Somalia: "We Live in Perpetual Fear"
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Decentralization and Service Delivery in Somaliland A
DECENTRALIZATION AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN SOMALILAND A Thesis Presented to the School of Postgraduate Studies and Research of Kampala International University Kampala, Uganda In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Public Administration and Management By: Ahmed Abdillahi Dualeh M PA/40296/9 1/DF August, 2011 DECLARATION A “This thesis is my origina’ work and has never been presented for a Degree or any other academic award in any University or Institution of Learning”. u2A~ ~tQL Name and Signature of Candidate Date DECLARATION B TTJ confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under my supervision”. Ben’amin Bella Oluka PHD Candidate Name and Signature of Supervisor ~ Date APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled Decentralization and service delivery in Somaliland, prepared and submitted by Ahmed Abdillahi Dualeh in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Public Administration and Management has been examined and approved by the panel on oral examination with a grade of: PASSED Dr ~ i2~~ ~ Name and Sig. of Chairman ~ _________ Name and Sig. of Supervisor Name and Sig. of Panelist ‘ ç~~3—i- M—1 ~ Name and Sig. of Panelist Name and Sig. of Panelist Date of Comprehensive Examination: Grade: Name and Sig. of Director, SPGSR Name and Sig. of DVC, SPGS DEDICATION I dedicated this thesis to my old brother Abdirahman Abdillahi Dualeh, My wonderful parents, mum Milgo Daud Egal and Dad Abdillahi Dualeh Ajab and my beloved wife Hamda Mohmed Hussein. 1~ ACKNOWLEDGMENT Foremost, I am grateful to Allah for seeing me through my years of university education. -
Electronic Communication and an Oral Culture: the Dynamics of Somali Websites and Mailing Lists
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION AND AN ORAL CULTURE: THE DYNAMICS OF SOMALI WEBSITES AND MAILING LISTS BY ABDISALAM M. ISSA-SALWE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THAMES VALLEY UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CENTRE FOR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND TECHNOLOGY THAMES VALLEY UNIVERSITY SUPERVISORS: DR. ANTHONY OLDEN, THAMES VALLEY UNIVERSITY EMERITUS PROFESSOR I M LEWIS, LSE, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON EXAMINERS: PROFESSOR CHRISTINE MCCOURT, THAMES VALLEY UNIVERSITY DR. MARTIN ORWIN, SOAS, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON NOVEMBER 2006 TO MY WIFE HAWO, MY CHILDREN MOHAMED-NASIR, MOHAMUD, ALI, HAFSA-YALAH, HAMDA, SHARMARKE AND YUSUF-HANAD ACKNOWLEDGMENT Foremost, I would like to thank to the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics (CARA) who helped in funding my studies. I would like to thank my thesis advisors, Dr. Tony Olden (Thames Valley University) and Emeritus Professor I M Lewis (London School of Economics) for their continuous encouragement, optimism and confidence in me to make it possible to write this dissertation. Both Dr. Olden and Emeritus Professor Lewis put an enormous amount of time and effort into supervision. Likewise, this study has been enhanced through the incisive comments of Dr Stephen Roberts (Thames Valley University). I also appreciate the advice of Dr Mohamed D. Afrax and Abdullahi Salah Osman who read and commented on the manuscript of this dissertation. I am also thankful to Ahmed Mohamud H Jama (Nero) who allowed me to have useful material relevant to my research; Dr. Ebyan Salah who solicited female correspondents to reply to the research questionnaires. I am also grateful to Said Mohamed Ali (Korsiyagaab) and Ismail Said Aw-Muse (PuntlandState.com) who gave me permission to use their websites statistics. -
Thank You. I Want to Thank Michael for His Opening Remarks, and Michael and Steve for Hosting Me Here Today
“The United States - Africa Partnership: The Last Four Years and Beyond” Assistant Secretary Carson The Wilson Center, Washington DC As Prepared Version Thank you. I want to thank Michael for his opening remarks, and Michael and Steve for hosting me here today. I also want to thank all of the distinguished guests in the audience, including members of the diplomatic corps and colleagues from the think tank community. It is an honor to speak to such a distinguished group of leaders who, like me, are so committed to Africa. Let me also thank my wife, Anne. She and I have spent most of our lives working on Africa, and nothing that I have accomplished would have been possible without her advice, partnership, and support. My interest in Africa started in the mid-1960s when I served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Tanzania. The 1960s was a time of great promise for Africa. As newly independent nations struggled to face what many regarded as the insurmountable challenges of democracy, development, and economic growth, newly independent people looked forward to embracing an era of opportunity and optimism. This promise also inspired me to enter the Foreign Service. After more than forty years of experience in Africa, three Ambassadorships, and now four years as Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, I have experienced first- hand Africa’s triumphs, tragedies, and progress. And despite Africa's -2- uneven progress, I remain deeply optimistic about Africa’s future. This optimism is grounded in expanding democracy, improved security, rapid economic growth, and greater opportunities for Africa’s people. -
NAIROBI by D.W.Greenwood
Abth&FIT . REPORT on THE ADMINISTRATION and PROPOSED REORGANISATION of THE LANDS OFFICE of the MUNICIPALITY OF MOGADISHL SOMALIA p 3pared for REGIONAL'HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OFFICE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NAIROBI by D.W.Greenwood, Chartered Surveyor University of Technolgy, Lae Papua New Guinea Authar 7F& CONTENTS Introduction 1 Part 1. Review of Existing Organisation 3 General 3 Establishment 4' Allocation of Land (Temporary Permits) 6,, Permanent Leases 8 Design & Survey Office 10.: Field Survey 12 House tax 13 Summary 14 Part 2. Land Law 15" Part 3. Recommendations 25 Introduction 25 Institutional Organisation 26 Divisional Organisation 28 General 28' Survey & Engineering Division 29 Land Administration Division 32" General 32 Residential Land Allocation 32 Temporary Permits 32 Permanent Leases 35 Other Land 37 Land Registry 38 Appraisal 40 Accounting 41 Administration 41 Disputes 41 -Proposed Establishment 42 Finance 43 Implementation 45 Training -47 Equipment 48 Topographic Mapping 49 Cadastral Survey & Land Regstration 50 ,APPENDICES A Computerisation 52 B Draft mapping-specifIcation 54 C Draft Land Registration law 65 D Draft cadastral survey project specification 78 E Law NolO: 17th December 1980 .82 F Existing forms 95 Temporary permit Permanent lease House tax forms G Draft new application form -101 H Summary of findings 102 I Map of Districts of Mogadishu 106 Aiith-dr'Ff1. INTRODUCTION I was engaged by the Regional Housing and Urban Development Office of A.I.D., Nairobi, through the Land Tenure Centre, University of Wisconsin to visit Somalia and advise on the re-organisarion of the Lands Office of the Municipal Government of Mogadishu. -
Country of Origin Information Report Somalia July 2008
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT SOMALIA 30 JULY 2008 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE 30 JULY 2008 SOMALIA Contents Preface LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN SOMALIA, FROM 4 JULY 2008 TO 30 JULY 2008 REPORTS ON SOMALIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 4 JULY 2008 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.04 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 Currency change, 2008 ................................................................ 2.06 Drought and famine, 2008 ........................................................... 2.10 Telecommunications.................................................................... 2.14 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Collapse of central government and civil war ........................... 3.01 Peace initiatives 2000-2006 ......................................................... 3.14 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 3.19 ‘Puntland’ Regional Administration............................................ 3.20 The ‘Republic of Somaliland’ ...................................................... 3.21 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION ......................................................................................... -
Tahir, Abdifatah I.Pdf
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details URBAN GOVERNANCE, LAND CONFLICTS AND SEGREGATION IN HARGEISA, SOMALILAND: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CONTEMPORARY DYNAMICS ABDIFATAH I TAHIR This thesis is submitted to the Department of Geography, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) OCTOBER 1, 2016 DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY SCHOOL OF GLOBAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX 1 | Page ORIGINALITY STATEMENT I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature 2 | Page I. ABSTRACT This thesis offers an explanation for why urban settlement in Somaliland’s capital city of Hargeisa is segregated along clan lines. The topic of urban segregation has been neglected in both classic Somali studies, and recent studies of post-war state-building and governance in Somaliland. Such negligence of urban governance in debates over state-making stems from a predominant focus on national and regional levels, which overlooks the institutions governing cities. -
Rethinking the Somali State
Rethinking the Somali State MPP Professional Paper In Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Public Policy Degree Requirements The Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs The University of Minnesota Aman H.D. Obsiye May 2017 Signature below of Paper Supervisor certifies successful completion of oral presentation and completion of final written version: _________________________________ ____________________ ___________________ Dr. Mary Curtin, Diplomat in Residence Date, oral presentation Date, paper completion Paper Supervisor ________________________________________ ___________________ Steven Andreasen, Lecturer Date Second Committee Member Signature of Second Committee Member, certifying successful completion of professional paper Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 5 The Somali Clan System .......................................................................................................... 6 The Colonial Era ..................................................................................................................... 9 British Somaliland Protectorate ................................................................................................. 9 Somalia Italiana and the United Nations Trusteeship .............................................................. 14 Colonial -
Somalia Terror Threat
THECHRISTOPHER TERROR February 12, THREAT FROM THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF AL SHABAAB CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH APPENDICES AND MAPS BY KATHERINE ZIMMERMAN FEBRUARY 12, 2010 A REPORT BY THE CRITICAL THREATS PROJECT OF THE AMERICAN ENTERPRISE INSTITUTE THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH February 12, 2010 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 IMPORTANT GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS IN SOMALIA 3 NOTABLE INDIVIDUALS 4 INTRODUCTION 8 ORIGINS OF AL SHABAAB 10 GAINING CONTROL, GOVERNING, AND MAINTAINING CONTROL 14 AL SHABAAB’S RELATIONSHIP WITH AL QAEDA, THE GLOBAL JIHAD MOVEMENT, AND ITS GLOBAL IDEOLOGY 19 INTERNATIONAL RECRUITING AND ITS IMPACT 29 AL SHABAAB’S INTERNATIONAL THREATS 33 THREAT ASSESSMENT AND CONCLUSION 35 APPENDIX A: TIMELINE OF MAJOR SECURITY EVENTS IN SOMALIA 37 APPENDIX B: MAJOR SUICIDE ATTACKS AND ASSASSINATIONS CLAIMED BY OR ATTRIBUTED TO AL SHABAAB 47 NOTES 51 Maps MAP OF THE HORN OF AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST 5 POLITICAL MAP OF SOMALIA 6 MAP OF ISLAMIST-CONTROLLED AND INFLUENCED AREAS IN SOMALIA 7 www.criticalthreats.org THE TERROR THREAT FROM SOMALIA CHRISTOPHER HARNISCH February 12, 2010 Executive Summary hree hundred people nearly died in the skies of and assassinations. Al Shabaab’s primary objectives at TMichigan on Christmas Day, 2009 when a Niger- the time of the Ethiopian invasion appeared to be ian terrorist attempted to blow up a plane destined geographically limited to Somalia, and perhaps the for Detroit. The terrorist was an operative of an al Horn of Africa. The group’s rhetoric and behavior, Qaeda franchise based in Yemen called al Qaeda in however, have shifted over the past two years reflect- the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). -
Food Market and Supply Situation in Southern Somalia
Food Market and Supply Situation in Southern Somalia October 2011 Issa Sanogo 2 Acknowledgement This report is drawn from the findings of a programme mission by Annalisa Conte, Issa Sanogo and Simon Clements from August 30th to September 20th, which was undertaken to assess the suitability of cash-and-voucher based responses in southern Somalia. I wish to acknowledge valuable contributions made by various WFP Headquarters and country office colleagues, namely Rogerio Bonifacio, Oscar Caccavale, Simon Clements, Migena Cumani, Maliki Amadou Mahamane, Nichola Peach, and Francesco Slaviero. Many thanks also to Joyce Luma, Arif Husain and Mario Musa for proof reading the report. Many thanks to the Senior Management of WFP Somalia Country Office, Logistic, Procurement, Programme, Security and VAM staff who provided valuable insights and helped at various stages of this mission. I wish also to thank various partners (INGOs, Local NGOs, UN Organizations, Bilateral and Multilateral Organizations and Technical Partners) and traders for making time available to provide the mission with valuable field updates and perspectives. Secondary data, comments and suggestions provided by FAO, FSNAU and FEWSNET are fully acknowledged. While I acknowledge the contributions made by all the partners in various ways, I take full responsibility for the outcome. 3 I. Summary of Findings ............................................................................................................ 5 II. Markets and Supply Conditions ............................................................................................ -
Human Rights and Security in Central and Southern Somalia
Danish 2/2004 Immigration Service ENG Human rights and security in central and southern Somalia Joint Danish, Finnish, Norwegian and British fact-finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya 7- 21 January 2004 Copenhagen, March 2004 The Danish Immigration Service Ryesgade 53 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: + 45 35 36 66 00 Website: www.udlst.dk E-mail: [email protected] List of reports on fact finding missions in 2003 and 2004 Sikkerheds- og beskyttelsesforhold for minoritetsbefolkninger, kvinder og børn i Somalia Marts 2003: 1 Menneskerettighedsforhold i Burundi Maj 2003: 2 Dobbeltstraf mv. i Serbien Maj 2003:3 Joint British-Danish Fact Finding Mission to Damascus, Amman and Geneva on Conditions in Iraq August 2003: 4 Indrejse- og opholdsbetingelser for statsløse palæstinensere i Libanon November 2003: 5 Sikkerheds- og menneskeretsforhold for rohingyaer i Burma og Bangladesh December 2003: 6 Fact-finding mission til Amman vedrørende asylrelevante forhold i Irak Januar 2004: 1 Human rights and security in central and southern Somalia Marts 2004 : 2 Human rights and security in central and southern Somalia Introduction........................................................................................................................5 1 Political developments ...................................................................................................7 1.1 Peace negotiations in Kenya ......................................................................................................7 1.2 Agreement on new Transitional Charter..................................................................................10 -
Shabelle Relief and Development Organization (SHARDO)
Shabelle Relief and Development Organization (SHARDO) ASSESSMENT REPORT ON THE MECHANISMS AND NEEDS OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN JOWHAR, ADALE AND ADAN YABAL, WARSHEIKH DISTRICITS OF MIDDLE SHABELLE REGION. 1. General principles: Name of the implementing Agency Shabelle Relief and Development Organization (SHARDO) Name of the Funding Agency Somali – Swedish Intellectual Banadir Organization (SIBO) Assessment Period: 1st – 10th December 2007 Reporting Period: 15th December 2007 Contact Person: Mohamed Ahmed Moallim Tell: +252 1 644449 Mobile: +252 1 5513089 Email: [email protected] 1 2. Contents 1. General Principles Page 1 2. Contents 2 3. Introduction 3 4. General Objective 3 5. Specific Objective 3 6. General and Social demographic, economical Mechanism in Middle Shabelle region 4 1.1 Farmers 5 1.2 Agro – Pastoralists 5 1.3 Adale District 7 1.4 Fishermen 2 3. Introduction: Middle Shabelle is located in the south central zone of Somalia The region borders: Galgadud to the north, Hiran to the West, Lower Shabelle and Banadir regions to the south and the Indian Ocean to the east. A pre – war census estimated the population at 1.4 million and today the regional council claims that the region’s population is 1.6 million. The major clans are predominant Hawie and shiidle. Among hawiye clans: Abgal, Galjecel, monirity include: Mobilen, Hawadle, Kabole and Hilibi. The regional consists of seven (7) districts: Jowhar – the regional capital, Bal’ad, Adale, A/yabal, War sheikh, Runirgon and Mahaday. The region supports livestock production, rain-fed and gravity irrigated agriculture and fisheries, with an annual rainfall between 150 and 500 millimeters covering an area of approximately 60,000 square kilometers, the region has a 400 km coastline on Indian Ocean. -
(I) the SOCIAL STRUCTUBE of Soumn SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?
(i) THE SOCIAL STRUCTUBE OF SOumN SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?lling A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London. October 197]. (ii) SDMMARY The subject is the social structure of a southern Somali community of about six thousand people, the Geledi, in the pre-colonial period; and. the manner in which it has reacted to colonial and other modern influences. Part A deals with the pre-colonial situation. Section 1 deals with the historical background up to the nineteenth century, first giving the general geographic and ethnographic setting, to show what elements went to the making of this community, and then giving the Geledj's own account of their history and movement up to that time. Section 2 deals with the structure of the society during the nineteenth century. Successive chapters deal with the basic units and categories into which this community divided both itself and the others with which it was in contact; with their material culture; with economic life; with slavery, which is shown to have been at the foundation of the social order; with the political and legal structure; and with the conduct of war. The chapter on the examines the politico-religious office of the Sheikh or Sultan as the focal point of the community, and how under successive occupants of this position, the Geledi became the dominant power in this part of Somalia. Part B deals with colonial and post-colonial influences. After an outline of the history of Somalia since 1889, with special reference to Geledi, the changes in society brought about by those events are (iii) described.