DOCSLIB.ORG

Anabaptist Origins, Community and Ritual by Henry Suderman a Thesis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anabaptist Origins, Community and Ritual by Henry Suderman a Thesis University of Alberta Manufacturing Places: Anabaptist Origins, Community and Ritual by Henry Suderman A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Studies ©Henry Suderman Spring 2012 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Abstract Traditional analyses of Anabaptist action continue to be problematized by substantial theological, social, economic, ethical, and political disparities defining the early decades of sixteenth-century Anabaptist movements. This dissertation is offered as a ―reconciliation,‖ as an attempt to address and explain these considerable disparities through the application of a spatial interpretation to early Anabaptist history. Spatial concerns were present in all early Anabaptist groups and a spatial focus provides an analytic suitable for the investigation of cultural conflict. Data and its analysis are ordered to form a coherent whole in the manner of a network or web and not, as is more common in historical discourse, as a straight line. Methodological issues and theoretical concerns constitute the centre, subject matter, and parameters of this work. This project is designed to provide the theoretical and methodological tools required for the investigative matrix it builds. Place is constructed in terms of its social and political investments, its relation to the exercise and contestation of power, and its relation to the development and maintenance of social order. Power is conceived spatially and not temporally in this project, and places are interpreted as sites for the exercise and negotiation of power. It establishes a focus that reflects the work of Michel Foucault in which power is regulatory, disciplinary, and spatially determined. Anabaptists emerged as a direct and decisive reaction to sixteenth-century sacred places, the values with which they were imbued, and the power they exercised. The power medieval churches exercised was not (contra Anabaptist rhetoric) primarily or simply negative, oppressive, restricting or exclusionary. It was also i positive, constructing reality, producing rituals of truth, creating places.1 Medieval churches were heavily invested pre-eminent socio-political places that exercised substantial cultural power, shaping all facets of medieval socio-political life. Anabaptists emerged as prime contesters of the power and authority of the medieval church, the claims it made, the social order it perpetuated, the relations it established, and the ritual program through which it maintained its privileged position. They developed alternative models, structures, and principles for the exercise of power. The Anabaptist Kingdom of Münster provided an opportunity for imagining freedom from the dominant discourses of power and violence through the Münsterite development and utilization of the plenitude of ―aesthetic space.‖ Hutterite Bruderhöfe were designed as Heiligkeitsgemeinde and constituted a substantial challenge to the existing social order. They were designed, constructed, propagated, and maintained as an ideal place for producing ideal human beings. The spatial interpretation encouraged in this project operates as a broad form in the re-description of sixteenth-century Anabaptist history and Anabaptist origins by giving priority to Anabaptist socio-political attitudes, actions, and interests without reducing Anabaptists to those forces. Such a study holds the possibility of contributing to our understanding of the relation of place to group identity formation, the exercise of socio-political power through place(s), and the role of ritualization in the contestation, construction, and maintenance of culturally significant places during the sixteenth-century. 1 Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings 1972-1977, Colin Gordon (ed.) and Colin Gordon, Leo Marshall, John Mepham, and Kate Soper (trans.) (New York: Pantheon Books, 1980), 58-59. ii Abbreviations ÄCHB A. J. F. Zieglschmid, Die älteste Chronik der Hutterischen Brüder: Ein Sprachdenkmal aus frühneuhochdeutscher Zeit. Ithaca: Cayuga Press, 1943. AFM Heinrich Detmer, ed., Hermann von Kerrsenbroch Anabaptistici Furoris Monasterium Inclitam Westphaliae Metropolim Evertentis Historica Narratio. 2 vols. Münster: Theissing Buchhandlung, 1899-1900. AUD. ―Auslegung des anderen Unterschieds Danielis,‖ in Günther Franz (ed.) Band XXXIII, Thomas Müntzer Schriften und Briefe: Kritische Gesamtausgabe. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, 1968), 241-263. BDA Carl Adolf Cornelius, ed., Die Geschichtsquellen des Bistums Münster. Vol. 2. Heinrich Gresbeck, Berichte der Augenzeugen über das Münsterische Wiedertäuferreich. Münster: Theissing Buchhandlung, 1853. CADN ―An den Christlichen Adel deutscher Nation: von des Christlichen standes besserung.‖ D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, 6. Band. Weimar: Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1888; reprinted in Graz: Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, 1966. CWMS Leonard Verduin (trans.) and J. C. Wenger (ed.) The Complete Writings of Menno Simons c. 1496-1561. Scottdale: PA; Kitchenr: ON: Herald Press, 1956. DAN Documenta Anabaptistica Neerlandica. 7 vols. Leiden: E. J. Brill FBZT Adolf Laube, Annerose Schneider, and Ulmann Weiss (eds.) Flugschriften vom Bauernkrieg zum Täuferreich (1526-1536). Vol. 2. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1992. JH Hans Fischer, Jakob Huter: Leben, Froemmigketi, Briefe, Newton, KS: Mennonite Publication Office, 1956. SBR Robert Stupperich, ed. Die Schriften der Münsterischen Täufer und ihrer Gegner. Vol. I. Die Schriften Bernhard Rothmanns. Münster: Aschendorff Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1970. iii QZGWT/QZGT/QZGT Schweiz Quellen zur Geschichte der Widertäufer/ Täufer. 20 volumes. iv Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... i Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... v Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 An Anabaptist Narrative, Ritual and Place .......................................................................... 1 Anabaptist Ritualization, Place, and Social Exigencies ..................................................... 13 Thesis, Thesis Questions, and Place ................................................................................... 15 Sources, Method, and Place ............................................................................................... 18 Anabaptist Origins, Method and Place ............................................................................... 23 Chapter Structure and Argument Development .................................................................. 28 1. Historiography, Anabaptist History, Theology, Ritual, and Place ............................... 33 1.1 The Practice of History ................................................................................................. 36 1.2 Anabaptist Historiography Past and Present ............................................................... 43 1.3 The Possibility of Place ................................................................................................ 52 1.4 Place and Ritual in Scholarship ................................................................................... 54 1.5 The Sacred, the Medieval Landscape and Anabaptists ................................................ 67 2. Anabaptist Origins and the Reform of Place .................................................................. 74 2.1 Anabaptist Beginnings and the Peasants‘ War ............................................................. 76 2.2 Luther, Müntzer and the Anabaptists: Common Elements ........................................... 80 2.3 Martin Luther‘s Open Letter......................................................................................... 83 2.4 Thomas Müntzer‘s Sermon to the Princes .................................................................... 95 2.5 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 103 3. Medieval Church Architecture: Representation and Power ....................................... 106 3.1 The Task of Architecture ............................................................................................. 106 3.2 Medieval Church Architecture and Praxis ................................................................. 114 3.3 Medieval Church Architecture and Power ................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heinrich Parler
    Heinrich Parler Heinrich Parler the Elder (also Heinrich of Gmünd; German: Heinrich von Gemünd der Ältere; born between 1300 and 1310 â“ circa 1370), was a German architect and master builder of the Gothic period. Heinrich Parler was probably born in Cologne between 1300 and 1310, but later lived and worked in Gmünd, an Imperial City (German: Reichsstädte) of the Holy Roman Empire.[2] He became construction manager of Holy Cross Minster in Gmünd between 1325 and 1330. Heinrich Harrer (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪnÊɪç ˈhaÊÉ]; 6 July 1912 â“ 7 January 2006) was an Austrian mountaineer, sportsman, geographer, and author. He is best known for being on the four-man climbing team that made the first ascent of the North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland, and for his books Seven Years in Tibet (1952) and The White Spider (1959). Heinrich Harrer was born 6 July 1912 in Hüttenberg, Austria, in the district of Sankt Veit an der Glan in the state of Carinthia. His father was a Heinrich Parler the Elder (also Heinrich of Gmünd, German: Heinrich von Gemünd der Ältere; c. 1310 â“ c. 1370), was a German architect and sculptor. His masterpiece is Holy Cross Minster, an influential milestone of late Gothic architecture in the town of Schwäbisch Gmünd, Baden- Württemberg, Germany. Parler also founded the Parler family of master builders and his descendants worked in various parts of central Europe, especially Bohemia. His son, Peter Parler, became one of the major architects of the Heinrich Harrer was an Austrian mountaineer who was part of the team that made the first ascent of the formidable north wall of the Eiger in Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • Landwirtschaft Im Münsterland Daten - Fakten - Analysen Herausgeber
    Landwirtschaft im Münsterland Daten - Fakten - Analysen Herausgeber: Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen Nevinghoff 40 48147 Münster Tel.: 0251 2376-0 E-Mail: [email protected] www.landwirtschaftskammer.de Redaktion: Rolf Born Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen Geschäftsbereich Standortentwicklung, Ländlicher Raum Siebengebirgsstraße 200 53229 Bonn Tel.: 0228 703-1581 E-Mail: [email protected] Autoren: Marianne Lammers Bezirksstelle für Agrarstruktur Münsterland Borkener Straße 25 48653 Coesfeld Tel.: 02541 910-0 E-Mail: [email protected] Dr. Thorsten Becker Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen Geschäftsbereich Standortentwicklung, Ländlicher Raum Siebengebirgsstraße 200 53229 Bonn Tel.: 0228 703-1218 E-Mail: [email protected] Fotos: Günter Kortmann, Peter Hensch DTP/Design-Vorlage: Uwe Niemz DTP/Design-Ausführung: Dr. Thorsten Becker Druck: Digitaldruckcenter der Landwirtschaftskammer Nordrhein-Westfalen Verwendete Daten: Datengrundlage ist die Landesdatenbank NRW des Landesbetriebs Information und Technik IT.NRW (www.it.nrw.de). Sofern Daten des Integrierten Verwaltungs- und Kontrollsystems der Landwirtschaftskammer NRW verwendet wurden, erfolgt die Darstellung in anonymisierter und aggregierter Form. Bonn, im November 2014 2. Auflage Landwirtschaft im Münsterland Inhalt Seite Einleitung 2 Auf einen Blick: Landwirtschaft im Münsterland 3 Die Kommunen und Kreise des Münsterlandes 4 Die Agrarstruktur des Münsterlandes 6 Verlust landwirtschaftlich genutzter Flächen 20 Umweltschonende Landwirtschaft 23 Direktvermarktung 27 Ökologischer Landbau 28 Biogaserzeugung im Münsterland 29 Bodenwertklassen 31 Landwirtschaftlicher Gesamtumsatz im Münsterland 32 2 Landwirtschaft im Münsterland Einleitung Das Kernmünsterland mit seinen Kreisen In weiten Teilen des Münsterlandes ist bis Warendorf, Steinfurt, Coesfeld und Borken heute die typische Münsterländer Parkland- sowie der kreisfreien Stadt Münster ist ein schaft mit ihren oft kleinteiligen landwirtschaft- durch die Landwirtschaft geprägter Raum: 66 lichen Strukturen erhalten geblieben.
    [Show full text]
  • The Writings of Dirk Philips 1504–1568
    This is a preview. Get the entire book here. This is a preview. Get the entire book here. Lhe WRftfOGS Oi= t)IRk,l1htLfps 1504–1568 Translated and edited by Cornelius J. Dyck William E. Keeney Alvin J. Beachy This is a preview. Get the entire book here. Published by Plough Publishing House Walden, New York Robertsbridge, England Elsmore, Australia www.plough.com Plough produces books, a quarterly magazine, and Plough.com to encourage people and help them put their faith into action. We believe Jesus can transform the world and that his teachings and example apply to all aspects of life. At the same time, we seek common ground with all people regardless of their creed. Plough is the publishing house of the Bruderhof, an international community of families and singles seeking to follow Jesus together. Members of the Bruderhof are committed to a way of radical discipleship in the spirit of the Sermon on the Mount. Inspired by the first church in Jerusalem (Acts 2 and 4), they renounce private property and share every- thing in common in a life of nonviolence, justice, and service to neighbors near and far. To learn more about the Bruderhof ’s faith, history, and daily life, see Bruderhof.com. (Views expressed by Plough authors are their own and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Bruderhof.) Copyright © 2019 by Plough Publishing House All rights reserved. isbn: 978-0-874-86266-9 Hand lettering and maps by Jan Gleysteen Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data pending. This is a preview. Get the entire book here.
    [Show full text]
  • The Districts of North Rhine-Westphalia
    THE DISTRICTS OF NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA S D E E N R ’ E S G N IO E N IZ AL IT - G C CO TIN MPETENT - MEE Fair_AZ_210x297_4c_engl_RZ 13.07.2007 17:26 Uhr Seite 1 Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe 50 Million Customers in Germany Can’t Be Wrong. Modern financial services for everyone – everywhere. Reliable, long-term business relations with three quarters of all German businesses, not just fast profits. 200 years together with the people and the economy. Sparkasse Fair. Caring. Close at Hand. Sparkassen. Good for People. Good for Europe. S 3 CONTENTS THE DIstRIct – THE UNKnoWN QUAntITY 4 WHAT DO THE DIstRIcts DO WITH THE MoneY? 6 YoUTH WELFARE, socIAL WELFARE, HEALTH 7 SecURITY AND ORDER 10 BUILDING AND TRAnsPORT 12 ConsUMER PRotectION 14 BUSIness AND EDUCATIon 16 NATURE conseRVAncY AND enVIRonMentAL PRotectIon 18 FULL OF LIFE AND CULTURE 20 THE DRIVING FORce OF THE REGIon 22 THE AssocIATIon OF DIstRIcts 24 DISTRIct POLICY AND CIVIC PARTICIPATIon 26 THE DIRect LIne to YOUR DIstRIct AUTHORITY 28 Imprint: Editor: Dr. Martin Klein Editorial Management: Boris Zaffarana Editorial Staff: Renate Fremerey, Ulrich Hollwitz, Harald Vieten, Kirsten Weßling Translation: Michael Trendall, Intermundos Übersetzungsdienst, Bochum Layout: Martin Gülpen, Minkenberg Medien, Heinsberg Print: Knipping Druckerei und Verlag, Düsseldorf Photographs: Kreis Aachen, Kreis Borken, Kreis Coesfeld, Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, Kreis Gütersloh, Kreis Heinsberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Kreis Höxter, Kreis Kleve, Kreis Lippe, Kreis Minden-Lübbecke, Rhein-Kreis Neuss, Kreis Olpe, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein, Kreis Steinfurt, Kreis Warendorf, Kreis Wesel, project photos. © 2007, Landkreistag Nordrhein-Westfalen (The Association of Districts of North Rhine-Westphalia), Düsseldorf 4 THE DIstRIct – THE UNKnoWN QUAntITY District identification has very little meaning for many people in North Rhine-Westphalia.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration and Survival of the Hutterite Brethren in Central Europe
    Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 60 (2), pp. 267–285 (2015) DOI: 10.1556/022.2015.60.2.2 MIGRATION AND SURVIVAL OF THE HUTTERITE BRETHREN IN CENTRAL EUROPE Emese BÁLINT European University Institute, Florence, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: While the Anabaptist movement was still fl uid in the early 1520s, it soon crystallized into factions with sharp differences. Although the Moravian Anabaptists never succeeded in creating common doctrines and practices, the Central and East European experience was not merely a marginal part of the great Anabaptist story. Out of these divergent tendencies grew a strong sect that survived exile through a radical social experiment. Hutterite colonies, settled in a hostile environment, fl ourished for a long period while other sects disappeared within a few years. The factors that determined the advance and survival of the Hutterites point beyond religious motives. This social experiment was dependent on the integrated social structure enabling them to cope with an aggressive environment without assimilating. Various epochs of the Hutterite history show that communal life was never a uniform and perfect experience, but variants of the structure persisted in the colonies as they evolved in their local circumstances. Keywords: Anabaptism, Hutterite, community of goods, Moravia, Hungary, Transylvania In January 1525, the three founders of the Swiss Brethren, Georg Blaurock, Conrad Grebel and Felix Mantz baptized one another in Zürich. With this act a movement came into being that could not be stopped in spite of the imposition of the death penalty for those who accepted baptism as adults. Persecution quickly ensued, yet Anabaptism spread rap- idly across Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Myron S. Principies 01 Biblical Interpretation in Mennonite Theology
    Augsburger, Myron S. PrincipIes 01 Biblical Interpretation in Mennonite Theology. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1967. Bauman, Clarence. The Spiritual Legacy 01 Hans Denck: Interpretation and Translation 01Key Texts. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1991. Beachy, Alvin J. The Concept 01 Grace in the Radical Relormation. Nieuw- koop: DeGraaf, 1977. Beahm, William M. Studies in Christian Belief Elgin, IlI.: Brethren Press, 1958. Bender, Harold S. Two Centuries 01 American Mennonite Literature, 1727-1928. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1929. Bender, Harold S., ed. Hutterite Studies: Essays by Robert Friedmann. Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1961. Bender, Harold S., et al. The Mennonite Encyclopedia. 5 vols. 1955, 1959, 1990. Bittinger, Emmert F. Heritage and Promise: Perspectives on the Church olthe Brethren. Elgin, IlI.: Brethren Press, 1970. Bittinger, Emmert F., ed. Brethren in Transition: 20th Century Directions & Dilemmas. Camden, Maine: Penobseot Press, 1992. Bowman, Carl F. A Profile 01the Church 01the Brethren. Elgin, IL: Brethren Press, 1987. Bowman, Carl F. "Beyond Plainness: Cultural Transformation in the Chureh of the Brethren from 1850 to the Present." Ph.D. Dissertation: University of Virginia, 1989. Bowman, Carl F. Brethren Society: The Cultural Translormation ola "Peculiar People". Baltirnore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Bowman, Rufus D. The Church olthe Brethren and War: 1708-1941. Elgin, IlI.: Brethren Publishing House, 1944. Brethren Encyclopedia. The Brethren Encyclopedia. Three Vols. Philadelphia and Oak Brook, IlI.: The Brethren Eneyclopedia, Ine., 1983. Brethren Publishing. The Brethren 's Tracts and Pamphlets, Setting Forth the Claims 01Primitive Christianity. Vol. I. Gish Fund Edition. Elgin, IlI.: Brethren Publishing House. Brethren Publishing. Full Report 01 Proceedings 01 the Brethren 's Annual Meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosasaurs from Germany – a Brief History of the First 100 Years of Research
    Netherlands Journal of Geosciences —– Geologie en Mijnbouw | 94 – 1 | 5-18 | 2015 doi: 10.1017/njg.2014.16 Mosasaurs from Germany – a brief history of the first 100 years of research Sven Sachs1,*,JahnJ.Hornung2 &MikeReich2,3 1 Im Hof 9, 51766 Engelskirchen, Germany 2 Georg-August University Gottingen,¨ Geoscience Centre, Department of Geobiology, Gottingen,¨ Germany 3 Georg-August University Gottingen,¨ Geoscience Museum, Gottingen,¨ Germany * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 30 December 2013, accepted: 26 May 2014 Abstract In Germany, mosasaur remains are very rare and only incompletely known. However, the earliest records date back to the 1830s, when tooth crowns werefoundinthechalkoftheIsleofRugen.¨ A number of prominent figures in German palaeontology and geosciences of the 19th and 20th centuries focused on these remains, including, among others, Friedrich von Hagenow, Hermann von Meyer, Andreas Wagner, Hanns Bruno Geinitz and Josef Pompeckj. Most of these works were only short notes, given the scant material. However, the discovery of fragmentary cranial remains in Westphalia in 1908 led to a more comprehensive discussion, which is also of historical importance, as it illustrates the discussions on the highly controversial and radical universal phylogenetic theory proposed by Gustav Steinmann in 1908. This theory saw the existence of continuous lines of descent, evolving in parallel, and did not regard higher taxonomic units as monophyletic groups but as intermediate paraphyletic stages of evolution. In this idea, nearly all fossil taxa form part of these lineages, which extend into the present time, and natural extinction occurs very rarely, if ever. In Steinmann’s concept, mosasaurs were not closely related to squamates but formed an intermediate member in a anagenetic chain from Triassic thalattosaurs to extant baleen whales.
    [Show full text]
  • Denkmal Des Monats 1
    Monat Kreis/ Kreisfreie Stadt Gemeinde Ort Objekt Straße/ Lage Datierung 08/1999 Kreis Höxter Borgentreich Borgholz ehem. Synagoge Kleine Str. 8 1838 09/1999 Kreis Coesfeld Nottuln ehem. Speicher Heller 19 1500 ca. Rheda- 10/1999 Kreis Gütersloh ehem. Wegezollhäuschen B 61 nach Gütersloh 1831 Wiedenbrück Historisches Museum 11/1999 Stadt Bielefeld Bielefeld Motor-Kehrmaschine 1934 Bielefeld Hagener Straße/ Dreslers 12/1999 Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein Kreuztal Musikpavillon 1907 Park 01/2000 Kreis Gütersloh Harsewinkel Marienfeld Barockorgel, in ehem. Klosterkirche 1745-51 02/2000 Kreis Minden-Lübbecke Espelkamp Frotheim Scheune Brameyer'scher Hof Stellerieger Str. 17 1750 04/2000 Kreis Warendorf Beckum Kino, Stadttheater Lippweg 4 1910, 48/49 05/2000 Kreis Soest Möhnesee Delecke Drüggelter Kapelle Hl.-Kreuz 1227 erw. 06/2000 Märkischer Kreis Plettenberg Ohle Fischbauchbrücke 1914 07/2000 Stadt Dortmund Dortmund ehem. Pädagogische Akademie Max-Ophüls-Platz 1929 10/2000 Kreis Steinfurt Neuenkirchen Villa Kerstiens (Ludger Kösters) Emsdettener Straße 1840 ca. 01/2001 Stadt Bielefeld Bielefeld Marienaltar in Ev. Marienkirche 1400 ca. Garten Alte Abtei; Breite Str. 02/2001 Kreis Lippe Lemgo Kranichdenkmal 1788 10 03/2001 Stadt Münster Münster Doppelhaushälfte Kleimannstr. 5 1904 06/2001 Kreis Lippe Oerlinghausen Segelflugzeug Segelflugplatz 1937/38 07/2001 Hochsauerlandkreis Marsberg Bredelar ehem. Kloster 1766 u.a. 09/2001 Kreis Minden-Lübbecke Petershagen ehem. Synagoge Goebenstr. 7 1846 10/2001 Kreis Recklinghausen Castrop-Rauxel Parkbad Süd Stadtgraben 1926 11/2001 Kreis Herford Hiddenhausen Schweicheln Alte Schule Schweicheln-Bernbeck 1847 12/2001 Kreis Olpe Kirchhundem Silberg Backhaus Hof Schrabben 18. Jh. 01/2002 Kreis Soest Lippstadt Chorgestühl Ev. Marienkirche 16. Jh., Anf. 02/2002 Kreis Höxter Bad Driburg Dringenberg Altes Rathaus Burgstr.
    [Show full text]
  • Geometric Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design Robert Bork*
    $UFKLWHFWXUDO Bork, R 2014 Dynamic Unfolding and the Conventions of Procedure: Geometric +LVWRULHV Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design. Architectural Histories, 2(1): 14, pp. 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ah.bq RESEARCH ARTICLE Dynamic Unfolding and the Conventions of Procedure: Geometric Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design Robert Bork* This essay explores the proportioning strategies used by Gothic architects. It argues that Gothic design practice involved conventions of procedure, governing the dynamic unfolding of successive geometrical steps. Because this procedure proves difficult to capture in words, and because it produces forms with a qualitatively different kind of architectural order than the more familiar conventions of classical design, which govern the proportions of the final building rather than the logic of the steps used in creating it, Gothic design practice has been widely misunderstood since the Renaissance. Although some authors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries attempted to sympathetically explain Gothic geometry, much of this work has been dismissed as unreliable, especially in the influential work of Konrad Hecht. This essay seeks to put the study of Gothic proportion onto a new and firmer foundation, by using computer-aided design software to analyze the geometry of carefully measured buildings and original design drawings. Examples under consideration include the parish church towers of Ulm and Freiburg, and the cross sections of the cathedrals of Reims, Prague, and Clermont-Ferrand, and of the Cistercian church at Altenberg. Introduction of historic monuments to be studied with new rigor. It is Discussion of proportion has a curiously vexed status in finally becoming possible, therefore, to speak with reason- the literature on Gothic architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Secret of the Strength What Would the Anabaptists Tell This Generation?
    The Secret of the Strength What Would the Anabaptists Tell This Generation? Peter Hoover This is the 2008 version of the text, with the original introduction, forward, cover picture, etc. The text has been revised, but is substantially the same as the original text, with the addition of pictures. Other inspiring books are available at: www.PrimitiveChristianity.org Introduction I well remember the first time I faced the stark realization that I was a Mennonite and different. My fourth-grade friend, Gregory, and I were riding home from public school on the bus. We were talking about our future, how we would always be friends and do things together when we grew up. Then he enthusiastically began to describe activities that from my upbringing I knew to be worldly. Desperate to save our lifelong friendship, I turned to Gregory and said, “You will have to leave your church and become a Mennonite when you grow up.” Thus, the inevitability of our way of life impressed itself on my eight-year-old mind. A year later I made my decision to follow Christ. Of course, Gregory never joined my church, and I do not even know his whereabouts today. The theme of separation from the world ran strong in the Cumberland Valley of Pennsylvania where I grew up. But I wrongly assumed that, except for our plainness, we believed the same things that other Christians believed. Then one evening at the Chambersburg Mennonite Church, where I was a member, a visiting speaker jolted me with a graphic picture of my martyr heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect repmduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscn'pt and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing fmm left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manusuipt have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9' black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustmtions appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell 8 HowaH Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 USA EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY MENNONITE CONFESSIONS OF FAITH: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANABAPTIST TRADITION by Karl Peter Koop A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Theology of the University of St. Michae18s College and the Department of Theology of the Toronto School of Theology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology awarded by the University of St.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Early Anabaptism As Minority Religion in German Fiction
    Heresy or Ideal Society? A Study of Early Anabaptism as Minority Religion in German Fiction DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ursula Berit Jany Graduate Program in Germanic Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Professor Barbara Becker-Cantarino, Advisor Professor Katra A. Byram Professor Anna Grotans Copyright by Ursula Berit Jany 2013 Abstract Anabaptism, a radical reform movement originating during the sixteenth-century European Reformation, sought to attain discipleship to Christ by a separation from the religious and worldly powers of early modern society. In my critical reading of the movement’s representations in German fiction dating from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, I explore how authors have fictionalized the religious minority, its commitment to particular theological and ethical aspects, its separation from society, and its experience of persecution. As part of my analysis, I trace the early historical development of the group and take inventory of its chief characteristics to observe which of these aspects are selected for portrayal in fictional texts. Within this research framework, my study investigates which social and religious principles drawn from historical accounts and sources influence the minority’s image as an ideal society, on the one hand, and its stigmatization as a heretical and seditious sect, on the other. As a result of this analysis, my study reveals authors’ underlying programmatic aims and ideological convictions cloaked by their literary articulations of conflict-laden encounters between society and the religious minority.
    [Show full text]