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Thirty-Sixth Annual Report Financial Year 1954-55

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Thirty-Sixth Annual Report Financial Year 1954-55 1955-5G VICTOHIA FORESTS COMMISSION OF VICTORIA AUSTRALIA THIRTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT FINANCIAL YEAR 1954-55 PRESKNTED TO JH.JTH HOFSES 01' PARLIAl\lEl\T PUHSCAN'l' TO AC'I' ~o. 36BJ. S~;CTIO:'\ 40. fAppro:dm(Ue Oo6t of flpporl,-Preparatiuu uot given, llJ'int.in;:.:: (l,ROO P,(lpies), .t:nO.j By Authority : \V M. HOC SI 001, GOVERNME:"T PRINTER, !v!ELBOURNE :'\o. 40.-11'. !Ju.J-lli38/56. CONTENTS PAGE 7 SILVICGLTURE oF lNDIGE:"Iious FoRESTs 8 SuRvEYS AXD FoREST AssESS:\IENT 11 FoREST E:-miNEERING 12 13 FIRE PROTECTIOX 16 20 l}rTI.IZATIOX - 20 Sawn Timber Statistics ; Timber Production ; Pulpwood Production; Output of Produce from State Foreflt~. I~DU8TRTAL CoxlHTIONS AJ:\D E.\IPLOYMEN'l' 23 lNilUSTRL\1, CNDER'IAKH\GS 24 24 24 EDUCATION 25 School of Forestry; t:niversity of Melhourue. VHH'AL PUBLICITY 25 STAFF AND AD)IJNTSTRATlON 26 FINANCIAL RTA1'EMENTS, W54.-55 27 Summary of Depa.rtmental Collections ; Hummary of Loan Expenditure; Expenditure from Loans Current ; Forestry Fund ; Revenue and Appropriated Expenditure ; Forestg Stores Suspense Account; Forest>; Plant an(l Machinery Fund ; State Sawmill, Erica. FORESTS COMMISSION OF VICTORIA 'l'reasury Gardens, Me1bourne. C.2. ANNUAL REPORT 1954-55 In compliance with the provisions of Section 40 of the Forests Act 1928. No. 3685, the Forests Commission has the honour to present to Parliament the following report of its activities and financial statements for the financia] year 1954-55. A. 0. LAWRENCE, Commissioner. C. M. EWART, Commissioner. G. K. COCKBURN, Secretary. Melbourne. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FORESTS COMMISSION OF VICTORIA FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30TH JUNE, 195 5. The upward trend in the timber industry noted in the Report r·or the tmanc1a1 year 1953-54 was maintained and the output of log timber from State forests sho·wed a substantial increase over the production for that year. Gross expenditure for the year totalled £2,857,062, of which £446,961 represents loan expenditure on the construction of timber extraction roads, excluding the cost ef roading in softwood plantations and roads constructed primarily for fire protect~on purposes. The Commission anticipates being faced with continued heavy expenditure on this item for a number of years ahead in order to render aecessible and bring into production areas of prime sawmilling forests located in diffieult mountain country in the eastern half of the State. This road building programme is essential and urgent in order to meet the intensive demand for high-grade seasoning quality hardwood timber. During the past year, activities have been concentrated principally on the extension of major developmental routes to tap virgin stands of mountain ash and alpine ash in the Otways, on the King and Howqua river headwaters in the north-east, and on the Dividing Range in the vieinity of 1\It. Skenc in the 2\iacalister forest district in central Gippsland. The proper management of Yictoria's hardwood forests demands cffeetive utilization of the timber erop. This can be accomplished only through the development of markets to utilize trees of infe-rior quality and low-grade material not eeonomically utilizable for production of saivn timber or other superior uses. Such material has been shown suitable for the manufacture. of paper pulp, synthetic boards, and similar products by chemical or mechanical processing, but industries already established for its conversion arc capable of using only a meagre fraction of the total volume available. It is to the Ptate's advantage to encourage the development of this type of industry and, for some time past. negotiations have been in train for the establishment of a hardboard manufacturing plant which, if brought to a successful conclusion, will result in economic utilization 'on a large scale of what, at present, is virtually waste wood. At the close of the financial year under revic\v, preliminary tests of the suitability of the raw material available were being carried out, and an agreement between the parties eovering the conditions Ender which the industry will operate is in course of preparation. FOREST AREA. Area of reserved forest at BOth June. 1955. was at< follows Aeres. Permanent Forest 4,772.204 Timber Heserves 7Hi,6:1:3 Total 5.488,8:17 The only change gazetted during the year was the addition of ~105,500 acres to permanent forest under Section 52 (1) of the Forest Act HJ28. This area comprised 205,000 aeres of Crown lands within the catchment of the Big river. a tributary of tht> Eildon Heservoir, embracing high-quality" mountain ash and alpine ash forest, 91,500 acres in tht> Tanjil~Yallourn district, and 9,000 acres of the Heytesbury Crov:n lands in the parishes of Jancourt and Carpendeit carrying messmate and stringybark forest of hiuhI:> timber production potential. In addition. 3,217 acres of private land were purehased for forestry purposes. SILVICULTURE OF INDIGENOUS FORESTS. Works undertaken during the year were as under, with comparative figures for previOus years' operations. Nature of \York. lU.-,4<·).-~. 11133-;i-1. 10fi2~5:l. 19fi}-fJ2. l9fi0-.Sl. 1937-38. --··--·~~ AereR. Arres. Acres. i Acres. Acres. Acres. First thinning 5,1 H5 3,080 3,828 ! 7,127 9,624 41,823 Second or subsequent thinning !i,26fi 6,\)06 2,370 i 6,646 2,348 10,413 Regeneration or liberation treatment .. Jl),f)\)4 7,896 4,539 4,177 7,316 16,638 13,154 10,fl93 4,606 85,859 Coppice treatment .. ! Total j 1 )l( I~ I 28,47!) ' 15,343 It will be noted that the total ncrev.ge treated \vas m excess of the annual programme for a number of years previously. In particular, regeneration fellings were considerably extended both by lieeused and departmental operations and, in most instances. merchantable yields substantially higher than \'muld be possible under norma] licensed logging procedure are being obtained from these operations, particularly in mixed stands of the stringybark-peppermint-gum t,ype. A 1:mrvey of areas treated in previous years indicates that very satisfactory seedling regeneration i8 being secured. Silvicultural work in the northern red gum forests is being concentrated on removal of over-mature and cull trees with the object of liberating advanced rcgrowth and restocking areas with growing trees of good form. Loss of increment due to the presence of large numbers of over-mature and useless trees is considerable. RESEARCH. Additional plots have been laid down to study factors affecting establishment and growth of natural seedling regeneration in red gum, box-ironbark, and native pine forests in northern Victoria. Artificial establishment of selected eucalypts and other indigenous trees by spot sowing and planting has been extended both as regards locality and range of species. Experiments have also been initiated to test the possibility of establishing Eucalyptus regnans by spot sowing on prepared contour terraces in the South Gippsland hill country in conjunction with the application of artificial fertilizers. A field project has been in progress to determine the influence of various natural factors on the establishment of seedling regeneration of Alpine Ash (E. ,qigantea) following logging operations in mature stands. ·Factors investigated include type of seed bed, seed production and dissemination. insect attack on seed, and climatic factors in relation to germination of seed and survival and development of seedlings. This investigation iK being extended. A preliminary survey to obtain information regarding natural regeneration following routine regeneration fellings in mixed forests of the stringybark-peppermint-gum type has been coneluded. The survey indicated that results to date generally are satisfactory, and a series of observation plots have been laid down with a view to securing more precise data regarding germination, survival and early growth of seedlings following such operations in different stand types. on different sites, and under various felling procedures. Further increment plots have hefm establlRlwd. In the laboratory, investigations have been continued in connexion with cold moist treatment and stratification of seed of various alpine eucalypts, particularly E. g·£gantea, and stratification of P~nus. radiata seed. Studies of the effect of temperature and light on eucalypt seed germmatwn are m progress, and standard testing of over 30 eucalypt species has been carried out. FOR8ST GRAZI:K'G. Continued attention haH been given to grazing as it affects seedling regeneration and establishment as it is realized that a more adequate S)'Stem of grazing control is warranted t.o conform with sound forestry practice. Over the past several yearH. a series of suitably designed experimental plots has been established for intensin study and. in addition, Hcveral areas emhraeing a wide variety of forest types have been dosed to grazing for Pxtended periods to allow of investigation on a much broader basis. The experimental plots have confirnwd beyond any doubt that uncontrolled grazing, whether hy sheep or by cattle, is inimical to forest interests where seedling regeneration and establishment are required. Complete elosure to grazing of larger areas has indicated that the protection so afforded has not only p<>rmitted a substantial improvement in the ground flora. but has been the means of promoting reforestation by natural seeding and by coppice regrowth follov,·ing utilization. The resting 0f forest land from grazing at. intervals i~:; d~c·sirable, not oniy horn tlw point of viev>' of encouraging establishment and devclopncent of 1egrowth, but abo to improve the associated forage it crtrries. \Yhil e rrcovery of tl1e fL·rage can usually bP ~tccomplished in a relatively short period, a much longer i11terval is needed to permit satisfactory establishment of tree seedlings. Even though a grazed forest is adequately timbered and there is no immediate 1weessity for a seedling ot coppice i'ittecession.
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