Cocteau En La Cerámica

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Cocteau En La Cerámica Jean Cocteau «en la cerámica» Cocteau y la cerámica Cocteau et la céramique 25 Explicación Castellano Explicación frances 25 Jean Cocteau nació en París en1889 y como muchos hombres de esa época, aún es joven cuando descubre la guerra y su séquito de horrores. En 1916, a su vuelta del frente, llega a París y frecuenta a los artistas e intelectuales de Montparnasse, donde conoce, entre otros, a Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob, etc. ¡Encuentros fundamentales cuando se tiene poco más de veinte años! Picasso le pasa 8 años y su amistad durará hasta la muerte del poeta. Cocteau, paralelamente a una obra literaria inmensa, a una doble carrera de dramaturgo y cineasta, toda su vida dibujará y practicará las técnicas plásticas más diversas, abordando la pintura, las diferentes formas del grabado, la tapicería, etc., y al final de su vida, la cerámica, en la que se expresa libremente su universo poético. Es el ejemplo por excelencia del artista multidisciplinar adelantado a su tiempo. Es evidente que su enfoque de la unión de la tierra con el fuego es consecuencia de un largo compañerismo y de una sólida amistad con el pintor español. Asimismo se debe a su acer - camiento geográfico en la Costa Azul, que conlleva encuentros periódicos entre los dos hombres. Jean Cocteau est né à Paris en1889 et comme beaucoup d’hommes, à cette époque, il est encore jeune lorsqu’il découvre la guerre et son cortège d’horreurs. En 1916, à son retour du front des opérations militaires, il regagne Paris et fréquente les artistes et intellectuels de Montparnasse, où il rencontre, entre autres, Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob,… Des rencontres essentielles lorsque l’on a qu’un peu plus de vingt ans!. Picasso est son aîné de huit années et leur amitié durera jusqu’à la mort du poète. Cocteau, parallèlement à une œuvre littéraire immense, à une double carrière de dramaturge et de cinéaste, aura toute sa vie dessiné et pratiqué les techniques plastiques les plus diverses, abordant la peinture, les différentes formes de l’estampe, la tapisserie, etc…, puis à la fin de sa vie, la céramique où s’exprime alors librement son univers poétique. Il est l’exemple même de l’artiste multidisciplinaire avant son temps. C’est une évidence que son approche de l’union de la terre et du feu est la conséquence d’un long compagnonnage et d’une solide amitié avec le peintre espagnol. C’est aussi le fait d’un rapprochement géographique sur la Côte d’Azur, qui entraîne des rencontres régulières entre les deux hommes. 25 Es preciso recordar que cuando Picasso, que vivía en Vallauris, realizó una increíble pro - ducció n de formas y colores en los talleres de cerámica de Madoura-Ramié, a unos treinta kilómetros de allí, Jean Cocteau tatuaba con grafismos de color los muros blancos de la Villa Santo Sospiro, donde le alojaba su protectora Madame Francine Weisweiller. Por tanto, es a través de su amigo Pablo como se acercará, con cierta reserva, a la cerámica. «…Picasso me había dicho que si ponía una cerámica en el horno, estaba perdido. Pero siempre me ha gustado perderme en placeres…» Unas cuantas pruebas le convencerán rápidamente y muy pronto brotarán proyectos de su mente. Se trata, principalmente de aplicaciones gráficas en superficies definidas, pero a veces, como su veterano amigo, se atreverá a abordar y a crear volúmenes. Jean Cocteau llevaba un diario en el que, cada noche, resumía los acontecimientos del día. Esas notas recopiladas en unas libretas serán, con el tiempo, publicadas bajo el título «Passé défini. Journal». Gracias a esas obras, poco a poco hemos aprendido a conocerle mejor y también descubrimos gran parte del último siglo a través de los ojos de uno de sus más bri - llantes actores y testigos, y de los oídos de un hombre ineludible en el escenario cultural. Il faut se rappeler que quand Picasso, vivant à Vallauris, réalisait une incroyable production de formes et de couleurs dans les ateliers de céramique Madoura-Ramié, à quelques trente kilo - mètres de là, Jean Cocteau « tatouait » de graphismes colorés les murs blancs de la Villa Santo Sospiro, où l’hébergeait sa protectrice Madame Francine Weisweiller. C’est donc par son ami Pablo qu’il approchera, avec une certaine réserve, la céramique. « …Picasso m’avait dit que si je mettais une céramique au four, j’étais perdu. Mais j’ai toujours eu le goût de me perdre avec délices… » Quelques essais vont très vite le convaincre et des projets germeront rapidement dans son esprit. Il s’agit essentiellement d’applications graphiques sur des surfaces définies, mais quelques fois, à l’instar de son aîné, il se risquera à appréhender et créer des volumes. Quotidiennement, Jean Cocteau tenait un journal dans lequel, chaque soir, il résumait les évé - nements de la journée. Ces notes rassemblées dans des carnets, sont, au fil du temps, publiées sous le titre de « Passé défini. Journal ». Par ces ouvrages, peu à peu, nous apprenons à mieux le connaître, mais aussi nous découvrons une grande part du siècle dernier observé par les yeux d’un de ses plus brillants acteur et témoin, écouté par les oreilles d’un homme incontournable de la scène culturelle. 25 En el tomo V (diario 1956-1957) de esta obra de memorias que acaba de ser publicada por la editorial Gallimard, relata, el 9 de agosto de 1956: «… Almuerzo en casa de Picasso. Me hace dibujar una losa que recubre después con un barniz para la prueba en el horno». Después, el jueves 13 de septiembre, cuando está decorando la Capilla de Villefranche-sur- Mer, escribe: «La fábrica de ladrillos es admirable, noble, baja, descolorida, recorrida por panaderos fantasmas que amasan la pasta, la cortan y la cuecen. El fuego decide los tonos profundos. He elegido mis colores básicos. El fuego hará el resto». Se trata de la realización de los candelabros con ojo y de la cabeza de Cristo en cruz. «…Nada hay más bello que la materia de lava y de cerámica flameada con la que la tejería ejecuta mis candelabros de Venecia. Los candelabros y el triángulo del Cristo no sólo se colocarán en la pared, sino que serán incrustados en ella…» Dans le tome V. (journal 1956-1957) de ce recueil de mémoires qui vient de paraître aux édi - tions Gallimard, il rapporte, le 9 août 1956 : « … Déjeuner chez Picasso. Il me fait dessiner une dalle qu’il recouvre ensuite de vernis pour l’épreuve du four. » Puis le jeudi 13 septembre, alors qu’il est en train de réaliser la décoration de la Chapelle de Villefranche-sur-Mer, il écrit : « La briqueterie est admirable, noble, basse, blême, parcourue par des boulangers fantômes qui brassent la pâte, la découpent et la cuisent. Le feu décide les teintes profondes. J’ai choisi mes couleurs de base. Le feu fera le reste. » Il s’agit là de la réalisation des chandeliers avec l’œil et de la tête du Christ en croix. … « Rien n’est plus beau que la matière de lave et de céramique flambée dont la tuilerie exécute mes candélabres de Venise. Les candélabres et le triangle du Christ ne seront pas seulement appliqués, mais incrustés dans le mur. » ….. 25 Al año siguiente, el 19 de diciembre de 1957, anota: «Acabo de repasar los proyectos de platos (tres formatos). Merecen ser ejecutados por un artesano de primer orden. Cuento con probar con el tipo de Villefranche y si no me satisface, me las arreglaré, bien con Claude Renoir (que me lo ha pedido) o con Vallauris». El «tipo» del que habla aquel día se llama Philippe Madeline. Cuando Cocteau le conoce, así como a su esposa Madeleine Jolly, surge casi de inmediato una amistad y se establece una estrecha colaboración. Así lo relata en su «carta a mis amigos americanos»: «Mis amigos los Madeline con los que trabajo, poseen una especie de pequeña granja en el monte de Villefranche donde me ayudan a moldear y decorar (tatuar sería más exacto) el barro»… Pronto el entusiasmo se apodera del poeta quien, en pocos años, producirá con ellos más de trescientas cerámicas y dibujará joyas y poemas-objeto. L’année suivante, le 19 décembre 1957, il note : « Je viens de revoir les projets d’assiettes (trois formats). Ils valent la peine d’être exécutés par un artisan de premier ordre. Je compte essayer le type de Villefranche et s’il ne me donne pas satisfaction, je m’arrangerai soit avec Claude Renoir (qui me le demande) soit avec Vallauris. » Le « type » dont il parle ce jour là, s’appelle Philippe Madeline. Lorsque Cocteau va le rencon - trer ainsi que son épouse Madeleine Jolly, très vite, une véritable amitié va naître et une étroite collaboration s’installer. Il le rapporte dans sa lettre « à mes amis américains » : « Mes amis Madeline avec qui je travaille possèdent l’espèce de petite ferme sur la montagne de Villefranche où ils m’assistent, m’aident à modeler et décorer (ou tatouer serait plus exact) la terre. »… L’enthousiasme gagne vite le poète qui en quelques années va produire avec eux plus de trois cents céramiques et dessiner des bijoux et des poèmes - objets. 25 En el siguiente volumen de «Passé défini» que va a ser publicado por la editorial Gallimard, y que cubrirá el año 1958, Cocteau relata los maravillosos y raros momentos de alegría y el des - cubrimiento de una intima comunión: «Lo que asombra a unos y a otros es mi facultad de trabajo que atribuyen al «touchatoutisme» («tocatodoismo»), cuando es una lucha feroz contra el vacío y la angustia de ser.
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