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A Systematic Review of the Neotropical Water Rats of the Genus Nectomys (Cricetinae)

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A Systematic Review of the Neotropical Water Rats of the Genus Nectomys (Cricetinae) MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 58 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE NEOTROPICAL WATER RATS OF THE GENUS NECTOMYS (CRICETINAE) BY PHILIP HERSHKOVITZ ANN ARBOR UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS JA~nlut~4, 1944 PIUCE LIST OF THE MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Address inquiries to the Director of the Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Bound in Paper No. 1. Directions for Collecting and Preserving Specimens of Dragonflies for Museum Purposes. By E. B. WILLIAMSON.(1916) Pp. 15, 3 figures No. 2. An Annotated List of (1917) Pp. 12, 1 map No. 3. A Collecting Trip to C (1918) Pp. 24. (Out of print) No. 4. aontri No. 5. Contri (1922) Pp. 57, 3 plates .. ..... ............................................. No. 8. The Amphibians and Reptiles of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia.. By ALEXANDERG. RUTHVEN. (1922) Pp. 69, 13 plates, No. 9. Notes No. 10. A Pr No. 11. Notes on the Genus Erythemis, with a Description of a New Species (Odonata). By E. B. WILLIAMSON. The Phylogeny and the Distribution of the Genus Erythemis (Odonata). By CLA~ENOEH. KENNEDY. (1923) Pp. 21, 1 plate ................. ...: $0.50 No. 12. The Genus Gyrotoma. By CALVINGOODRICH. (1924) Pp. 29, 2 plates ... $0.50 No. 13. Studies of the Fishes of the Order Cyprinodontes. By CARL L. HUBBS. (1924) Pp. 23,4 plates $0.76 No. 14. The (tenus Perilestes LIAMSON. (1924) $0.60 NO. 16. A Check-list of the Fishes of the Great Lakes and Tributary Waters, with Nomenclatorial Notes and Analytical Keys. By GAEL L. HUBBS. $1.50 No. 16. $1.00 No. 17. $1.50 No. 18. $1.50 No. 19. SELYN VANTYNE. (1929) Pp. 43, 8 plates, 1 map $0.75 No. 20. Materials for a Revision of the Catostomid Fishes of Eastern North America. By CARLL. HUBBS. (1930) Pp. 47, 1 plate $0.75 No. 21. A Revision of the Libelluline Genus Perithemis (Odonata). By F. RIS. (1930) Pp. 50, 9 plates $0.75 No. 22. $0.50 No. 23. A Revision of with Remarks on the Taxonomic Value of the Concealed Male Geni- taJia in the Cyrtacanthacrinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae). By THEO- DORE H. HUBBELL. (1932) Pp. 64, 3 plates, 1 figure, 1 map ........................ $0.75 (Continued on. last pages) ADVERTISEMENT The publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michi- gan, coiisist of two series-the Occasional Papers and the Miscel- laneous Publications. Both series were founded by Dr. Bryant Wallrcr, Mr. Bradshaw IT. Swales, and Dr. TV. TIT. Newconib. The Occasional Papers, publication of which was begun in 1913, serve as a medium for original studies based principally upon the collcctions ill the Museum. The papers are issued separately to libraries and specialists, and, when a sufficient number of pages have beell printed to nialce a volume, a title page, table of contents, and index are supplied to libraries and individuals on the mailing list for the entire series. The Miscellaneous Publications, which inclnde papers on field and museum techniques, monographic studies, and other colltributions not within the scope of the Occasional Papers, are published sepa- rately, and as it is not intended that they will be grouped into vol- umes each number has a title page,.and, when necessary, a table of contents. FREDERICKM. GAIGE Director of the Museum of Zoology MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSBXTlI OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 58 A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE NEOTROPICAL WATER RATS OF THE GENUS NIECTOMYS (CRICETINAE) BY PHILIP HERSHKOVITZ AhN ARBOR UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS JANUARY4, 1944 CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION................. ...... .... ............................................ ....... ..... ....... ... ......................... 9 Aeltnowledgments 9 Terminology and Abbieviations 10 ENAMELPATTERN AND DFNTALNOMENCLATURE 14 GENUS Nectomys PETERS 18 Distribution 18 Generic Charact 18 Taxonomic Position and Relationship 19 Classification of the Species and Sub 21 Comparisons ...... .... ... I~ldividualTTariation Coloration and Color Measurements Neclom,ys squamipes monlanus, 11 Nectomys sg7samipes garleppii TI Nectomys sqt/,amipes magdalenae Thomas SUBGENUSSigmodontomys ALLEN 70 Subgeneric Characters 70 Nectomys alfari Allen 71 Distribution 71 Characters 72 Comparison 72 PAGE 73 74 Note on Measur 74 74 Nectomys alfari cjricax Goldman .... ... ... .. ... .. ..... ... 75 Nectomys a2far.i russz~lus Thomas 77 Nectomys alfari near rz~ssulus 77 Nectomys alfari esmeraldar?~m 78 Incertae Sedis 80 80 81 Nectomys hammondi Thomas 81 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES (Plates I-IV follow page 88) PLATE 1. FIGS.1 and 2. Dorsal and ventral aspects of cranium of Nectomys squamipes squamipes. FIGS.3 and 4. Dorsal and veiltral aspects of craninin of Ncctomys squamipes n~onlanus. 11. FIGS.1 and 2. Dorsal and ventral aspects of cranium of Nectomys squamipes apicalis. FIGS. 3 and 4. Dorsal and vcntral aspects of cranium of Nectomys squamipes amaronic~~s. 111. FIGS.1 and 2. Dorsal and ve~ltralaspects of crailium of Necton~yssquamipes palmipes. FIGS.3 and 4. Dorsal and ventral aspects of cranium of Necton~yssquamipes melanizrs. IV. FIGS.I and 2. Do~saland ventral aspects of cranium of Nectomys alfari esmeraldarum. FIGS.3 and 4. Dorsal and ventral aspects of craniuin of Neclomys alfari near russt~lus. FIGS.5 and 6. Dorsal and ventral aspects of cranium of Nectomys alfari eficax. FIGS.7 and 8. Dorsal and ventral aspects of eranium of Nectomys alfari eflicax. FIGURES IN THE TEXT FIGURE PAGE 1. Diagiam of the enamel pattern of the molar teeth of oryzomyine rodents 17 2. Dorsal and ventral suifaces of right hind foot of Nectomys alfara and Nec- tomys squamzpes 24 3. Palate of Nectomys a 25 4. Left upper molars of Neclon~yssquamzpes and Nectomys alfarr 28 5. Left lower molars of Nectomys squamzpes and Nectomys alfarz 3 1 MAPS (Maps 1 and 2 follow Plate IV) MAP I. Collecting stations of Necto~nyssquamipes arranged aceordii~gto subspecies. 2. Distribution of subspeeics of Nectomys alfari and species of the Incertae Sedis group. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE NEOTROPICAL WATER RATS OF THE GENUS NECTOMYS ( CRICETINAE ) INTRODUCTION TEIE rats of the genus Neelonays are comparatively large cricetines with large, powerfully developed hind feet. They are moderately specialized for semiaquatic life. They occur near swamps, IaBes, and along the ~vooded banks of streams in tropical America. So far as is lrno~ml,their nests are built under old logs aizd brush heaps or i11 tangled roots and are not pro- vided with special passages or tnnnels leading to water. To judge from situations where individuals of the more highly specialized species have been trapped, it seems that these rals may be oiily slightly ilepeudent upon streams or lakes for foragii~gor refuge. It is most probable that their swimming niodific~ationsare, primarily, adaptations for meeting thc exigen- cies created by the periotlic floocliiigs of their habitats. A total of 452 specimens of Ncclonzys has been exainiiied and classified. This nuruber represents, rongllly, one water rat for each 10,000 square miles of the whole area in which the gcnus is known to occur. The vast majority of the available specimens have beell talrcn in the peripheral parts of tlie range of thc genus. A nzere handhl of specirrlcrls represents the Ainazon Valley and coastal states of Brazil. This material, however, has been ade- quate for resolving most of the tasonoizlic probleins which have beell accnmu- lating and malring it ii~creasil~glydifficult to deal with tlie gelins and its I wish to express my sincere appreciation to thc authorities of the various institutions whose co-operation has nzadc this study possible. For the loan of specimens and lor their liiiidness in granting nie permissio~lto study aizd describe the material in their charge I am especially grateful to Dr. 13. E. Anthony, Dr. G. 11. 11. Tate, and G. G. Goodwin, of the A~liericaizBluseum of Natural History; to Dr. W. 13. Osgood and C. C. Sanborn, of the Fiela Museum of Natural IIistory ; to Ilr. G. M. Allen, of the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology, IIarvard University; and to G. S. n'liller, Jr., and Dr. ltemiiig- ton Kellogg, of the United States National M~xseuni;also to Major E. A. Goldman and Dr. H. H. T. Jackson for the loan of Neciomys in the U. S. Biological Surveys collection. I am indebted to J. 8. Doutt for the loan of all specimeils of Oryzonzys in the Carnegie Maseunz collection; this nzate- rial was ail illdispensable adjunct to the present study. I wish to express my admiration of Rayiiloi~dM. Gilmore7s abilities as a field collector. Mr. 9 10 PIIILIP I-IERSHKOVITZ Gilmore, as research associate of the International Health Division of the 13oclrefeller Foundation, collected in Brazil inaterial which is now deposited i11 the American Museum of Natural History and which provides an almost inexhaustible source for scientific research ; it iiicludes the largest and finest single series of Nectomys preserved in any institution and merits much more detailed study than time permitted me to make. I am deeply grateful to Grace Eager for skillful preparation of the drawings, and to Elsa K. Hertz for stenographic assistance. In the preparation of this report, as in all my previous work, the co- operation, guidance, and helpful criticisills of Dr. W. H. Burt have been the most important factors. TERMINOLOGY AND ABBREVIATIONS The fur oE the dorsum of Neetomys, as i11 practically all thiclr-furred animals, is composed of three main types of hairs. The terms adopted here to distinguish each of the types are eql~ivalentto those which have been described and classified by Toldt (1935). 1. Guard hair (= Leithaar, Toldt; guard hair, and overhair [part] of authors). hongest hair of dorsum. Basal one-half gray, fine; terminal one- half dark brown, expanded into a blade with a long fine tip. 2. Cover hair (= Grannenhanr, Toldt ; overhair [part], and underfur [part] of authors).
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