camissonia bolanderi (Bolander‘s camissonia) Emer, Wayn?, buckwheat) Duch, info needed on abundance, threats newly described, general info needed Eriogonum corymbosum var. revealianum (Reveal‘s wild buckwheat) Garf, Kane, Piut, Wayn, var. heilii recently Ophioglossaceae pulled out, updated status info needed on remaining pops Botrychium boreale (Northern grapefern) Summ, taxonomic Eriogonum howellianum (Howell‘s wild buckwheat) Juab, questions (UT material may be B. pinnatum), general info Mill, Tooe, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends needed Eriogonum jamesii var. higginsii (Higgins‘ wild buckwheat) Botrychium crenulatum (Dainty moonwort) Wasa, confirm- SanJ, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends ation needed, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Eriogonum lonchophyllum var. lonchophyllum (Longleaf wild Botrychium hesperium (Western moonwort) Juab, Summ, buckwheat) Emer, Gran, SanJ, Uint, info needed on abun- confirmation needed, info needed on abundance, threats, & dance, threats, & trends trends Eriogonum microthecum var. tegetiforme (Slender buck- Botrychium lanceolatum (Lance-leaf grapefern) Juab, info wheat) Mill, Wash, newly described, general info needed needed on abundance, intrinsic rarity, threats, trends Eriogonum panguicense var. alpestre (Cedar Breaks wild Botrychium paradoxum (Paradox moonwort) Garf, confirm- buckwheat) Iron, taxonomic questions ation needed, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Eriogonum spathulatum var. kayeae (Kaye‘s wild buckwheat) Beav, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Papaveraceae Eriogonum spathulatum var. natum (Son‘s wild buckwheat) Argemone corymbosa var. parva (San Rafael prickly-poppy) Mill, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends Garf, Gran, SanJ, newly described, general info needed Rosaceae Poaceae (Gramineae) Potentilla diversifolia var. madsenii (Madsen‘s cinquefoil) Bouteloua uniflora (One-flower grama), reported Zion NP, Kane, newly described, general info needed confirmation needed Leersia oryzoides (Rice cutgrass) Davi, Utah, Webe, info Scrophulariaceae needed on abundance, threats, & trends Penstemon acaulis var. yampaensis (Yampa penstemon) Stipa scribneri (Scribner needlegrass), Wayn, documented Dagg, info needed on abundance, threats, & trends from Capitol Reef NP, info needed on abundance, threats Penstemon cyananthus var. judyae (Judy‘s penstemon) Utah, newly described, general info needed Polemoniaceae Penstemon moffatii (Mofatt penstemon) Duch, Emer, Garf, Ipomopsis congesta var. goodrichii (Goodrich gilia), info Gran, SanJ, Utah, Wayn, info needed on abundance, threats, needed on abundance, threats, & trends & trends Langloisia schottii (Schott‘s langloisia) Wash, general info Penstemon nanus (Dwarf penstemon) Beav, Iron?, Mill, info needed needed on abundance, threats, & trends

Acknowledgments

These lists were developed by the Utah Native Plant Society Rare Plant Committee: Walter Fertig (chair), Duane Atwood (BYU herbarium), Rita Dodge (Red Butte Garden), Robert Fitts (UT Conservation Data Center), and Ben Franklin (UT Conservation Data Center). We would like to thank the 40 botanists who participated in the Utah rare plant ranking session of the 5th South- western Rare Plant Conference in March 2009 for their helpful comments on developing the scoring system and applying it to specific plant species. Session attendees included a cross section of amateur and professional botanists representing government agencies (BLM, US Forest Service, National Park Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service), universities, botanical gardens, and consulting firms. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the additional comments provided on the draft list by Jason Alex- ander (Utah Valley University), Debi Clark (Canyon De Chelley NM), Cheryl Decker (Zion NP), and Kezia Nielson (Zion NP). —W. Fertig

17 Utah Native Plant Society

US Fish and Wildlife Service Updating Utah‘s Endangered and Candidate Plant List By Walter Fertig

Far from being a static document, the government‘s official list of en- dangered and threatened plants and animals is frequently revised as new and better information becomes available. Several changes in Utah‘s roster of listed and candidate plant species have occurred in recent months or are being proposed in the near future. Some of these changes are summarized below: Maguire‘s daisy proposed for de- listing: When it was first listed as endangered in 1984, Erigeron maguirei was known from a single population containing 7 individuals and was thought to be highly threat- ened by mining, energy exploration, and grazing activities in the San Above: Maguire’s daisy (Erigeron group of environmental organiza- Rafael Swell of Emery County, Utah. maguirei), a Navajo sandstone en- tions and concerned citizens to list Subsequent surveys and taxonomic demic of central Utah being proposed the plant as threatened. Goose revisions resulted in an increase in for de-listing due to recovery. Photo Creek milkvetch is endemic to the by Tom and Debi Clark, NPS. the number of known populations Goose Creek drainage in extreme and expanded the species‘ range to northwest Utah (Box Elder County) include the Waterpocket Fold area recovery plan have been met and and adjacent portions of Cassia of Wayne and Garfield counties. As de-listing is warranted. County, Idaho and Elko County, Ne- a result, the Service changed the A final decision on de-listing is vada. The entire range of the spe- status of Maguire‘s daisy to threat- still pending. If dropped, E. cies fits within an area that is 20 ened in 1996*. maguirei would continue to be miles long x 4 miles wide. Astraga- In May 2008, USFWS published monitored for at least 5 years to lus anserinus is a mat-forming per- a notice in the Federal Register pro- ensure that populations remain ennial legume with pinkish-purple posing to drop the species from the viable. flowers and gray-hairy leaves and Endangered Species list altogether Goose Creek milkvetch added to occurs only on ashy-tuffaceous soils based on its successful recovery. Candidate List: In September within sparsely vegetated sagebrush Field surveys conducted by Debi 2009, the USFWS added Astraga- communities. Extensive areas of its Clark and the interagency botany lus anserinus to its official roster native habitat burned in a wildfire in team based out of Capitol Reef Na- of candidate species being consid- 2007, resulting in population losses tional Park since 1999 have greatly ered for listing under the ESA in of up to 98% at some sites. Histor- increased the number of individual Utah. The ruling came in re- plants (now believed to exceed sponse to a petition by Red 164,000) and documented that Willow Research Inc. and a threats to its slickrock and slot can- yon habitat are minimal. Additional long-term monitoring studies by Right: Goose Creek milkvetch Renee Van Buren and Kim Harper (Astragalus anserinus), a local have found populations to be stable. endemic of the Goose Creek The Service now believes that the drainage in NW Utah and adja- intended goals of the Maguire daisy cent Nevada and Idaho, and an “Extremely High” priority spe- cies in the UNPS ranking sys- *Endangered plants are legally defined as tem. Illustration by Kaye those in danger of extinction throughout all of Thorne. their range, while threatened species are those that are likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. Protective measures are comparable for endangered and threat- ened species under the ESA.

18 Sego Lily November 2009 32 (6) ically, this habitat burned infre- quently (only every 60-110 years), but with increased cover of cheat- grass and other annuals, fires now may occur every 10 years. Past monitoring studies have shown that populations fluctuate widely from year to year, suggesting mature plants are either short-lived or ex- hibit periods of prolonged dormancy below ground. So far, recovery after the wildfires has been slow due to the apparent loss of a seed bank and direct mortality of mature plants. In its finding, the service agreed with the data supplied by petitioners and its own research that listing un- der the ESA is warranted for Goose ment. With the recognition of Above: Frisco wild buckwheat Creek milkvetch. Actual listing is these taxa, the total number of (Eriogonum soredium), an endemic of limestone outcrops in the vicinity of the precluded at this time, as the agency listed threatened or endangered plant species in Utah has increased old mining area of Frisco in western has other listing and recovery ac- Beaver County. It co-occurs on whitish, to 25 (full list on page 5). tions that are more pressing given barren stony slopes with Lepidium os- their budget and man-power restric- Ten Utah plants being consid- tleri and Trifolium friscanum, two other tions. As a candidate, A. anserinus ered for candidate status following San Francisco Mountain endemics also does not receive full protection un- petition: In 2007 USFWS was peti- being considered by USFWS as poten- der the ESA, but partner agencies tioned by WildEarth Guardians to tial candidates for ESA protection. (such as the BLM which manages list 206 plant and animal species Photo by Douglas N. Reynolds. most of the plant‘s habitat) are en- from the western United States couraged to take greater actions on under the ESA. On August 18, the the species‘ behalf. Service responded to the petition Ten Utah Plant Species Being One threatened cactus becomes by initiating a status review of 29 Considered for Candidate Status three: In September 2009, the Ser- species for which the petitioners by USFWS vice officially recognized that the submitted sufficient information federally threatened Uinta Basin to substantiate an action. Of these Astragalus hamiltonii (Hamilton‘s hookless cactus (Sclerocactus glau- 29, 10 are native plants found in milkvetch), Uinta Basin endemic cus) is really comprised of three dis- Utah (see sidebar at right). Astragalus iselyi (Isely‘s milkvetch), restricted to the foothills of the La tinct taxonomic entities. Sclerocac- USFWS will now develop a status review document for each species Sals tus glaucus, in the strict sense, is Astragalus sabulosus (Cisco milkvetch) to determine if any warrant poten- now known only from northwestern Cryptantha semiglabra (Pipe Spring Colorado and has been given the tial listing based on the Service‘s 5 cryptanth), Arizona Strip in vicinity of new common name of Colorado main listing factors (present or Fredonia and Pipe Spring and histori- hookless cactus. The two new spe- threatened destruction, modifica- cally in adjacent southern Utah) cies are each endemic to the Uinta tion or curtailment of habitat or Eriogonum soredium (Frisco wild Basin of northeastern Utah and are range; over-utilization; disease, or buckwheat), endemic to the San Fran- now each afforded threatened status predation; inadequacy of existing ciso Mountains, Beaver County, UT Lepidium ostleri (Ostler‘s pepperwort), of their own. Ouray cactus, or as the regulatory mechanisms; or other man-made or natural factors af- endemic to the San Franciso Moun- Service continues to call Uinta Basin tains, Beaver County, UT fecting continued existence). Any hookless cactus (S. wetlandicus or S. Lesquerella navajoensis (Navajo blad- whipplei var. glaucus in Welsh‘s A of these species that meet the cri- derpod), reported in Utah from the Utah Flora) is the more widespread teria of listing will be recom- White Cliffs in Kane County, but may of the two and can be recognized by mended for candidate status by be a hybrid or a new population of its larger stems, bigger flowers, and USFWS and published in the Fed- Physaria (Lesquerella) rubicundula hookless central spines. Pariette eral Register for public comment. var. tumulosa. cactus (S. brevispinus or S. whipplei The Service is currently seeking Penstemon flowersii (Flowers‘ pen- stemon), Uinta Basin var. ilseae) differs in having very information on the distribution, abundance, and biology of these Penstemon gibbensii (Gibbens‘ pen- short, spherical stems and short stemon), Browns Park, northeast UT species relevant to the five listing (often absent) hooked central Trifolium franciscanum (Frisco clover), spines. Both of the Utah species are factors. endemic to the San Franciso Moun- highly threatened from over- tains, Beaver County, UT collection and loss of habitat from mineral exploration and develop-

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