District Survey Report - 2018
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District Survey Report - 2018 DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND GEOLOGY Government of Andhra Pradesh DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT - ANANTAPURAMU DISTRICT Prepared by ANDHRA PRADESH SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE (APSAC) ITE & C Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh 2018 DMG, GoAP 1 District Survey Report - 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS APSAC wishes to place on record its sincere thanks to Sri. B.Sreedhar IAS, Secretary to Government (Mines) and the Director, Department of Mines and Geology, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for entrusting the work for preparation of District Survey Reports of Andhra Pradesh. The team gratefully acknowledge the help of the Commissioner, Horticulture Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh and the Director, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for providing valuable statistical data and literature. The project team is also thankful to all the Joint Directors, Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors and the staff of Mines and Geology Department for their overall support and guidance during the execution of this work. Also sincere thanks are due to the scientific staff of APSAC who has generated all the thematic maps. VICE CHAIRMAN APSAC DMG, GoAP 2 District Survey Report - 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page Acknowledgements List of Figures List of Tables 1 Salient Features of the District 1 Historical Background 1 1.1 Topography 1 1.2 Places of Tourist Importance 2 1.3 Rainfall and Climate 6 1.4 Winds 12 1.5 Population 13 1.6 Transportation: 14 1.7 2 Land Utilization, Forest and Slope in the District 16 Land Use / Land Cover Classification 16 2.1 Slope of Anantapuramu District 30 2.2 Forest Cover Distribution 34 2.3 3 Agriculture and Soils 36 Groundnut crop acreage estimation and yield behaviour in mid season for production estimates using Remote sensing 36 3.1 technique in Anantapuramu District of Andhra Pradesh Groundnut crop acreage during Kharif (2017) at mandal level, 38 3.2 Anantapuramu District 40 3.3 Groundnut yield behaviour Relationship between observed and predicted yield 40 3.4 3.5 Pre-Harvest Groundnut Production behaviour for Kharif, 2017 41 Bengalgram (Cicer arientinum L.) acreage estimation using satellite remote sensing data and Geographical 42 3.6 Information System in Rabi, 2016-17 44 3.7 Soils 3.8 Horticulture Development in Anantapuramu District 46 4 55 Water and Irrigation Resources of Anantapuramu District DMG, GoAP 3 District Survey Report - 2018 55 4.1 Surface Water and Irrigation Resources of the District 55 4.1.1 Rivers in Anantapuramu District 56 4.2 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects 56 4.2.1 Major Irrigation Projects 56 4.2.2 Medium Irrigation Projects 57 4.3 Minor Irrigation Tanks 59 4.4 River Basins in Anantapuramu District 61 4.5 Ground Water Prospects of Anantapuramu District 62 4.6 Geology 65 4.6.1 Mineral Resources 73 4.6.2 Geomorphology of Anantapuramu District 75 4.6.3 Landforms of fluvial origin 75 4.6.4 Landforms of Structural Origin 76 4.6.5 Landforms of Denudational origin 78 4.7 Structural Features of Anantapuramu District 80 4.8 Ground Water Prospect Zones 80 4.8.1 Ground water in Archaean Crystalline rocks 81 4.8.2 Ground Water in Cuddapah and Kurnool formations 4.8.3 Ground water in Alluvium 82 83 4.9 Ground Water Quality 5.0 Details of Major and Minor Minerals Their Production and Revenue 84 in the District 84 5.1 Administrative Set-Up of DMG in Anantapuramu District 103 References DMG, GoAP 4 District Survey Report - 2018 LIST OF FIGURES Page Fig.1 Administrative boundaries of Anantapuramu District, A.P 2 Fig.2 Important Tourist Locations in Anantapuramu 6 District, Andhra Pradesh Fig.3 Distribution of Rainfall in Anantapuramu District, 8 Andhra Pradesh Fig. 4 Distribution of Automatic Weather Stations in Anantapuramu 12 District, Andhra Pradesh Fig: 5 Mandal wise Distribution of Scheduled Caste Population and Types of Hostels and Residential Schools in Anantapuramu 14 District, Andhra Pradesh Fig. 6 Transport Network of Anantapuramu District, Andhra 15 Pradesh Fig. 7 Land use/land cover distribution in Anantapuramu District, 28 Andhra Pradesh Fig. 8 Slope map of Anantapuramu District, Andhra 32 Pradesh Fig. 9 Satellite Image Draped Over Digital Elevation Model of 33 Anantapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh Fig:10.Forest cover map of Anantapuramu District during 2015-16 35 Fig: 11 Groundnut crop acreage during Kharif (2017) at mandal level in Anantapuramu District 38 Figure:12 MODIS-250m NDVI, Fortnightly from 2008 to 2017 40 Fig:13 Average observed yield and predicted yield 40 Fig: 14 Pre-harvest fortnightly production behaviour of Kharif, 41 2017 Fig: 15 Bengalgram Cropped Area in Anantapuramu District 43 DMG, GoAP 5 District Survey Report - 2018 Fig.16 Distribution of Soil Resources in Anantapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh 45 Fig. 17 Distribution of salt-affected soils in Anantapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh 46 Fig. 18 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Anantapuramu 57 District Fig.19 Drainage, Surface Water Bodies, Basin and Sub-basin Boundaries in Anantapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh 61 Fig. 20 Geology map of Anantapuramu District, Andhra 63 Pradesh (Source GSI, 2001) Fig.21 Detailed Legend with Stratigraphic Sequence 64 of Anantapuramu District Fig.22 Geomorphological set up of Anantapuramu District, 74 Andhra Pradesh Fig. 23 Structural Features of Anantapuramu District, Andhra 79 Pradesh Fig. 24 Ground Water Prospects of Anantapuramu District, 81 Andhra Pradesh Fig.25 Network of piezometer Observation wells in Anantapuramu 82 District, Fig.26 Ground Water Quality in Anantapuramu District, Andhra 83 Pradesh LIST OF TABLES Page Table :1 Mandal Wise Average Annual Rainfall (mm) in Anantapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh 9 Table :2 Category-wise Distributions of Land use/Land Cove during 2015-16 29 Table:3 Forest Cover Distribution Of Anantapuramu District 34 Table : 4 Groundnut crop acreage during Kharif (2017) 38 Table : 5 Fortnightly production estimates and crop sown area up to 12th September, 2017 41 Table :6 Bengal gram area (ha) in Anantapuramu District 43 DMG, GoAP 6 District Survey Report - 2018 Table: 7 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Fresh Fruits with Production (MT) in Anantapuramu District (2017-18) 49 Table:8 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Vegetables with Production (MT) in Anantapuramu District (2017-18) 50 Table: 9 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Plantation with Production (MT) in Anantapuramu District (2017-18) 51 Table:10 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Spices with Production (MT) in Anantapuramu District (2017-18) 52 Table:11 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Flowers with Production (MT) in Anantapuramu District (2017-18) 52 Table: 12 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants with Production (MT) in Anantapuramu District (2017-18) 53 Table :13. Minor basin-wise distribution of tanks by each category in Anantapuramu District 59 Table :14. Hydrological units of Anantapuramu District 59 Table:14. Drainage System with Description of main rivers 60 Table:15. Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams 60 Table :16 The number of sand reaches and details of dispatches during the last three years 84 Table: 17 Statement showing the list of leases for Major and Minor Minerals and details of lease wise production and Revenue collections during the last three years pertaining to O/o ADM&G, Ananthapuramu 87 DMG, GoAP 7 District Survey Report - 2018 1. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE DISTRICT 1.1. Historical Background Ananthapuramu District was formed in the year 1882 having been separated from Bellary District. Later on, it was expanded with the addition of Revenue Mandals of Kadiri, Mudigubba, Nallamada, N.P.Kunta, Talupula, Nallacheruvu, O.D.Cheruvu, Tanakal, Amadagur and Gandlapenta (previous Kadiri Taluk) from Kadapa District in the year 1910. During the year 1956, the present Revenue Mandals of Rayadurg, D.Hirehal, Kanekal, Bommanahal and Gummagatta of Bellary District were added to Ananthapuramu District (DES, 2016). The District has been divided into 5 Revenue Divisions consisting of 63 Revenue Mandals (Ananthapuramu Division-19, Dharmavaram Division-8 and Penukonda Division-13, Kadiri Division-12, Kalyandurgam Division-11). 1.2. Topography Ananthapuramu District lies between 13º 40’ and 15º 15’ Northern Latitude and 76º 50’ and 78º 30’ Eastern Longitude. It is bounded by Bellary District of Karnataka State, Kurnool District on the north, YSR Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh and Kolar District of Karnataka on east and south east, respectively (Fig.1). The District is roughly oblong in shape, the longer side running north to south with a portion of Chitradurga District of Karnataka State intruding into it from the west between Kundurpi and Amarapuram mandals. The District may be divided into 3 natural divisions. They are 1) northern mandals of Rayadurg, Kanekal, Beluguppa Gooty, Guntakal, Vajrakarur, Uravakonda, Vidapanakal, Yadiki, Tadipatri, Putlur and Yellanur containing larger areas of black cotton soils (2) Kalyandurg, Kambadur, Settur, Brahmasamudram, Ramagiri, Kanaganapalli, C.K.Palli, Dharmavaram, Bathalapalli, Tadimarri, Mudigubba, Ananthapuramu, Kudair, Pamidi and Peddavadugur in the centre which are mainly made up of arid treeless, expanse of poor red soils, (3) high level land of Penukonda, Roddam, Somandepalli, Hindupur, Lepakshi, Chilamathur, Madakasira, Rolla, Gudibanda and Agali which connects with Mysore plateau at higher elevation of the rest of the District. This part has average sandy red soils of normal productivity (DES, 2016). DMG, GoAP 8 District Survey Report - 2018 Fig. 1 Administrative boundaries of Anantapuramu District, Andhra Pradesh 1.3. Places of Tourist Importance a) Gugudu: The village in Narpala Mandal is at a distance of 29 kms from Ananthapuramu and is situated among the Mutchukota Hills. It is known for its Moharrum festival and Sri Kullai Swamy is the name of the much venerated saint. Barren women are said to become fertile by paying a visit to the shrine. Fire walking ceremony is conducted on the night of the 11th day of Moharrum. There is also Sri Anjaneya Swamy Temple nearby the abode of Sri Kullai Swamy Chavidi.