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Who Framed Conrad Black?

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Who Framed Conrad Black? WHO FRAMED CONRAD BLACK? : LANGUAGE AND TRANSLATION IN PRINT NEWSPAPER ARTICLES DEANNA M. NEMETH A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO APRIL 2017 © DEANNA M. NEMETH, 2017 ABSTRACT The primary objective of this corpus-based research is to reveal how media discourse contributes to the framing and portrayal of public figures, specifically Conrad Black, in French and English print media from Canada, the United Kingdom and France, and in particular, to identify the language and strategies used to do so. A secondary purpose of this thesis is to examine news reports for evidence of assumed translation as defined by Toury (1995). The theories and methodologies drawn on derive from linguistics, discourse analysis, media studies, cultural studies, and translation studies. By applying a multidisciplinary approach and conducting quantitative and qualitative analyses, I produced evidence that Conrad Black was framed and labelled in the English-language and French-language print media, and found evidence of at least one assumed translation among the reports I examined. Keywords: translation, discourse analysis, media studies, ideology, framing ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted and forever grateful to my thesis advisor, Professor Lyse Hébert. With her trust, support, guidance and encouragement, an ambitious research project became reality. It has been an honour to work with her, and it is because of her that I have been able to achieve what I thought was impossible. I would also like to thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council for making this thesis possible with a Canada Graduate Scholarship. Thank you to Julie McDonough Dolmaya, who was my very first instructor at Glendon College, and whose course Translation and Political Texts became the catalyst for my research interests; Professor Marie-Christine Aubin for her invaluable insight and advice; Leigh Jackson for always being able to find a solution to any research issues I had; and to Jacqueline Angoh for motivating me to keep going right to the end. A most sincere thank you to Professor Lyse Hébert, Professor María Constanza Guzmán, Professor Jean Michel Montsion and Professor Philippe Theophanidis for agreeing to be a part of my defense committee. Thank you to the following friends who have picked me up and dusted me off more times than I can count over the past two years: K.C., G.M., J.M., M.S., A.C., G.R., A.J., Y.Z., I.C., M.W., V.C. and K.B. Finally, to my parents, Donna and Greg, my sister Amy, my brother Adam, my sister-in- law Michelle and my niece Addison: thank you for your love and support, and for believing in me. Je vous remercie de tout mon coeur. iii Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1: Literature Review, Theoretical Framework and Methodology ............................ 7 1.1. Discourse ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.1.1. Discourse Analysis.......................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2. Media Discourse ............................................................................................................. 9 1.2. Translation Studies ............................................................................................................. 11 1.2.1. Assumed Translation .................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Translation as discourse ................................................................................................ 13 1.2.3. Narrative Analysis ........................................................................................................ 16 1.2.3.1. Narratives, Framing and Labelling ........................................................................ 16 1.2.4. News Translation .......................................................................................................... 18 1.2.5. Ideology ........................................................................................................................ 23 1.3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 24 1.3.1. Corpus ........................................................................................................................... 24 1.3.2. Critical Discourse Analysis........................................................................................... 27 Chapter 2: Corpus Development ............................................................................................... 30 2.1. Structure .............................................................................................................................. 31 2.1.1. Database Selection ........................................................................................................ 31 2.1.2. News Report Selection .................................................................................................. 32 2.1.3. Criteria for Selection ..................................................................................................... 34 2.2. Publications by Region ....................................................................................................... 35 2.2.1. Canada........................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.2. France ............................................................................................................................ 38 2.2.3. United Kingdom............................................................................................................ 39 2.3. Corpus Details ..................................................................................................................... 41 2.3.1. ProQuest English Data .................................................................................................. 41 2.3.2. Eureka English-language Data ...................................................................................... 42 2.3.3. Eureka French-language Data ....................................................................................... 43 2.3.4. Factiva English-language Data ..................................................................................... 43 Chapter Three: Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis .......................................................... 45 3.1. Quantitative Analysis.......................................................................................................... 45 3.1.1. Frequency by Language ................................................................................................ 45 3.1.1.1. English-language Corpus ...................................................................................... 45 3.1.1.2. French-language Corpus ....................................................................................... 46 iv 3.1.2. Frequency by Country ................................................................................................. 47 3.1.2.1. Canada .................................................................................................................. 47 3.1.2.2. United Kingdom ................................................................................................... 48 3.1.2.3. France ................................................................................................................... 49 3.1.3. Frequency by Country by English Publication ............................................................. 50 3.1.3.1. Canada................................................................................................................... 50 3.1.3.2. United Kingdom.................................................................................................... 53 3.1.4. Frequency by Country by French Publication .............................................................. 57 3.1.4.1. French Publications in Canada.............................................................................. 57 3.1.4.2. French Publications in France ............................................................................... 60 3.1.5. Frequency Summary ..................................................................................................... 61 3.2. Qualitative Analysis ............................................................................................................ 62 3.2.1. Unit Comparison: Direct and Indirect Translations, Critical Discourse Analysis 62 3.2.1.1. Legal Status .......................................................................................................... 63 3.2.1.2. Tycoon .................................................................................................................. 64 3.2.1.3 Patron ..................................................................................................................
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