DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an Emphasis on Peziza

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an Emphasis on Peziza Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an Emphasis on Peziza The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Hansen, Karen, Thomas Laessoe, and Donald H. Pfister. 2001. Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an emphasis on Peziza. Mycologia 93, no. 5: 958-990. Published Version http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761760 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3153300 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Mycological Society of America Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an Emphasis on Peziza Author(s): Karen Hansen, Thomas L[ae]ssoe, Donald H. Pfister Source: Mycologia, Vol. 93, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 2001), pp. 958-990 Published by: Mycological Society of America Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3761760 Accessed: 05/06/2009 20:11 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mysa. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Mycological Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Mycologia. http://www.jstor.org Mycologia, 93(5), 2001, pp. 958-990. ? 2001 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an emphasis on Peziza Karen Hansen' tions were found to support different rDNA lineages, Thomas Laess0e e.g., a distinct amyloid ring zone at the apex is a syn- Departmentof Mycology,University of Copenhagen, apomorphy for group IV, an intense and unrestricted 0sterFarimagsgade 2 D, DK-1353 CopenhagenK, amyloid reaction of the apex is mostly found in Denmark group VI, and asci that are weakly or diffusely amy- Donald H. Pfister loid in the entire length are present in group II. Oth- Harvard UniversityHerbaria, Cambridge, er morphological features, such as spore surface re- Massachusetts,02138 USA lief, guttulation, excipulum structure and pigments, while not free from homoplasy, do support the groupings. Anamorphs likewise provide clues to high- Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among mem- er-order relationships within the Pezizaceae. Several bers of the Pezizaceae were studied using 90 partial macro- and micromorphological features, however, LSU rDNA sequences from 51 species of Peziza and appear to have evolved several times independently, 20 species from 8 additional epigeous genera of the including ascomatal form and habit (epigeous, se- Pezizaceae, viz. Boudiera, Iodophanus, Iodowynnea, mihypogeous or hypogeous), spore discharge mech- Kimbropezia,Pachyella, Plicaria, Sarcosphaeraand Sca- anisms, and spore shape. Parsimony-based optimiza- bropezia,and 5 hypogeous genera, viz. Amylascus, Ca- tion of character states on our phylogenetic trees sug- zia, Hydnotryopsis, Ruhlandiella and Tirmania. To gested that transitions to truffle and truffle-like forms test the monophyly of the Pezizaceae and the rela- evolved at least three times within the Pezizaceae (in tionships to the genera Marcelleina and Pfistera (Py- group III, V and VI). The 9 hypogeous species in- ronemataceae), 6 species from the families Ascobo- cluded are nested in lineages with epigeous peziza- laceae, Morchellaceae and Pyronemataceae were in- ceous taxa. Species with apothecia of various shapes cluded. Maximum parsimony and maximum likeli- and with forcible spore discharge are spread among hood analyses of these sequences suggest that the all groups and the apothecium is suggested to be Pezizaceae is paraphyletic, because the non-amyloid symplesiomorphic in the Pezizaceae. The results in- Marcelleina is nested within it. If Marcelleina were dicate that the apothecia forming Pezizaceae have transferred to the Pezizaceae, then the family would given rise to at least 3 different forms of hypogeous be monophyletic. Although the Pezizaceae is tradi- ascomata without forcible spore discharge: ptychoth- tionally characterized by amyloid asci, our results in- ecia, stereothecia and exothecia. dicate that the amyloid reaction is a symplesiomor- Key Words: ascus amyloid reactions, epigeous-hy- phy, which has been lost in some lineages, e.g., in pogeous evolution, molecular phylogeny, nLSU those including Marcelleina and Cazia. Nodes deep rDNA, Pezizales, systematics in the tree could not be resolved, but 7 groups of species (I-VII) are generally well supported or pre- sent in all trees. Peziza species, which constitute the INTRODUCTION core of the family, are present in all groups except group III, confirming the non-monophyly of the ge- The Pezizaceae (Pezizales) displays great variation in nus. The analyses suggest that the other included ascomatal forms. It includes taxa that produce epi- genera of the Pezizaceae are all nested within Peziza, geous, sessile or stipitate, cupulate, discoid, turbinate, the placement of lodophanus being unresolved. The pulvinate or sparassoid ascomata, or semi-hypogeous morphologically distinct Peziza gerardii, which forms to hypogeous, closed, folded to solid ascomata (FIGS. a clade with Marcelleina, appears to be the sister 1-21). The ascomata range in size from a few mm to group to the rest of the Pezizaceae. Morphological more than 10 cm in diam, and are often fleshy, soft features were studied and evaluated in the context of and brittle. Anatomical and biochemical diversity is the phylogeny. Distinct types of ascus amyloid reac- found in characters such as spore discharge mecha- nism; amyloid reaction of the ascus; spore shape, col- Accepted for publication April 3, 2001. or, ornamentation, and guttulation; pigmentation of 1 Corresponding author, Email: [email protected] the paraphyses; and excipulum structure (TABLE I). 958 HANSEN ET AL: PHYLOGENYOF PEZIZACEAE 959 I I EwI V, ,,.w) 4i , IiN fw .'e'^1 N. ^tc&I <-an^I, - .. c r o ,. ,,.*?,, * ?.I'O1 w FIGS.1-12. Ascoma forms and color variation in the Pezizaceae (group I-IV). 1. Pulvinate apothecia with protruding asci. Iodophanus carneus (JHP-00.027, C) X 15. 2-3. Group I. Discoid apothecia on broad obconical bases. 2. Peziza gerardii (KH- 98-86, C) X3. 3. Marcelleina persoonii (TL-5346, C) X3. 4. Group II. Peziza subisabellina (RK83.115, herb. Roy Kristiansen) X1.3. 5-8. Group III. 5. Pachyella punctispora (KH-98-77, C) X 1.5. 6. Turbinate apothecia with a convex hymenium. Boudiera dennisii (JHP-93.095, C) X6. 7. Highly pustulate outer surface. Scabropeziaflavovirens (Fuckel) Dissing & Pfister (KH-97-68, C) X 2. 8. Stereothecium. Amylascus. (5728, OSC) Xl.5. 9-10. Group IVa. 9. Cup-shaped, shortly stipitate apothecia. Peziza arvernensis (KH-98-08, C) x0.4. 10. Peziza ammophila (KH-98-88, C) x0.8. 11-12. Group IVb. 11. Peziza exogelatinosa (KH- 97-75, C) x0.8. 12. Peziza subcitrina (KH-97-133, C) X 1.3. Photos: 1, 2, 6, 7, 11 J.H. Petersen. 5, 9, 12 K. Hansen. 8 M. Castellano. 10 S.A. Elborne. 3 T. Laess0e. 4 R. Kristiansen. Ecologically, the family covers a broad range of nich- zones and arctic-alpine areas, although a few strictly es, fruiting on all types of soil, sand, clay, limestone, tropical taxa are known. The majority of species are burnt ground, dung and wood. Many species are considered to be saprotrophs, although most hypo- known to prefer soil with a high pH and in some geous and a few epigeous species are claimed to be cases a low content of organic matter (Petersen 1967, ectomycorrhizal (Maia et al 1996 and references 1985). The family is primarily restricted to temperate therein), but in general their trophic statuses are not 960 MYCOLOGIA TABLE I. Characters used in the delimitation of genera in the Pezizaceae (based on published and original observations) Ascoma: positionb; +/- forcible Ascoma: type; Ascus: +/- amyloid; spore dis- shape when type of Spore: shape; Spore: color; +/- Genus charge epigeous amyloid reaction guttulation ornamentation Amylascus hy, se; Ptychothecium to +; weakly over the Globose; 1 or several Hyaline to pale - stereothecium entire length brown; + spines, rods or cones Boudiera ep; + Apothecium, subglo- +; weakly over the Globose; 1 or several Pale brown; + echi- bose, turbinate to entire length nulate to reticu- pulvinate late Cazi&a hy; - Stereothecium Ellipsoid; 1 Hyaline; + minutely warty-reticulate Hapsidomycese ep; + Apothecium, turbi- +; weakly over the Globose; 0 Hyaline to pale yel- nate entire length low; + reticulate and spiny Hydnobolites hy; - Stereothecium +/-; weakly (2% Globose; 0
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Peziza and Pezizaceae Inferred from Multiple Nuclear Genes: RPB2, -Tubulin, and LSU Rdna
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36 (2005) 1–23 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolutionary relationships of the cup-fungus genus Peziza and Pezizaceae inferred from multiple nuclear genes: RPB2, -tubulin, and LSU rDNA Karen Hansen ¤, Katherine F. LoBuglio, Donald H. PWster Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 5 May 2004; revised 17 December 2004 Available online 22 April 2005 Abstract To provide a robust phylogeny of Pezizaceae, partial sequences from two nuclear protein-coding genes, RPB2 (encoding the sec- ond largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) and -tubulin, were obtained from 69 and 72 specimens, respectively, to analyze with nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA gene sequences (LSU). The three-gene data set includes 32 species of Peziza, and 27 species from nine additional epigeous and six hypogeous (truZe) pezizaceous genera. Analyses of the combined LSU, RPB2, and -tubulin data set using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches identify 14 Wne-scale lineages within Pezizaceae. Species of Peziza occur in eight of the lineages, spread among other genera of the family, conWrming the non-monophyly of the genus. Although parsimony analyses of the three-gene data set produced a nearly completely resolved strict consensus tree, with increased conWdence, relationships between the lineages are still resolved with mostly weak bootstrap support. Bayesian analyses of the three- gene data, however, show support for several more inclusive clades, mostly congruent with Bayesian analyses of RPB2. No strongly supported incongruence was found among phylogenies derived from the separate LSU, RPB2, and -tubulin data sets. The RPB2 region appeared to be the most informative single gene region based on resolution and clade support, and accounts for the greatest number of potentially parsimony informative characters within the combined data set, followed by the LSU and the -tubulin region.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LARGER CUP FUNGI in BRITAIN - Part 2 Pezizaceae (Excluding Peziza & Plicaria) Brian Spooner Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE
    Field Mycology Volume 2(1), January 2001 THE LARGER CUP FUNGI IN BRITAIN - part 2 Pezizaceae (excluding Peziza & Plicaria) Brian Spooner Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE he first part of this series (Spooner, 2000) provided a brief introduction to cup fungi or ‘discomycetes’, and considered in particular the ‘operculate’ species, those in T which the ascus opens (dehisces) via an apical lid or operculum.These constitute the order Pezizales and include most of the larger discomycete species. A key to the 12 families of Pezizales represented in Britain was given. In the present part, a key to the British genera of the Pezizaceae is provided, together with brief descriptions of the genera and keys to the species of all genera other than Peziza and Plicaria.These two genera, which include over sixty species in Britain alone, will be considered in Part 3. A glossary of technical terms is given at the end of the article. Pezizaceae Dumort. Characterised by operculate, thin-walled, amyloid asci and uninucleate spores with thin or rarely somewhat thickened walls. Key to British Genera of Pezizaceae 1. Asci indehiscent; ascomata subhypogeous or developed in litter, subglobose or irregular in form; spores globose, ornamented, purple-brown at maturity, eguttulate . Sphaerozone 1. Asci dehiscent; ascomata epigeous, rarely hypogeous at first, on various substrates, cupulate to discoid or pulvinate, sometimes short-stipitate, rarely sparassoid; spores globose or ellip- soid, smooth or ornamented, hyaline or brownish, guttulate or eguttulate . 2 2. Ascus apex strongly blue in iodine, rest of wall diffusely blue in iodine or not .
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • Henry Dissing, 31. March 1931 – 10. December 2009
    Henry Dissing, 31. March 1931 – 10. December 2009 Thomas LÆSSØE Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø [email protected] Ascomycete.org, 2 (4) : 3-6. Summary: Biography of Henry Dissing, Danish mycologist, specialist of Pezizales, died Février 2011 in December 2009. Keywords: Tribute, Danish mycologist, University of Copenhagen, Ascomycota. Résumé : biographie d’Henry Dissing, mycologue danois, spécialiste des Pezizales, dé- cédé en décembre 2009. Mots-clés : hommage, mycologue danois, université de Copenhague, Ascomycota. Henry was born in Jutland, in a small village, where he was association was with Sigmund Sivertsen in Norway. Throu- expected to follow in his father’s footsteps as a potter. He ghout, he trained Master students in all sorts of mycological chose a completely different career but did support his early topics, and one of them, Karen Hansen, continues his work education by working at the royal porcelain factory in Co- on the Pezizales (from Stockholm). Others are employed in penhagen. After that, he studied at Copenhagen University the biotechnological industry or teach at high school. A long where he started his biology studies in 1960. He very soon lasting teaching effort was the mycological field courses held became interested in fungi and quickly became part of the from 1965-2009 at the Kristiansminde Field Centre, where group around Morten Lange at the newly established “Insti- Henry participated in most courses until retirement, and tut for Sporeplanter”, where Lise Hansen was another core more than one thousand students got their mycological field member. Henry became the ascomycote person and Morten training during this period, including a lot of Norwegian stu- dealt with agarics and also collaborated with Henry on “Gas- dents.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an Emphasis on Peziza
    Mycologia, 93(5), 2001, pp. 958-990. © 2001 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Phylogenetics of the Pezizaceae, with an emphasis on Peziza Karen Hansen' tions were found to support different rDNA lineages, Thomas Laess0e e.g., a distinct amyloid ring zone at the apex is a syn- Department of Mycology, University of Copenhagen, apomorphy for group IV, an intense and unrestricted 0ster Farimagsgade 2 D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, amyloid reaction of the apex is mostly found in Denmark group VI, and asci that are weakly or diffusely amy- Donald H. Pfister loid in the entire length are present in group II. Oth- Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, er morphological features, such as spore surface re- Massachusetts, 02138 USA lief, guttulation, excipulum structure and pigments, while not free from homoplasy, do support the groupings. Anamorphs likewise provide clues to high- Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among mem- er-order relationships within the Pezizaceae. Several bers of the Pezizaceae were studied using 90 partial macro- and micromorphological features, however, LSU rDNA sequences from 51 species of Peziza and appear to have evolved several times independently, 20 species from 8 additional epigeous genera of the including ascomatal form and habit (epigeous, se- Pezizaceae, viz. Boudiera, Iodophanus, Iodowynnea, mihypogeous or hypogeous), spore discharge mech- Kimbropezia, Pachyella, Plicaria, Sarcosphaera and Sca- anisms, and spore shape. Parsimony-based optimiza- bropezia, and 5 hypogeous genera, viz. Amylascus, Ca- tion of character states on our phylogenetic trees sug- zia, Hydnotryopsis, Ruhlandiella and Tirmania. To gested that transitions to truffle and truffle-like forms test the monophyly of the Pezizaceae and the rela- evolved at least three times within the Pezizaceae (in tionships to the genera Marcelleina and Pfistera (Py- group III, V and VI).
    [Show full text]
  • Aquapeziza: a New Genus from Freshwater and Its Morphological and Phylogenetic Relationships to Pezizaceae
    Mycologia, 104(2), 2012, pp. 540–546. DOI: 10.3852/11-123 # 2012 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Aquapeziza: a new genus from freshwater and its morphological and phylogenetic relationships to Pezizaceae Dian-Ming Hu Key words: Aquapeziza globispora, ascomycetes, International Fungal Research & Development Centre, fungi, phylogenetics, taxonomy The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, P.R.China, and School of Chemistry and Life Science, INTRODUCTION Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Freshwater fungi comprise a distinct ecological P.R.China assemblage of fungi and to date some 548 ascomycete Hang Chen species have been reported from this milieu (Raja International Fungal Research & Development Centre, et al. 2009). This ecological group however is still The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese poorly studied (Wong et al. 1998, Raja et al. 2009). We Academy of Forestry, Bailongsi, Kunming 650224, have investigated the diversity of freshwater fungi for P.R.China more than 20 y (Hyde 1992, 1995; Cai et al. 2003b; Lei Cai1 Zhang et al. 2009; Reblova et al. 2010), most recently State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of concentrating on southwestern China (Cai et al. 2002; Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Luo et al. 2004; Cai and Hyde 2007; Hu et al. 2007, 100101, P.R.China 2010b) and Thailand (Hu et al. 2010a). During this Ali Hassan Bahkali study we collected an interesting discomycete that Botany and Microbiology Department, College of cannot be accommodated in any described genus, Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia based on its distinct morphological characters and 2 sequence data (28S and ITS rDNA sequences).
    [Show full text]
  • Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two
    (topsheet) Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113. Fieldiana, Botany H. Thorsten Lumbsch Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7881 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] Sabine M. Huhndorf Dept. of Botany Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr. Chicago, IL 60605 (312) 665-7855 fax: 312-665-7158 e-mail: [email protected] 1 (cover page) FIELDIANA Botany NEW SERIES NO 00 Myconet Volume 14 Part One. Outine of Ascomycota – 2009 Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 H. Thorsten Lumbsch Sabine M. Huhndorf [Date] Publication 0000 PUBLISHED BY THE FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2 Table of Contents Abstract Part One. Outline of Ascomycota - 2009 Introduction Literature Cited Index to Ascomycota Subphylum Taphrinomycotina Class Neolectomycetes Class Pneumocystidomycetes Class Schizosaccharomycetes Class Taphrinomycetes Subphylum Saccharomycotina Class Saccharomycetes Subphylum Pezizomycotina Class Arthoniomycetes Class Dothideomycetes Subclass Dothideomycetidae Subclass Pleosporomycetidae Dothideomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Class Eurotiomycetes Subclass Chaetothyriomycetidae Subclass Eurotiomycetidae Subclass Mycocaliciomycetidae Class Geoglossomycetes Class Laboulbeniomycetes Class Lecanoromycetes Subclass Acarosporomycetidae Subclass Lecanoromycetidae Subclass Ostropomycetidae 3 Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis: orders, genera Class Leotiomycetes Leotiomycetes incertae sedis: families, genera Class Lichinomycetes Class Orbiliomycetes Class Pezizomycetes Class Sordariomycetes Subclass Hypocreomycetidae Subclass Sordariomycetidae Subclass Xylariomycetidae Sordariomycetes incertae sedis: orders, families, genera Pezizomycotina incertae sedis: orders, families Part Two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751 – 5113 Introduction Literature Cited 4 Abstract Part One presents the current classification that includes all accepted genera and higher taxa above the generic level in the phylum Ascomycota.
    [Show full text]
  • April 1993 Algologists Over the Years, a Good Database of Information Concerning the Annual Cycles of Thes'e Organisms Would Have Been Known
    I Is Georgia on your mind? It ought to be! Look what's planned with YOU in mind: This year's Annual Meeting of the Mycological Society of America will be occurring 18- 23 June 1993 at the Georgia Center for Continuing Education on the lovely campus of the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. A very full slate of activities and scientific sessions has been carefully planned to allow all those in attendance to make maximal benefit of the broadest possible range of offerings. You will find more detail inside, including the prelimi- nary program and abstracts for the presentations, but here are some of the highlights: Premeeting workshops on Friday, 18 June: @ PolyKey - A Computerized Synoptic Key to the Polyporaceous Fungi of N. America Led by J. E. Adaskaveg and R. L. Gilbertson. This is a difficult group to identify. Let your fingertips do the keying! This workshop will include an introduction to polypores of North America, a guide to the operation and prin- ciples of PolyKey, and practice in identification of unknown polypores using PolyKey. Computers (one per par- ticipant), specimens and drawings of specimens, copies of North American Polypores by R. L. Gilbertson and L. Ryvarden, and PolyKey manuals will be available to assist participants in learning to identify polyporaceous, wood rotting fungi. Because space and computers are limited, registration is limited to 24 people. For informa- tion about this workshop, contact Dr. I. E. Adaskaveg, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 9561 6 [phone 91 6-752-031 0; FAX 91 6-752-56741.
    [Show full text]
  • Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Diversity and Community Structure in Estonia, Seychelles and Australia
    DISSERTATIONES BIOLOGICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 127 DISSERTATIONES BIOLOGICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 127 ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI: DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN ESTONIA, SEYCHELLES AND AUSTRALIA LEHO TEDERSOO TARTU UNIVERSITY PRESS Chair of Mycology, Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia The dissertation is accepted for the commencement of the degree of Doctor philosophiae in botany and mycology at the University of Tartu on March 29, 2007 by the Doctoral committee of the Faculty of Biology and Geography of the University of Tartu Supervisors: Prof. Urmas Kõljalg Opponent: Prof. Ian. J. Alexander, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK Commencement: Room 225, 46 Vanemuise Street, Tartu, on June 4, 2007, at 11.00 The publication of this dissertation is granted by the Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu ISSN 1024–6479 ISBN 978–9949–11–594–5 (trükis) ISBN 978–9949–11–595–2 (PDF) Autoriõigus Leho Tedersoo, 2007 Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus www.tyk.ee Tellimus nr 160 CONTENTS 1. LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS .................................................. 6 2. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................... 8 2.1. Theoretical background...................................................................... 8 2.2. Why study EcM fungi and their communities?.................................. 12 2.3. Aims ................................................................................................... 13 3. METHODS: CONSTRAINTS AND IMPLICATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Vol. 37 Kjære Leser I Denne Utgaven Gratulerer Vi Thor Dybhavn Utvalgte Beitemarkssopp I Norge
    AGARICA Mykologisk tidsskrift utgitt av Norges sopp- og nyttevekstforbund 2016 vol. 37 Kjære leser I denne utgaven gratulerer vi Thor Dybhavn utvalgte beitemarkssopp i Norge. Høiland og med 80 års dagen. Han er en av grunnleg- Botnen gir oss en sammenlikning av sporo- gerne av Agarica og fortsatt en viktig aktør i karper over bakken og ektomykorrhizastrukturer det mykoligiske miljøet. En annen av grunn- for Agaricales, Boletales og Russulales under leggerne av Agarica, Roy Kristiansen, bidrar bakken i et sanddyneøkosystem. Det er fint å denne gangen med en beskrivelse av tre arter se at det er tilvekst av nye mykologer og to i slekten Boubovia fra Norge, samt et popu- masteroppgaver som ser på nye aspekter av larisert sammendrag angående den nye arten koblingene mellom barkbiller og sopp er Pezziza nordica fra Hallingskarvet. En annen presentert. Sist men ikke minst, en av Norges nyhet fra arktisk-alpine og nordboreale om- store mykologer, Halvor Gjærum gikk bort i råder er fra Gulden og Larsson, de presenterer desember 2015. Leif Sundheim gir oss en en ny «traktsopp» for vitenskapen - Atracto- oversikt over Gjærum sitt omfattende virke sporocybe polaris. Weholt og medforfattere gjennom et langt arbeidsliv. presenterer en ny art for Norge – Psathyrella jacobssonii. Men Agarica handler ikke bare God lesning! om nye arter, økt økologisk innsikt er svært viktig. Jordal og medforfattere presenterer en Anders K. Wollan og Gry Alfredsen omfattende studie av habitatspesifisitet hos Redaktører AGARICA vol. 37 1 Halvor B. Gjærum; 1919-2015 Halvor B. Gjærum species. He made passed away 30. accurate drawings December 2015, 96 of spores for his years old.
    [Show full text]
  • Truffle Trouble: What Happened to the Tuberales?
    mycological research 111 (2007) 1075–1099 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Truffle trouble: what happened to the Tuberales? Thomas LÆSSØEa,*, Karen HANSENb,y aDepartment of Biology, Copenhagen University, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark bHarvard University Herbaria – Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: An overview of truffles (now considered to belong in the Pezizales, but formerly treated in Received 10 February 2006 the Tuberales) is presented, including a discussion on morphological and biological traits Received in revised form characterizing this form group. Accepted genera are listed and discussed according to a sys- 27 April 2007 tem based on molecular results combined with morphological characters. Phylogenetic Accepted 9 August 2007 analyses of LSU rDNA sequences from 55 hypogeous and 139 epigeous taxa of Pezizales Published online 25 August 2007 were performed to examine their relationships. Parsimony, ML, and Bayesian analyses of Corresponding Editor: Scott LaGreca these sequences indicate that the truffles studied represent at least 15 independent line- ages within the Pezizales. Sequences from hypogeous representatives referred to the fol- Keywords: lowing families and genera were analysed: Discinaceae–Morchellaceae (Fischerula, Hydnotrya, Ascomycota Leucangium), Helvellaceae (Balsamia and Barssia), Pezizaceae (Amylascus, Cazia, Eremiomyces, Helvellaceae Hydnotryopsis, Kaliharituber, Mattirolomyces, Pachyphloeus, Peziza, Ruhlandiella, Stephensia, Hypogeous Terfezia, and Tirmania), Pyronemataceae (Genea, Geopora, Paurocotylis, and Stephensia) and Pezizaceae Tuberaceae (Choiromyces, Dingleya, Labyrinthomyces, Reddellomyces, and Tuber). The different Pezizales types of hypogeous ascomata were found within most major evolutionary lines often nest- Pyronemataceae ing close to apothecial species. Although the Pezizaceae traditionally have been defined mainly on the presence of amyloid reactions of the ascus wall several truffles appear to have lost this character.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics of the Pezizomycetes—The Operculate Discomycetes
    Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 1029–1040. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Systematics of the Pezizomycetes—the operculate discomycetes K. Hansen1,2 Key words: classification, LSU rDNA, SSU rDNA, D.H. Pfister subordinal groupings Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 INTRODUCTION The Pezizales, the only order of the Pezizomycetes, is Abstract: The Pezizomycetes (order Pezizales) is an characterized by asci that generally open by rupturing early diverging lineage within the Pezizomycotina. A to form a terminal or eccentric lid or operculum. The shared derived character, the operculate ascus, ascomata are apothecia or are closed structures of supports the Pezizales as monophyletic, although various forms that are derived from apothecia. functional opercula have been lost in certain taxa. Apothecia range in size from less than a millimeter Phylogenetic relationships within Pezizales were to ca. 15 cm and may be sessile or stalked (FIG. 1). studied using parsimony and Bayesian analyses of The order includes epigeous, semihypogeous to partial SSU and LSU rDNA sequences from 100 taxa hypogeous (truffles) taxa. The ascospores are single- representing 82 genera and 13 of the 15 families celled, bipolar symmetrical, and usually bilaterally currently recognized. Three primary lineages are symmetrical, ranging from globose to ellipsoidal or identified that more or less correspond to the A, B occasionally fusoid. Some ascospores develop surface and C lineages resolved in previous analyses using ornamentations in the form of warts, ridges or spines. SSU rDNA: (A) Ascobolaceae and Pezizaceae; (B) The tissues of the ascomata are fleshy and often Discinaceae-Morchellaceae and Helvellaceae-Tubera- fragile.
    [Show full text]