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Nos. 14-1418, 14-1453, 14-1505, 15-35, 15-105, 15-119 & 15-191 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States _________ DAVID A. ZUBIK, ET AL., Petitioners, v. SYLVIA BURWELL, ET AL., Respondents. [CAPTIONS CONTINUED ON INSIDE COVER] _________ On Writs of Certiorari to the United States Courts of Appeals for the Third, Fifth, Tenth, and D.C. Circuits _________ BRIEF OF THE OVARIAN CANCER RESEARCH FUND ALLIANCE, ITS PARTNER MEMBERS AND SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS _________ JESSICA L. ELLSWORTH* Counsel of Record JESSICA B. LIVINGSTON MICHELLE A. KISLOFF HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP ANDREW S. FURLOW 1200 Seventeenth Street LOWELL M. ZETA Suite 1500 HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP Denver, CO 80202 555 Thirteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20004 (202) 637-5886 [email protected] Counsel for Amici Curiae _________ PRIESTS FOR LIFE, ET AL., Petitioners, v. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, ET AL., Respondents. _________ ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOP OF WASHINGTON, ET AL., Petitioners, v. SYLVIA BURWELL, ET AL., Respondents. _________ EAST TEXAS BAPTIST UNIVERSITY, ET AL., Petition- ers, v. SYLVIA BURWELL, ET AL., Respondents. _________ LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR HOME FOR THE AGED, DENVER , COLORADO, ET AL., Petitioners, v. SYLVIA BURWELL, ET AL., Respondents. _________ SOUTHERN NAZARENE UNIVERSITY, ET AL., Petition- ers, v. SYLVIA BURWELL, ET AL., Respondents. _________ GENEVA COLLEGE, Petitioner, v. SYLVIA BURWELL, ET AL., Respondents. _________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.......................................ix STATEMENT OF INTEREST....................................1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT.....................................3 ARGUMENT ...............................................................5 I. PETITIONERS’ RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ARE NOT SUBSTANTIALLY BURDENED BY THE ACCOMMODATION REGULATIONS .....5 II. THE ACCOMMODATION REGULATIONS FURTHER A COMPELLING PUBLIC HEALTH INTEREST BY ENSURING ACCESS TO CANCER PREVENTIVE TREATMENTS....................................................6 A. Contraceptives provide significant medi- cal benefits separate from prevention of pregnancies ....................................................9 B. The cancer-prevention benefits of contra- ceptives played a key role in the govern- ment’s decision to include the contracep- tive coverage provision in the ACA .............17 C. Ensuring access to cancer-prevention health benefits is a compelling govern- ment interest................................................19 CONCLUSION ..........................................................26 LIST OF AMICI PARTNER MEMBERS AND SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS OF THE (i) ii TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page OVARIAN CANCER RESEARCH FUND ALLIANCE .............................................................27 APPENDIX A— C. La Vecchia & S. Frances- chi, Oral Contraceptives and Ovarian Cancer, 8 Eur. J. Cancer Prevention 297 (1999)................. 1a APPENDIX B— Aminah Jatoi et. al., Prior Oral Contraceptive Use in Ovarian Cancer Patients: Assessing Associations with Over- all and Progression-Free Survival, 15 BMC Cancer 711 (2015) ..................................19a APPENDIX C— M. T. Faber et al., Oral Con- traceptive Use and Impact of Cumulative Intake of Estrogen and Progestin on Risk of Ovarian Cancer, 24 Cancer Causes Control 2197 (2013)................33a APPENDIX D— Laura J. Havrilesky et al., Oral Contraceptive Pills as Primary Preven- tion for Ovarian Cancer, 122 Obstetrics & Gynecology 139 (2013) .............55a APPENDIX E— V. Beral et al., Ovarian Cancer and Oral Contraceptives: Collabora- tive Reanalysis of Data from 45 Epidemiolog- ical Studies Including 23,257 Women with iii TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Ovarian Cancer and 87,303 Controls, 371 Lancet 303 (2008) ..........................................74a APPENDIX F— Julia B. Greer et al., Andro- genic Progestins in Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, 105 Obstetrics & Gynecology 731 (2005) ...........100a APPENDIX G— Roberta B. Ness et al., Risk of Ovarian Cancer in Relation to Estrogen and Progestin Dose and Use Characteristics of Oral Contraceptives, 152 Am. J. Epidemiology 233 (2000)..................120a APPENDIX H— Harvey A. Risch et al., Parity, Contraception, Infertility, and the Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, 140 Am. J. Epidemiology 585 (1994)..................139a APPENDIX I— Susan E. Hankinson et al., A Quantitative Assessment of Oral Contracep- tive Use and Risk of Ovarian Cancer, 80 Am. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology 708 (1992)...................................................................157a APPENDIX J— Alice S. Whittemore et al., Characteristics Relating to Ovarian Cancer Risk: Collaborative Analysis of 12 US Case- Control Studies – II. Invasive Epithelial iv TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Ovarian Cancers in White Women, 136 Am. J. Epidemiology 1184 (1992)................174a APPENDIX K— The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study of the Ctrs. for Disease Con- trol and the Nat’l Inst. of Child Health and Human Dev., The Reduction in Risk of Ovar- ian Cancer Associated with Oral- Contraceptive Use, 316 New Eng. J. Med. 650 (1987) ......................200a APPENDIX L— Xiao Ou Shu et al., Popula- tion-Based Case-Control Study of Ovarian Cancer in Shanghai, 49 Cancer Res. 3670 (1989)................................217a APPENDIX M— A. Antoniou et al., Average Risks of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Associ- ated with BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 Mutations Detected in Case Series Unselected for Fami- ly History: A Combined Analysis of 22 Stud- ies, 72 Am. J. Hum. Genetics 1117 (2003) ...............235a APPENDIX N— S. Iodice et al., Oral Contra- ceptive Use and Breast or Ovarian Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Carriers: A Meta-Analysis, 46 Eur. J. Cancer 2275 (2010)............................267a v TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page APPENDIX O— J. Brian Szender and Shashikant B. Lele, Fallopian Tube Ligation or Salpingectomy as Means for Reducing Risk of Ovarian Cancer, 17 Am. Med. Ass’n J. Ethics 843 (2015) ............288a APPENDIX P— Victoria Sopik et al., Why Have Ovarian Cancer Mortality Rates De- clined? Part I. Incidence, 138 Gynecologic Oncology 741 (2015) ................298a APPENDIX Q— Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies on Endometrial Cancer, Endometrial Cancer and Oral Con- traceptives: An Individual Participant Meta- analysis of 27,276 Women with Endometrial Cancer from 36 Epidemiological Studies, 16 Lancet Oncology 1061 (2015) ........................324a APPENDIX R— Robin M. Beining et al., Meta- Analysis of Intrauterine Device Use and Risk of Endometrial Cancer, 18 Annals Epidemiology 492 (2008)...................349a APPENDIX S— D. Hubacher, Noncontracep- tive Health Benefits of Intrauterine Devices: A Systematic Review, 57 Obstetrics & Gynecology Surv. 120 (2002) ...364a vi TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page APPENDIX T— Abraham Benshushan et al., IUD Use and the Risk of Endometrial Can- cer, 105 Eur. J. Obstetrics & Gynecology & Re- prod. Biology 166 (2002).....................................385a APPENDIX U— Deirdre A. Hill et al., Endo- metrial Cancer in Relation to Intra-Uterine Device Use, 70 Int’l J. Cancer 278 (1997)..............................394a APPENDIX V— Susan Sturgeon et al., Intrau- terine Device Use and Endometrial Cancer Risk, 26 Int’l J. Epidemiology 496 (1997) ...................407a APPENDIX W— F. Parazzini et al., Intrauter- ine Device Use and Risk of Endometrial Cancer, 70 Brit. J. Cancer 672 (1994) .............................417a APPENDIX X— Xavier Castellsagué et al., Intra-uterine Contraception and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer, 54 Int’l J. Cancer 911 (1993)..............................424a APPENDIX Y— Roberta B. Ness et al., Con- traception Methods, Beyond Oral Contracep- tives and Tubal Ligation, and Risk of Ovari- vii TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page an Cancer, 21 Annals Epidemiology 188 (2011)...................442a APPENDIX Z— Daniel W. Cramer et al., Conditions Associated With Antibodies Against the Tumor-Associated Antigen MUC1 and Their Relationship to Risk for Ovarian Cancer, 14 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Pre- vention 1125 (2005) ............................................459a APPENDIX AA— Xavier Castellsagué et al., Intrauterine Device Use, Cervical Infection with Human Papillomavirus, and Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 26 Epidemiological Studies, 12 Lancet Oncology 1023 (2011) ........................480a APPENDIX BB— Adam Sonfield et al., Impact of the Federal Contraceptive Coverage Guarantee on Out-of-Pocket Payments for Contraceptives: 2014 Update, 91 Contraception 44 (2015) ................................501a APPENDIX CC— Jonathan M. Bearak et al., Changes in Out-of-Pocket Costs for Hormo- nal IUDs After Implementation of the Af- fordable Care Act: An Analysis of Insurance viii TABLE OF CONTENTS—Continued Page Benefit Inquiries, 93 Contraception 139 (2016) ..............................512a APPENDIX DD— Nora V. Becker & Daniel Polsky, Women Saw Large Decrease in Out- of-Pocket Spending for Contraceptives After ACA Mandate Removed Cost Sharing, 34 Health Aff. 1204 (2015) .................................528a ix TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page CASES: Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., 134 S. Ct. 2751 (2014)......................2, 9, 20, 21, 22 E. Tex. Baptist Univ. v. Burwell, 793 F.3d 449 (5th Cir. 2015)..................................5 Eden Foods, Inc. v. Sebelius, 733 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2013)..................................2 Geneva Coll. v. Sec’y U.S. Dep’t of Health and Human Servs., 778 F.3d