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Bibliography for

Articles in Encyclopedia of “Stoicism,” “,” “,” “,” “ of ,” “,” “,” “Seneca,” “.”

Annas, J. (1993) The of Happiness. New York and Oxford. Arnold, E. Vernon (1911). Roman Stoicism. Cambridge: University Press. Repr. ed. 1958. Not terribly good, but a lot of out of the way information on minor figures, and quotations of a lot of texts. Baldry, H.C. (1959). “Zeno’s ideal state.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 79: 3–15. A good account of Zeno’s Republic. ______(1965). The Unity of Mankind in Greek Thought. Cambridge. Bobzien, Susanne (1999). and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Brink, C.O. (1955). “ and Zeno and moral .” 1: 123–45. Brunschwig, Jacques. (1994). Papers in . Cambridge, England. Brunschwig, J. and M. Nussbaum (1993). Passions and Perceptions: Studies in the Hellenistic Philosophy of . Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium Hellenisticum. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press. . On Fate. On the Nature of the Gods. On Divination. On Duties, On Ends, , Tusculan Disputations. Cooper, John M. (1999). “Eudaimonism, the Appeal to Nature, and ‘Moral Duty’ in Stoicism,” in Reason and Emotion (Princeton: Princeton University Press) 427-448. "Posidonius on Emotions," 449-484. "Greek on Euthanasia and Suicide," pp. 515-541. De Lacy, P. “The Stoic categories as methodological principles.” Transactions of the American Philological Association 76: 246–63. ______(1966). The Meaning of Stoicism. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. R. Dilcher, Studies in (Hildesheim: Olms, 1995). H. Granger, “Argumentation and Heraclitus’ Book,” Oxford Studies in 26 (2006), 1-17. Engstrom, Stephen and Jennifer Whiting (eds.) (1996). , Kant, and the Stoics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Epictetus. Translations of G. Long (London: Bell, 1877) and P.E. Matheson (Oxford: 1916) are best. Fortenbaugh, William W. (ed.) (1983). On Stoic and Peripatetic : The Work of . New Brunswick and London: Transaction Books. Gould, Josiah B. (1970). The Philosophy of Chrysippus. Albany: State University of New York Press. *Hahm, D.E. (1977). The Origins of Stoic . Columbus: Ohio State University Press. Sandbach claims it is important, but exaggerates the influence of Aristotle. Hicks, R.D. (1911). Stoic and Epicurean. London: Longmans Green. Hunt, H.A.K. “Some problems in the interpretation of Stoicism.” Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association 28: 165–77. On determinism and free . Ierodiakonou, Katerina (1999). Topics in Stoic Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Inwood, Brad (1985). Ethics and Action in Early Stoicism. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Jones, R.M. (1926). Classical Philology 21: 97–113. On Posidonius. ______(1932). Classical Philology 27: 113–35. On Posidonius Kerferd, G.B. (1972). “The search for personal identity in Stoic thought.” Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 55: 177–96. ______(). “Cicero and Stoic ethics.” In Cicero and Vergil, Studies in Honour of Harold Hunt, 60–74. Kidd, I.G. "Moral Actions and Rules in Stoic Ethics." In Rist, Ed., The Stoics. Pp.247-258. Lapidge, M. (1973). Phronesis 18: 240–78. On the elements in Stoicism. ______(1987). "Stoic Cosmology." In Rist (1987) 161-185. Long, A.A. (1967). “ and the Stoic .” Phronesis 12: 59–90. ______(1968a). “Aristotle’s legacy to Stoic ethics.” Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 15: 72–85. ______(1968b). “The Stoic concept of evil.” Philosophical Quarterly 18 (1968) 329–43. ______(1987). "Emotion and Decision in Stoic Psychology." In Rist (1987)233-246 . ______(1986). Hellenistic Philosophy : Stoics, Epicureans, Sceptics. ______(1996). Stoic Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reesor, Nargaret E. (1987). "Necessity and Fate in Stoic Philosophy." In Rist (1987)187-202. Schofield, Malcolm and Gisela Striker (eds.) (1986). The Norms of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ______(1991). The Stoic Idea of the City. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1991. Striker, Gisela (1996). Essays on Hellenistic and Ethics. Cambridge, England. Manning, C.E. (1973). “Seneca and the Stoics on the equality of the sexes.” Mnemosyne 26 (series iv): 170–7. More, P.E. (1923). Hellenistic . Princeton. An excellent work, see pp. 94–171 for Epictetus. Murray, G. (1921). “The Stoic philosophy.” Essays and Addresses. London: Allen and Unwin. Nock, A.D. (1959). Journal of Roman Studies 49: 1 ff. On Posidonius. +Nussbaum, Martha (1994). The Therapy of Desire. Princeton University Press. An excellent treatment of the religious/therapeutic side of Hellenistic thought. Pohlenz, M. (1948). Die Stoa. Göttingen:Vandenhoeck &Ruprecht. The best treatment, with no parallel in English.

Reesor, M.E. (1954). “The Stoic concept of quality.” American Journal of Philology 75: 40–58. ______(1957). “The Stoic categories.” American Journal of Philology 78: 63–82. ______(1965). “Fate and possibility in early Stoic philosophy.” Phoenix 19: 285–97. Rist, ed. The Stoics. Robins, H.R. (1951). Ancient and Medieval Grammatical Theory. London. See pp. 25–36 on the Stoics. Sharples, R.W. (1996). Stoics, Epicureans and Skeptics : An Introduction to Hellenistic Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge,1996.V Solmsen, F. (1961). Cleanthes or Posidonius? The Basis of Stoic . Amsterdam. Stanton, G.R. (1968). “The cosmopolitan ideas of Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius.” Phronesis 13: 183–95. Stough, Carlotte. “Stoic Determinism and Moral Responsibility,” in Rist () 203-231. Striker, Gisela (1996). “Origins of the Concept of Natural ,” in Essays on Hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 209-220. Also “Following Nature: A Study in Stoic Ethics,” 221-280, “The Role of Oikeiosis in Stoic Ethics,” 281-297. Also,“’s and the Stoics,” 316-324. Todd, Robert B. (). " and Immanence: The Foundations of ," In Rist () 137-160. ______(1973). “The Stoic common notions.” Symbolae Osloenses 48: 47–75. Toynbee, J.M.C. (1944). “Dictators and philosophers in the first century A.D.” and Rome 13: 43–58. Watson, G. (1966). The Stoic Theory of . Belfast. Wenley, R.M. (1924; 1925). Stoicism and its Influence. Boston: Marshall Jones; London: Harrap. Wirszubski, G. (1950). Pp. 138–53 in Libertas as a Political Ideal at Rome during the late Republic and Early Principate (Cambridge). Zeller, Eduard (1892). The Stoics, Epicureans and Skeptics. London: Longmans and Greeen. Once the standard work. Chiefly valuable now for Stoic ethics.

Verbeke, G. (1983). The Presence of Stoicism in Medieval Thought. Washington. Colish, Marcia (1985). The Stoic Tradition from Antiquity to the Early . 2 vols. Leiden.

Hellenistic Greek

Tarn, W.W. (1952). Hellenistic Civilisation. Third ed. New York: World Publishing Co.

Cumont, Franz (1912). Astrology and Religion among the and Romans. G.P.Putnam’s and Sons. Grant, Frederick (1953). Hellenistic . New York: Bobbs-Merrill. Hadas, (1959). Hellenistic Culture, Fusion and Diffusion. Columbia University Press. MacGregor, G.H.C. and A.C. Purdy (1959). Jew and Greek. : Saint Andrew Press. Murray, Gilbert (1951). Five Stages of Greek Religion. New York: Doubleday. Nilsson, Martin (1948). Greek Piety. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Nilsson, Martin (1940). Greek Popular Religion. New York: Columbia University Press. Nilsson, Martin (1949). A History of Greek Religion. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Nock, A.D. (1933). Conversion. Oxford University Press. Festugiere, A.–J. (1954). Personal Religion among the Greeks. Berkeley: University of California Press.

To note: Third century developments from contact with East, i.e cults of fortune and fate, Sun and planets as gods, orientalizing mystery religions. Second century, astrology, and mystery religions sometimes as escape from the planetary gods. Tendency to view the sect’s god as the only one, or at least the most powerful, others’ gods as aspects of one’s own, or subordinate to one’s own. So Isis cult: purification and lustration, raised to 8th sphere to meet Isis, becomes free of influence of once free of the stain of sin, ascends to the goddess after death, freed from the body.

Greek Medicine

Sarton, George. Galen of . Singer, Charles. A Short History of Medicine. Taylor, H.O. Greek and Medicine.

Momigliano, A. (1976). Alien : The Limits of Hellenization. Cambridge University Press. Fraenkel, H. (1975). Early Greek and Philosophy. Trans. M. Hadas and J. New York: Willis. Brace Jovanovich. Burdert, W. (1992). The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age. Harvard University Press. Kierkegaard (1841). The Concept of , with Continual Reference to Socrates. Trans. H.V. Hong and E.H. Hong. Princeton University Press, 1989. BIBLIOGRAPHY

The mention of a book or article in the bibliography can be taken as a recommendation for it. Included are good translations of primary sources, and the most interesting and important secondary sources. Most of the latter are here because they influenced my exposition, but some argue for interesting views with which I disagree. I have restricted myself for the most part to works in English.

Aaboe, Asgar (1974). “Scientific in antiquity,” in The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World, ed. F.R. Hodson (Oxford) 21-42. Ackrill, J.L. (1981). Aristotle the . Oxford University Press. ______(1997). Essays on Plato and Aristotle. Oxford University Press. Adkins, A.W.H. (1960). Merit and Responsibility. Oxford. An excellent treatment of Greek ethical thought before the fourth century, working from literary texts. Its conclusions may be somewhat overdrawn, though many critics seem to overreact, and insist on misunderstanding them. For judicious correction, see Lloyd-Jones (1971) and A.A. Long (1970). ______(1970). From the Many to the One: A Study of Personality and Views of in the Context of Society, Values, and Beliefs. Cornell University Press. ______(1972). Moral Values and Political Behavior in . Algra, Keimpe (1999). “The Beginnings of Cosmology.” Chapter 3 in A. A. Long (1999), 45–65. ______, Jonathan Barnes, Jaap Mansfield, and Malcolm Schofield (eds.) (1999). The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. Allan, D.J. (2nd ed. 1970). The Philosophy of Aristotle. Oxford University Press. Allen, Reginald E. (ed.) (1965). Studies in Plato’s . London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd and The Humanities Press. ______(1970). Plato’s `Euthyphro’ and the Earlier . London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, New York: Humanities Press. ______(1980). Socrates and Legal Obligation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Contains a translation of the Crito and along with an excellent and well written discussion of Socrates’s . Annas, Julia E. (1981). An Introduction to Plato’s Republic. Oxford. ______(1991). “’s .” In Everson ed. (1991). ______(1992). Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. Anthes, Rudolf (1961). “Mythology in .” In Mythologies of the Ancient World, edited by Samuel Noah Kramer (Garden City, New York: Doubleday), pp. 15-92. An interesting overview, though his remarks about the general nature of Egyptian myths are unduly influenced by the notion of “mythopoeic thought.” Anton, John P and George L. Kustas (eds.) (1971). Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy. Vol 1. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ______and A. Preuss (eds.) (1983). Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy. Vol 2. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. Aristotle [4th century BCE]. The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation. Edited by Jonathan Barnes. 2 vols. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984. [4th century BCE]. The Harmonics of Aristoxenus. Edited and translated with notes by Henry S. Macran. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1902. Armstrong, A.H. (1959). An Introduction to Ancient Philosophy. Third edition, revised. Newman Press. Revision of 2d edition edition of 1949. Paperback reprint, Beacon Press 1965. A readable and insightful short introduction, though somewhat dated. ______, ed. (1967). The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early . Cambridge University Press. Armstrong, Karen (2005). A Short History of Myth. New York: Canongate. Bailey, C. (1928). The Greek Atomists and Epicurus: A Study. Oxford. Reprint ed., Russell, 1964. Baldry, H.C. (1932). “Embryological in Pre-Socratic Philosophy.” Classical Quarterly 26: 27-34. Barnes, Jonathan (1979). The PreSocratic Philosophers. 2 vols. London. Revised edition in one volume, London: Methuen, 1982. A philosophically lively, but still scholarly, discussion. ______(1985). “Theophrastus and hypothetical syllogistic”, in Fortenbaugh, W. W., Huby, P. M. & Long A. A., edd. (1985) Theophrastus of Eresus: On his Life and Work, RUSCH 2 (New Brunswick/Oxford) 125–41 ______(1988). Reply to Burnyeat (1988), in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary volume 44, 193–206. Barnes, Jonathan, Michael Schofield and Richard Sorabji (1975–79). Articles on Aristotle. 4 vols. London. Barnes, Jonathan, ed. (1995).The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle. Cambridge University Press. Barton, Carlin. (1993). The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans: The Gladiator and the Monster. Princeton University Press. Bennett, Jonathan (1964). . An Essay Towards an Analysis. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. A sophisticated examination by a first-rate philosopher of what it is to be intelligent, and rational. Benson, Hugh H., ed. (1992). Essays on the Philosophy of Socrates. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. A good collection of the most important articles published since Vlastos (1971a). ______(1997). Socrates and the Beginning of Moral Philosophy.” In Taylor (1997), Routledge History of Philosophy: Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to Plato. ______ed. (2006). A Companion to Plato. Blackwell Publishing. Bett, R. (2000), , his antecedents, and his legacy, (Oxford: Oxford University Press). ______(2002). “.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. (http://plato.stanford.edu/). Bevan, Edwyn (1913). Stoics and Skeptics. Clarendon Press. Repr. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, Ltd., 1959, 1965. Four lectures, two on the Stoics, one on Posidonius, one on the Skeptics. A brief, readable and intelligent consideration in the old style, arguing for the superiority of . ______(1923). “Hellenistic Popular Philosophy.” In The Hellenistic Age (Cambridge University Press), 79–107. Bobonich, Christopher (2002). Plato’s Utopia Recast: His Later Ethics and . Clarendon Press. ______(2008). “Plato’s Politics.” In Fine (2008). Bodnar, Istvan M. (2001). “Atomic Independence and Indivisibility.” Ch. 7 in Preus (2001). Brandwood, Leonard (1992). “Stylometry and chronology.” In Kraut (1992). An excellent summary of stylometric research on Plato’s dialogues. Brickhouse, Thomas, and Nicholas D. Smith (1985). “The formal charges against Socrates.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 23: 457-81. Reprinted in Benson (1992) 14-34. ______(1994). Plato’s Socrates. Oxford University Press. Brittain, C. (2001). of Larissa. Oxford University Press. ______(2005). “.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. (http://plato.stanford.edu). Broadie, Sarah (1999). “Rational .” Chapter 10 in A. A. Long (1999) 205–224. Burkert, Walter (1972). Lore and in Ancient . Cambridge, Mass. Translated by E.L. Minar, Jr. from the German edition of 1962. Superseded everything previously written on the subject. ______(2008). “Prehistory of Presocratic Philosophy in an Orientalizing Context.” In Curd (2008). Burnet, John (1915–16). “The Socratic doctrine of the soul.” Proceedings of the British Academy 7: 235–59. Reprinted in his Essays and Addresses (London, 1929): 126–62. Burnyeat, Myles F. (1976). “ and self-refutation in later Greek Philosophy.” Philosophical Review 91: 3-40. Reprinted in Everson (1990). ______(1980). “Can the Sceptic Live His Scepticism?” In Schofield, Burnyeat and Barnes (1980) 20–53. ______(1981). “Aristotle on understanding knowledge,” in E. Berti, 97–139. ______, ed. (1983). The Skeptical Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press. ______(1988). “Socrates and the jury: Paradoxes in Plato’s distinction between knowledge and true .” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Supplementary volume 44, 173–206. ______(1990). The Theaetetus of Plato. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. M.J. Levett’s translation, revised, with a book length introduction. Burnyeat, M. and M. Frede, eds. (1997). The Original Sceptics: A Controversy. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Calagero, G. (1957). “ and the Socratic principle ‘Nemo sua sponte peccat.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 1: 12-17. Seems to me to get it more or less right, but for criticism, see Coulter (1964). Canary, Robert and Henry Kozicki (1978). The Writing of History: Literary Form and Historical Understanding. University of Wisconsin Press. Cherniss, H. (1935). Aristotle's Criticism of Presocratic Philosophy Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. ______(1944). Aristotle’s Criticism of Plato and the Academy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. Clark, R.T. Rundle (1963). Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt. Clay, Diskin (1988). “Reading the Republic.” In Griswold (1988): 19-34. Cochrane, Charles Norris (1940). Christianity and Classical Culture. Oxford University Press. Paperback edition, 1957. Cohen, S. Marc (1971). “Socrates on the Definition of Piety.” In Vlastos (1971a) 158-176. Cohen, Morris and I.E. Drabkin (1948). Source Book in Greek Science. New York: McGraw Hill. Reissue: Harvard: 1966. Cooper, John (1985). “Plato, , and Cicero on the independence of oratory from philosophy.” Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium in Ancient Philosophy, 1: 77–96. ______(1970). “Plato on Sense Perception and Knowledge (Theaetetus 184-186).” Phronesis 15, 123-46. Reprinted in Fine, ed. (1999) Corey, David Dwyer (2002). “The Greek : Teachers of ,” Ph.D. dissertation at Louisiana State University. Cornford, F.M. (1926). “Mystery Religions and Pre-Socratic Philosophy.” In Cambridge , vol. IV, Chapter 15. Cambridge. ______(1952). Principium Sapientiae: The Origins of Greek Philosophical Thought. Cornford’s last work, solidly establishing his pioneering efforts to connect the earliest Greek philosophical speculation to its mythical background. His readings, brilliant as they are, fail to connect Greek thought to its ideological functions. For this, see Vernant (1983). ______(1934). Plato’s Theory of Knowledge. Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., London. A translation and commentary on the and the Theaetetus. ______(1937). Plato’s Cosmology. Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd., London. A translation and commentary on the Timaeus. ______( ). Plato and . A translation and commentary on the Parmenides. Coulter, J.A. (1964). “The Relation of the Apology of Socrates to Gorgias’ Defense of Palamedes and Plato’s critique of Gorgianic .” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology: 269-303. A criticism of Calagero (1957). Couprie, Dirk L. (2003). “The Discovery of Space: ’s Astronomy.” In Anaximander in Context: New Studies in the Origins of Greek Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press. ______(2001). Article in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (www.utm.edu/research/iep), “Anaximander (c. 610-546 BCE).” Creed, J.L. (1973). "Moral Values in the Age of ." Classical Quarterly 23, 213-231. Crombie, I.M. (1962, 1963). An Examination of Plato’s Doctrines. Vol. I. Plato on Man and Society. Vol. 2: Plato on Knowledge and . London. An excellent work, though rather repetitive and long-winded, and often less philosophically penetrating than the later works cited here. ______(1964). Plato: The Midwife’s Apprentice. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. A well-written summary of the results of Crombie (1962, 1963). Cross, R.C. and Woozley, A.D. (1964). Plato’s Republic: A Philosophical Commentary. London: Macmillan. Somewhat oversimplified commentary. Couissin, P. (1929), “Le Stoicisme de la nouvelle Academie,” Revue d'histoire de la philosophie 3: 241-76, tr. by Jennifer Barnes and M. Burnyeat as “The Stoicism of the New Academy,” in Burnyeat, ed. (1983) 31-63. Crivelli, Paolo (2008). “Plato’s .” In Gail Fine (2008). Curd, Patricia (1998). The Legacy of Parmenides: Eleatic Monism and Later Presocratic Thought. Princeton University Press. Curd, Patricia, and Graham, Daniel (2008). The Oxford Handbook of Presocratic Philosophy. Oxford University Press. Dancy, R. M. (1989). “Thales, Anaximander, and .” 22,149-190. ______(1991). Two Studies in the Early Academy. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. ______(2003). “.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/speusippus). ______(2004). Plato’s Introduction of Forms. Cambridge University Press. ______(2003; rev. 2008). “.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/xenocrates). Dannhauser, Werner J. (1974). Nietzsche’s View of Socrates. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. Dennett, Daniel C. (1995). Darwin’s Dangerous Idea. Simon & Schuster. A Philosopher’s well–informed account of evolutionary theory, discussing in the last chapters the evolution of mind and thinking. ______(2006). Breaking the Spell. Penguin Books. A sophisticated account of religion from an evolutionary point of view. Denyer, Nicholas (1991). Language, Thought and Falsehood in Ancient Greek Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge. Devereux, Daniel T. (1994). “Separation and immanence in Plato’s theory of forms.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 12, 63–90. Reprinted in Fine (1999). ______(2008). “Socratic Ethics and Moral Philosophy.” In Fine (2008). DeWitt, Norman Wentworth (1954). Epicurus and His Philosophy. University of Minnesota Press. Dicks, T.R. “Thales.” Classical Quarterly 9 (1959) 294-309. Dillon, John (1977; rev. ed. 1996). The Middle Platonists: A Study of , 80 B.C. to A.D. 220. Duckworth. ______(1993). : The Handbook of Platonism, translated with an introduction and commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ______(2003). The Heirs of Plato: A Study of the Old Academy (347-274 B.C.). Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. Dilthey, Wilhelm (1957). Dilthey’s Philosophy of : Introduction to Weltanschauungslehre. New York: Bookman Associates. Translation of The Types of World Views and Their Unfolding Within the Metaphysical Systems, Gesammelte Schriften VIII 75–118, by William Kluback and Martin Weinbaum. Dio Cocceianus Chrysostomus [ca. 40–120 CE]. . Discourses. Greek edition with translation by J.W. Colhoon. 5 vols. The Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press. 1932. Laertius [3d century CE]. Diogenes Laertius. Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. Greek edition with translation by R.D. Hicks. 2 vols. The Loeb Classical Library. Harvard University Press. 1925 (revision of vol. 1, 1938). A set of biographies including many quotations from earlier works not otherwise preserved. Dobson, J.F. (1918). “The Posidonius myth.” Classical Quarterly 12, 179 ff. Dodds, E.R. (1928). The Parmenides and the origins of the Neoplatonic ‘One’.” Classical Quarterly 22, 129–42 ______(1951). The Greeks and the Irrational. University of California Press: Berkeley. Reprint, Peter Smith, 1986. Douglas, Mary (1966). Purity and Danger. An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. Routledge and Kegan Paul. Dudley, D.R. (1937) A History of , London: Methuen. Düring, I. and G.E.L. Owen, eds. (1960). Aristotle and Plato in the Mid-Fourth Century. Göteborg. Edelstein, Ludwig (1936). “The philosophical system of Poseidonius.” American Journal of Philology 57: 286 ff. Edwards, C.H., Jr. (1979). The Historical Development of the Calculus. New York: Springer Verlag. Chapter one provides a conceptually sophisticated review of Greek . Eliade, Mircea (1964). : Archaic Techniques of . Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. A detailed study of Shamanism. Claims that it lies behind Indian meditative religions, in China, Orphism in Greece, and Nordic mythology. Ellis, Havelock (1963). Preface to Plato. Everson, Stephen, ed. (1990). Epistemology. Companions to Ancient Thought 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. An excellent collection of philosophically sophisticated essays on Ancient theory of knowledge. ______ed. (1991). Psychology. Companions to Ancient Thought 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. An excellent collection of philosophically sophisticated essays on Ancient philosophy of mind. Ferrari, G.R.F. ed. (2007). The Cambridge Companion to Plato’s Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Field, G.C. (1930). Plato and his Contemporaries. London: Methuen & Co. Fine, Gail (1978). “Knowledge and Belief in Republic V.” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 60: 121-139. ______(1979a). “Knowledge and in the Theaetetus.” Philosophical Review 88: 366-97. Reprinted in Fine (2003). ______(1979b). “False belief in the Theaetetus.” Phronesis 24, 70-80. Reprinted in Fine (2003). ______(1980). “One over many.” Philosophical Review 89. ______(1984). “Separation.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 2: 31-87. Reprinted in Fine (2003). On Aristotle’s contention that Plato “separated” the Forms from particulars, while Socrates did not. ______(1986). “Immanence.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 4: 71-97. Reprinted in Fine (2003). ______(1994). “Protagorean Relativisms.” Boston Area Colloquium in Ancient Philosophy 10 (Latham, Md: University Press of America), 211-43. Reprinted in Fine (2003). ______(1996). “Conflicting appearances: Theaetetus 153d-154b.” In C. Gill and M. McCabe, Form and Argument in Late Plato. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Reprinted in Fine (2003). ______(1997). “Forms as causes: Plato and Aristotle.” In A. Graeser, ed. (1997), Mathematics and Metaphysics (Bern: Haupt), 69–112. Reprinted in Fine (2003) ______(1998). “Plato’s refutation of Protagoras in the Theaetetus.” Apeiron 32, 201-34. Reprinted in Fine (2003). ______(1990). “Knowledge and belief in Republic V-VII.” In Everson (1990): 85-115. Reprinted in Fine (1999). ______(1992). “Inquiry in the Meno.” In Kraut (1992): 200–226. Reprinted in Fine (2003). ______ed. (1999). Plato 1: Metaphysics and Epistemology. Oxford Readings in Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. A first-rate collection of essays by various authors. ______(2003). Plato on Knowledge and the Forms: Selected Essays. Oxford. ______(2008). The Oxford Handbook of Plato. Oxford. Fine, John (1983). The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History. Harvard University Press. In my view, the best political history of Ancient Greece available. Finkelberg, Aryeh (1986). “The Cosmology of Parmenides.” The American Journal of Philology 107: 303–317. ______(1990). “Studies in .” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 93: 103-167. ______(1996). “Plato’s Method in the Timaeus.” The American Journal of Philology 117: 391-409. ______(1997). “Xenophanes’ Physics, Parmenides’ , and ’ Theory of Cosmogonical Mixture.” Hermes 125: 1-16. ______(1998). “On the History of the Greek ‘’.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 98, 103-136. ______(1999). “, and Opinion in Parmenides.” Archiv fur Geschichte der Philosophie 81, 233–248. Finley, M.I. (1956). The World of Odysseus. Particularly interesting for Finley’s account of views concerning virtue in the ninth century B.C.E. Finley is a solid historian not much given to nonsense, and always refreshing to read. Fraenkel, Herman (1925). “Xenophanes’s and his critique of knowledge.” In Mourelatos (1974) 118-131. Original German version in Hermes 60 (1925) 174-92, as Part II of “Xenophanes-studien.” Frankfort, Henri, ed. (1946). The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man. Chicago: University Press. Reprint ed., as Before Philosophy. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1949. A good overview of the mythological thought of Egypt and . Chapters on Mesopotamia by Thorkild Jacobsen. ______(1948). Kingship and the Gods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. A detailed, perceptive, and scholarly study of kingship and its relation to the religious world views of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Frankfurt, Harry G. (1971). “Freedom of the will and the concept of a person.” Journal of Philosophy 68. Reprinted in The Importance of What We Care About. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Frede, Dorothea (1992). “Disintegration and : Pleasure and in Plato’s Philebus.” In Kraut (1992) 425-463. Frede, Michael (1987a). Essays in Ancient Philosophy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ______(1987b). “Numenius,” in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, 36 (2): 1034–1075. ______(1994). “”, in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, 36 (2): 5183–5213. Fritz, K. von (1943). “Noos and noein in the Homeric poems.” Classical Philology 38: 79-93. ______(1945-6). “, noein and their derivatives in Presocratic philosophy.” Classical Philology 40: 223–242, 41: 12–34. Furley, David J. (1967a). “Parmenides of Elea.” In Paul Edwards, Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. 6, 47-51. ______(1967b). Two Studies in the Greek Atomists. Princeton. A philosophically sophisticated treatment. Furley, David J. and R.E. Allen (eds.) (1970, 1975). Studies in Pre-Socratic Philosophy. 2 vols. London. An excellent collection of classic papers. Furth, Montgomery (1968). “Elements of Eleatic .” Journal of the History of Philosophy 6: 111-132. Gallop, David (1975). Plato: . Translated with notes. Clarendon Press: Oxford. Geach, Peter (1966). “Plato’s Euthyphro, an analysis and commentary,” Monist 50:3, 369–382. Gerson, Lloyd P. (1996). The Cambridge Companion to . Cambridge University Press. ______(2010). The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. Giannantoni, G. (1990). Socratis et Socraticorum Reliquiae. Second edition. . Giddens, A. (1985). The Nation State and Violence. Polity Press. Gill, Christopher, and T.P. Wiseman (eds.) (1993). Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World. Austin: University of Texas Press. Gill, Mary Louise (1996). Plato: Parmenides. Translated with Paul Ryan, with Introduction. Hackett Publishing Company: Indianapolis, Indiana. Gill, Mary Louise and Pierre Pellegrin, eds. (2006). A Companion to Ancient Philosophy. Blackwell Publishing. Glucker, John (1978). Antiochus and the Late Academy. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. Gomperz, Theodor (1896). Greek Thinkers. Translated by Laurie Magnus, London: John Murray, 1906. Goodenough, Ward H. (1990). “Evolution of the Human Capacity for Beliefs.” American Anthropologist 92(3) 597-612. Gosling, J.C.B. (1975). Plato: Philebus. Translated with Notes and Commentary. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Gracia, Jorge J.E. (1992). Philosophy and Its History. Issues in Philosophical Historiography. State University of New York Press. A sensible and thorough consideration of the issues by a practicing historian of philosophy. Graham, Daniel (1987). Aristotle’s Two Systems. Oxford. Graham, D. W. (1994). “The Postulates of .” Apeiron 27: 77–121. ______(2008). “’s .” In Curd and Graham (2008). Grene, Margaret (1963). A Portrait of Aristotle. Chicago. Griswold, Charles L. (ed.) (1988). Platonic Writings, Platonic Readings. New York, New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall. Grote, George (1850). . 2d ed. Chapter 47: The Drama–Rhetoric and –The Sophists. London: John Murray. Reprinted in Irwin (1995) 2:2–112. Guthrie, Kenneth Sylvan (1917). : The Father of Neo-Platonism. London: George Bell and Sons. Guthrie, W.K.C. (1933-34). “The development of Aristotle’s theology.” Classical Quarterly 27: 162-171, 28: 90–98. ______(1949). The Greeks and their Gods. 1949. A sound and scholarly general account of Greek Olympian theology, though somewhat out-dated on some topics. ______(1952). Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement. 2d. rev. ed. 1952. ______(1962-81). A History of Greek Philosophy. 6 vols. Cambridge. I: The Earlier Presocratics and The Pythagoreans (1962). II: The Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to (1965). III: The Fifth-century Enlightenment (1969). IV: Plato. The Man and His Dialogus: Earlier Period (1975). V: The Later Plato and the Academy (1978). VI: Aristotle: An Encounter (1981). A thorough and careful work, reviewing all important previous scholarship. Exhaustive bibliographies. Hadot, P. (1968). Porphyre et Victorinus. Paris. Hahn, Robert (2003). “Proportions and Numbers in Anaximander and Greek Thought.” In Anaximander in Context: New Studies in the Origins of Greek Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press. Hankinson, R.J. (1991). “Greek Medical Models of the Mind.” In Everson (1991) 194–217. Hare, R.M. (1982). Plato. Past Masters Series. Oxford University Press. Hasper, Pieter (1999). “The Foundations of Presocratic Atomism.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy XVII, 1–14. Heath, Sir Thomas (1908). Thirteen Books of . 3 vols. Oxford. Translation with exhaustive historical and scholarly commentary. A rich source for ancient geometry in general. ______(1921). History of Greek Mathematics. 2 vols. Oxford. The authoritative reference, very richly documented. Hegel, G.W.F. (1985). Hegel’s Introduction to the Lectures on the History of Philosophy. Translated by T.M. Knox and A.V.Miller. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Heidel, W.A. (1906). “The dine in Anaximander and Anaximenes.” Classical Philology 1: 279-282. Herman, A.L. (1983). An Introduction to Buddhist Thought: A Philosophic History of Indian . London, Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. Horton, R. (1970). “African traditional thought and western science.” In Wilson (1970), 137-171. An abbreviated form of an article in Africa 37 (1967) 50-71, 155-187. Huffman, C. A. (1993). of Croton: Pythagorean and Presocratic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Greek texts of the fragments and testimonia with translations and commentary in English.) ______(1988). “The Role of Number in Philolaus’ Philosophy.” Phronesis 33: 1-30. ______(2001). “The Philolaic Method: The Pythagoreanism behind the Philebus.” In Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy VI: Before Plato, A. Preus (ed.) (Albany: State University of New York Press) 67-85. ______(2002). “ and the Sophists,” in Presocratic Philosophy: Essays in Honour of Alexander Mourelatos, Victor Caston and Daniel W. Graham (eds.) (Aldershot: Ashgate) 251-270. ______(2004). Archytas of Tarentum: Pythagorean, Philosopher and Mathematician King. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ______(2008). “Philolaus.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . ______(2011). “Archytas.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . Huggett, Nick (1999). Space from Zeno to Einstein: Classic Readings with a Contemporary Commentary. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ______(2010). “Zeno’s Paradoxes.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2011 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . Hussey, Edward (1982). “Epistemology and meaning in Heraclitus.” In Language and Logos: Studies in Ancient Greek Philosophy Presented to G.E.L. Owen. Ed. Schofield and Nussbaum. Cambridge. ______(1990). “The beginnings of epistemology: from to Philolaus.” In Everson, 11-38. ______(1999). “Heraclitus.” Chapter 5 in A. A. Long (1999) 88–112. . On the Pythagorean Way of Life, trans. J.M. Dillon and J. Hershbell (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1991). Inwood, Brad and L.P. Gerson (1988; 1997). Hellenistic Philosophy: Introductory Readings. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana. Inwood, Brad, editor (2003). The Cambridge Companion to the Stoics. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Irwin, Terence (1977). “Plato’s Heracleitianism.” Philosophical Quarterly 27: 1-13. ______(1977). Plato’s Moral Theory. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. A keenly perceptive philosophical analysis of Plato’s reaction to Socratic thought. ______(1989). Classical Thought. A History of , vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. An interesting, insightful, and somewhat maverick introduction, dealing with a lot of literary material not ordinarily treated in histories of philosophy. ______(1989a). “Socrates and Athenian .” Philosophy and Public Affairs 18: 184-205. A criticism of Stone (1988). ______(1992). “Socratic puzzles.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 10. ______, ed. (1995). Classical Philosophy: Collected Papers. Vol. 2: Socrates and his Contemporaries. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc. ______(1995). Plato’s Ethics. Oxford University Press. A rewriting and expansion of the 1977 volume, with additional coverage of the Republic and later dialogues added. ______(1999). “The theory of forms.” In Fine, ed. (1999) I ch. 5. Adapted from (1995) ch. 10. Jaeger, Werner (1912). Studien zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Metaphysik des Aristoteles. Berlin. The opening volume in the modern discussion of Aristotle’s philosophical development. ______(1923). Aristoteles, Grundlegung einer Geschichte seiner Entwicklung. English translation as Aristotle: Fundamentals of the History of his Development (Oxford: 1934; 2nd ed. 1948). ______(1947). The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers. Jones, W.T. (1969-1970). “Philosophical disagreements and world views.” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 43: 24-42. ______(1970). A History of Western Philosophy. Vol. 1: The Classical Mind. 2nd edition. Harcourt Brace. Kahn, Charles H. (1960). Anaximander and the Origins of Greek Cosmology. ______(1966). “The Greek verb “be” and the concept of being.” Foundations of Language 2, 245-265. ______(1974a). “Pythagorean philosophy before Plato.” In Mourelatos (1974), 161-85. ______(1974b). “Religion and in Empedocles’s doctrine of the soul.” In Mourelatos (1974): 426-456. ______(1980). The Art and Thought of Heraclitus: An Edition of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary. Cambridge University Press. ______(1981). “Some philosophical uses of “to be” in Plato.” Phronesis 26:105-134. ______(1988). “Being in Parmenides and Plato.” La parola del passato 43: 237-261. ______(2001). and the Pythagoreans: A Brief History. Hackett Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana. Karamanolis, George (2009). “Numenius.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/numenius). Keeley, Lawrence (1996), War Before Civilization. Oxford. Kekes, John (1980). The Nature of Philosophy. Totowa: Rowman and Littlefield. I have taken a great deal from this book, though I disagree with Kekes’s optimism regarding the possibility of finding a solid rational defense for a world view, and often find his discussion and argumentation impossibly loose. Kerferd, G.B. (1981a). The Sophistic Movement. Cambridge. Has become the standard treatment. The best general work. Shows more philosophical sophistication than Guthrie (1962-1981). ______, ed. (1981b). The Sophists and their Legacy. Proceedings of the Fourth International Colloquium of Ancient Greek Philosophy at Bad Homburg 1979, Hermes Einzelschriften. Weisbaden. ______(1997). “The Sophists.” Ch. 7 in Taylor (1997), Routledge History of Philosophy: Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to Plato. Keyt, D. (1973). “Plato on Falsity.” In and Argument, ed. E. Lee, A. Mourelatos, and R. Rorty, Assen: 285–305. Kingsley, Peter (1994a). ‘Empedocles' Sun.” Classical Quarterly 44: 316-324. ______(1994b). “Empedocles and his Interpreters: The Four-Element Doxography.” Phronesis 39: 235-254. ______(1995). Ancient Philosophy, Mystery and Magic. Oxford University Press. ______(1999). In the Dark Places of Wisdom. The Golden Sufi Center. Inverness, California. Kirk, G.S. (1954). Heraclitus: The Cosmic Fragments. Cambridge University Press. An outstanding study. ______(1970). Myth. Its Meanings and Functions in Ancient and Other Cultures. Cambridge University Press, 1970. An intelligent examination of of myth produced by anthropologists, and an application of anthropological techniques of analysis to ancient Mesopotamian and classical Greek myth. Sophisticated, judicious and insightful. ______(1974). The Nature of Greek Myths. Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press. A reconsideration of the material in Myth, with some new analyses, but restricted to Greek mythology. Kirk, G.S., and J.E. Raven (1957; 1983). The Pre-Socratic Philosophers. 2d ed., revised, with M. Schofield. Contains literal translations of the important fragments and testimonia, extensive scholarly discussion, and bibliography, with a long and helpful introduction. Klosko, George (1986). The Development of Plato’s Political Theory. New York: Methuen. Kramer, Samuel Noah (1944). Sumerian Mythology. Memoir no. 21 of the American Philosophical Society. Philadelphia. Reprinted in Anchor Books. Many of the myths recounted here are incomplete. Kramer tends to view the myths as purely theoretical, lacking a sense of their probable role in ritual and ideology, but his translations provide the best coverage of the Sumerian and Akkadian texts. ______(1961). “Mythology of Sumer and Akkad.” In Mythologies of the Ancient World, edited by S.N. Kramer (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961). Written as an update of the author’s earlier Sumerian Mythology. The translations here supplement those there, and the material already in the older book is only summarized. Kraut, Richard (1984). Socrates and the State. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ______, ed. (1992). The Cambridge Companion to Plato. Cambridge University Press. ______(1992). “The Defense of in the Republic.” In Kraut, ed. (1992) 311–337. Kretzmann, Norman (1972). “Plato on the correctness of names.” Philosophical Quarterly. Lebedev, Andrei (2006). “Aristarchos of on Thales’ theory of eclipses.” Apeiron 23 no. 2: 77–85. Lee, E., A. Mourelatos and R. Rorty (1973). Exegesis and Argument. Assen. Lee, H.D.P. (1936). : A Text with Translation and Notes. Cambridge. Reprint 1967. ______(1948). “Place-names and the date of Aristotle’s biological works.” Classical Quarterly 42: 61–67. Lesher, James H. (1978). “Xenophanes’s skepticism.” Phronesis 23: 1-21. Reprinted in Anton and Preuss (1983), 20-40. ______(1985). “Socrates’s disavowal of knowledge.” Philosophical Quarterly 35: 1-31. ______(1992). Xenophanes of Colophon: Fragments. A Text and Translation with a Commentary. Phoenix Supplementary Volume XXX, Presocratics Volume IV. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992. ______(2002). "Xenophanes."In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2002 Edition). Edited by Edward N. Zalta. URL = . ______(2008). “The Humanizing of Knowledge in Presocratic Thought.” In Curd and Graham (2008). Lewis, Eric (1999). “The of Indivisibility, On the Origins of Ancient Atomism.” Boston Area Colloquium in the Ancient Philosophy, 1–21. Lewis, Frank A. (1973). “Foul Play in Plato’s Aviary.” In Exegesis and Argument, ed. E. Lee, A. Mourelatos, and R. Rorty, Assen: 262–384. Lichtheim, Miriam (1973). Ancient Egyptian Literature. A Book of Readings. 3 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press. An extensive collection of the writings of Ancient Egypt in good English translation, with bibliographies and useful, up-to-date introductions and notes for each of the translations. Lloyd, A.C. (1954). “Plato’s description of division.” Classical Quarterly. Reprinted in Allen (1965), XI: 219- 230. Lloyd, G.E.R. (1966). Polarity and . ______(1968). Aristotle. Cambridge. ______(1979). Magic, Reason and . Studies in the Origin and Development of Greek Science. Cambridge University Press. ______(1983). Science, Folklore and Ideology. Studies in the Life of Ancient Greece. Cambridge University Press. Lloyd-Jones, H. (1971). The Justice of Zeus. Berkeley. Long, A.A. (1970). “Morals and values in Homer.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 90: 121-39. ______, ed. (1971). Problems in Stoicism. London. ______(1974). “Empedocles’s cosmic cycle in the sixties.” In Mourelatos (1974): 397-425. ______(1974, 1986). Hellenistic Philosophy: Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics. 2d edition. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ______, ed. (1999). The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Long, A.A. and D.N. Sedley (1987). The Hellenistic Philosophers. Cambridge. A collection of texts with well- informed discussion and an extensive bibliography. Long, H.S. (1949). “The unity of Empedokles’s thought.” American Journal of Philology: 142-158. Lorenz, Hendrik (2008). “Plato on the Soul.” In Gail Fine (2008). ______(2009). “Ancient Theories of the Soul.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/. Lovibond, Sabina (1991). “Plato’s Theory of Mind.” In Everson (1991): 35–55. Lukes, S. (1970). “Some problems about rationality.” In Wilson (1970), 194-213. Defends the rationality of the thought of “primitive” men. McCabe (MacKenzie), Mary (1987). “The moving posset stands still: Heraclitus fr. 125.” American Journal of Philology 542-555. McKim, Richard (1988). “Shame and truth in Plato’s Gorgias.” In Griswold (1988): 34-48. McKirahan, Voula Tsouna (1994). “The Socratic origins of the Cynics and .” In Vander Waerdt (1994). McMullin, Ernan (1984). “The goals of natural science,” Presidential Address in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 58 no. 1 37-64. Argues that natural science aims, at least in the first instance, to discover a hidden reality that explains observations, not merely to discover regularities. Malinowski, Bronislaw (1948). Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1954. (Free Press, 1948) The classic proponent among anthropologists of “functionalism”, the view that myths and religious doctrines are to be understood in terms of the functions they perform in society rather than as theoretical accounts intended to be literally true. Mandelbaum, Maurice (1976). “On the historiography of philosophy.” Philosophy Research Archives 2. Mansfield, Jaap (1999). “Sources.” Chapter 2 in A. A. Long (1999), 22–44. A review of the sources for pre- Socratic philosophy, sketching and documenting recent criticism of Diels’s work. Marcus Aurelius. A.S.L. Farquharson (Oxford: 1944), The best translation. Mates, Benson (1953). Stoic . Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Thorough coverage, containing translations of many texts. Matson, Wallace I (1980). “Parmenides Unbound.” Philosophical Inquiry () 2 no. 1: 345–360. Argues that Parmenides did not reject the "Way of Seeming" as false, and that he thought reality to be space, which is capable of thought. ______(2000 - 2nd ed; 1987). A New History of Philosophy. 2 vols. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ______(2001). “Zeno Moves!” In Preuss (2001), 87–108. Matthews, Gareth (1991). “Container metaphysics according to Aristotle’s Greek commentators.” In Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Supplementary Volume 17, Aristotle and his Medieval Interpreters, ed. Richard Bosley and Martin Tweedale, 7–24. ______(2008). “The epistemology and metaphysics of Socrates,” in Fine (2008). Meinwald, Constance Chu. (1991). Plato's Parmenides. New York: Oxford University Press. ______(1992). “Good-bye to the Third Man.” In Kraut, R. (1992): 365-396. ______(2002). “Plato's Pythagoreanism.” Ancient Philosophy 22.1: 87-101. Minar, Edwin L. (1942). Early Pythagorean Politics in Practice and Theory. Baltimore: Waverly Press. Moline, John (1981). Plato’s Theory of Understanding. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Most, Glenn (1999). “The poetics of early Greek philosophy.” In A.A. Long (1999): 332–362. Morrison, J.S. (1956). “Pythagoras of Samos.” Classical Quarterly N.S. 6: 133-56. An excellent biographical account. Mourelatos, Alexander P.D. (1970). The Route of Parmenides: A Study of Word, Image and Argument in the Fragments. Yale University Press. ______(1971). “Mind’s commitment to the real: Parmenides B 8.34-41.” In Anton & Kustas (1971), 59-80. ______(ed.) (1974a). The Pre-Socratics: A Collection of Critical Essays. A good collection of papers written in the late 60's and early 70's, with a full bibliography. ______(1974b). “The deceptive words of Parmenides’s doxa.” In Mourelatos (1974a). ______(2008). “The Cloud-Astrophysics of Xenophanes and Ionian Material Monism.” In Curd and Graham (2008). Mueller, Ian (1992). “Mathematical method and philosophical truth.” In Kraut (1992). Nadaff, Gerard (2003). “Anthropogony and Politogony in Anaximander of .” In Anaximander in Context: New Studies in the Origins of Greek Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press. Nails, Debra (2002). The People of Plato: A Prosopography of Plato and Other Socratics. Indianapolis: Hackett. Nehamas, Alexander (1975). “Plato on the imperfection of the sensible world.” American Philosophical Quarterly 12:105–117. Reprinted in Fine (1999). Nietzsche, Friedrich (1875). Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks. Trans. Marianne Cowan. Chicago: 1962. An interesting and provocative book. ______(1876). The Pre-Platonic Philosophers. Trans. Greg Whitlock. University of Illinois: 2001. A translation of Nietzsche’s notes for his classes. Nozick, Robert (1993). The Nature of Rationality. Princeton University Press. Nussbaum, Martha (1979). “Eleatic conventionalism and Philolaus on the conditions of thought.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 83: 63-108. ______(1986). The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. A first-rate examination of Greek thought concerning human goodness and its dependence on luck, dealing with the tragic authors, Plato’s Protagoras, Republic, Symposium and , and Aristotle. Nuyens, F. (1939, Dutch; 1948, French trans). L’Evolution de la psychologie d’Aristote. Louvain. O’Brien, Denis (1969). Empedocles’s Cosmic Cycle: A Reconstruction from the Fragments and Secondary Sources. Cambridge University Press. O’Grady, Patricia (2004). “.” In the Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy at www.utm.edu/research/iep. The most thorough and careful treatment of Thales available. Onians, Richard B. (1951). The Origins of European Thought about the Body, the Mind, the Soul, the World, and Fate. Reprint ed., Ayer, 1980. A remarkable and scholarly book, outlining the traditional world view in the eastern Mediterranean in ancient . The author pulls in every conceivable literary source and philological point to back up his picture. Owen, G.E.L. (1960). “Eleatic questions.” Classical Quarterly 10: 84-102. Reprinted in Furley and Allen II (1975), 48-81 and in Owen (1986) 3-26. ______(1965a). “The place of the Timaeus in Plato’s dialogues.” in Allen (1965) 293–338. ______(1965b). “The platonism of Aristotle.” Proceedings of the British Academy 50: 125–50. Reprint in Barnes et al. (1975/1979) vol. 1, and in Owen (1986) 200–220. ______(1986). Logic Science and . Collected Papers in Greek Philosophy. Edited by Martha C. Nussbaum. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. Palmer, John (1998). “Xenophanes Ouranian God in the Fourth Century.” In Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 16. ______(1999). Plato's Reception of Parmenides. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ______(2000). "Aristotle on the Ancient Theologians." Apeiron 33 (2000), 181-206. ______(2000). "Skeptical Investigation." Ancient Philosophy 20 (2000), 351-75. ______(2003). "On the alleged incorporeality of What Is in Melissus." Ancient Philosophy 23 (2003), 1-10. ______(2004). "Melissus and Parmenides." Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 26, 19-54. ______(2008). “Parmenides.” The Stanford Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = . ______(2009). Parmenides and Presocratic Philosophy. Oxford University Press. Passmore, John (1967). “Philosophy” and “Philosophy, Historiography of.” In The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Paul Edwards. New York and London: MacMillan and Collier. Patterson, Richard (1985). Image and Reality in Plato’s Metaphysics. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company. An excellent discussion of the metaphysical status of the Forms. Penner, Terry (1973). “The unity of virtue.” Philosophical Review 82: 35–68. ______(1987). The Ascent from . Some Existence Arguments in Plato’s Middle Dialogues. Dordrecht: D. Reidel. ______(1992). “Socrates and the early dialogues.” In Kraut (1992). Peterman, John E. (2000). On Plato. In the Wadsworth Philosophers Series. Wadsworth. Peterson, S. (1981). “The Greatest Difficulty for Plato’s Theory of Forms: The Unknowability Argument of Parmenides 133c-134c.” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 63, 1-16. ______(1996). “Plato’s Parmenides: A Principle of Interpretation and Seven Arguments.” Journal of the History of Philosophy 34, 167-192. ______(2000). “The Language Game in Plato’s Parmenides,” Ancient Philosophy 20, 19-51. ______(2003) “New Rounds of the Exercise in Plato's Parmenides.” Modern Schoolman 80, 245-278. Peters, F.E. (1967). Greek Philosophical Terms. New York University Press. Plato [4th century BCE] (1961). The Collected Dialogues of Plato. Edited by E. Hamilton and H. Cairns. Princeton University Press. The translations are by various scholars, representing the best available at the time of publication. Includes all the dialogues, including those of unreliable attribution, and the authentic letters. ______(1997). Plato: Complete Works. Edited by John M. Cooper, associate editor D.S. Hutchinson. Hackett Publishing Company. An improvement on Hamilton and Cairns, containing all the works in the edition of Thrasyllus, including those now regarded as spurious, and all the letters. [3rd century CE] (1823). Select Works of Porphyry: containing his four books on Abstinence from Animal Food; his treatise on The Homeric Cave of the Nymphs; and his Auxiliaries to the Perception of Intelligible Natures. Translated by Thomas Taylor, with an appendix explaining the of the wanderings of Ulysses by the translator. London: printed for Thomas Rodd, 17, Great Newport Street. Reprinet: Guildford (1994). ______(1983). Porphyry on the Cave of the Nymphs. Translated by R. Lamberton (with the Greek text).. Barrytown, New York. ______(2003). Porphyry’s Introduction. Translated with a commentary by Jonathan Barnes. Oxford. ______(1992). On Aristotle’s Categories. Translated by Steven K. Strange. Ithaca, New York. ______(1989). Porphyry’s Letter to his Wife Marcella Concerning the life of Philosophy and the Ascent to the Gods. Translated by Alice Zimmern. Grand Rapids, Michigan. ______(1994). Porphyry Against the Christians: The Literary Remains. Translated by R.J. Hoffmann. Guildford. ______(). Launching-Points to the Realm of the Mind. Translated by K. Guthrie. Reprint: Guildford (1988). Powell, J.G.F. (1995). Cicero the Philosopher. Oxford University Press. A first-rate collection of twelve papers on various aspects of Cicero’s thought. Preus, Anthony (2001). Before Plato. Essays in Ancient Greek Philosophy VI. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ______(1982). “Socratic psychotherapy.” The University of Dayton Review 16 (1): 15-23. Primavesi, Oliver (2006). “Empedokles in Florentiner Aristoteles-Scholien.” Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 157: 27–40. ______(2008). “Empedocles: Physical and Mythical Divinity.” In Curd and Graham (2008). Prior, William J. (1985). Unity and Development in Plato’s Metaphysics. Croom Helm. Pritchard, Evans, ed. (1957). Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1957. Radin, Paul (1927). Primitive Man as Philosopher. Appleton. 2d ed. 1955. New York: Dover 1957. The only book I know on the topic. Radin takes a Marxist approach, but is not at all doctrinaire. His down to earth, intelligent analysis is rooted in his own field work. ______(1937). Primitive Religion. New York: Viking. Reprint ed., New York: Dover, 1957. A sophisticated discussion connecting religious belief and practice to social and economic structure. Radin’s treatment is balanced by a real sympathy for the world view of his respondents and the wisdom it contains. Randall, John Herman (1970). Plato: Dramatist of the Life of Reason. New York: Columbia University Press. Rankin, H.D. (1983). Sophists, Socratics and Cynics. London and Canberra, Totowa, New Jersey: Croom Helm, Barnes and Noble. Raven, J.E. (1948). Pythagoreans and : An Account of the Interaction between Two Opposed Schools. Cambridge University Press. Reprint ed., Ares Publications, 1981. I find much of Raven’s account of the “number atomism” of the Pythagoreans plausible, but see Vlastos (1959) for an influential critique necessitating at least some revisions. Rickless, S. C. (1998). ‘How Parmenides Saved the Theory of Forms’, Philosophical Review 107, 501-554. ______(2007a). Plato’s Forms in Transition: A Reading of the Parmenides. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ______(2007b). “Plato’s Parmenides.” In the Stanford Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Rist, J.M. (1969). Stoic Philosophy. Cambridge. Contains a good discussion of the Stoic view of suicide. ______ed. (1978). The Stoics. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London. ______(1989). The Mind of Aristotle: A Study in Philosophic Growth. Toronto. Robinson, Richard (1953). Plato’s Earlier Dialectic. 2d ed. Oxford. Ch. X: “Hypothesis in the Republic,” reprinted in Vlastos (1971b). Roochnik, D. (1990). The Tragedy of Reason. New York: Routledge. Rorty, Richard M. (1979). Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Presss. Especially Ch. III. Ross, David (1923; rev. 1930, 1937, 1945, 1949). Aristotle. London: Methuen & Co. Rowe, Christopher J., ed. (1993). Plato: Phaedo. Cambridge. Runciman, W.G. (1959). “Plato’s Parmenides.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology. Reprint in Allen (1965) Ch. VII, 149-184. Ryle, Gilbert (1966). Plato’s Progress. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. An entertaining recasting of Plato’s life which, though not generally accepted by scholars, is still worth reading. Saggs, H.W.F (1962). The Greatness that Was Babylon. New York and Toronto: New American Library. Salmon, W.C. (2001, 2nd ed.). Zeno’s Paradoxes. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co. Inc. Sambursky, Samuel (1959). Physics of the Stoics. London: Routledge and Kegal Paul. Translates the more important texts. For some doubts concerning Sambursky’s efforts to draw analogies with modern physical concepts, which is the center of the discussion, see the review by A. Wasserstein in Journal of Hellenic Studies 83 (1963) 186–190. Sandbach, F.H. (1975; 1989). The Stoics. Chatto & Windus, Ltd.; 2d ed. Bristol Classical Press. Repr. ed. 1994, Bristol Classical Press and Hackett Publishing Company. Especially good for Stoic ethics. Santas, Gerasimos (1979). Socrates. Philosophy in Plato’s Early Dialogues. The Arguments of the Philosophers. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Sayre, Kenneth (1983). Plato’s Late Ontology. A Riddle Resolved. Princeton University Press. Schofield, Malcolm, Myles Burnyeat, and Jonathan Barnes (eds.) (1980). Doubt and Dogmatism: Studies in Hellenistic Epistemology. Oxford. Schofield, Malcolm (1980). An Essay on Anaxagoras. Cambridge University Press. Especially interested in Anaxagoras on Mind. Surveys current scholarship. ______(1991). “Heraclitus’s Theory of the Soul and its Antecedents.” In Everson (1991) 13-34. ______(1995). “Cicero’s Definition of Res Publica.” In Powell (1995). Scott, Dominic (1999). “Platonic recollection.” In Fine (1999). This is extracted from Scott’s book, Recollection and Experience: Plato’s Theory of Learning and its Successors (Cambridge: 1995), 3–80. ______(2008). “The Republic.” In Fine (2008). Sedley, David (1981). “The end of the Academy.” Phronesis 26: 67–75. A review of Glucker (1978). ______(1999). “Parmenides and Melissus.” Chapter 6 in A. A. Long (1999), 113-133 ______(2008). “Atomism’s Eleatic Roots.” In Curd and Graham (2008). Seneca (1958). The Stoic Philosophy of Seneca. Translated by Moses Hadas. W.W. Norton & Co. “On Providence,” “On the Shortness of Life,” “On the Tranquillity of Mind,” “Consolation to Helvia,” “On Clemency,” and selections from the Letters, well translated, with a valuable introduction. Seneca (1969). Letters from a Stoic. Translated by Robin Campbell. Penguin Books. A selection from the Letters. Shaw, Gregory (1995). Theurgy and the Soul. The of Iamblichus. Pennsylvania State University Press. Sherry, David (1999). “Thales’s Sure Path.” Studies in History and 30A(4), 621-650. Shields, Christopher, ed. (2002). The Blackwell Guide to Ancient Philosophy. Blackwell Publishing. Shipley, Graham (2000). The Greek World after Alexander 323-30 B.C.E. In the Routledge History of the Ancient World, general editor Fergus Millar. London and New York: Routledge. Smart, Harold R. (1962). Philosophy and Its History. LaSalle, Illinois: Open Court Publishing Company. Smith, Andrew (1974). Porphyry’s Place in the Neoplatonic Tradition—A Study in post-Plotinian Neoplatonism. The Hague. Snell, Bruno (1953). The Discovery of Mind: The Greek Origins of European Thought. Harvard University Press. Reprint in Harper Torchbooks, 1960. Solmsen, F. (1929). Die Entwicklung der Aristotelischen Logik und Rhetorik. Berlin. ______(1965). “Love and Strife in Empedocles' Cosmology.” Phronesis 10: 123-45; repr. in Furley and Allen (1975) vol. 2, 221-64. Sorabji, Richard (1983). Time, Creation and the Continuum. Cornell University Press. ______, ed. (1987). Philoponus and the Refection of Aristotelian Science. Cornell University Press. ______, ed. (1990). Aristotle Transformed. The Ancient Commentators and their Influence. Cornell University Press. Sprague, Rosamund Kent, et al. (1972). The Older Sophists. University of South Carolina Press. Translations of the fragments of the Sophists’ writings, and ancient reports of their views, with introductory essays on each figure. Stokes, Michael (1986). Plato’s Socratic Conversations: Drama and Dialectic in Three Dialogues. New York: Barnes and Noble. Stone, I.F. (1988). The Trial and Death of Socrates. Boston: Little & Brown. Argues that Socrates actually had violated the terms of the amnesty extended to opponents of the Democracy after the overthrow of the Thirty in 404. For criticism, see Irwin (1989a). Striker, Gisela (1980/1996), “Sceptical Strategies,” in Schofield, Burnyeat, and Barnes (1980) 54-83, repr. in Striker (1996), 92-115. ______. (1996). Essays on Hellenistic Epistemology and Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Swanson (1960). The Birth of the Gods: The Origins of Primitive Beliefs. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. Taylor, C.C.W. ed. (1997). Routledge History of Philosophy. Vol. 1: From the Beginning to Plato. Routledge. London and New York. ______(1997a). “Anaxagoras and the Atomists.” Ch. 6, pp. 192-223, in Taylor (1997), Routledge History of Philosophy: Vol. 1: From the Beginnings to Plato. Tarán, L. (1965). Parmenides: A text with Translation, Commentary and Critical Essays. Princeton University Press. Thompson, D’A. W. (1910). In Aristotle: Historia Animalium. In W.D. Ross and J.A. Smith (eds.), The Works of Aristotle Translated into English, vol. 4. Oxford. Trepanier, Simon (2000). “The Structure of Empedocles' Fragment 17.” Essays in Philosophy: A Biannual Journal. Volume 1, Number 1. Untersteiner (1949). The Sophists. Translation of I Sofisti (Turin: 1949) by Kathleen Freeman. Oxford: 1954. Van der Eijk, Philip (2008). “The Role of Medicine in the Formation of Early Greek Thought.” In Curd and Graham (2008). Van der Waerdt, Paul A., ed. (1994). The Socratic Movement. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. Vernant, Jean-Pierre (1984). The Origins of Greek Thought. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. First published in French in 1962. Especially see Chapters 3, 7 and 8, on the political background of early Greek thought. Veyne, Paul (1987). A History of Private Life. Vol 1. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium. Harvard University Press. Vlastos, Gregory (1945,1946). “Ethics and physics in Democritus.” Philosophical Review 54:578-592, 55:53-64. Reprinted in Furley and Allen, vol. 2, and in Vlastos (1993) I. ______(1946). “Solonian justice.” Classical Philology 41:65-83. Reprinted in Vlastos (1993) I. ______(1947). “Equality and justice in the early Greek .” Classical Philology 42: 156-178. Reprint in Furley and Allen and Vlastos (1993) I. Argues convincingly for a political background to early Greek physical thought. ______(1952). “Theology and philosophy in early Greek thought.” Philosophical Quarterly 2: 92-129. Reprinted in Vlastos (1993) I. ______(1953). “Isonomia.” American Journal of Philology 74: 337-366. Reprinted in Vlastos (1993) I. ______(1955). Review of Cornford’s Principium Sapientiae. Gnomon 27:65-76. Reprinted in Furley and Allen I, and in Vlastos (1993) I. ______(1955a). “Heraclitus.” American Journal of Philology 76:337-368. ______(1959). Review of Kirk and Raven... Philosophical Review 68: 531-535. Criticizes Raven’s theories about Pythagorean number atomism, for which, see the first edition of Kirk and Raven (1957) and Raven (1948). ______(ed.) (1971a). The Philosophy of Socrates: A Collection of Critical Essays. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co. ______(ed.) (1971b). Plato. A Collection of Critical Essays. I: Metaphysics and Epistemology. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Co. Inc. Anchor Books. ______(ed.) (1971c). Plato. A Collection of Critical Essays. II: Ethics, Politics, and Philosophy of Art and Religion. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Co. Inc. Anchor Books. ______(1972). “The unity of the in the Protagoras.” Review of Metaphysics 25, 415–458. ______(1973; 2d ed. 1981). Platonic Studies. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ______(1983). “The Socratic elenchus.” Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 1: 27–58. Reprinted in Fine (1999), ch. 1. ______(1985). “Socrates’s disavowal of knowledge.” Philosophical Quarterly 35: 1–31. Reprinted in Fine (1999), ch. 2. ______(1987). “Socratic irony.” Classical Quarterly 37: 79-96. Reprinted in Benson (1992). ______(1988). “Elenchus and mathematics: A turning-point in Plato’s philosophical development.” American Journal of Philology 109: 362-96. Reprinted in Benson (1992). ______(1991). Socrates. Ironist and Moral Philosopher. Cambridge University Press; Cornell University Press. Rejects, in particular, Irwin’s view that Socrates was a hedonist. ______(1993). Studies in Greek Philosophy. Volume 1: The Presocratics. Volume 2: Socrates, Plato and their Tradition. Princeton University Press. Wallis, R.T. (1972, 2nd ed. 1995). Neoplatonism. London and Indianapolis: Gerald Duckworth & Company and Hackett Publishing Company. Wedberg, Anders (1955). “The Theory of Ideas,” Ch. III of Plato’s Philosophy of Mathematics. Reprinted in Vlastos (1971b) ch. 3. ______(1982). History of Philosophy. Volume 1: Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Oxford University Press. Perhaps the best short history of philosophy ever written. Wedberg provides extraordinarily clear and perceptive analyses of the arguments and positions of the various philosophers. He deals with philosophy in its connection with natural science, not religious thought. West, M.L. (1971). Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient. An excellent and judicious account, though probably not skeptical enough. Wheelwright, Phillip (1959). Heraclitus. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Unversity Press. Complete fragments in Greek and English, with detailed discussion of each one. White, Nicholas P. (1976). Plato on Knowledge and Reality. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company. Wians, William, ed. (1996). Aristotle’s Philosophical Development: Problems and Prospects. London: Rowman & Littlefield. A collection of classic pieces as well as surveys of contemporary work. Wilcox, Joel (1994). The Origins of Epistemology in Early Greek Thought. A Study of Psyche and Logos in Heraclitus. Studies in the History of Philosophy, 34. Lewiston, New York: The Edwin Mellen Press. Wilson, Brian R., ed. (1970). Rationality. New York, New York: Harper. A collection of essays bearing on the rationality of preliterate peoples and of their practices and beliefs. The pieces are chosen to represent the range of current views, and many show considerable philosophical as well anthropological sophistication. Windelband, Wilhelm (1899). A History of Philosophy. Revised edition. (First edition, 1892.) Translated by James H. Cushman. Reprinted in 2 vols. (Harper & Row: New York 1958). ______(2d ed., 1894). Geschichte der Alten Philosophy. Translated by James H. Cushman, 1899. Charles Schribner’s Sons. Woodruff, Paul (1990). “Plato’s early theory of knowledge.” In Everson (1990) 60-84. Argues that Socrates was a skeptic not about knowledge as ordinarily understood, but about “expert knowledge,” that is, the pretensions of the expert to a superior sort of knowledge rooted in an understanding of underlying . Woozley, A.D. (1971). “Socrates on disobeying the law.” In Vlastos (1971a). Zeller. A History of Greek Philosophy to the Time of Socrates (1881). Socrates and the Socratic Schools (1877). Plato and the Early Academy (1888). Aristotle and the Earlier Peripatetics (1897). Stoics, Epicureans and Skeptics (1880). (1885). Zeyl (1980). “Socrates and .” Phronesis 25: 250-269. Argues against the view of Nussbaum (1986) and Irwin (1977) that Socrates was a hedonist, holding the hedonism in the Protagoras to be adopted ad hominem to refute Protagoras. Zolberg, A.G. (1981). “Origins of the modern world system. A missing link.” World Politics, Jan 1981.