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37 Years with Selective Electrodesorption- 77 Based Atomic Layer Deposition (SEBALD) of Roque Calvo Bismuth Under Morphological Control Page 9 VOL. 27, NO. 2 Summer 2018 IN THIS ISSUE 3 From the Editor: A Double-Edged Plastic Sword 7 From the President: 116 Years of Continuous Success Is a Sign of a Great Future 17 Seattle, Washington ECS Meeting Highlights 47 Looking at Patent Law 53 Tech Highlights 55 UPD, SLRR, SEBALD: Abbreviations with Many Connotations 57 Fundamentals of Metal Deposition via Surface E Limited Redox Replacement of Underpotentially- Deposited Monolayer Palladium Ultrathin Film FOR TH 65 Growth by Electrodeposition Surface-Limited Redox Replacement of Cu and H UPD Monolayers: Future Approaches, Pros, Cons, and Comparison 71 Electrodeposition of Pt- Bimetallic Model Systems for Electrocatalysis and Electrochemical Surface Science 37 YeaRs with Selective Electrodesorption- 77 Based Atomic Layer Deposition (SEBALD) of Roque Calvo Bismuth under Morphological Control Page 9 Rapid, High-Current Pulsing & Superior, Low-Impedance EIS Reference 30K Booster Nobody is faster Distortion-free, rapid pulsing for charge and discharge 30 A Pulse on a 5 mOhm cell Nobody goes lower Up to 30A @ 20V, EIS to 300 kHz 200 nOhm Shorted Lead Curve 20 A rms, 0.9 m cell cable www.gamry.com Rapid, High-Current Pulsing & Superior, Low-Impedance EIS FROM THE EDitor Published by: Reference 30K Booster The Electrochemical Society (ECS) 65 South Main Street Pennington, NJ 08534-2839, USA Tel 609.737.1902, Fax 609.737.2743 Nobody is faster www.electrochem.org Distortion-free, rapid pulsing for charge and discharge Editor: Krishnan Rajeshwar, [email protected] Guest Editor: Stanko R. Brankovic, [email protected] Contributing Editors: Donald Pile, donald.pile@gmail. A Double-Edged Plastic Sword com; Alice Suroviec, [email protected] Managing Editor: Annie Goedkoop, [email protected] he graduation season is just ending in schools and colleges as I compose this editorial. Production Manager: Dinia Agrawala, [email protected] And I wonder what the neighbor Mr. McGuire would have now said after buttonholing the newly minted graduate Benjamin Braddock (played by Dustin Hoffman) in the Advertising Manager: Ashley Moran, T [email protected] movie The Graduate with the famous quote, “One word: plastics.” As human civilization progressed from one era to the next, the future loomed bright with every new type of material, Advisory Board: Christopher Johnson (Battery), Masayuki be it iron, steel, silicon, or now, carbon. Plastics were no exception. I was astounded to Itagaki (Corrosion), Durga Misra (Dielectric Science and Technology), Philippe Vereecken (Electrodeposition), read (National Geographic, June 2018) that fully half the amount of plastic ever made was Jennifer Hite (Electronics and Photonics), produced only during the past 15 years! While the average service life of a plastic bag is a few A. Manivannan (Energy Technology), Paul Gannon minutes, plastics require forever to assimilate into our ecosystem after use. (High Temperature Materials), John Weidner (Industrial For an ecosystem to be completely sustainable, the fluxes have to be delicately poised Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering), such that the input into the system (materials or energy) balances the output. When this is not Uwe Happek (Luminescence and Display Materials), the case, the consequences may be unpredictable, or worse, catastrophic. We do not have to Slava Rotkin (Nanocarbons), Jim Burgess (Organic and Biological Electrochemistry), Andrew Hillier (Physical look beyond the global climate situation in which man-made emissions of greenhouse gases and Analytical Electrochemistry), Nianqiang (Nick) Wu (e.g., CO2) are overwhelming the rates at which they can be assimilated by natural sinks (e.g., (Sensor) plants). In a similar vein, the production of plastics has far outrun the rate at which they can be Publisher: Mary Yess, [email protected] safely or permanently disposed, especially in the most populous parts of the globe. 30 A Pulse on a 5 mOhm cell It is sociologically interesting that most innovations are double-edged. For example, Publications Subcommittee Chair: Stefan De Gendt malaria was largely eradicated with the discovery of the chemical DDT. However, its wanton Society Officers: : Yue Kuo, President; Christina Bock, and irresponsible use also resulted in long-lasting health effects, such as cancer and so on, Senior Vice President; Stefan De Gendt, 2nd Vice importantly unforeseen at the time of its widespread use—so much so that agricultural use President; Eric Wachsman, 3rd Vice President; Nobody goes lower James Fenton, Secretary; Gessie Brisard, Treasurer; of this chemical has been banned in the U.S. for the past 40 years. (The DDT story has been Roque J. Calvo, Executive Director highlighted by Rachel Carson’s best seller Silent Spring, within the broader context of the Up to 30A @ 20V, EIS to 300 kHz Statements and opinions given in The Electrochemical overuse of pesticides.) There is no debate that plastics revolutionized our way of life on this Society Interface are those of the contributors, and ECS planet in myriad ways. They even save lives in terms of use as airbags, safety helmets, and assumes no responsibility for them. water containers. However, our dependence on plastics has grown to such proportions that Authorization to photocopy any article for internal landfills cannot handle them anymore, and we have to haul huge amounts on ships to other or personal use beyond the fair use provisions of the countries for disposal or recycling. Plastic wastes that do not make it to these disposal routes Copyright Act of 1976 is granted by The Electrochemical are transported by river streams from densely populated areas and ultimately end up in our Society to libraries and other users registered with oceans as microplastics with disastrous consequences on marine life. the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC). Copying for other than internal or personal use without express In tackling this challenge, the answer clearly does not lie solely with cutting back the use of permission of ECS is prohibited. The CCC Code for The technological materials such as plastics. Albeit at smaller scales, we have been able to refine Electrochemical Society Interface is 1064-8208/92. recycling into a fine art with the use of lead (as a battery material), and previously silver (as an analog photography material). There is no reason to believe that plastics recycling cannot Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608 be just as efficient. At the same time, human ingenuity has to be put to work in the discovery Canada Returns to be sent to: of biodegradable alternatives to plastics as we know them today. In this respect, we can take Pitney Bowes International, P.O. Box 25542, a cue from the use, in many rural parts of the world (or even posh resorts!), of thatched huts London, ON N6C 6B2 for living or banana leaves for eating needs; these materials are completely biodegradable. In ISSN : Print: 1064-8208 Online: 1944-8783 this regard, the recent, serendipitous discovery of a mutant enzyme that eats plastics is worthy of note. (See www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/16/scientists-accidentally-create- mutant-enzyme-that-eats-plastic-bottles.) Can we possibly engineer synthetic analogs of such natural materials using clever chemistries? And better still, can we add value to disposable plastics by converting them into useful chemicals (e.g., liquid fuel)? Stay tuned. The Electrochemical Society Interface is published quarterly by The Electrochemical Society (ECS), at 65 South Main Street, Pennington, NJ 08534-2839 USA. Subscription to members as part of membership service; subscription to nonmembers is available; see the ECS website. Single copies $10.00 to members; $19.00 to nonmembers. © Copyright 200 nOhm Shorted Lead Curve 2018 by The Electrochemical Society. Periodicals postage paid at Pennington, New Jersey, and at additional mailing 20 A rms, 0.9 m cell cable offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Krishnan Rajeshwar Electrochemical Society, 65 South Main Street, Pennington, Editor NJ 08534-2839. The Electrochemical Society is an educational, nonprofit https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-7790 501(c)(3) organization with more than 8,500 scientists and engineers in over 75 countries worldwide who hold individual membership. Founded in 1902, the Society has a long tradition in advancing the theory and practice of electrochemical and solid state science by dissemination of information through its publications and international www.gamry.com meetings. The Electrochemical Society Interface • Summer 2018 • www.electrochem.org 3 All recycled paper. Printed in USA. BECAUSE LINEARITY MATTERS Bio-Logic introduces EIS quality indicators* Detect non-linearity : Total Harmonic Distortion - THD Detect non-stationarity : Non-Stationary Distortion - NSD Detect noisy response : Noise to Signal Ratio - NSR Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements at two different AC amplitudes (50 la = 400 mA mA & 400 mA) are performed on the same Li-ion battery cell. la = 50 mA The non-linearity of the cell at low frequency is evident in the Nyquist plot to the right. After an equivalent circuit fit analysis, the charge transfer resistance is over-estimated by 8% with la = 400 mA the 400 mA AC amplitude measurement. la = 50 mA The THD indicator can be used to detect this non-linearity and help optimize the stimulation amplitude. *Only for xP-300 technology www.bio-logic.net BECAUSE LINEARITY MATTERS UPD, SLRR, SEBALD: Abbreviations Vol. 27, No. 2 with Many Connotations
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