State of the Subways Report Card 2016
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LmZm^h_ma^Ln[pZrl K^ihkm<ZkY] GRIBK@LmkZiaZg`^kl<ZfiZb`g Pbgm^k+)*/ A NYPIRG Straphangers Campaign Report STATE OF THE SUBWAYS REPORT CARD December 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Findings 41 Table One: Straphangers Campaign Line Ratings 44 Table Two: How Does Your Subway Line Rate? 45 Table Three: Best to Worst Subway Lines by Indicator 46 Table Four: Best and Worst MetroCard Ratings, 1997-2016 47 II. Summary of Methodology 48 III. Why a Report Card on the State of the Subways? 11 IV. Profiles of 20 Subway Lines 12 Appendix I: Detailed Methodology 33 Appendix II: Credits 41 I. Findings What do subway riders want? They want short waits, trains that arrive regularly, a little elbow room, a clean car, and understandable announcements that tell them what they need to know. That's what MTA New York City Transit's own polling of rider satisfaction shows.1 This "State of the Subways" Report Card tells riders how their lines do on these key aspects of service. We looked at six measures of subway performance for the city's 20 major subway lines using recent data from New York City Transit. Most of the measures are for all or the last half of 2016.2 We also made minor technical changes in one of the measures. Our Report Card has three parts: First, a comparison of service on 20 lines is detailed in the attached tables. Second, we give an overall "MetroCard Rating"3 to the 20 major lines.4 Third, the report contains one-page profiles of the 20 lines. These provide riders, officials and communities with a simple summary of how their line performs compared to others. This is the 18th Subway Report Card released by the Straphangers Campaign since 1997.5 Our findings show the following picture of how New York City's subways are doing: 1. There was an unprecedented three-way tie for best subway line, with the 1, 7, and L each garnering a MetroCard Rating of $2.05. In a year there was no one big standout, the three lines came out on top because: 1 New York City Residents' Perceptions of New York City Transit Service, 1999 Citywide Survey, prepared for MTA New York City Transit. 2 The measures are: frequency of scheduled service; how regularly trains arrive, delays due to car mechanical problems; crowding at morning peak period; car cleanliness; and in-car announcements. Regularity of service is reported in an indicator called wait assessment, a measure of gaps in service or bunching together of trains. 3 We derived the MetroCard Ratings with the help of independent transportation experts. Descriptions of the methodology can be found in Section II and Appendix I. The rating was developed in two steps. First, we decided how much weight to give each of the six measures of transit service. Then we placed each line on a scale that permits fair comparisons. Under a formula we derived, a line whose performance fell exactly at the 50th percentile in this baseline would receive a MetroCard Rating of $1.75 in this report. Any line at the 90th percentile of this range would receive a rating of $2.75, the current base fare. 4 We were unable to give an overall MetroCard Rating to the system's three permanent shuttle lines – the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, the Rockaway Park Shuttle, and the Times Square Shuttle – because data is not available. 5 No Report Card was issued in 2013 given concerns about the impact of Superstore Sandy on the subway system. That was also the case in 2002 following the attack on the World Trade Center. As a result, the Straphangers Campaign has issued subway Report Cards eighteen times in twenty years. 1 a. Tops in service: The 1, 7, and L (along with the 6) provided the most generous amounts of morning and evening rush hour service; b. Individually, these lines performed well on some features: i. The 1 is less crowded and cleaner than the average subway line. ii. The 7 had less frequent subway car breakdowns than the average subway line and the greatest percentage of clean subway car interiors. iii. The L had a nearly perfect score for accurate and understandable subway car announcements. 2. The 5 and A tied as the worst performers in the subway system, with a MetroCard Rating of $1.50 each. a. Bottoms in regularity: The 5 and A are two of the system’s most irregular lines. b. Individually, these lines performed below average on several features: i. The 5 was the second most crowded line in the system. ii. The A provided less frequent midday service than the average subway line and its subway cars experienced breakdowns at an above-average rate. 3. Systemwide, for 20 lines, we found the following on four of the six measures we can compare over time: car breakdowns, service regularity, car cleanliness and in-car announcements. a. The car breakdown rate worsened from an average mechanical failure every 141,202 miles to every 131,325 miles, comparing the 12-month period ending December 2014 to December 2015 – a loss of 7%. b. Subway regularity decreased since our last report. Lines meeting the “wait assessment” standard—which measures the regularity versus gaps and/or bunching in service—decreased 1.8%, from 78.8% regular in our last report, to 77.4% regular in the period ending December 2015. We found that only four lines improved (2, 3, F, and G), while sixteen worsened (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, A, B, C, D, E, J/Z, L, M, N, Q, and R). c. Subway cars rated clean improved slightly, from 92% in our 2015 report to 93% in our 2016 report. We found that eleven lines improved (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, F, G, L, N, and R) and nine declined (4, A, B, C, D, E, J/Z, M, and Q). d. Accurate and understandable subway car announcements remained the same— 91% understandable and accurate—since our last report. We found five lines improved (7, C, D, F, and M), ten declined (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, A, G, J/Z, and R) and five did not change (B, E, L, N, and Q). 2 4. There are large disparities in how subway lines perform. a. Breakdowns: The Q had the best record on delays caused by car mechanical failures: once every 489,956 miles. Cars on the C were worst, with a breakdown rate almost eight times higher: once every 61,544 miles. b. Cleanliness: The 7 line had nearly a perfect score at 99%. The dirtiest line – the Q – had 15% of its cars rated moderately or heavily dirty. c. Degree of crowding: The 4 was the most crowded line, at 112% of the crowding guidelines at the AM rush peak load point. The R was the least crowded, at 72%.6 d. Amount of scheduled service: The 6 and 7 lines had the most scheduled service, with two-and-a-half minute intervals between trains during the morning rush hour. The C line ranked much lower, with nine-minute-plus headways during the same time period. e. Regularity of service: The G had the greatest regularity of service, arriving within 25% of its scheduled interval 81% of the time. The most irregular line was the 5, which performed with regularity less than two-thirds of the time. f. Announcements: Three lines – the E, M, and N lines – had perfect performance for accurate and understandable announcements made in subway cars, missing no announcements and reflecting the automation of announcements. The 1 and B lines were worst, missing or garbling announcements 23% of the time. 6 In previous reports, the Straphangers Campaign calculated crowding conditions using New York City Transit’s annual Cordon Count. In the 2016 report, we cite a new data set—Sixty-minute Weekday AM Rush Peak Load Point Summary—recently made available by New York City Transit. 3 Table One BEST to WORST:2016 STRAPHANGERS CAMPAIGN METROCARD RATINGS $2.05 $2.05 $2.05 $1.95 $1.90 $1.85 $1.80 $1.80 $1.80 $1.75 $1.75 $1.70 $1.65 $1.65 $1.65 $1.60 $1.55 $1.50 $1.50 Table Two HOW DOES YOUR SUBWAY LINE RATE? Straphanger Scheduled Frequency Regularity of Breakdown Crowding Cleanliness Announcemen s Campaign Service s ts MetroCard Rating Scheduled minutes Scheduled Scheduled minutes How often trains arrive Number of miles Percentage of Percentage of subway Percentage of in-car between trains minutes between trains during without bunching or gaps traveled between max load cars with clean seats announcements which during morning between trains evening rush in service car breakdowns guideline, peak and floors are accurate and rush at noon point/direction, understandable AM rush every 121,977 3:30 6:00 4:00 79% 78% 97% 77% $2.05 miles $1.65 5:30 8:00 6:30 72% 160,252 109% 94% 99% $1.70 6:15 8:00 6:30 78% 193,227 104% 96% 82% $1.55 4:30 8:00 4:30 71% 86,538 112% 87% 99% $1.50 5:00 8:00 6:00 66% 177,221 110% 93% 99% $1.75 2:30 4:00 3:00 67% 64,511 94% 95% 88% $2.05 2:30 5:00 2:30 75% 157,296 101% 99% 91% $1.50 5:30 10:00 5:30 67% 107,716 87% 92% 85% $1.65 7:30 10:00 8:15 78% 124,576 74% 91% 77% $1.60 9:15 10:00 10:00 78% 61,544 79% 92% 90% $1.65 8:00 10:00 7:30 78% 175,391 82% 90% 81% $1.95 4:15 7:30 4:00 74% 409,440 105% 92% 100% $1.90 4:15 7:30 4:45 72% 329,862 95% 93% 97% $1.80 7:00 10:00 8:00 81% 69,889 77% 97% 80% $1.85 5:00 10:00 5:00 77% 65,068 78% 91% 91% $2.05 3:00 5:00 4:00 78% 73,007 100% 95% 99% $1.80 7:00 10:00 9:00 77% 375,658 86% 88% 100% $1.80 7:30 10:00 7:45 78% 331,667 99% 93% 100% $1.80 7:15 10:00 8:00 79% 489,956 101% 85% 99% $1.75 6:30 10:00 7:00 74% 108,881 72% 95% 84% 94% System Average 5:35 8:21 6:05 77% 131,325 93% 91% (median) Table Three BEST to WORST SUBWAY LINES by SERVICE/PERFORMANCE MEASURE Rank Amount of Regularity of Breakdown Crowding (from Interior In-Car (from Best Scheduled Service Rate least to most) Cleanliness Announcements to Worst) Service 1 6 100.00 C 100.00 E #### R Q 100.00 C 100.00 5 100.00 2 7 100.00 G 93.00 N #### 7 F 92.08 J 100.00 E 100.00