Ronald S. Fearing Professor Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley, CA94720
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Ornithopter Wing Optimization
Ornithopter Wing Optimization Sandra Mau Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto Downsview, Ontario, Canada Aug. 2003 Abstract A new ornithopter wing was designed using analytical software to theoretically produce enough lift and thrust to propel an engine-powered piloted aircraft into steady flight. Nomenclature GJtotal Total torsional stiffness of segment GJspar Torsional stiffness of segment spar GJf+r Torsional stiffness of segment fabric and ribs Xea Distance from leading edge to elastic axis Xs Distance from leading edge to spar mass centre mspar Mass of segment spar mf+r Mass of segment fabric and ribs Ispar Moment of inertia of segment spar If+r Moment of inertia of segment fabric and ribs EI Bending stiffness at elastic axis α Inboard sweep (inner crank angle) β Crank angle (outer) AR Aspect ratio Introduction After centuries of dreaming to fly with the birds, the Wright brothers gave flight to those dreams in 1903 when they built and flew the first successful powered and piloted aircraft. However, the dream of flying like the birds still eludes us to this day. Ornithopters are what innovators like Leonardo DaVinci have imagined since before the 1500s; before rigid-wing aircrafts like that of the Wrights. They are mechanical, powered, flapping-wing aircrafts – to imitate the flapping wings of a bird. This type of flight has continually been pursued throughout the ages. Some notable developments in flapping-wing flight included Alphonse Penaud’s rubber-powered model ornithopter in 1984, the gliding human-powered ornithopter of Alexander Lippisch in 1929, and Percival Spencer’s series of engine-powered, free-flight models in the 1960s. -
Review of Advanced Medical Telerobots
applied sciences Review Review of Advanced Medical Telerobots Sarmad Mehrdad 1,†, Fei Liu 2,† , Minh Tu Pham 3 , Arnaud Lelevé 3,* and S. Farokh Atashzar 1,4,5 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University (NYU), Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (S.F.A.) 2 Advanced Robotics and Controls Lab, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA; [email protected] 3 Ampère, INSA Lyon, CNRS (UMR5005), F69621 Villeurbanne, France; [email protected] 4 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University (NYU), Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA 5 NYU WIRELESS, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-0472-436035 † Mehrdad and Liu contributed equally to this work and share the first authorship. Abstract: The advent of telerobotic systems has revolutionized various aspects of the industry and human life. This technology is designed to augment human sensorimotor capabilities to extend them beyond natural competence. Classic examples are space and underwater applications when distance and access are the two major physical barriers to be combated with this technology. In modern examples, telerobotic systems have been used in several clinical applications, including teleoperated surgery and telerehabilitation. In this regard, there has been a significant amount of research and development due to the major benefits in terms of medical outcomes. Recently telerobotic systems are combined with advanced artificial intelligence modules to better share the agency with the operator and open new doors of medical automation. In this review paper, we have provided a comprehensive analysis of the literature considering various topologies of telerobotic systems in the medical domain while shedding light on different levels of autonomy for this technology, starting from direct control, going up to command-tracking autonomous telerobots. -
Robot Theatre Marek Perkowski 1
Towards Robot Theatre Marek Perkowski 1. History of robot theatre 2. Modern robot theatre 3. Robot theatre at PSU 4. Models of robot theatre 5. Research topics on Robot Theatre 6. Future Robot Theatre History of Robot Theatre From antiquity until 1996 Heron’s Book Automata Robot Theatre of Hero • A collection of constructions called miracles of Alexandria (thaumata) for temples. • Heron describes automatic rotating objectives, noise such as thunder, automatic opening doors. • Philon from Byzanz describes the existence of automata in his book Mechaniki syntaxis, that includes pneumatic apparatus and automatic astronomical devices as early as 300 BC. Albertus Magnus and his robot head Albertus is recorded as having made a mechanical automaton in the form of a brass head that would answer questions put to it. Knight of Leonardo Da Vinci 1. Leonardo's robot refers to a humanoid automaton designed by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1495. 2. The design notes for the robot appear in sketchbooks that were rediscovered in the 1950s. 3. It is not known whether or not an attempt was made to build the device during da Vinci's lifetime. 4. Since the discovery of the sketchbook, the robot has been built faithfully based on Leonardo's design; this proved it was fully functional. Duck of Vaucanson • The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. • The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them Constructed and unveiled in 1770 by Wolfgang von Turk of Kempelen Kempelen (1734–1804) to impress the Empress Maria Theresa • The Turk was in fact a mechanical illusion that allowed a human chess master hiding inside to operate the machine. -
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle
K.P.Preethi et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 1, (Part – 3) January 2016, pp.133-150 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Design, Fabrication and Testing Of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle K. P. Preethi Manohari Sai1, K. Bharadwaj2, K. Ravi Teja3, Kalyan Dagamoori4, 5 6 Kasiraju Venkata Sai Tarun , Vishnu Vijayan 1,2,3,6B.Tech Student, Department Of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute Of Technology, Dundigal, Hyderabad. INDIA. 4 B.Tech Student, Department Of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute Of Technology and Management, Dundigal, Hyderabad. INDIA. 5B.Tech Student, Department Of Aeronautical Engineering, GITAM UNIVERSITY, Hyderabad. INDIA. ABSTRACT: Flapping flight has the potential to revolutionize micro air vehicles (MAVs) due to increased aerodynamic performance, improved maneuverability and hover capabilities. The purpose of this project is to design and fabrication of flapping wing micro air vehicle. The designed MAV will have a wing span of 40cm. The drive mechanism will be a gear mechanism to drive the flapping wing MAV, along with one actuator. Initially, a preliminary design of flapping wing MAV is drawn and necessary calculation for the lift calculation has been done. Later a CAD model is drawn in CATIA V5 software. Finally we tested by Flying. Keywords : Flapping wing mav, Ornithopter, Components of MEMS etc. I. INTRODUCTION : An ornithopter( from Greek ornithos "bird" and are not actually aircraft. Some early manned flight pteron "wing") is an aircraft that flies by flapping its attempts may have been intended to achieve wings. Designers tend to imitated by the flapping- flapping-wing flight though probably only a glide wing flight of birds, bats, and insects. -
Panospheric Video for Robotic Telexploration
Panospheric Video for Robotic Telexploration John R. Murphy CMU-RI-TR-98-10 Submined in partial fulfiient of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Robotics The Robotics Institute Cknegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 May 1998 0 1998 by John R. Murphy. All rights reserved. This research was supported in part by NASA grant NAGW-117.5. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of NASA or the U.S. Government. Robotics Thesis Panospheric Video for Robotic Telexploration John Murphy Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of Robotics ACC-. William L. Whittaka TheEis Cormittee Chair Date Matthew T. Mason- - Program Chir Y Date APPROVED: fL-4 36 JiiIff+? Pa Christian0 Rowst Date - Abstract Teleoperation using cameras and monitors fails to achieve the rich and natural perceptions available during direct hands-on operation. Optimally. a reniote telepresence reproduces visual sensations that enable equivalent understanding and interaction as direct operation. Through irnrnersive video acquisition and display. the situational awareness ola remote operator is brought closer lo that of direct operation. Early teleoperation research considered the value of wide tields of view. Howe~er. utilization of wide fields of view meant sacrificing resolution and presenting distorted imagery to the viewer. With recent advances in technology. these problems are no longer barriers to hyper-wide field of view video. Acquisition and display of video conveying the entire surroundings of a tclcoperated mobile robot requires innolwtion of hardware and software. -
Mapping the Evolution of the Robotics Industry: a Cross-Country Comparison
MAPPING THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROBOTICS INDUSTRY: A CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON Eric Estolatan, Aldo Geuna, Marco Guerzoni, and Massimiliano Nuccio INNOVATION POLICY LAB WORKING PAPER SERIES 2018-01 Abstract Industry 4.0 may be regarded as an emerging approach to the adoption of next-generation robotics for industrial applications. Our study sheds light on the current state of robotics, with a particular focus on robots for industrial applications. The research combines publicly-available information from company press releases, news articles, peer-reviewed journals and trade and industry reports. The paper is organized in four sections. Section 1 discusses some definitions of robotics and robotics sub- classes, and various robotics classifications. Sections 2 and 3 provide a snapshot of demand and supply of robotics, and offers some insights into select regional markets and global technological trends. Section 4 describes the challenges and opportunities surrounding robotics and Industry 4.0, and the future impact of these technologies. JEL Codes:O33, L52, L63 Keywords: robotics, Industry 4.0, cyber-physical systems, industrial robots, co-bots Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank ASPEN Institute Italia for the reference to some data from the report: Digital disruption and the transformation of Italian manufacturing by Geuna A., Guerzoni, M., Nuccio M., Pammolli F. and Rungi A. (2017) available at: https://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia- online/article/digital-disruption-and-manufacturing-transformation-italian-case-study 2 1. Introduction: the rise of cyber-physical systems Digital technology has the potential to re-shape current industrial processes at a magnitude comparable to previous industrial revolutions. The first one which occurred the XIX century was characterized by steam and water; the second at the beginning of the XX century was related to electricity and the moving assembly line, which steered mass production; with the third revolution of the 1980s we shift from analog to digital technologies. -
Ethics and Robotics. a First Approach1
ETHICS AND ROBOTICS. A FIRST APPROACH1. RAFAEL DE ASÍS ROIG2 Abstract: Clearly, technical and scientific progress and moral progress do not necessarily go hand in hand. Therefore, this article encourages reflection on the new ethical challenges posed by such developments and, in particular, by robotics, a field that has developed greatly in recent decades and that has led to possibilities unimaginable until recently. Thus, the author examines here the so-called roboethics, its content, the specific fields it addresses –such as social relations and moral agency of robots–, as well as the different approaches and views on these issues. Keywords: Ethics, robotics, moral agent, human rights Contents: I. INTRODUCTION; II. ROBOTICS; III. ROBOETHICS. I. INTRODUCTION In the 20th and 21st centuries there have been major advances in both the scientific and technical field. The first one has been named the science century. In this regard, it has been claimed that the first half of the 20th century focused on Physics whilst the second half on Biology, Genetics and Computer Science (Rifkin 1998: p. 20). As for the 21st century until now is characterised by the rise of Neuroscience and Nanotechnology as well as by advances in the field of Robotics (in connection with the other areas but especially to I.T). However, despite all these advances, poverty, hunger and dissatisfaction regarding rights still persist. It is not surprising that Th. Pogge commences his book World Poverty and Human Rights examining how it is possible that extreme poverty affects half of humanity despite the enormous economic and technological progress, and how it is possible that the distribution of scientific and technological benefits is so uneven (Pogge 2002). -
Teleoperation of a 7 DOF Humanoid Robot Arm Using Human Arm Accelerations and EMG Signals
Teleoperation of a 7 DOF Humanoid Robot Arm Using Human Arm Accelerations and EMG Signals J. Leitner, M. Luciw, A. Forster,¨ J. Schmidhuber Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA) & Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera Italiana (SUPSI) & Universita` della Svizzera italiana (USI), Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] Abstract 2 Background and Related Work We present our work on tele-operating a complex hu- The presented research combines a variety of subsys- manoid robot with the help of bio-signals collected from tems together to allow the safe and robust teleoperation of the operator. The frameworks (for robot vision, collision a complex humanoid robot. For the experiments herein, avoidance and machine learning), developed in our lab, we are using computer vision, together with accelerom- allow for a safe interaction with the environment, when eters and EMG signals collected on the operator’s arm combined. This even works with noisy control signals, to remotely control the 7 degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot such as, the operator’s hand acceleration and their elec- arm – and the 5 fingered end-effector – during reaching tromyography (EMG) signals. These bio-signals are used and grasping tasks. to execute equivalent actions (such as, reaching and grasp- ing of objects) on the 7 DOF arm. 2.1 Robotic Teleoperation Telerobotics usually refers to the remote control of 1 Introduction robotic systems over a (wireless) link. First use of tele- robotics dates back to the first robotic space probes used More and more robots are sent to distant or dangerous during the 20-th century. Remote manipulators are nowa- environments to perform a variety of tasks. -
Review on System Identification and Mathematical Modeling of Flapping
applied sciences Review Review on System Identification and Mathematical Modeling of Flapping Wing Micro-Aerial Vehicles Qudrat Khan 1 and Rini Akmeliawati 2,* 1 Center for Advanced Studies in Telecommunications, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; [email protected] 2 School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: The paper provides a comprehensive review on various system identifi- cation and modeling techniques for flapping wing micro-aerial vehicles (FWMAVs) that will be useful for researchers in order to obtain mathematical modeling of FWMAVs. Abstract: This paper presents a thorough review on the system identification techniques applied to flapping wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs). The main advantage of this work is to provide a solid background and domain knowledge of system identification for further investigations in the field of FWMAVs. In the system identification context, the flapping wing systems are first categorized into tailed and tailless MAVs. The most recent developments related to such systems are reported. The system identification techniques used for FWMAVs can be classified into time-response based identification, frequency-response based identification, and the computational fluid-dynamics based computation. In the system identification scenario, least mean square estimation is used for a beetle mimicking system recognition. In the end, this review work is concluded and some recommendations for the researchers working in this area are presented. Citation: Khan, Q.; Akmeliawati, R. Keywords: system identification; mathematical modeling; aerodynamics; flapping wing micro- Review on System Identification and aerial vehicles Mathematical Modeling of Flapping Wing Micro-Aerial Vehicles. -
Development of Small Sized Fixed Wing Unmanned Aerial System
Development of Small Sized Fixed Wing Unmanned Aerial System PI: Professor A.K. Ghosh, Department of Aerospace Engineering Co-PI: Professor Deepu Philip, Department of Industrial and Management Engineering Professor J. Ramkumar, Department of Mechanical Engineering Professor Nishchal Vema, Department of Electrical Engineering Sponsor: IIT Kanpur and Prabhu Goel Foundation Product Characteristics he project aimed at developing a small sized Unmanned Aerial î Easy to assemble – modular approach, can System (UAS) based on the fixed wing platform, having long be carried on the back of a Jeep or Gypsy endurance, in a pusher configuration; capable of both civil and î Short take-off and landing: approximately T defense applications. The platform was chosen specifically to 50 feet of flat surface as runway î Autonomous flight capability – controlled accommodate future modifications to the design; larger wingspan by on-board autopilot, allows for multiple and heavier payloads. flight modes î Navigation and Flight modes: GPS based The developed UAS has long endurance - greater than seven hours, Waypoint navigation as well as loitering and good all-up weight - about 16 - 21 kilograms, in which payload flight mode for target tracking capacity varies from 2-6 kilograms. The UAS propulsion system can be î Payloads: Multiple surveillance and either electrical or gasoline, both mounted in a pusher configuration. environmental sensing payloads. The pusher configuration was chosen keeping in mind futuristic Example: EO camera, IR camera, Dual, Aerosol sensors, CO₂ sensors, etc. application of the UAS in sensitive areas where exhaust fumes from î Maximum Take Off Weight (MTOW): 16 to puller engine may affect different environmental sensors. -
Bionic Ornithopter Owl (Stealth Flight)
International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science ISSN (Online): 2455-9024 Bionic Ornithopter Owl (Stealth Flight) G. Hemalatha1, S. Arulgnanasundari2, R. Prithviraj3, D. Godwin Sam4 1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, PPG Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India 2, 3, 4UG Scholar, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, PPG Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India Abstract—The present world has been reached to a stage wherever been designed and also the style limitation is illustrated during most of the subtle and sensitive tasks square measure largely done by this thesis. artificial hands. Drones, robots have been replaced the place of human with their uncompromised accuracy and efficiency. Regards II. BLOCK DIAGRAM this development the importance of study regarding robots or pilotless vehicles to perform sensitive works beneath human management may be a high demand of your time. We square measure concentrating on the aerial vehicles wish to integrate our ideas and works to develop a replacement kind of flight system to boost the management and manoeuvring talents of flying UAVs or drones. Our experiments will open a port for next generation flight development for drone applications. Our logic is nothing can fly efficient as the birds do. So copying from the flying behaviour of bird is possible to gain all the abilities like the bird. We developed a model that flaps its wings in fastened amplitude with variable frequencies. To do this we introduced a crank shaft mechanism to drive the wings. The model is Fig. 1. Block diagram high-powered by a 100watt dc motor with necessary case assemblies. Making it light weight was always a big challenge from the A. -
1 Robot Visions
1 Robot Visions Our dream is to create a society where it is nothing special for people to live together with robots. Akifumi Tamaoki beginnings For much of my childhood in Kodaira, a suburban community west of Tokyo,1 I had to watch television at our neighbors’ homes. We only acquired a black-and-white set in 1964 to watch the Summer Olympics, by which time the fields and chestnut orchards surrounding our house were being razed by tract-home developers and the gravel roads paved. Our neighbors had bought their sets to watch the wedding of Crown Prince (now Emperor) Akihito (b. 1933) and Sho–da Michiko (b. 1934) in April 1959. By 1964, nearly half of the roughly 25 million households in Japan owned a television, the wealthier among them a color model.2 Once we had a TV, I began to watch two cartoons that starred robots: Tetsuwan Atomu (Astro Boy) and Tetsujin 28 [Niju–hachi]-go (Ironman 28, aka Gigantor) (figure 1).3 Both were preceded by comic book versions and broadcast on Fuji TV from 1963 to 1966. Gigantor is remotely con- trolled by a ten-year-old boy detective whose father created the robot. The boy and the robot share a deep emotional bond that underscores the familial aspects of real-world human–robot relations in Japan, a theme I will reiterate in each chapter. I discuss Astro Boy at length in chapters 4 1 Robertson-Robo Sapiens japanicus.indd 1 17/07/17 3:54 PM 2 robot visions Figure 1. Tetsuwan Atomu (Astro Boy).