Architypes Vol. 15 Issue 1, 2006
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The Honourable Horace Harvey, Chief Justice of Alberta
VOL . XXXII NOVEMBER 1954 No . 9 The Honourable Horace Harvey, Chief Justice of Alberta WILBUR F. BOWKER* Edmonton "Who is going to run this country, the Chief Justice or the Govern- ment?" On July 11th, 1918, an army officer named Major R. B. Eaton put this question to John McCaffary, a deputy sherif. McCaffary had come to Victoria Barracks at Calgary to execute a writ of attachment against Lieutenant-Colonel Philip Moore for declining to obey an order by way of habeas corpus that directed him to bring before the Supreme Court of Alberta twenty con- scripts in his battalion. Colonel Moore had been told by his mili- tary superiors at Ottawa to absent himself and the deputy sheriff had been unable to find him. Major Eaton's rhetorical question was really an accusation that Horace Harvey, Chief Justice of Alberta, was trying to obstruct the Canadian government in its prosecution of the war. This incident requires explanation. In the early years of the First Great War Canada's military forces were raised entirely by voluntary enlistment . By August 1917 the government had decid ed that conscription was necessary and asked Parliament to pass the Military Service Act, which provided for conscription, but exempted persons in essential occupations. By the spring of 1918 *Wilbur Fee Bowker, Q.C., B.A., LL.B. (Alta.), LL.M. (Minnesota), Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Alberta. 934 THE CANADIAN BAR REVIEW [VOL . XXXII it had become apparent that reinforcements were still inadequate . The cabinet could have asked Parliament to ~ mend the Military Service Act by removing the exemptions, but instead in April 1918, while Parliament was in session, the Governor in Council made two orders in council under the War Measures Act, which gives the Governor in Council wide powers to make orders m the inter- est of national safety during war. -
Translating the Constitution Act, 1867
TRANSLATING THE CONSTITUTION ACT, 1867 A Legal-Historical Perspective by HUGO YVON DENIS CHOQUETTE A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Law in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada September 2009 Copyright © Hugo Yvon Denis Choquette, 2009 Abstract Twenty-seven years after the adoption of the Constitution Act, 1982, the Constitution of Canada is still not officially bilingual in its entirety. A new translation of the unilingual Eng- lish texts was presented to the federal government by the Minister of Justice nearly twenty years ago, in 1990. These new French versions are the fruits of the labour of the French Constitutional Drafting Committee, which had been entrusted by the Minister with the translation of the texts listed in the Schedule to the Constitution Act, 1982 which are official in English only. These versions were never formally adopted. Among these new translations is that of the founding text of the Canadian federation, the Constitution Act, 1867. A look at this translation shows that the Committee chose to de- part from the textual tradition represented by the previous French versions of this text. In- deed, the Committee largely privileged the drafting of a text with a modern, clear, and con- cise style over faithfulness to the previous translations or even to the source text. This translation choice has important consequences. The text produced by the Commit- tee is open to two criticisms which a greater respect for the prior versions could have avoided. First, the new French text cannot claim the historical legitimacy of the English text, given their all-too-dissimilar origins. -
A Decade of Adjustment 1950-1962
8 A Decade of Adjustment 1950-1962 When the newly paramount Supreme Court of Canada met for the first timeearlyin 1950,nothing marked theoccasionasspecial. ltwastypicalof much of the institution's history and reflective of its continuing subsidiary status that the event would be allowed to pass without formal recogni- tion. Chief Justice Rinfret had hoped to draw public attention to the Court'snew position throughanotherformalopeningofthebuilding, ora reception, or a dinner. But the government claimed that it could find no funds to cover the expenses; after discussing the matter, the cabinet decided not to ask Parliament for the money because it might give rise to a controversial debate over the Court. Justice Kerwin reported, 'They [the cabinet ministers] decided that they could not ask fora vote in Parliament in theestimates tocoversuchexpensesas they wereafraid that that would give rise to many difficulties, and possibly some unpleasantness." The considerable attention paid to the Supreme Court over the previous few years and the changes in its structure had opened broader debate on aspects of the Court than the federal government was willing to tolerate. The government accordingly avoided making the Court a subject of special attention, even on theimportant occasion of itsindependence. As a result, the Court reverted to a less prominent position in Ottawa, and the status quo ante was confirmed. But the desire to avoid debate about the Court discouraged the possibility of change (and potentially of improvement). The St Laurent and Diefenbaker appointments during the first decade A Decade of Adjustment 197 following termination of appeals showed no apparent recognition of the Court’s new status. -
Paul J. Lawrence Fonds PF39
FINDING AID FOR Paul J. Lawrence fonds PF39 User-Friendly Archival Software Tools provided by v1.1 Summary The "Paul J. Lawrence fonds" Fonds contains: 0 Subgroups or Sous-fonds 4 Series 0 Sub-series 0 Sub-sub-series 2289 Files 0 File parts 40 Items 0 Components Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................Biographical/Sketch/Administrative History .........................................................................................................................54 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................Scope and Content .........................................................................................................................54 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... -
LOUIS RIEL, from HERETIC to HERO: a NEW HISTORICAL SYNTHESIS by Wesley Brent Bilsky a THESIS SUBMITTED in PARTIAL FULFILLMENT O
LOUIS RIEL, FROM HERETIC TO HERO: A NEW HISTORICAL SYNTHESIS By Wesley Brent Bilsky A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS Supervisor: Gregg Finley, PhD Second Reader: Aloysius Balawyder, PhD Copy Editor: Judith L. Davids, M.C.S. This Thesis Is Accepted By: _____________________________ Academic Dean ST. STEPHEN’S UNIVERSITY April 16, 2011 Bilsky CONTENTS ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………………...…......... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………………………………..…….... iii PREFACE ……………………………………………………………………………………………....…. iv INTRODUCTION: ALMOST A HERO ………………………………………………………………….... 1 CHAPTER I HISTORICAL REVISIONISM: PURPOSE VERSUS PERCEPTION ….….…………..…... 6 Purpose ……………………………….………………………………………………………………... 6 Perception ……………………………….…………………………………………….……………… 12 Closing the Gap ……………………………….……………………………………...................….… 15 The Historical Window ……………………….……………………………………………………… 18 CHAPTER II REVISING RIEL: FROM REBEL TO MARTYR …………………………..…………..... 21 A Rebel is Born ………………………………………………………….…………………………… 21 A Captivity Narrative ………………………………………………………….……………………... 26 Early Influences ………………………………………………………….………................................ 28 The Metamorphosis Begins – 1869 ……………………………………………………….…….……. 30 Building on Stanley and Morton ………………………………………………….………………….. 36 The Birth of a Martyr – 1885 ………………………………………………….……………...….…... 40 The Charges Challenged …………………………………………………........................................... 46 A Collaborative Future ……………………………………………………………………...…….…. 49 -
Gender, Race, and Class in the Alberta Criminal
Criminalizing Women in the Last Best West: Gender, Race, and Class in the Alberta Criminal Justice System, 1892-1920. Sarah Hall Memorial University of Newfoundland October, 11, 2019 Table of Contents Abstract i Acknowledgements ii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: A Brief History of Alberta 18 Chapter 3: The Last Days of the Frontier, 1892-1904 40 Chapter 4: Growing Pains, 1905-1913 50 Chapter 5: The Effects of War and What Comes After, 1914-1920 67 Chapter 6: Conclusion 85 Bibliography 89 i Abstract Research addressing the regional differences in patterns of criminalization between Central Canada and Western Canada has been overlooked by many historians of criminal law. This research looks into those differences and explores how the unique developments in the political, social, and economic history of Alberta influences the patterns of criminalization women of different races, and social classes experienced as Alberta transitioned from a Territory to a Province (1892-1920). The findings reveal a complex evolution of gender, race, and class discourses as Alberta’s frontier society was transformed to an agrarian society and later a mixed agrarian and industrial society as settler colonialism, temperance and social reform campaigns, and geopolitical upheaval redefined the region. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Jessica Riches for days spent in the archives and endless support, Dr. Mélanie Méthot for nurturing a passion for history, inspiring an interest in criminal law and going above and beyond for her students, Dr. Heather Stanley for getting the ball rolling, and Dr. Kurt Korneski for adopting this project and seeing it through to the end. -
Ian Bushnell*
JUstice ivan rand and the roLe of a JUdge in the nation’s highest coUrt Ian Bushnell* INTRODUCTION What is the proper role for the judiciary in the governance of a country? This must be the most fundamental question when the work of judges is examined. It is a constitutional question. Naturally, the judicial role or, more specifically, the method of judicial decision-making, critically affects how lawyers function before the courts, i.e., what should be the content of the legal argument? What facts are needed? At an even more basic level, it affects the education that lawyers should experience. The present focus of attention is Ivan Cleveland Rand, a justice of the Supreme Court of Canada from 1943 until 1959 and widely reputed to be one of the greatest judges on that Court. His reputation is generally based on his method of decision-making, a method said to have been missing in the work of other judges of his time. The Rand legal method, based on his view of the judicial function, placed him in illustrious company. His work exemplified the traditional common law approach as seen in the works of classic writers and judges such as Sir Edward Coke, Sir Matthew Hale, Sir William Blackstone, and Lord Mansfield. And he was in company with modern jurists whose names command respect, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Benjamin Cardozo, as well as a law professor of Rand at Harvard, Roscoe Pound. In his judicial decisions, addresses and other writings, he kept no secrets about his approach and his view of the judicial role. -
The Recovery of Unlawful Tax in Canada
The Recovery of Unlawful Tax in Canada: Re-evaluating the Kingstreet Cause of Action in light of Developments in the Law of Unjust Enrichment in Canada and England by Polimenis Koundouros A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Laws Faculty of Law University of Toronto © Copyright by Polimenis Koundouros (2017) The Recovery of Unlawful Tax in Canada: Re-evaluating the Kingstreet Cause of Action in light of Developments in the Law of Unjust Enrichment in Canada and England Polimenis Koundouros Master of Laws Faculty of Law University of Toronto November 2017 Abstract A decade after Kingstreet Investments Ltd v New Brunswick, this thesis re-evaluates the Supreme Court of Canada’s rejection of unjust enrichment in favour of a standalone public law restitutionary cause of action for the recovery of unlawful tax. I argue that the recognition of the Kingstreet cause of action threatens the coherence of the Canadian law of restitution and is inconsistent with more recent jurisprudence permitting unjust enrichment claims against the Crown in other contexts. I also argue that the Supreme Court’s doubts about whether the levying of unlawful tax constitutes an enrichment in the Crown’s hands (and a deprivation on the taxpayer’s part) are largely misplaced. Analyzing recent developments in both Canadian and English law, I contend that the law of unjust enrichment is perfectly capable of providing an adequate route to recovery while protecting the important constitutional principles at stake in unlawful tax -
Beverley Mclachlin PC, CC, Cstj, Fciarb
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE Beverley McLachlin PC, CC, CStJ, FCIArb The Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin served as Chief Justice of Canada from 2000 to mid-December 2017. In the summer of 2018, Ms. McLachlin became a Member Arbitrator at Arbitration Place. Ms. McLachlin works as an arbitrator and mediator in Canada and internationally. She brings to those forms of dispute resolution her broad and deep experience for over 35 years in deciding a wide range of business law and public law disputes, in both common law and civil law; her ability to work in both English and French; and her experience and skill in leading and consensus-building for many years as the head of a diverse nine-member court. Ms. McLachlin also sits as a Justice of Singapore’s International Commercial Court and the Hong Kong Final Court of Appeal. Her judicial career began in 1981 in the province of British Columbia, Canada. She was appointed to the Supreme Court of British Columbia (a court of first instance) later that year and was elevated to the British Columbia Court of Appeal in 1985. She was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of British Columbia in 1988 and seven months later, she was sworn in as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada. Ms. McLachlin is the author of numerous legal articles and Ms. McLachlin is the first and only woman to be Chief Justice of publications, as well as a mystery novel, Full Disclosure, published Canada and she is Canada’s longest serving Chief Justice. in 2018. The former Chief Justice chaired the Canadian Judicial Council, the The 2,094 Supreme Court of Canada judgments in which she Advisory Council of the Order of Canada and the Board of Governors participated - of which she wrote 442 - and her legal writings of the National Judicial Institute. -
Architypes Vol. 25 Issue 2, 2016
LEGAL ARCHIVES SOCIETY OF ALBERTA Architypes To understand the evolution of law and society in Alberta is to understand our past... Newsletter Volume 25, Issue 2 Fall 2016 Calgary Historical From the Vault The Agreement Edmonton Historical William Robinson 2016 Annual Campaign Dinner LASA Processes Judge Medicine Hat Dinner Howson Make your mark on Join LASA for our Annual John Sissons’ Papers from LASA premieres our first Recapping the Hon. Jean Edmonton Lawyer Alberta’s legal history Historical Dinner, October North of 60° historical docu-drama Côté William Robinson 20, 2016 about a Medicine Hat Howson’s unique career lawyer path Historical Dinners A Tale of Two Courts: Please join the Legal Archives Society of Alberta in welcoming our lively guest speaker, the Honourable James Foster, Q.C., a form Minister of Justice From Magistrate’s Court to and Justice of the Court of Queen’s Bench. Mr. Foster will recall the events that led to the contentious and transformational change of the Alberta justice system in 1979, from the the Court of Queen’s Bench District Courts and the Supreme Court of Alberta to the Provincial Court, the Court of Queen’s Bench, and the Court of Appeal. It also led to the creation of the Department of the Attorney General, which included a new Medical Examiner system. Transformation is not always easy. Mr. Foster, the Minister of Justice of the day will give an insider’s perspective at the support and surprising resistance from judges, lawyers, benchers, politicians, police, and even the Calgary Herald. How did such a transformation happen in the face of considerable opposition from many players in the justice system in Alberta? We invite you to join us for this riveting tale of two Courts? Last sitting of the Supreme Court of Please join LASA at the Fairmont Palliser Hotel in Calgary on Thursday, Alberta, Trial Division, October 20, 2016 at 6:00 p.m. -
The Supremecourt History Of
The SupremeCourt of Canada History of the Institution JAMES G. SNELL and FREDERICK VAUGHAN The Osgoode Society 0 The Osgoode Society 1985 Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-34179 (cloth) Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Snell, James G. The Supreme Court of Canada lncludes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-802@34179 (bound). - ISBN 08020-3418-7 (pbk.) 1. Canada. Supreme Court - History. I. Vaughan, Frederick. 11. Osgoode Society. 111. Title. ~~8244.5661985 347.71'035 C85-398533-1 Picture credits: all pictures are from the Supreme Court photographic collection except the following: Duff - private collection of David R. Williams, Q.c.;Rand - Public Archives of Canada PA@~I; Laskin - Gilbert Studios, Toronto; Dickson - Michael Bedford, Ottawa. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Social Science Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. THE SUPREME COURT OF CANADA History of the Institution Unknown and uncelebrated by the public, overshadowed and frequently overruled by the Privy Council, the Supreme Court of Canada before 1949 occupied a rather humble place in Canadian jurisprudence as an intermediate court of appeal. Today its name more accurately reflects its function: it is the court of ultimate appeal and the arbiter of Canada's constitutionalquestions. Appointment to its bench is the highest achieve- ment to which a member of the legal profession can aspire. This history traces the development of the Supreme Court of Canada from its establishment in the earliest days following Confederation, through itsattainment of independence from the Judicial Committeeof the Privy Council in 1949, to the adoption of the Constitution Act, 1982. -
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW of CANADA, 2Nd Ed., by Peter Hogg, Carswell, Toronto, 1985, Pp. Ixxv and 988. Since Publication in 1977, Professor Peter W
550 ALBERTA LAW REVIEW [VOL. XXIV, NO. 3 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF CANADA, 2nd ed., by Peter Hogg, Carswell, Toronto, 1985, pp. Ixxv and 988. Since publication in 1977, Professor Peter W. Hogg's Constitutional Law of Canada has been a standard reference in the area, consulted by students, academics and practitioners. Professor Hogg has up-dated his text, and added important new chapters dealing with amendments to the Constitution, and particularly with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The revisions are substantial and have significantly increased the length of the text, which, as Professor Hogg points out in his preface is not surprising in view of the large amount of recent political, legislati;e, and judicial activity relating to the Canadian Constitution. As with the First Edition, the Second Edition is arranged in three parts. The first, entitled Basic Concepts, contains material that is somewhat unusual in law reference books, as it goes beyond legal authorities to provide an historical summary of the Canadian Constitution, including recent developments involved in the adoption of an amending formula and patriation of the Constitution. This part of the text provides an excellent background to the practicing lawyer or law student, and would also be of 1986 CanLIIDocs 115 interest to non-lawyers seeking an understanding of the Canadian political constitution. Throughout the text, the writing is lucid and can be understood by those unfamiliar with the subjects, but is also detailed, thoughtful and thought-provoking. In addition to providing an historical context, Professor Hogg also gives a comparative context, discussing differences in the basic approaches to the larger issues of distribution of powers and judicial review in Canada as opposed to Australia and the United States.