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SHAKESPEARE'S JULIUS CAESAR. WITH

NOTES, EXAMINATION PAPERS, AND PLAN OF PREPARATION.

(SELECTED.) BY BRAINERD KELLOGG, A.M., Professor of the English Language and Literature in the Brooklyn Cot legiate and Polytechnic Institute, and author of a "Text-Book on Rhetoric," a " Text-Book on English Literature," and one of the authors of Reed 6* Kellogg's "Graded Lessons in Eng- lish," and "Higher Lessons in English."

NEW YORK:

MAYNARD, MERRILL, & Co., Publishers, 43, 45, & 47 EAST TENTH STREET.

28992 AP SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS, EDITOR'S NOTE.

WITH NOTES.

Uniform in style and price with tkis volume. THE text here presented, adapted for use in miyec) MERCHANT OF VENICE. classes, has been carefully collated with that of six or seveD of the latest and best editions. Where there was any dis- KING HENRY V. agreement those readings have been adopted which AS YOU LIKE IT. seemed most reasonable and were supported by the best authority. JULIUS C^SAR. V' KING LEAR. Professor Meiklejohn's exhaustive notes form the sub- stance of those here used ; and his plan, as set forth in MACBETH. the " General Notice" annexed, has been carried out in TEMPEST. FONDO these volumes. But as these plays are intended rather for pupils in school and college than for ripe Shakespearian HAMLET. A. A TOBUCA DEL E5TADQI ij scholars, we have not hesitated to prune his notes of what- KING HENRY VIII ever was thought to be too learned for our purpose, or on other grounds was deemed irrelevant to it. The notes KING HENRY IV. (Part I.) of other English editors have been freely incorporated. B. K. KING RICHARD III.

COPYRIGHT, 1882, BY CLARK & MAYNARD. GENERAL NOTICE.

" AN attempt has been made in these new editions to interpret Shakespeare by the aid of Shakespeare himself. The Method of Comparison has been constantly employ- ed ; and the language used by him in one place has been compared with the language used in other places in simi- lar circumstances, as well as with older English and with newer English. The text has been as carefully and as thoroughly annotated as the text of any Greek or Latin classic. " The first purpose in this elaborate annotation is, of course the full working out of Shakespeare's meaning. The Editor has in all circumstances taken as much pains with this as if he had been making out the difficult and obscure terms of a will in which he himself was personally interested; and he submits that this thorough excavation of the meaning of a really profound thinker is one of the very best kinds of training that a boy or girl can receive at school. This is to read the very mind of Shakespeare, and to weave his thoughts into the fibre of one's own mental constitution. And always new rewards come to the care- ful reader—in the shape of new meanings, recognition of thoughts he had before missed, of relations between the vigorous phrases which would help to develop as well as characters that had hitherto escaped him. For reading to reflect vigor in the characters of the readers. Shake- Shakespeare is just like examining Nature; there are no speare used the English language with more power than hollownesses, there is no scamped work, for Shakespeare a!nyother writer that ever lived-he made it do more and is as patiently exact and as first-hand as Nature herself. say more than it had ever done; he made it speak in a " Besides this thorough working-out of Shakespeare's more original way ; and his combinations of wordsare per- meaning, advantage has been taken of the opportunity to petual provocations and invitations to originality and to teach his English—to make each play an introduction to newness of insight.»-!. M. D. MEIFLEJOHN M.A., the ENGLISH OF SHAKESPEARE. For this purpose copi- Professor of the Theory, History, and Practice of Educa- ous collections of similar phrases have been gathered from tion in the University of St. Andrews. other plays; his idioms have been dwelt upon ; his pecu- liar use of words; his style and his rhythm. Some Teachers may consider that too many instances are given; but, in teaching, as in everything else, the old French say- ing is true: Assez n'y a, s'il trop n'y a. The Teacher need not require each pupil to give him all the instances collected. If each gives one or two, it will probably be enough ; and, among them all, it is certain that one ortwo will stick in the memory. It is probable that, for those pu- pils who do not study either Greek or Latin, this close ex- amination of every word and phrase in the text of Shake- speare will be the best substitute that can be found for the study of the ancient classics. " It were much to be hoped that Shakespeare should become more and more of a study, and that every boy and girl should have a thorough knowledge of at least one play of Shakespeare before leaving school It would be one of the best lessons in human life, without the chance of a polluting or degrading experience. It would also have the effect of bringing back into the too pale and for- mal English of modern times a large number of pithy and eighth, and tenth are accented. The line consists, there- fore, ot five parts, each of which contains an unaccented followed by an accented syllable, as in the word attend. Each Shakespeare lived at a time when the grammar and vocabulary of these five parts forms what is called a foot or measure; of the English language were in a stale of transition. Various and the five together form a pentameter » Pentameter ' is a points were not yet settled; and so Shakespeare's grammar is Greek word signifying " five measures." This is the usua form not only somewhat different from our own but is by no means of a line of blank verse. But a long poem composed entirely uniform in itself. Iu the Elizabethau age. " Almost any part of of such lines would be monotonous, and for the sake of variety speech can be used as any other part of speech. An adverb can several important modifications have been introduced. be used as a verb, 'They askance their eyes:' as a noun, ' the backward and abysm of time:'or as an adjective, "a seldom (a) After the tenth syllable, one or two unaccented syllables pleasure.' Any noun, adjective, or intransitive verb can be are sometimes added; as— used as a transitive verb. You can ' happy' your friend, ' ma- lice' or 'foot' your euemy, or 'fall' an axe on his neck. An " Me-thought | you said \ you nti | ther lend | nor bor \ row." adjective can be used as an adverb; and you can speak and act Plutarch, introduces some modifications. Cassius was ' marvellous choleric and cruel,' and it was 'certainly thought that he made war and THIS tragedy embraces two memorable years of Roman history. It commences with the festival of the Lupercalia put himself into sundry dangers, more to have absolute in February 44 B.C., or in the year of Rome 709. Casar power and authority than to defend the liberty of his had in the preceding autumn returned triumphant from country.' He was also accused of being rapacious; 'he Spain, having defeated the sons of Pompey, and been ap- would oftentimes be carried away from justice for gain.' pointed consul for a period of ten years and dictator for The poet ventures a strong allusion to the ' itching palm' life. To fill the measure of Cesar's ambition, or of his of Cassius, but generally he has elevated the character of own adulation, Mark Antony then offered him the regal the astute conspirator, and by investing him with the dig- crown or diadem, which Casar reluctantly refused, and in nity of a Roman patriot he made him more worthy of being the friend and associate of Brutus. The prompt de- one month afterwards (March I5) the great soldier and statesman fell under the swords of the assassins. The in- cision and fiery zeal of Cassius as a republican were not c,dents of the conspiracy and death having been depicted only necessary towards carrying on their great design, but with all the dramatist's marvellous power and truth, he were required to bring out fully the character of Brutus, hurries over the succeeding events, devoting one short whom the poet evidently intended to be the hero of the scene to the merciless conscription of the triumvirs, and drama. Brutus, noble-minded, generous, and humane, is the drama closes with the battle of Philippi and the death inferior to Cassius in energy and penetration. His at- of firutus, 42 B.C. tempts to justify the sacrifice of Caesar are weak in the ex- treme. He has no personal enmity towards the dictator, The authority relied upon by Shakespeare for his his- he cannot say that Caesar's affections ' sway more than his torical facts was Plutarch's Lives, translated from the reason,' and he knows that their quarrel will 'bear no 10 color;' but then he argues that if Ca;sar were monarch of drama, as in life, the conqueror was sacrificed to Brutus. Rome he might become dangerous : ' It is possible,' says a recent author, 'to be a very great

' He would be crown'd :— man, and to be still very inferior to Julius Cajsar, the How that might change his nature, there's the question.' most complete character, so Lord Bacon thought, of all An ardent love of liberty and deep absorbing sense of pub- antiquity. Nature seems incapable of such extraordinary lic duty, seconded by the persuasions and promptings of combinations as composed his versatile capacity, which the stronger-minded Cassius, overpower the dictates of his was the wonder even of the Romans themselves. The conscience and understanding, and he rushes into the first general; the only triumphant politician; inferior to crime which he believes is to make Rome free. The fine none in eloquence ; comparable to any in the attainments humanity of Brutus is then awakened. He would do of wisdom, in an age made up of the greatest command- grace to Caisar's corpse; he would allow Mark Antony to ers, statesmen, orators, and philosophers that ever ap- make the funeral oration ; he would impose no restraint peared in the world; an author who composed a perfect on the friends of Casar; nor would he permit any injus- specimen of military annals in his travelling carriage ; at tice or corruption in his government The pure and lofty one time in a controversy with Cato, at another writing a patriot alone is conspicuous, but he sinks under the power treatise on punning and collecting a set of good sayings ; of baser natures, who knew mankind better, and Casar's fighting and making love at the same moment, and spirit is revenged. Nothing in all Shakespeare is more willing to abandon both his empire and his mistress for a touching than the picture of Brutus in adversity. The sight of the Fountains of the Nile—such did Ca;sar ap- conflict between his philosophy and his tenderness on the pear to his contemporaries.' * death of Portia and the loss of Cassius in battle, his care Shakespeare's drama was first printed in the folio of of his page Lucius, who falls asleep in Brutus's house: 1623. It appears in a more accurate form than most of the plays, yet about a score of misprints and minor errors ' Enjoy the honey heavy-dew of slumber: have been removed by the care of successive editors. The Thou hast no figures, nor no fantasies usual date of the composition of Julius Ccesar is referred 1 Which busy care draws in the brains of men ; to the year 1607, but Mr. Collier has shown good reasons and the mental struggle of Brutus preceding his death, for believing that it was acted before 1603. The subject are all drawn with indescribable effect, yet with such sim- had previously been dramatized. Gosson mentions a plicity as to preclude every idea or appearance of art Of

Caesar we see but little, and that little is scarcely in keep- * Lord Broughton (John Cam Hobhouse) in notes to Childe Harold, ing with the intellectual character of the original. In the Canto IV. play, entitled The History of Ccesar and Pompey, in 1579, me the belief of his genius being superhuman than the and in 1582 a Latin play by Dr. Richard Eedes, on the scene between Brutus and Cassius [Act IV. sc. 3]. In subject of Caesar's murder, was acted in the university of the Gnostic heresy it might have been credited with less Oxford. Lord Stirling, :n 1604, published a tragedy en- absurdity than most of their dogmas, that the Supreme titled fulius Ctzsar. To none of these, so far as can be had employed him to create, previously to his function of ascertained, was Shakespeare indebted.—MEIKLEJOHN. representing, characters.'—COLERIDGE.

'Shakespeare was, as I believe, conversant with the better class of English literature which the reign of Eliza- beth afforded. Among other books, the translation by North of Amyot's Plutarch seems to have fallen into his hands about 1607 [some years earlier]. It was the source of three tragedies founded on the lives of Brutus, Antony, and Coriolanus, the first bearing the name of Julius CaSsar. In this the plot wants even that historical unity which the romantic drama requires ; the third and fourth acts are ill connected ; it is deficient in female characters, and in that combination which is generally apparent amidst all the intricacies of his fable. But it abounds in fine scenes and fine passages ; the spirit of Plutarch's Brutus is well seized, the predominance of Ciesar himself is judiciously restrained, the characters have that indi- viduality which Shakespeare seldom misses ; nor is there, perhaps, in the whole range of ancient and modern elo- quence a speech more fully realizing the perfection that orators have striven to attain than that of Antony.'— HALLAM. • I know no part of Shakespeare that more impresses on JULIUS C>ESAR. OCTAVIUS CIESAR, Triumvirs after the death of MARCUS ANTONIUS, JULIUS CÌESAR. M.ÌEMILIUS LEPIDUS, CICERO, Ì JULIUS C^SAR PUBLIUS, > Senators. POPILIUS LENA, ) MARCUS BRUTUS, CASSIUS, ACT I. CASCA, CINNA, Conspirators against JULIUS SCENE I.—Rome. A Street. TREBONIUS, CIESAR. Enter FLAVIUS, MARULLUS, and a rabble a/Citizens, LIGARIUS, DBCIUS BRUTUS, Flavius. METELLUS CIMBER, . FLAVIUS and MARULLUS, Tribunes. ENCEl home, you idle creatures, ARTEMIDORUS o/Cnidos, a teacher of Rhetoric. get you home; [you not, CINNA, a Poet ; another Poet ; a Soothsayer. Is this a holiday? What, know LI'~ILIUS, TITINIUS, MESSALA, Young CATO, ami Being mechanical, you ought not walk, VOLUMNIUS, friends to Brutus and Cassius. Upon a laboring-day, without the sign VARRÒ, CLITUS, CLAUDIUS, STRATO, LUCIUS, and Of your profession ?—Spe^k, what trade art DARDANIUS, servants to Brutus. thou ? PINDARUS, servant to Cassius. 1 Cit. Why, sir, a carpenter. CALPHURNIA, wife to Csesar. Mar. Where is thy leather apron, and thy PORTIA, wife to Brutus. rule ? What dost thou with thy best apparel on ?— Senators, Citizens, Guards, Attendants, &>c. You, sir; what trade are you ? 2 Cit. Truly, sir, in respect of a fine work- SCENE,—ROME ; SABBIS J and n*ar PHIUPPV man, I am but, as you would say, a cobbler. Mar. But what trade art thou ? Answer me »6 directly. JULIUS C>ESAR. OCTAVIUS CIESAR, Triumvirs after the death of MARCUS ANTONIUS, JULIUS CÌESAR. M.ÌEMILIUS LEPIDUS, CICERO, Ì JULIUS C^SAR PUBLIUS, > Senators. POPILIUS LENA, ) MARCUS BRUTUS, CASSIUS, ACT I. CASCA, CINNA, Conspirators against JULIUS SCENE I.—Rome. A Street. TREBONIUS, CIESAR. Enter FLAVIUS, MARULLUS, and a rabble 0/Citizens, LIGARIUS, DBCIUS BRUTUS, Flavius. METELLUS CIMBER, . FLAVIUS and MARULLUS, Tribunes. ENCEl home, you idle creatures, ARTEMIDORUS o/Cnidos, a teacher of Rhetoric. get you home; [you not, CINNA, a Poet ; another Poet ; a Soothsayer. Is this a holiday? What, know LI'~ILIUS, TITINIUS, MESSALA, Young CATO, ami Being mechanical, you ought not walk, VOLUMNIUS, friends to Brutus and Cassius. Upon a laboring-day, without the sign VARRÒ, CLITUS, CLAUDIUS, STRATO, LUCIUS, and Of your profession ?—Spe^k, what trade art DARDANIUS, servants to Brutus. thou ? PINDARUS, servant to Cassius. 1 Cit. Why, sir, a carpenter. CALPHURNIA, wife to Csesar. Mar. Where is thy leather apron, and thy PORTIA, wife to Brutus. rule ? What dost thou with thy best apparel on ?— Senators, Citizens, Guards, Attendants, &c. You, sir; what trade are you ? 2 Cit. Truly, sir, in respect of a fine work- SCENE,—ROME ; SABBIS J and n*ar PHIUPPV man, I am but, as you would say, a cobbler. Mar. But what trade art thou ? Answer me »6 directly. 2 Cit. A trade, sir, that I hope I may use Knew you not Pompey ? Many a time and oft with a safe conscience; which is, indeed, sir, Have you climbed up to walls and battlements, a mender of bad soles. To towers and windows, yea, to chimney-tops, Mar. What trade, thou knave? thou Your infants in your arms, and there have sat naughty knave, what trade ? The livelong day, with patient expectation, 2 Cit. Nay, I beseech you, sir, be not out To see great Pompey pass the streets of with me: yet,if you be out, sir, I can mend Rome: you. And when you saw his chariot but appear, Mar. What meanest thou by that ? Mend Have you not made an universal shout, me, thou saucy fellow ? That Tiber trembled underneath her banks 2 Cit. Why, sir, cobble you. To hear the replication of your sounds, Flav. Thou art a cobbler, art thou ? Made in her concave shores ? 2 Cit. Truly, sir, all that I live by is with And do you now put on your best attire ? the awl: I meddle with no tradesman's mat- And do you now cull out a holiday ? ters, nor women's matters, but with all. Iam, And do you now strew flowers in his way. indeed, sir, a surgeon to old shoes; when That comes in triumph over Pompey's blood ? they are in great danger, I recover them. As Be gone! proper men as ever trod upon neat's-leather have gone upon mv handiwork. Run to your houses, fall upon your knees, Pray to the gods to intermit the plague Flav. But wherefore art not in thy shop That needs must light on this ingratitude. to-day ? [streets ? Flav. Go, go, good countrymen, and, for Why dost thou lead these men about the this fault, 2 Cit. Truly, sir,- to wear out their shoes, 30 to get myself into more work. But, indeed, Assemble all the poor men of your sort; sir, we make holiday, to see._.Ca5sar, and to Draw them to Tiber banks, and weep your rejoice in his triumph. tears Into the channel, till the lowest stream Mar. Wherefore rejoice ? What conquest Do kiss the most exalted shores of all. brings he home ? What tributaries follow him to Rome [Exeunt Citizens. To grace in captive bonds his chariot wheels ? See. wh£r their basest metal be not moved; You blocks, you stones, you worse than They vanish tongue-tied in their guiltiness. Go you down that way towards the Capitol; senseless things! This way will I: disrobe the images. O you hard hearts, you cruel men of Rome, If you do find them deck'd with ceremonies. Mar. May we do so ? Sooth. Caesar! You know it is the feast of LugfircaL Cces. Ha! who calls ? Flav. It is no matter; let no images Casca. Bid every noise be still:—peace 70 Be hung with Cassar's trophies. I'll about, yet again. [Music ceaszs. And drive away the vulgar from the streets: CCES '. Who is it in the press that calls on So do you too, where you perceive them thick. me ? These growing feathers pluck'd from Cassar's I hear a tongue, shriller than all the music, wing Cry Ccesar. Speak ; Caesar is turn'd to hear. • Will make him fly an ordinary pitch ; Sooth. Beware the ides of March. Who else would soar above the view of men, Cas. What man is that ? And keep us all in servile, fearfulness. Bru. A soothsayer bids you beware the [Exeunt. ides of March. Cces. Set him before me; let me see his 20 SCENE II.—The same. A public Place. face. Cas. Fellow, come from the throng: look Ente^ in procession, with music, C/ESAR ; ANTONY, upon Caesar. for the course: CALPHURNIA, PORTIA, DECIUS, Cces. What say'st thou to me now ? Speak CICERO, BRUTUS, CASSIUS, and CASCA \ a great crowd following; among them a Soothsayer. once again. Sooth. Beware the ides of March. Ccrs. Calphurnia,— Cas. He is a dreamer; let us leave him; Casca. Peace, ho ! Cassar speaks. —pass. Cas. Calphurnia,— [Music ceases. [Sennet. Exeunt all but BRUT0S and CASSIUS. Cal. Here, my lord. Cas. Will you go see the order of the CCPS. Stand you directly in Antonius' way, course ? When he doth run his course.—Antonius,— Bru. Not I. Ant. Ca;sar, my lord. Cas. I pray you, do. Cas. Forgfet not, in your speed, Antonius, Bru. I am not gamesome : I do lack some To touch Calphurnia: for our elders say, The barren, touched in this holy chase, part Of that quick spirit that is in Antony. Shake off their sterile curse. Let me not hinder, Cassius, your desires; 30 •4nt. I shall remember: 10 I'll leave you. When Csesar says,Do this, it is perform'd. Cas. Brutus. I do observe you now of late: Cas. Set on; and leave no ceremonv out. I have not from your eyes that gentleness, [Music. And show of love, as I was wont to have : And groaning underneath this age's yoke, You bear too stubborn and too strange a Have wish'd that noble Brutus had his eyes. hand Bru. Into what dangers would you lead Over your friend that loves you. me, Cassius, Bru. Cassius, That you would have me seek into myself Be not deceived : if I have veil'd my look, For that which is not in me ? I turn the trouble of my countenance Cas. Therefore, good Brutus, be prepared Merely upon myself. Vexed I am, to hear: Of late, with passions of some difference, And, since you know you cannot see yourself Conceptions only proper to myself, [viors : So well as by reflection, I, your glass, Which give some soil, perhaps, to my beha- Will modestly discover to yourself But let not therefore my good friends be That of yourself which you yet know not of. 70 grieved; [one;) And be not jealous on me, gentle Brutus : (Among which number, Cassius, be you Were I a comifion laugher, or did use Nor construe any further my neglect, To stale with ordinary oaths my love Than that poor Brutus, with himself at war, To every new protester; if you know Forgets the shows of love to other men. That I do fawn on men, and hug them hard, Cas. Then, Brutus, I have much mistook And after scandal them; or if you know your passion; [buried That I profess myself in banqueting By means whereof this breast of mine hath To all the rout, then hold me dangerous. 5° Thoughts of great value, worthy cogitations. [Flourish and shout. Tell me, good Brutus, can you see your face ? Bru. What means this shouting? I do Bru. No, Cassius : for the eye sees not it- fear the people self Choose Caesar for their king. But by reflection, by some other things. Cas. Ay, do you fear it ? 80 Cas. 'Tis just; Then must I think you would not have it so. And it is very much lamented, Brutus, Bru. I would not, Cassius ; yet I love him That you have no such mirrors as will turn well:— Your hidden worthiness into your eye, But wherefore do you hold me here so long ? That you might see your shadow. I have What is it that you would impart to me ? heard, TFTFbe aught toward the general good, Where many of the best respect in Rome, Set honor in one eye, and death i: the other, to (Except immortal Caesar,) speaking of Brutus, And 1 will look on both indifferently : ¡For let the gods so speed me as I love If Ciesar carelessly but nod on him. ¡The name of honor more than I fear death. He had a fever when he was in Spain, Cas. I know that virtue to be in you, And, when the fit was on him, I did mark 120 90 Brutus, How he did shake : 'tis true, this god did As well as I do know your outward favor. shake: Well, honor is the subject of my story.— His coward lips did from their color fly; I "'Cannot tell what you and other men And that same eye whose bend doth awe the Think of this life; but, for my single self, world I had as lief not be as live to be Did lose his lustre: I did hear him groan: In awe of such a thing as I myself. Ay, and that tongue of his, that bade the 1 was born free as Caesar; so were you : Romans [books, We both have fed as well; and we can both Mark him, and write his speeches in their Endure the winter's cold as well as he : Alas! it cried, Give me some drink, Titinius, 100 For once, upon a raw and gusty day, As a sick girl. Ye gods, it doth amaze me, The troubled Tiber chafing with her shores, A man of such a feeble temper should Ciesar said to me, Dar'st thou, Cassius, now So get the start of the majestic world, *3° Leap in with me into this angry flood, And bear the palm alone. [Shout. Flourish. A net swim to yonder point ?— U pon the word, Bru. Another general shout! Accoutred as I was, I plunged in, I do believe that these applauses are And bade him follow : so, indeed, he did. For some new honors that are heap'd on The torrent roar'd ; and we did buffet it Ciesar. With lusty sinews ; throwing it aside Cas. Why, man, he doth bestride the nar- And stemming it with hearts of controversy. .. row world, But ere we could arrive the point proposed, Like a Colossus ; and we petty men Ciesar cried, Help me, Cassius, or I sink. Walk under his huge legs, and peep about I, as ¿Eneas, our great ancestor, [der To find ourselves dishonorable graves. Did from the flames of Troy upon his shoul- Men at some time are masters of their fates: rhe old Anchises bear, so, from the waves The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, 140 of Tiber But in ourselves, that we are underlings. Did I the tired Cassar: and this man Brutus and CcEsar: what should be in that Is now become a god ; and Cassius is Ccesar ? [than yours ? A wretched creature, and must bend his Why should that name be sounded more body, Write ihem together, yours is as fair a name; Sound them, it doth become the mouth as Both meet to hear and answer such high well; [them, things. Weigh them, it is as heavy; conjure with Till then, my noble friend, chew upon this ; Brutus will start a spirit as soon as Ccesar. Brutus had rather be a villager [Shout. Than to repute himself a son of Rome Now in the names of all the gods at once, Under these hard conditions as this time Upon what meat doth this our Caesar feed, Is like to lay upon us. That he is grown so great ? Age, thou art Cas. I am glad that my weak words »50 shamed! [bloods! Have struck but thus much show of fire fvom Rome, thou hast lost the breed of noble Brutus. When went there by an age, since the great Re-enter CAESAR and hi3 Train. flood, [man ? Bru. The games are done, and Caesar is But it was famed with more than with one returning. When could they say, till now, that talk'd of Cas. As they pass by, pluck Casca by the Rome, ' [man ? sleeve; That her wide walls encompass'd but one And he will, after his sour fashion, tell you Now is it Rome indeed, and room enough, What hath proceeded worthy note to-day. When there is in it but one only man. Bru. I will do so.—But look you, Cassius, 0 ! you and I have heard our fathers say The angry spot doth glow on Caesar's brow, There was a Brutus once that would have And all the rest look like a chidden train : brook'd Calphurnia's cheek is pale ; and Cicero 160 The eternal devil to keep his state in Rome, Looks with such ferret and such fiery eyes, As easily as a king. As we have seen him in the Capitol, Bru. That you do love me I am nothing Being cross'd in conference by some senators. jealous; [aim; Cas. Casca will tell us what the matter is. What you would work me to I have some CITS. Antonius! How I have thought of this, and of these Ant. Caesar ? times, CCES. Let me have men about me that are 1 shall recount hereafter; for this present, fat; [nights : I would not, so with love I might entreat you, Sleek-headed men, and such as sleep o' Be any further moved. What you have said Yond Cassius has a lean and hungry look ; I will consider; what you have to say He thinks too much: such men are danger- I will with patience hear: and find a time ous. Ant. Fear him not, Czesar, he's not dan- Bru. I should not then ask Casca what had gerous ; chanced. 220 He is a noble Roman, and well-given. Casca. Why, there was a crown offered Cces. Would he were fatter:—but I fear him : and being offered him, he put it by with him not: the back of his hand, thus; and then the peo- Yet,if my name were liable to fear, ple fell a-shouting. aoo I do not know the man I should avoid Bru. What was the second noise for ? So soon as that spare Cassius. He read» Casca. Why, for that too. much; Cas. They shouted thrice: what was the He is a great observer, and he looks last cry for! Quite through the deeds of men: he loves Casca. Why, for that loo. no plays, Bru. Was the crown offered him thrice ? As thou dost, Antony : he hears no music: Casca. Ay, marry, was't, and he put it by Seldom he smiles ; and smiles in such a sort thrice, every time gentler than other: and at 230 As if he mock'd himself, and scorn'd his spirit every putting-by, mine honest neighbors That could be moved to smile at anything. shouted. Such men as he be never at heart's ease Cas. Who offered him the crown ? Whiles they behold a greater than them- Casca. Why, Antony. selves ; Bru. Tell us the manner of it, gentle 210 And therefore are they very dangerous. Casca. I rather tell thee what is to be fear'd Casca. I can as well be hanged as tell the Than what I fear, for always I am Cassar. manner of it: it was mere foolery ; I did not Come on my right hand, for this ear is deaf, mark it. I saw Mark Antony offer him a And tell me truly what thou think'st of him. crown ;—yet,'twas not a crown neither, 'twas [Exeunt C/ESAR and his train. CASCA stays one of these coronets ;—and, as I told you, behind. he put it by once; but, for all that, to my Casca. You pulled me by the cloak : would thinking, he would fain have had it. Then you speak with me ? he offered it to him again; then he put it by Bru. Ay, Casca; tell us what hath chanc'd again : but, to my thinking, he was very loth 240 to-day, to lay his fingers off it. And then he offered That Caesar looks so sad ? it the third time ; he put it the third time by: Casca. Why, you were with him, were you and still as he refused it, the rabblement not? shouted, and clapped their chapped hands, and threw up their sweaty night-caps, and ut- amiss, he desired their worships to think it 270 tered such a deal of noisome breath because was his infirmity. Three or four wenches, Caesar refused the crown that it had almost where I stood, cried Alas, good soul!—and choked Caesar; for he swooned, and fell forgave him with all their hearts : but there's down at it: and for mine own part, I durst no heed to be taken of them; if Cesar had not laugh, for fear of opening my lips and re- stabbed their mothers,they would have done 250 ceiving the bad air. no less. Cas. But, soft, I pray you: what, did Bru. And after that he came, thus sad, Cesar swoon ? away ? Casca. He fell down in the market-place, Casca. Ay. and foamed at mouth, and was speechless. Cas. Did Cicero say anything? Bru. 'Tis very like : he hath the falling- Casca. Ay, he spoke Greek. sickness. Cas. To what effect ? Cas. No, Caesar hath it not; but you and I Casca. Nay, an I tell you that I'll ne'er And honest Casca, we have the falling-sick- look you i' the face again: but those that un- ness. derstood him smiled at one another, and 280 Casca. I know not what you mean by that; shook their heads : but, for mine own part, it but, I am sure, Caesar fell down. If the tag- was Greek to me. I could tell you more rag people did not clap him and hiss him, news too : Marullus and Flavius, for pulling according as he pleased and displeased them, scarfs off Cesar's images, are put to silence. as they use to do the players in the theatre, I Fare you well. There was more foolery yet, 260 am no true man. if I could remember it. Bru. What said he when he came unto Cas. Will you sup with me to-night, Cas- himself? ca? Casca. Marry, before he fell down, when Casca. No, I am promised forth. he perceived the common herd was glad he Cas. Will you dine with me to-morrow ? refused the crown, he plucked me ope his doublet, and offered them his throat to cut.— Casca. Ay, if I be alive, and your mind An I had been a man of any occupation, if I hold, and your dinner worth the eating. 290 would not have taken him at a word, I would Cas. Good ; I will expect you. I might go to hell among the rogues :—and Casca. Do so: farewell both. [Exit. so he fell. When he came to himself again, Bru. What a blunt fellow is this grown to he said if he had done or said anything be! He was quick mettle when he went to school. Cas. So is he now in execution Of any bold or noble enterprise, SCENE 111.-7%* same. A Street. However he puts on this tardy form. This rudeness is a sauce to his good wit, Thunder and lightning. Enter, from opposite sides, CASCA, with his sword drawn, and CICERO. Which gives men stomach to digest his words Cic. Good even, Casca: brought you Cesar 300 With better appetite. home ? [so ? Bru. And so it is. For this time I will Why are you breathless ? and why stare you leave you: Casca. Are not you moved, when all the To-morrow, if you please to speak with me, sway of earth I will come home to you; or, if you will, Shakes like a thing unfirm? 0 Cicero, Come home to me, and I will wait for you. I have seen tempests, when the scolding Cas. I will do sotill then, think of_the Exit winds [seen world. \- BRUTUS. Have riv'd the knotty oaks; and I have Well, Brutus, thou art noble; yet,I see The ambitious ocean swell and rage and Thy honorable metal may be wrought foam, From that it is dispos'd : therefore 'tis meet To be exalted with the threatening clouds : That noble minds keep ever with their likes : But never till to-night, never till now, 310 For who so firm that cannot be seduced ? Did I go through a tempest dropping fire. Ciesar doth bear me hard: but he loves Either there is a civil strife in heaven, Brutus : Or else the world, too saucy with the gods, If I were Brutus now, and he were Cassius, Incenses them to send destruction. He should not humor me. I will this night, Cic. Why, saw you anything more wonder- In several hands, in at his windows throw, ful ? As if they came 'from several citizens, Casca- A common slave (you know him Writings all tending to the great opinion well by sight) [burn That Rome holds of his name; wherein ob- Held up his left hand, which did flame and scurely Like twenty torches join'd ; and yet his hand, Caesar's ambition shall be glanced at; Not sensible of fire, remain'd unscorch'd. And, after this, let Ciesar seat him sure ; Besides, (I have not since put up my sword,) 320 For we v/ill shake him, or worse days endure. Against the Capitol I met a lion, [Exit. Who glar'd upon me, and went surly by Without annoying me : and there were drawn Cas. A very pleasing night to honest men. Upon a heap a hundred ghastly women, Casca. Who ever knew the heavens men- Transformed with their fear; who swore ace so ? they saw • Cas. Those that have known the earth so Men all in fire walk up and down the streets. full of faults. And, yesterday, the bird of night did sit, For my part, I have walk'd about the streets, Even at noon-day, upon the market-place, Submitting me unto the perilous night; Hooting and shrieking. When these prodi- And, thus unbraced, Casca, as you see, gies Have bared my bosom to the thunder-stone: Do so conjointly meet, let not men say, And when the cross-blue lightning seem'd to These are ¿Iteir reasons,—they are natural/ open For, I believe, they are portentous things The breast of heaven, I did present myself Unto the climate that they point upon. Even in the aim and very flash of it. Cic. Indeed, it is a strange-disposed time : Casca. But wherefore did you so much But men may cdnslrue things, after their tempt the heavens ? fashion, [selves. It is the part of men to fear and tremble, Clean from the purpose of the things them- When the most mighty gods, by tokens, send Comes Cesar to the Capitol to-morrow ? Such dreadful heralds to astonish us. Casca. He doth ; for he did bid Antonius Cas. You are dull, Casca; and those Send word to you he would be there to- sparks of life morrow. That should be in a Roman you do want, Cic. Good night, then, Casca: this dis- Or else you use not. You look pale and turbed sky gaze [der, Is not to walk in. And put on fear and cast yourself in won- be Casca. Farewell, Cicero. To see the strange impatience of the heav- [Exit CICERO ens : But,if you would consider the true cause Enter CASSIUS. Why all these fires, why all these gliding Cas. Who's there ? ghosts, [kind, Casca. A Roman. Why birds and beasts, from quality and Cas. Casca, by your voice. Why old men fool and children calculate; Casca. Your ear is good. Cassius, what Why all these things change from their or- night is this! dinance, Their natures, and pre-formed faculties,_ Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of To monstrous quality ;—why you shall find iron, That heaven hath infused them with these Can be retentive to the strength of spirit: spirits, [ing But life, being weary of these worldly bars, 70 To make them instruments of fear and warn- Never lacks power to dismiss itself. Unto some monstrous state. If I know this, know all the world besides, Now could 1, Casca, name to thee a man That part of tyranny that I do bear Most like this dreadful night; [roars I can shake off at pleasure. [ Thunder stiU. That thunders, lightens, opens graves, and Casca. So can I : 100 As doth the lion in the Capitol; So every bondman in his own hand bears A man no mightier than thyself or me The power to cancel his captivity. In personal action ; yet prodigious grown Cas. And why should Ctssar be a tyrant, And fearful, as these strange eruptions are. then? Casca. 'Tis Cassar that you mean; is it Poor man! I know he would not be a wolf, not, Cassius ? But that he sees the Romans are but sheep : 80 Cas. Let it be who it is : for Romans now He were no lion were not Romans hinds. Have thews and limbs like to their ancestors, Those that with haste will make a mighty fire But, woe the while! our fathers' minds are Begin it with weak straws . what trash is dead, [its; Rome, And we are govern'd with our mothers' spir- What rubbish, and what offal, when it serves Our yoke and sufferance show us womanish. For the base matter to illuminate 110 Casca. Indeed they say the senators to- So vile a thing as Cassar! But, O grief, morrow Where hast thou led me ? I, perhaps, spea* Mean to establish Cssar as a king: this And he shall^vear his crown by sea and land, Before a willing bondman: then I know In every place save here in Italy. My answer must be made : but I am arm'ri, Cas. I know where I will wear this dagger And dangers are to me indifferent. then; Casca. You speak to Casca ; and to such 90 Cassius from bondage will deliver Cassius : man Therein, ye gods, you make the weak most That is no fleering tell-tale. Hold, my hand: strong; Be factious for redress of all these griefs; Therein, ye gods, you tyrants do defeat: And I will set this foot of mine as far Nor stony tower, nor walls of beaten brass, As who goes farthest. 120 Cas. There's a bargain made. And, look you, lay it in the praetor's chair, Now know you, Casca, I have moved already Where Brutus may but find it; and throw Some certain of the noblest-minded Romans this To undergo with me an enterprise In at his window: set this up with was Of honorable-dangerous consequence •, Upon old Brutus' statue ; all this done, And 1 do know by this they stay for me Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall In Pompey's porch: for now, this fearful find us. night, Is Decius Brutus and Treboraus there? There is no stir or walking in the streets: Cin. All but Metellus Cimber; and he's And the complexion of the element gone 130 In favor's like the work we have in hand, To seek you at your house. Well, I will hie, Most bloody, fiery, and most terrible. And so bestow these papers as you bade me. Casca. Stand close awhile, for here comes Cas. That done, repair to Pompey's theatre. one in haste. [Exit CINNA. Cas. 'Tis Cinna, I do know him by his Come, Casca, you and I will yet, ere day, gait; See Brutus at his house : three parts of him He is a friend. Is ours already ; and the man entire, Enter CINNA. Upon the next encounter, yields him ours. Cinna, where haste you so ? Casca. O, he sits high in all the people's Cin. To find out you. Who's that ? Me- hearts: tellus Cimber? And that which would appear offence in us Cas. No, it is Casca ; one incorporate His countenance, like richest alchemy, To our attempts. Am I not stay'd for, Cin- Will change to virtue and to worthiness. na ? Cas. Him and his worth and our great Cin. I am glad on't. What a fearful night need of him is this! [sights. You have right well conceited. Let us go, There's two or three of us have seen strange For it is after midnight; and ere day Cas. Am I not stay'd for ? Tell me. We will awake him, and be sure of him. Cin. Yes, you are. ^JSXSZCKI O Cassius, if you could 140 But win the noble Brutus to our party— Cas. Be you content. Good Cinna, take this paper, That at his will he may do danger with. The abuse of greatness is When it disjoins Remorse from power: and, to speak truth of ACT II. Caesar, I have not known when his affections sway'd 20 SCENE I,—The same. Brutus'* Orchard. More than his reason. But 'tis a common proof Enter BRUTUS. That lowliness is young ambition's ladder, Whereto the climber-upward turns his face: Brutus. But, when he once attains the upmost round, "¡HAT, Lucius! ho! He then unto the ladder turns his back, I cannot, by the progress of the Looks in the clouds, scorning the base de- stars, [cius, I say!— grees Give guess how near to day.—Lu- By which he did ascend : so Caesar may; ? would it were my fault to sleep so soundly.— Then, lest he may, prevent. And, since the When, Lucius, when ! Awake, I say! What, quarrel Lucius ! Will bear no color for the thing he is, Fashion it thus: that what he is. augmented, 30 Enter Lucius. Would run to these and these extremities : Luc. Call'd you, my lord ? And therefore think him as a serpent's egg, Bru. Get me a taper in my study, Lucius : Which, hatch'd, would, as his kind, grow When it is lighted, come and call me here. mischievous, Luc. I will, my lord. [Exit. And kill him in the shell. Bru. It must be by his death: and, for my 10 part, Re-enter Lucius. I know no personal cause to spurn at him, Luc. The taper burnetii in your closet, sir. But for the general. He would be crown'd :— Searching the window for a flint, I found How that might change his nature, there's This paper, thus seal'd up; and, I am sure, the question. [der; It did not lie there when I went to bed. It is the bright day that brings forth the ad- [Gives him the letter. And that craves wary walking. Crown him ?— Bru. Get you to bed again, it is not day. That;— Is not to-morrow, boy, the ides of March ? 40 And then, I grant, we put a sting in him, Luc. I know not, sir. Bru. Look in the calendar, and bring me Like a phantasma, or a hideous dream : word. The Genius and the mortal instruments Luc. I will, sir. [Exit. Are then in council; and the state of man, Bm The exhalations, whizzing in the air, Like to a little kingdom, suffers then • jive so much light, that I may read by them. The nature of an insurrection. [ Opens the letter, and reads. 'Brutus, thou sleep'st; awake, and see thyself. Re-enter Luoius. Shall Rome, &c. Speak, strike, redress !— Luc. Sir, 'tis your brother Cassius at the Brutus, thou sleep'st; awake!— door, 7° Such instigations have been often dropp'd Who doth desire to see you. o Where I have took them up. Bru. Is he alone ? Shall Rome, &*c. Thus must I piece it out; Ltic. No, sir, there are more with him. Shall Rome stand under one man's awe ? Bru. Do you know them ? What! Rome? Luc. No, sir; their hats are pluck'd about My ancestors did from the streets of Rome their ears, The Tarquin drive, when he was call'd a And half their faces buried in their cloaks, king. That by no means I may discover them By any mark of favor. Speak, strike, redress !—Am I entreated Bru. Let them enter. To speak and strike ? 0 Rome! I make [Exit Lucius. thee promise, They are the faction. 0 Conspiracy ! If the redress will follow, thou receivest Thy full petition at the hand of Brutus! Sham'st thou to show thy dangerous brow by night, Re-enter Lucius. When eviis are most free ? O, then, by day Where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough 80 Luc. Sir, March is wasted fourteen days. To mask thy monstrous visage ? Seek none, [Knock within, Conspiracy; Bru. 'Tis good. Go to the gate : some- Hide it in smiles and affability: 60 body knocks. [Exit Lucius. For,if thou path, thy native semblance on, Since Cassius first did whet me against Caesar, Not Erebus itself were dim enough I have not slept. To hide thee from prevention. Between the acting of a dreadful thing And the first motion, all the interim is Enter CASSIUS, CASCA, DECIUS, CINNA, METELLUS Weighing the youthful season of the year. CIMBER, and TREBONIUS. Some two months hence, up higher toward Cas. I think we are too bold upon your the north rest: He first presents his fire; and the high east no Good morrow, Brutus. Do we trouble you ? Stands, as the Capitol, directly here. Bru. 1 have been up this hour ; awake all Bru. Give me your hands all over, one by night. one. Know I these men that come along with you? Cas. And let us swear our resolution. Cas. Yes, every man of them; and no Bru. No, not an oath: if not the face of go man here men, [abuse,— But honors you • and every one doth wish The sufferance of our souls, the time s You had but that opinion of yourself If these be motives weak, break off betimes, Which every noble Roman bears of you. And every man hence to his idle bed ; This is Trebonius. So let high-sighted tyranny range on, Bru. He is welcome hither. Till each man drop by lottery. But if these, Cas. This, Decius Brutus. As I am sure they do, bear fire enough 120 Bru. He is welcome too. To kindle cowards, and to steel with valor Cas. This, Casca; this, Cinna; and this, The melting spirits of women; then, country- Metellus Cimber. men, Bru. They are all welcome. What need we any spur but our own cause What watchful cares do interpose themselves To prick us to redress? what other bond Betwixt yotfr eyes and night ? Than secret Romans, that have spoke the oo Cas. Shall I entreat a word ? [They-whisper. worHT" Dec. Here lies the east: doth not the day And will not palter ? and what other oath break here ? Than honesty to honesty engag'd Casca. No. That this shall be, or we will fall for it ? Cin. O, pardon, sir, it doth ; and yon gray Swear priests, and cowards, and men caute- lines lous, . That fret the clouds are messengers of day. Old feeble carrions, and such suffering souls 130 Casca. You shall confess that you are both That welcome wrongs ; unto bad causes swear deceived. Such creatures as men doubt: but do not stain Here, as I point my sword, the sun arises ; The even virtue of our enterprise, Nor the insuppressive mettle of our spirits, Which is a great way growing on the south, To think that or our cause or our perform- As to annoy us all: which to prevent, 160 ance, Let Antony and Cesar fall together. Did need an oath ; when every drop of blood Bru. Our course will seem too bloody, That every Roman bears, and nobly bears, Caius Cassius, Is guilty of a several bastardy, To cut the head off, and then hack the limbs If he do break the smallest particle Like wrath in death and epvy afterwards : Of any promise that hath pass'd from him. For Antony is but a limb of Cesar. Cas. But what of Cicero? shall we sound Let us be sacrificers,~bui not butchers, Caius. him ? We all stand up against the spirit of Cesar. I think he will stand very strong with us. And in the spirit of men there is no blood: Casca. Let us not leave him out. O, that we then could come by Cesar's spirit, Cin. No, by no means. And not dismember Cesar! But, alas, 170 Met. O let us have him ; for his silver hairs Cesar must bleed for it! And, gentle friends, Will purchase us a good opinion, Let's kill him boldly, but not wrathfully; And buy men's voices to commend our deeds: Let's carve him as a dish fit for the gods, It shall be said his judgment ruTd^our hands; Not hew him as a carcase fit for hounds: Our youths and wildness shall no whit ap- And let our hearts, as subtle masters do, pear, Stir up their servants to an act of rage, But all be buried in his gravity. And after seem to chide them. This shall Bru. O, name him not; let us not break make with him; Our purpose necessary, and not envious: For he will never follow anything Which so appearing to the common eyes, Tha_t other men begino . We shall be call'd purgers, not murderers. 180 (•as. Then leave him out. And for Mark Antony, think not of him; Casca. Indeed, he is not fit. For he can do no more than Cesar's arm, Dec. Shall no man else be touch'd but only When Cesar's head is off. Caesar ? Cas. Yet I fear him : Cas. Decius, well urged :—I think it is not For in the ingrafted love he bears to Cesar,— meet, Bru. Alas, good Cassius ! do not think of Mark Antony, so well beloved of Cesar, him: Should outlive Cesar: we shall find of him If he love Cesar, all that he can do A shrewd contriver; and you know his means, Is to himself—take thought, and die for If he improve them, may well stretch so far Cesar: ACT IL 38 JULIUS C/ESA R. EC. I. JULIUS CJESAli.

And that were much he should; for he is Cin. Be that the uttermost, and fail not given then. To sports, to wildness, and much company. Mel. Caius Ligarius doth bear Caesar hard, Treb. There is no fear in him ; let him not Who rated him for speaking well of Pompey; 190 die; I wonder none of you have thought of him. For he will live, and laugh at this hereafter. Bru. Now, good Metellus, go along by [Clock strikes. him; [reasons; Bru. Peace ! count the clock. He loves me well, and I have given him Cas. The clock hath stricken three. Send him but hither, and I'll fashion him. Treb. 'Tis time to part. Cas. The morning comes upon us : we'll Cas. But it is doubtful yet leave you, Brutus :— [member Whether Caesar will come forth to-day, or no: And, friends, disperse yourselves : but all re- For he is superstitious grown of late; What you have said, and show yourselves true Quite from the main opinion he held once Romans. Of fantasy, of dreams, and ceremonies; Bru. Good gentlemen, look fresh and mer- It may be these apparent prodigies, rily, The unaccustom'd terror of this night, Let not our looks put on our purposes ; 200 And the persuasion of his augurers But bear it as our Roman actors do, May hold him from the Capitol to-day. With untired spirits and formal constancy: Dec. Never fear that: if he be so resolved, And so, good-morrow to you every one. I can o'ersway him: for he loves to hear [.Exeunt all but BRUTUS. That unicorns may be betray'd with trees, Boy! Lucius .'—Fast asleep ? It is no matter; And bears with glasses, elephants with holes, Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber: Lions with toils, and men with flatterers : • Thou hast no figures nor no fantasies, But when I tell him he hates flatterers, Which busy care draws in the brains of men: He says he does ; being then most flattered. Therefore thou sleep'st so sound. Let me work : 3 o For I can give his humor the true bent; Enter PORTIA. And I will bring him to the Capitol. Por. Brutus, my lord I Cas. Nay, we will all of us be there to fetch Bru. Portia, what mean you? Wherefore him. rise you now ? Bru. By the eighth hour ; is that the utter- It is not for your health thus to commit most ? Your weak condition to the raw-cold morning. / Por. Nor for yours neither. You've un- Of the dank morning? What, is Brutus sick? gently, Brutus, [per, And will he steal out of his wholesome bed, Stole from my bed : and yesternight,'at sup- To dare the vile contagion of the night, You suddenly arose, and walk'd about, And tempt the rheumy and unpurgjki air 240 Musing and sighing, with your arms across: To add unto his sickness ? No, my Brutus; And when I ask'd you what the matter was, You have some S(j£kvofffiQce within your mind, You stared upon me with ungentle looks: Which, by the right and virtue of my place, 1 urged you further; then you scratch'd your I ought to know of: and, upon my knees, 270 head, I charm you, by my once commended beauty, And too impatiently stamp'd with your foot: By all your vows of love, and that great voW Yet I insisted, yet you answer'd not; Which did incorporate and make us one, But, with an angry wafture of your hand, That you unfold to me, yourself, your half, Gave sign for me to leave you : so I did; Why you are heavy; and what men to-night Fearing to strengthen that impatience Have had resort to you : for here have been Which seem'd too much enkindled; and, Some six or seven, who did hide their faces withal, Even from darkness. 250 Hoping it was but an effect of humor, Bru. Kneel not, gentle Portia. Which sometime hath his hour with every Por. I should not need, if you were gentle man. Brutus. It will not let you eat nor talk nor sleep ; Within.the bond of marriage, tell me, Brutus, 280 And, could it work so much upon your shape Is it excepted I should know no secrets As it hath much prevail'd on your condition, That appertain to you ? Am I yourself I should not know you, Brutus. Dear my But, as it were, in sqrt or limitation ; lord, To keep with you at meals, comfort your heart Make me acquainted with your cause of grief, And talk to you sometimes ? Dwell I but jn Bru. I am not well in health, and that is all. the suburbs WrX. For. Brutus is wise, and, were he not in Of your good pleasure ? health, Bru. You are mv true and honorable wife; He would embrace the means to come by it. As dear to me as are the ruddy drops Bru. Why, so I do:—good Portia, go to That visit my sad heart. 290 260 bed. Por. If this were true, then should I know Por. Is Brutus sick ? and is it physical this secret. To walk unbraced, and suck up the humors 42 JULIUS CALSAR. ACT IL sc. I. JULIUS C/ESAR. 43 I grant I am a woman; but, withal, Bru. O, what a time have you chose out, A woman that Lord Brutus took to wife: brave Caius. [sick! I grant I am a woman; but, withal, To wear a kerchief ? Would you were not A woman well-reputed,—Cato's daughter. Lig. I am not sick, if Brutus have in hand Think you I am no stronger than my sex, * \ Any exploit worthy the name of honor. Being so fathered, and so husbanded ? Bru. Such an exploit have I in hand, Tell me your counsels, I will not disclose Ligarius, them; Had you a healthful ear to hear of it. I have made strong proof of my constancy, Lig. By all the gods that Romans bow be- 3°° Giving myself a voluntary wound [tience, fore, Here, in the thigh: can I bear that with pa- I here discard my sickness ! Soul of Rome! And not my husband's secrets ? Brave son, derived from honorable loins 1 _ Br'1- O ye gods, Thou, like an exorcist, hast conjured up Render me worthy of this noble wife ! My mortified spirit. Now bid me run, [Knocking within. And 1 will strive with things impossible; Hark, hark! one knocks: Portia, go in a Yea, get the better of them. What's to do ? while; I Bru. A piece of work that will make sick And by and by thy bosom shall partake men whole. The secrets of my heart. Lig. But are not some whole that we must All my engagements I will cdnstrue to thee, make sick ? All the charfictery of my sad brows :— Bru. That must we also. What it is, my Leave me with haste. [Exit PORTIA. Caius, I shall unfold to thee, as we are going Enter Lucius and LIGARIUS. To whom it must be done. Lig. Set on your foot; Lucius, who is't that knocks ? And, with a heart new fired, I follow you, Luc. Here is a sick man that would speak To do I know not what: but it sufficeth 3r° with you. That Brutus leads me on. Bru. £aius Ligarius, that Metellus spake Bru. Follow me then. of.— f Exeunt. Boy, stand aside—Caius Ligarius! how? LLS- Vouchsafe good morrow from a feeble tongue. And graves have yawn'd and yielded up their SCENE II.—The same. A Room in Cesar'.? dead: Palace. Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, Thunder and lightning. Enter CsesAR in his In ranks, and squadrons, and right form of nightgown. war, Which drizzled blood upon the Capitol : Cats. Nor heaven nor earth have been at The noise of battle hurtled in the air, peace to-night: Horses did neigh, and dying men did groan, Thrice hath Calphurniain her sleep cried out, And ghosts did shriek and squeal about the Help, ho! They murder Ccesar ! Whos streets. within ? O Cesar ! these things are beyond all use, Enter a Servant. And I do fear them. Serv. My lord ? Cces. What can be avoided Cces. Go bid the priests do present sacri- Whose end is purposed by the mighty gods ? fice, Yet Cesar shall go forth : for these predic- And bring me their opinions of success. tions Set v. 1 will, my lord. [Exit. Are to the world in general, as to Cesar. Cal. When beggars die, there are no Enter CALPHURNIA. comets seen ; [of princes. Cal. What mean you, Cesar? Think you The heavens themselves blaze forth the death to walk forth ? Cces. Cowards die many times before their You shall not stir out of your house to-day. deaths: Cces. Cesar shall forth: the things that The valiant never taste of death but once. threaten'd me [shall see Of all the wonders that I yet have heard, Ne'er looked but on my back; when they It seems to me most strange that men should The face of Cesar, they are vanished. fear; Cal. Cesar, I never stood on ceremonies, Seeing that death, a necessary end, Yet now they fright me. There is one within, Will come when it will come. Besides the things that we have heard and Re-enter Servant. seen. [watch. Recounts most horrid sights seen by the What say the augurers ? A lioness hath whelped in the streets ; Serv. They would not have you to stir forth to-day. Plucking the gntrails of an offering forth, Cces. Shall Caesar send a lie ?' 40 They could not find a heart within the beast. Have I in conquest stretch'd mine arm so Cas. The gods do this in shame of cow- far, ardice ; To be afeard to tell graybeards the truth ? Caesar should be a beast without a heart, Decius, go tell them Caesar will not come. If he should stay at home to-day for fear. Dec. Most mighty Caesar, let me know No, Caesar shall not: Danger knows full well some cause, That Caesar is more dangerous than he. Lest I be laugh'd at when I tell them so. We are two lions litter'd in one day, Cas. The cause is in my will, I will not And I the elder and more terrible; come; And Caesar shall go forth. That is enough to satisfy the senate. Cal. Alas, my lord, But, for your private satisfaction, Your wisdom is consum'd in confidence. Because 1 love you, I will let you know; 50 Do not go forth to-day : call it my fear Calphurnia here, my wife, stays me at home: That keeps you in the house, and not your She dreamt tj>night she saw my statua, own. Which, like a fountain with a hundred spouts, We'll send Mark Antony to the senate-house; Did run pure blood; and many lusty Romans And he shall say you are not well to-day: Came smiling, and did bathe their hands in it. Let me, upon my knee, prevail in this. And these does she apply for warnings and Cas. Mark Antony shall say I am not well: portents And, for thy humor, I will stay at home. Of evils imminent; and on her knee Enter DECIUS. Hath begg'd that I will stay at home to-day. Here's Decius Brutus, he shall tell them so. Dec. This dream is all amiss interpreted ; Dec. Caesar, all hail! Good morrow, worthy It was a vision fair and fortunate: Ciesar: Your statue, spouting blood in many pipes, I come to fetch you to the senate-house. In which so many smiling Romans bathed, Cces. And you are come in very happy Signifies that from you great Rome shall suck time Reviving blood; and that great men shall To bear my greeting to the senators, press And tell them that I will not come to-day: For tinctures, stains, relics, and cognizance. Cannot, is false; and that I dare not, falser; This by Calphurnia's dream is signified. I will not come to-day : tell them so, Decius. Cas. And this way have you well ex- Cal. Say he is sick. pounded it. . Dec. I have, when you have heard what I Cces. I thank you for your pains and cour- can say: tesy. And know it now; the senate have concluded Enter ANTONY. To give, this day, a crown to mighty Cesar. If you shall send them word you will not See ! Antony, that revels long o' nights, come, [mock Is notwithstanding up. Good morrow, An- Their minds may change. Besides, it were a tony. Apt to be render'd, for some one to say Ant. So to most noble Cesar. Break up the senate till another time, CCES. Bid them prepare within :— When Ccesar's wife shall meet with better I am to blame to be thus wailed for.— Now, Cinna :—now, Metellus :—what, Tre- dreams. 12 «oo If Cesar hide himself, shall they not whisper, bonius ! Lo, Ccesar is afraid ? I have an hour's talk in store for you ; Pardon me, Cesar: for my dear, dear love Remember that you call on me to-day: To your proceeding bids me tell you this ; Be near me, that I may remember you. And reason to my love is liable. Treb. Cesar, I will -.—[aside.] and so near Cces. How foolish do your fears seem now, will I be, [further. Calphurnia! That your best friends shall wish I had been I am ashamed I did yield to them.— Cces. Good friends, go in, and taste some Give me my robe, for I will go:— wine with me; [together. And we, like friends, will straightway go Bru. [aside.'] That every like is not the Enter PUBLIUS, BRUTUS, LIGARIUS, METELLUS, CASCA, TREBONIUS, and. CINNA. same, 0 Cesar, The heart of Brutus yearns to think upon ! And look where Publius is come to fetch me. [Exeunt. Pub. Good morrow, Cesar. Cces. Welcome, Publius.— SCENE III.—The same. A Street near the Ito What, Brutus, are you stirr'd so early too? Capitol. Good morrow, Casca.—Caius Ligarius, Cesar was ne'er so much your enemy Enter ARTEMIDORUS, reading a paper. As that same ague which hath made you Art. lean.— Ciesar, beware of Brutus ; take heed of Cassius ; come What is't o'clock? not near Casca ; have an eye to Cinna; trust not Tre- Bru. Cesar, 'tis strucken eight bonius ; mark well Me^lius Cimber; Decius Brutus loves thee not; thou hast wronged Caius Ligarius. Por. Yes, bring me word, boy, if thy lord There is but one mind in all these men, and it is bent against Ciesar. If thou beest not immortal, bok about look well, you : security gives way to conspiracy. The mighty gods For he went sickly forth: and take good note defend thee 1 Thy lover, ARTEMIDORUS. What Caesar doth, what suitors press to him. Hark, boy ! what noise is that ? Here will I stand till Caesar pass along, Luc. I hear none, madam. io And as a suitor will I give him this. Por. Pr'ythee, listen well. My heart laments that virtue cannot live I hear a bustling rumor, like a fray, Out of the teeth of emulation. And the wind brings it from the Capitol. If thou read this, 0 Caesar, thou mayst live: Luc. Sooth, madam, I hear nothing. If not, the Fates with traitors do contrive. [Exit. Enter Soothsayer. Por. Come hither, fellow: SCENE IV .—The same. Another part of Which way hast thou been ? the same street, before the House of Brutus. Sooth. At mine own house, good lady. Enter PORTIA and Lucius. Por. What is't o'clock ? For. I pr'ythee, boy, run to the senate- Sooth. About the ninth hour, lady. house ; Por. Is Caesar yet gone to the Capitol ? Stay not to answer me, but get thee gone. Sooth. Madam, not yet; I go to take my Why dost thou stay ? stand Luc. To know my errand, madam. To see him pass on to the Capitol. Por. I would have had thee there, and Por. Thou hast some suit to Caesar, hast here again, [there.— thou not ? Ere I can tell thee what thou shouldst do Sooth. That I have, lady: if it will please 0 constancy, be strong upon my side ! Caesar Set a huge mountain 'tween my heart and To be so good to Caesar as to hear me, tongue! I shall beseech him to befriend himself. 1 have a man's mind, but a woman's might. Por. Why, know'st thou any harm's in- How hard it is for women to keep counsel!— tended towards him ? Art thou here yet ? Sooth. None that I know will be, much that Luc. Madam, what should I do? I fear may chance. [row : Run to the Capitol, and nothing else ? Good morrow to you. Here the street is nar- And so return to you, and nothing else ? The throng that follows Caesar at the heels, Of senators, of pretors, common suitors, Dec. Trebonius doth desire you to o'er-read, Will crowd a feeble man almost to death : At your best leisure, this his humble suit. I'll get me to a place more void, and there Art. 0 Cesar, read mine first; for mine's Speak to great Cesar as he comes alon|^ a suit [Cesar. That touches Cesar nearer: read it, great For. I must go in.—Ah me ! how weak a CCES. What touches us ourself shall be last thing served. The heart of woman is ! O Brutus ! Art. Delay not, Cesar; read it instantly. The heavens speed thee in thine enterprise ! CCES. What, is the fellow mad ? Sure, the boy heard me :— Brutus hath a suit Pub. Sirrah, give place. That Caesar will not grant.—O, I grow Cas. What, urge you your petitions in the faint:— street ? Run, Lucius, and commend me to my lord ; Come to the Capitol. Say I am merry : come to me again, C^SAR enters the Capitol, th: rest following. All the And bring me word what he doth say to Senators rise. thee. [Exeunt. Pop. I wish your enterpris. ,o-day may thrive. Cas. What enterprise, Popilius ! ACT III. Pop. Fare you well. [Advances to C.ESAR. SCENE I.—The same. The Capitol ; the Bru. What said Popilius Lena ? Senate sitting. Cas. He wish'd to-day our enterprise might A crowd of people in tin street leading to the Capitol; thrive. among them ARTEMIDORUS and the Soothsayer, I fear our purpose is discovered. Flourish. Enter C.ISAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS, CASCA, DECIUS, METEI.LUS, TRKBONIUS, CIN- Bru. Look, how he makes to Cesar : mark NA, ANTONY LEPIDUS, POPILIUS, PUBLIUS, and him. others. Cas. Casca, be sudden, for we fear pre- Casar. vention.— HE ides of March are come. Brutus, what shall be done ? If this be known, Sooth. Ay, Cesar; but not gone. Cassius or Cesar never shall turn back, Art. Hail, Cesar! Read this For I will slay myself. schedule. Bru. Cassius, be constant: Of senators, of praetors, common suitors, Dec. Trebonius doth desire you to o'er-read, Will crowd a feeble man almost to death : At your best leisure, this his humble suit. I'll get me to a place more void, and there Art. 0 Caesar, read mine first; for mine's Speak to great Caesar as he comes alon|^ a suit [Casar. That touches Caesar nearer: read it, great For. I must go in.—Ah me ! how weak a CCES. What touches us ourself shall be last thing served. The heart of woman is ! O Brutus ! Art. Delay not, Casar; read it instantly. The heavens speed thee in thine enterprise ! CCES. What, is the fellow mad ? Sure, the boy heard me :— Brutus hath a suit Pub. Sirrah, give place. That Caesar will not grant.—O, I grow Cas. What, urge you your petitions in the faint:— street ? Run, Lucius, and commend me to my lord ; Come to the Capitol. Say I am merry : come to me again, C^SAR enters the Capitol, th: rest following. All the And bring me word what he doth say to Senators rise. thee. [Exeunt. Pop. I wish your enterpris. ,o-day may thrive. Cas. What enterprise, Popilius ! ACT III. Pop. Fare you well. [Advances to C^SAR. SCENE I.—The same. The Capitol ; the Bru. What said Popilius Lena ? Senate sitting. Cas. He wish'd to-day our enterprise might A crowd of people in tht street leading to the Capitol; thrive. among them ARTEMIDORUS and the Soothsayer, I fear our purpose is discovered. Flourish. Enter C.ISAR, BRUTUS, CASSIUS, CASCA, DECIUS, METEI.LUS, TRKBONIUS, CIN- Bru. Look, how he makes to Casar : mark NA, ANTONY LEPIDUS, POPILIUS, PUBLIUS, and him. others. Cas. Casca, be sudden, for we fear pre- Casar. vention.— HE ides of March are come. Brutus, what shall be done ? If this be known, Sooth. Ay, Caesar; but not gone. Cassius or Casar never shall turn back, Art. Hail, Casar! Read this For I will slay myself. schedule. Bru. Cassius, be constant: Popilius Lena speaks not of our purposes; I spurn thee, like a cur, out of my way. For, look, he smiles, and Caesar doth not Know, Cesar doth not wrong: nor without change. cause Will he be satisfied. Cas. Trebonius knows his time ; for, look Met. Is there no voice more worthy than you, Brutus, my own He draws Mark Antony out of the way. To sound more sweetly in great Cesar's ear, [.Exeunt ANTONY and TREBONIUS. C-ESAR and the Senators take their seats. For the repealing of my banish'dbrother? Dec. Where is Metellus Cimber ? Let him Bru. I kiss thy hand, but not in flattery, g°> Cesar; And presently prefer his suit to Cesar. Desiring thee that Publius Cimber may Bru. He is address'd: press near, and Have an immediate freedom of repeal. second him. Cces. What, Brutus1 Cin. Casca, you are the first that rears Cas. Pardon, Cesar: Cesar, pardon: 3o your hand. [amiss As low as to thy foot doth Cassius fall To beg enfranchisement for Publius Cimber. Cas. Are we all ready? What is now Cces. I could be well mov'd if I were as That Cesar and his senate must redress ? you; [me: Met. Most high, most mighty, and most puissant Cesar, If I could pray to move, prayers would move Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat But I am constant as the northern star, An humble heart:— [Kneeling. Of whose true-fix'd and resting quality There is no fellow in the firmament. Cces. I must prevent thee, Cimber. The skies are painted with unnumber'd These couchings and these lowly courtesies sparks, Might fire the blood of ordinary men, And turn pre-ordinance and first decree They all are fire, and every one doth shine; Into the law of children. Be not fond, But there's but one in all doth hold his place ? (O To think that Cesar bears such rebel blood So, in the world : 'tis furnish'd well with men, That will be thaw'd from the true quality And men are flesh and blood, and apprehen- With that which melteth fools ; I mean sweet sive; words, [ing. Yet, in the number, I do know but one, That unassailable holds on his rank, Low-crooked curtsies, and base spaniel-fawn- Unshak'd of motion: and, that I am he^ Thy brother by decree is banished ; [him, Let me a little show it, even in this,— If thou dost bend pray and fawn for That I was constant Cimber should be ban- There is no harm intended to your person, ish'd, Nor to no Roman else : so tell them, Publius. And constant do remain to keep him so. Cas. And leave us, Publius; lest that the Cin. 0 Casar,— people, [chief. Gzs. Hence! wilt thou lift up Olympus ? Rushing on us, should do your age some mis- Dec. Great Casar,— Bru. Do so;—and let no man abide this Cess. Doth not Brutus bootless kneel ? deed Casca. Speak, hands, for me. But we the doers. [CASCA C/ESA R CÄSAR stabs in the neck. Re-enter TREBONIUS. catches hol J of his arm. He is then stabbed Cas. Where is Antony ? by several other Conspirators, and. at last by Tre. Fled to his house amazed : [run, MARCUS BRUTUS. Men, wives, and children stare, cry out, and Cas. Et tu, Brute?—Then fall, Casar. As it were doomsday. [Dies. The Senators and people retire in con- Bru. Fates! we will know your pleas- fusion. ures :— Cin. Liberty! Freedom! Tyranny is dead !— That we shall die we know; 'tis but the time, loo . Run hence, proclaim, cry it about the streets. And drawing days out, that men stand upon. Cas. Some to the common pulpits, and cry Cas. Why, he that cuts off twenty years of out,— life Liberty, freedom, and enfranchisement! Cuts off so many years of fearing death. Bru. People and senators! be not af- Bru. Grant that, and then is death a bene- frighted ; fit: Fly not; stand still:—ambition's debt is paid. So are we Casar's friends, that have abridged Casca. Go to the pulpit, Brutus. His time of fearing death.—Stoop, Romans Dec. And Cassius too. stoop, Bru. Where's Publius ? And let us bathe our hands in Casar's blood Cin. Here, quite confounded with this mu- Up to the elbows, and besmear our swords : tiny. Then walk we forth, even to the market- Met. Stand fast together, lest some friend place ; of Casar's And, waving our red weapons o'er our heads, no Should chance— Let's all cry, Peace, Freedom, aticl Liberty f Bru. Talk not of standing.—Publius, good Cas. Stoop, then, and wash.—How many cheer; ages hence SC. I. JULIUS CASSAR. 59 5» JULIUS CAUSAR. ACT IH.

Shall this our lofty scene be acted o'er Thorough the hazards of this untrodstate. In states unborn and accents yet unknown ! WTtli'atl true faith. So says my master An- Bru. How many times shall Cesar bleed tony. in sport, Bru. Thy master is a wise and valiant That now on Pompey's basis lies along, Roman; No worthier than the dust! I never thought him worse. 140 Cas. So oft as that shall be, Tell him, so please him come unto this place, So often shall the knot of us be call'd He shall be satisfied ; and, by my honor, The men that gave their country liberty. Depart untouch'd. Serv. I'll fetch him presently. Dec. What, shall we forth ? [Exit. 120 Cas. Ay, every man away: Brutus shall lead ; and we will grace his heels Bru. I know that we shall have him well With the most boldest and best hearts of to friend. Rome. Cas. I wish we may: but yet have I a Bru. Soft, who comes here ? mind . . That fears him much; and my misgiving still Enter a Servant. Falls shrewdly to the purpose. A friend of Antony's. Bru. But here comes Antony. Serv. Thus, Brutus, did my master bid me kneel; Re-enter ANTONY. Thus did Mark Antony bid me fall down ; Welcome, Mark Antony. And, being prostrate, thus he bade me say: Brutus is noble, wise, valiant, and honest ; Ant. 0 mighty Cesar! dost thou lie so Ccesat was mighty, bold, royal, and loving: low ? [spoils, Say I love Brutus, and I honor him j Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, 150 Say Ifear'd Ccesar, honor'd him, and loved Shrunk to this little measure ?—Fare thee well.— . 130 him. If Brutus will vouchsafe that Antony I know not, gentlemen, what you intend, May safely come to him, and be resolv'a Who else must be let blood, who else is rank: How Ccesar hath deserved to lie in death, If I myself, there is no hour so fit Mark Antony shall not love Ccesar dead As Cesar's death's hour; nor no instrument So well as Brutus living; but will follow Of half that worth as those your swords, The fortunes and affairs of noble Brutus, made rich With the most noble blood of all this world. Why I, that did love Caesar when I struck I do beseech ye, if you bear me hard, him, Now, whilst your purpled hands do reek and Have thus proceeded. smoke, Ant. I doubt not of your wisdom. Fulfil your pleasure. Live a thousand years, Let each man render me his bloody hand: I shall not find myself so apt to die : First, Marcus Brutus, will I shake with you; No place will please me so. no mean of death, Next, Caius Cassius, do I take your hand ; As here by^aesar, and byj'ou cut off, Now, Decius Brutus, yours;—now yours, The choice aifd master spirits of this age. Metellus ; [yours;— Bru. O Antony! beg not your death of us. Yours, Cinna; — and, my valiant Casca, Though now we must appear bloody and Though last, not least in love, yours, good cruel, Trebonius. 190 As, by our hands and this our present act, Gentlemen all,—alas ! what shall I say ? You see we do ; yet see you but our hands, My credit now stands on such slippery ground And this the bleeding business they have That one of two bad ways you must conceit done: me, Our hearts you see not, they are pitiful; Either a coward or a flatterer.— And pity to the general wrong of Rome That I did love thee, Caesar, O, 'tis true : (As fire drives out fire, so pity, pity) If, then, thy spirit look upon us now, Hath done this deed on Caesar. For your Shall it not grieve thee dearer than thy death part, [Antony: To see thy Antony making his peace, To you our swords have leaden points, Mark Shaking the bloody fingers of thy foes, Our arms in strength of amity, and our Most noble ! in the presence of thy corse ? 200 hearts Had 1 as many eyes as thou hast wounds, Of brothers' temper, do receive you jn Weeping as fast as they stream forth thy With all kind love, good thoughts, and rev- blood, erence. It would become me better, than to close Cos. Your voice shall be as strong as any In terms of friendship with thine enemies. man's Pardon me, Julius !—Here wast thou bay'd, In the disposing of new dignities. brave hart; [stand, \ Bru. Only be patient, till we have appeased Here didst thou fall; and here thy hunters The multitude, beside themselves with fear; Sign'd in thy spoil, andcrimson'd inthylethe. And then we will deliver you the cause, O world ! thou wast the forest to this hart; And this, indeed, 0 world! the heart of That Antony speak in his funeral: [moved thee.— • Know you how much the people may be 210 How like a deer, strucken by many princes, By that which he will utter ? Dost thou here lie ! Bru. By your pardon;— Cas. Mark Antony,— I will myself into the pulpit first, Ant. Pardon me, Caius Cassius ; And show the reason of our Cesar's death: The enemies of Cesar shall say this ; What Antony shall speak I will protest Then, in a friend, it is cold modesty. He speaks by leave and by permission ; 241 Cas. I blame you not for praising Cesar And that we are contented Cesar shall so; Have all true rites and lawful ceremonies. But what compdct mean you to have with us ? It shall advantage more than do us wrong. Will you be piick'd in number of our friends; Cas. I know not what may fall; I like it Or shall we on, and not depend on you ? not. Ant. Therefore I took your hands; but Bru. Mark Antony, here, take you Cesar's was, indeed, Cesar. body. 220 Sway'd from the point, by looking down on You shall not in your funeral speech blame us, Friends am I with you all, and love you all; But speak all good you can devise of Cesar; Upon this hope, that you shall give me rea- And say you do't by our permission ; sons Else shall you not have any hand at all Why and wherein Cesar was dangerous. About his funeral: and you shall speak Bru. Or else were this a savage spectacle. In the same pulpit whereto I am going, 250 Our reasons are so full of good regard After my speech is ended. That were you, Antony, the son of Cesar, Ant. Be it so; You should be satisfied. I do desire no more. Ant. That's all I seek : Bru. Prepare the body then, and follow us. And am, moreover, suitor that I may [Exeunt all but ANTONY. Produce his body to the market place ; Ant. 0, pardon me, thou bleeding piece Ana in the pulpit, as becomes a friend, of earth, [ers! Speak in tne order of his funeral. That I am meek and gentle with these butch- Bru. You shall, Mark Antony. Thou art the ruins of the noblest man Cas. Brutus, a word with you.— That ever liv^d in the tide of times. [Aside to BRUTUS.] YOU know not what you Woe to the hands that shed this costly blood ! Go; QO not consent Over thy wounds now do I prophesy,— e6o Which, like dumb mouths, do oge.their ruby Seeing those beads of sorrow stand in thine, lips [tongue,— Begin to water. Is thy master coming ? To beg the voice and utterance of my Serv. He lies to-night within seven leagues A curse shall light upon the limbs of men ; of Rome. Domestic fury and fierce civil strife Ant. Post back with speed, and tell him Shall cumber all the parts of Italy: what hath chanced: Blood ancTclestruction shall be so in use, Here is a mourning Rome, a dangerous Rome, And dreadful objects so familiar, [hold No Rome of safety for Octavius yet; That mothers shall but smile when they be- Hie hence, and tell him so. Yet, stay awhile; Their infants quarter'd with the hands of war; Thou shalt not back till I have borne this •270 All pity chok'd with custom of fell deeds: corse And Casar's spinfTranging for revenge, Into the market-place : there shall I try, With Até by his side, come hot from hell, In my oration, how the people take Shall in these confines with a monarch's The cruel issue of these bloody men ; voice According to the which thou shalt discourse Cry Havoc, and let slip the dogs of war; To young Octavius of the state of things. That this foul deed shall smell above the Lend me your hand. earth [Exeunt, with CAESAR'S body.

With carrion men, groaning for burial. SCENE II.—The same. The Forum.

Enter BRUTUS I7«I/CASSIUS and athrongofC\fatns. Enter a Servant. Cit. We will be satisfied; let us be satisfied. You serve Octavius Casar, do you not ? 3ru. Then follow me, and give me audi- Serv. I do, Mark Antony. ence, friends.— Ant. Casar did write for him to come to Cassius, go you into the other street, Rome. And part the numbers.— Serv. He did receive his letters, and is 280 coming: Those that will hear me speak, let them stay And bid me say to you by word of mouth,— here; [,Seeing the body.] Ó Casar! Those that will follow Cassius, go with him; Ant. Thy heart is big; get thee apart and And public reasons shall be rendered weep. Of Casar's death. Passion, I see, is catching; for mine eyes, 1 Cit. I will hear Brutus speak. 2 Cit. I will hear Cassius; and compare try ? If any, speak; for hira have I offended. their reasons, I pause for a reply. 10 When severally we hear them rendered. atizens. None, Brutus, none. [Exit CASSIUS -with some of the Citizen». Bru. Then none have I offended. I have BRUTUS goes into the Rostrum. done no more to Cesar than you shall do to 3 at. The noble Brutus is ascended: Brutus. The question of his death is enrolled silence! in the Capitol; his glory not extenuated, Bru. Be patient till the last. wherein he was worthy; nor his offences en- Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me forced, for which he suffered death. for my cause; and be silent that you may hear: believe me for mine honor: and have Enter ANTONY and others, with C/ESAR'S body. respect to mine honor that you may believe : Here comes his body, mourned by Mark An- censure me in your wisdom ; and awake yom tony : who, though he had no hand in his senses that you may the better judge. If death, shall receive the benefit of his dying, 40 there be any in this assembly, any dear friend a place in the commonwealth : as which of of Cesar's, to him I say that Brutus' love to you shall not ? With this I depart: that, as Cesar was no less than his. If, then, that I slew my best lover for the good of Rome. I friend demand why Brutus rose against have the same dagger for myself, when it 20 Cesar, this is my answer,—Not that I loved shall please my country to need my death. Cesar less, but that I loved Rome more. atizens. Live, Brutus, live ! live ! Had you rather Cesar were living, and die all 1 Cit. Bring him with triumph home unto slaves; than that Cesar were dead, to live his house. all free men ? As Cesar loved me, I weep 2 Cit. Give him a statue with his ancestors. for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; 3 Cit. Let him be Cesar. as he was valiant, I honor him: but, as he 4 Cit. Cesar's better parts was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears Shall now be crown'd in Brutus. for his love ; joy for his fortune ; honor for 1 Cit. We'll bring him to his house with his valor; and death for his ambition. Who shouts and clamors. 50 is here so base that would be a bondman ? If Bru. My countrymen,— any, speak; for him have I offended. Who 2 Cit. Peace ; silence! Brutus speaks. is here so rude that would not be a Roman ? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who 1 Cit. Peace, ho ! [alone, 3° is here so vile that will not love his coun- Bru. Good countrymen, let me depart And, for my sake, stay here with Antony: Do grace to Caesar's corpse, and grace his Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest, speech [tony, (For Brutus is an honorable man ; 8o Tending to Caesar's glories ; which Mark An- So are they all, all honorable men ;) By our permission, is allow'd to make. Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. I 'do entreat you, not a man depart, He was my friend, faithful and just to me : Save I alone, till Antony have spoke. [Exit. But Brutus says he was ambitious ; I Cit. Stay, ho! and let us hear Mark An- And Brutus is an honorable man. tony. He hath brought many captives home to Rome, 3 Cit. Let him go up into the public chair; We'll hear him. Noble Antony, go up. Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill: Ant. For Brutus' sake 1 am beholding to Did this in Caesar seem ambitious ? [wept: you. When.that the poor have cried, Caesar hath 4 Cit. What does he say of Brutus ? Ambition should be made of sterner stuff: 9° 3 Cit. He says, for Brutus' sake Yet Brutus says he was ambitious ; He finds himself beholding to us all." And Brutus is an honorable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal 4 Cit. 'Twere best he speak no harm of I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Brutus here. Which he did thrice refuse. ' Was this am- 1 Cit. This Caesar was a tyrant. bition ? 3 Cit. Nay, that's certain : We are bless'd that Rome is rid of him. Yet Brutus says he was ambitious ; 2 Cit. Peace ; let us hear what Antony can And, sure, he is an honorable man. say. I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, Ant. You gentle Romans— But here I am to speak what I do know. Citizens. Peace, ho! let us hear him. You all did love him once, not without cause ; ioo Ant. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend What cause withholds you, then, to mourn me your ears; for him ? I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. O judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts, The evil that men do lives after them-, And men have lost their reason 1—Bear with The good is oft interred with their bones; me; So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, Hath told you Caesar was ambitious: And I must pause till it come back to me. If it were so, it was a grievous fault; I Cit. Methinks there is much reason in And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it his sayings. 2 Cit. If thou consider rightly of the matter, And dip their napkins in his sacred blood; Cesar has had great wrong. Yea, beg a hair of him for memory, 3 Cit. Has he, masters ? And, dying, mention it within their wills, I fear there will a worse come in his place. Bequeathing it, as a rich legacy, 4 Cit. Mark'd ye his words? He would Unto their issue. no not take the crown ; 4 Cit. We'll hear the will: read it, Mark Therefore, 'tis certain he was not ambitious. Antony. 1 Cit. If it be found so, some will dear Citizens. The will, the will! we will hear abide it. Cesar's will. 2 Cit. Poor soul! his eyes are red as fire Ant. Have patience, gentle friends, I must with weeping. not read it; 3 Cit. There's not a nobler man in Rome It is not meet you know how Cesar loved you. than Antony. You are not wood, you are not stones, but 4 Cit. Now mark him, he begins again to men; - 14° speak. And, being men, hearing the will of Cesar Ant. But yesterday the word of Cesar It will inflame you, it will make you mad might [there, 'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs; Have stood against the world: now lies he For if you should, 0. what would come of it! And none so poor to do him reverence. 4 Cit. Read the will; we'll hear it, Antony; 0 masters! if I were disposed to stir You shall read us the will; Cesar's will 120 Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, Ant. Will you be patient ? will you stay 1 should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong, awhile ? Who, you all know, are honorable men: ' I have o'ershot myself to tell you of it. I will not do them wrong; I rather choose I fear I wrong "the honorable men [fear it. To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Whose daggers have stabb'd Cesar: I do 150 Than I will wrong such honorable men. 4 Cit. They we>e traitors : honorable men ! But here's a parchment with the seal of Citizens. The will! the testament! Cesar, 2 Cit. They were villains, murderers: the will! read the will! I found it in his closet, 'tis his will: Let but the commons hear this testament, Ant. You will compel me, then, to read the (Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read,) will ? And they would go and kiss dead Cesar's Then make a ring about the corpse of Cesar, 130 wounds, And let me show you him that made the wilL Shall I descend ? And will you give me Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, leave ? Quite vanquish'd him: then burst his mighty Citizens Come down. heart; 160 2 Cit. Descend. \He comes down. And, in his mantle muffling up his face, 3 Cit. You shall have leave. Even at the base of Pompey's statua, [fell. 4 Cit. A ring ; stand round. Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar 1 Cit. Stand from the hearse, stand from O, what a fall was there, my countrymen ! the body. Then I and you and all of us fell down, 2 Cit. Rooni for Antony ;—most noble An- Whilst bloody treason flourish'd over us. tony. O. now you weep; and, I perceive, you feel Ant. Nay, press not so upon me; stand The dint of pity : these are gracious drops. far off. Kind souls, what, weep you, when you but Citizens. Stand back ! room! bear back! behold [here, Ant. If you have tears, prepare to shed Our Caesar's vesture wounded ? Look you them now. Here is himself, marr'd, as ycu see, with You all do know this mantle: I remember traitors. The first time ever Caesar put it on; 1 Cit. O piteous spectacle ! 170 'Twas on a summer's evening, in his terit; 2 Cit. 0 noble Caesar ! That day he overcame the Nervii:— 3 Cit. O woeful day ! Look! in this place ran Cassius' dagger through: 4 Cit. 0 traitors, villains ! 1 Cit. O most bloody sight! 20a See what a rent the envious Casca made: 2 Cit. We will be revenged. Through this the well-beloved Brutus Citizens. Revenge ! about ! — seek ! — stabb'd; burn !—fire !—kill!—slay!—let not a traitor And, as he pluck'd his cursed steel away, live! Mark how the blood of Caesar follow'd it, Ant. Stay, countrymen. As rushing out of doors to. be.resolv'd 1 Cit. Peace there:—hear the noble An- If Brutus so unkindly knock'd, or no; tony. For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar's angel: Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved 2 Cit. We'll hear him, we'll follow him, 180 him! we'll die with him. Ant. Good friends, sweet friends, let me This was the most unkindest cut of all: not stir you up For,when the noble Caesar saw him stab, To such a sudden flood of mutiny. Wherein hath Cesar thus deserved your 2io They that have done this deed are honorable ; loves ? What private griefs they have, alas ! I know Alas, you know not—I must tell you, then:—- not, [orable; You have forgot the will I told you of. That made them do it; they are wise and hon- Citizens. Most true; the will ¡—let's stay, And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you. and hear the will. I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts; Ant. Here is the will, and under Cesar's I am no orator, as Brutus is ; seal, But as you know me all, a plain.blunt man, That love my friend; and that they know full To every Roman citizen he gives, well To every several man, seventy-five drachmas. That gave me public leave to speak of him. 2 Cit. Most noble Cesar ¡—we'll revenge For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth, his death. Action, nor utterance, nor the power of 3 Cit. O royal Cesar ! 220 speech, Ant. Hear me with patience. Citizens. Peace, ho! To stir men's blood : I only speak right on; I tell you that which you yourselves do know; Ant. Moreover, he hath left you all his Show you sweet Cesar's wounds, poor, poor walks, dumb mouths, [tus, His private arbors, and new-planted or- chards And bid them speak for me: but.were I Bru- On this side Tiber; he hath left them you, And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony And to your heirs forever; common pleas- Would ruffle up your spirits, and put a tongue ures, In every wound of Cesar that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny. To walk abroad, and recreate yourselves. Citizens. We'll mutiny! Here was a Ce^ar ! When comes such an- 230 I Cit. We'll burn the house of Brutus ! other ? 1 Cit. Never, never ¡—Come, away, away! 3 Cit. Away,then : come, seek the conspir- We'll burn his body in the holy place. ators ! Ant. Yet hear me, countrymen ; yet hear And with the brands fire the traitors' houses. me speak. Take up the body. Citizens. Peace, ho! Hear Antony, most 2 Cit. Go, fetch fire. noble Antony. 3 Cit. Pluck down benches. Ant. Why, friends, you go to do you know 4 Cit. Pluck down forms, windows, any- not what: thing. [Exeunt Citizens, with the body. Ant. Now let it work 1 Mischief, thou art 2 Cit. Whither are you going ? 3 Cit. Where do you dwell ? afoot, Take thou what course thou wilt!— 4 Cit. Are you a married man or a bache- lor? Enter a Servant. 2 Cit. Answer every man directly. 26o H ow now, fellow ? 1 Cit. Ay, and briefly. Serv. Sir, Octavius is already come to 4 Cit. Ay, and wisely. Rome. 3 Cit. Ay, and truly, you were best. Ant. Where is he ? Cin. What is my name ? Whither am I Serv. He and Lepidus are at Caesar's house. going? Where do I dwell? Am I a mar- Ant. And thither will I straight to visit ried°man or a bachelor? Then, to answer him: every man directly and briefly, wisely and He comes upon a wish- Fortune is merry, truly; wisely, I say I am a bachelor. And in this mood wili give us anything. 2 Cit. That's as much as to say they are Serv. I heard him say, Brutus and Cassius fools that marry: you'll bear me a bang for Are rid like madmen through the gates of that, I fear. Proceed ; directly. Rome. Cin. Directly, I am going to Caesar's fu- Ant. Belike they had some notice of the neral. people, [vius. 1 Cit. As a friend or an enemy ? o-io How I had moved them. Bring me to Octa- Cin. As a friend. ' [Exeunt. 2 Cit. That matter is answered directly. 4 Cit. For your dwelling —briefly. Cin. Briefly, I dwell by the Capitol. SCENE III.—The same. A Street. 3 Cit. Your name, sir, truly. Enter ClNNA, the Poet. Cin. Truly, my name is Cinna. Cin. I dreamt to-night that I did feast with 1 Cit. Tear him to pieces, he's a conspira- tor. Caesar, Cin. I am Cinna, the poet, I am Cinna the And things unlucky charge my fantasy : poet. I have no will to wander forth of doors, 4 Cit. Tear him for his bad verses, tear him Yet something leads me forth. for his bad verses. Enter Citizens. Cin. I am not Cinna.the conspirator. I Cit. What is your name ? 2 Cit, It is no matter, his name's Cinna; pluck but his name out of his heart, and turn Ant. This is a slight,unmeritable man, him going. Meet to be sent on errands : is it fit, The three-fold world divided, he should stand 3 Cit. Tear him, tear him! Come, brands, One of the three to share it ? ho! firebrands. To Brutus', to Cassius', burn all. Some to Decius' house, and some Oct. So you thought him; to Casca's • some to Ligarius': away ; go ! And took his voice who should be prick'd to [Exeunt. die, In our black sentence and proscription. Ant. Octavius, I have seen more days than you: And,though we lay these honors on this man, ACT IV. To ease ourselves of divers slanderous loads, He shall but bear them as the ass bears gold, SCENE l.—A Room in Antony'J- House. To groan and sweat under the business, Either led or driven, as we point the way; ANTONY, OCTAVIUS, and LEPIDUS, seated at a table. And, having brought our treasure where we Antony. will, HESE many, then, shall die; their Then take we down his load, and turn him off, names are prick'd. Like to the empty ass, to shake his ears, Oct. Your brother too must die: And graze jn commons. consent you, Lepidus ? • Oct. You may do your will; Lep. I do consent— But he's a tried and valiant soldier. Oct. Prick him down, Antony. Ant. So is my horse, Octavius; and for Lep. Upon condition Publius shall not live, that Who is your sister's son, Mark Antony. I do appoint him store of provender. Ant. He shall not live : look, with a spot I It is a creature that I teach to fight, damn him. To wind, to stop, to run directly on ; But, Lepidus, go you to Cesar's house; His corporal motion govern'd by my spirit. Fetch the will hither, and we shall determine And, in some taste, is Lepidus but so; How to cut off some charge in legacies. He must be taught and train'd and bid go Lep. What, shall I find you here ? forth: Oct. Or here or at the Capitol. A barren-spirited fellow ; one that feeds [Exit LEPIDUS. On abject orts and imitations, pluck but his name out of his heart, and turn Ant. This is a slight,unmeritable man, him going. Meet to be sent on errands : is it fit, The three-fold world divided, he should stand 3 Cit. Tear him, tear him! Come, brands, One of the three to share it ? ho! firebrands. To Brutus', to Cassius', burn all. Some to Decius' house, and some Oct. So you thought him; to Casca's • some to Ligarius': away ; go ! And took his voice who should be prick'd to [Exeunt. die, In our black sentence and proscription. Ant. Octavius, I have seen more days than you: And,though we lay these honors on this man, ACT IV. To ease ourselves of divers slanderous loads, He shall but bear them as the ass bears gold, SCENE I.—A Room in Antony'J- House. To groan and sweat under the business, Either led or driven, as we point the way; ANTONY, OCTAVIUS, and LEPIDUS, seated at a table. And, having brought our treasure where we Antony. will, HESE many, then, shall die; their Then take we down his load, and turn him off, names are prick'd. Like to the empty ass, to shake his ears, Oct. Your brother too must die: And grazejn commons. consent you, Lepidus ? • Oct. You may do your will; Lep. I do consent— But he's a tried and valiant soldier. Oct. Prick him down, Antony. Ant. So is my horse, Octavius; and for Lep. Upon condition Publius shall not live, that Who is your sister's son, Mark Antony. I do appoint him store of provender. Ant. He shall not live : look, with a spot I It is a creature that I teach to fight, damn him. To wind, to stop, to run directly on ; But, Lepidus, go you to Cassar's house; His corporal motion govern'd by my spirit. Fetch the will hither, and we shall determine And, in some taste, is Lepidus but so; How to cut off some charge in legacies. He must be taught and train'd and bid go Lep. What, shall I find you here ? forth: Oct. Or here or at the Capitol. A barren-spirited fellow ; one that feeds [Exit LEPIDUS. On abject orts and imitations, Things done, undone : but, if he be at hand, Which, out of use and stal'd by other men, I shall be satisfied. Begin his fashion : do not talk of him Bin. I do not doubt 10 40 But as a property. And now, Octavius, But that my noble master will appear Listen great things.—Brutus and Cassius Such as he is, full of regard, and honor. Are levying powers : we must straight make Bru. He is not doubted.—A word, Lu- head: cilius ; Therefore, let our alliance be combined, ("out; How he received you, let me be resolv'd. Our best friends made, our means stretch'd Luc. With courtesy, and with respect And let us presently go sit in council, enough; How covert matters may be best disclosed, But not with such familiar instances, And open perils surest answered. Nor with such free and friendly conference, Oct. Let us do so: for we are at the stake, As he hath used of old. And bay'd about with many enemies ; [fear, Bru. Thou hast described 50 And some that smile have in their hearts, I A hot friend cooling: ever note, Lucilius, Millions of mischief. [Exeunt. When love begins to sicken and .decay, It usetn an enforced ceremony. There are no tricks in plain and simple faith: SCENE II.—.Before BrutusV Tent, in the But hollow men, like horses hot at hand, Camp near Sardis. Make gallant show and promise of their met- tle: Drum. Enter BRUTUS, LUCIUUS, LUCIUS, and Sol- ( diers : TITINIUS and PINDARUS meeting them. But,when they should endure the bloody spur, They fall their crests, and, like deceitful Bru. Stand, ho! Luc. Give the word, ho ! and stand. JACLFIS, Sink in the trial. Comes his army on ? Bru. What now, Lucilius! is Cassius Luc. They mean this night in Sardis to be near ? quarter'd; Luc. He is at hand; and Pindarus is come The greater part, the horse in general, To do you salutation from his master. Are come with Cassius. Warch vntfon. [PINDARUS gives a letter to BRUTUS. Bru. Hark, he is arrived :— 30 Bru. He greets me well.—Your master, Pindarus, March gently on to meet him. In his own change, or by ill officers, Enter CASSIUS and Soldiers. Hath given me some worthy cause to wish Cas. Stand, ho! Bru. Stand, ho! Speak the word along. Within. Stand! Within. Stand! SCENE III .— Within the Tent of Brutus. Within. Stand! Cos. Most noble brother, you have done Enter BRUTUS and CASSIUS. me wrong. Cas. That you have wrong'd me doth ap- Bru. Judge me, you gods ! Wrong I mine pear in this: enemies ? [brother ? You have condemn'd and noted Lucius Pella And, if not so, how should I wrong a For taking bribes here of FlTe**Sardians ; Cas. Brutus, this sober form of yours hides Wherein my letters, p_raying_on his side, [O wrongs; Because I knew the man, were slighted off. And when you do them— Bru. You wrong'd yourself to write in such Bru. Cassius, be content; a case. Speak your griefs softly,—I do know you Cas. In such a time as this.it is not meet well:— That every nice offence should bear his com- Before the <»es of both our armies here, ment. ™ Which should perceive nothing but love from Bru. Let me tell you, Cassius, you yourself us, Are much condemn'd to have an itching Let us not wrangle : bid them move away: palm: Then in my tent, Cassius, enlarge your griefs, To sell and mart your offices for gold And I will give you audience. To undeservers. Cas. Pindarus, Cas. I an itching pal»1 ? Bid our commanders lead their charges off You know that you are Brutus that speak A little from this ground. this, [last Bru. Lucius, do you the like; and let no Or, by the gods, this speech were else your man 5 Bru. The name of Cassius honors this cor- Come to our tent, till we have done our con- ruption, [head. ference. And chastisement doth therefore hide his Lucilius and Titinius, guard our door. Cas. Chastisement! f Exeunt. Bru. Remember March, the ides of March remember! Did not great Julius bleed for justice' sake? eo What villain touch'd his body, that did stab, And make your bondmen tremble. Must I And not for justice ? What, shall one of us, budge ? [crouch That struck the foremost man of all this Must I observe you ? Must I stand and world Under your testy humor ? By the gods, But for supporting robbers, shall we now You shall digest the venom of your spleen, Contaminate our lingers with base bribes, Though it do split you! for, from this day And sell the mighty space of our large hon- forth, ' [ter, ors [thus ?— I'll use you for my mirth, yea, for my laugh- ~ For so much trash as may be grasped When you are waspish. 1 had rather be a dog, and bay the moon, Cas. Is it come to this ? Than such a Roman. Bru. You say you are a better soldier: Cas. Brutus, bay not me ; Let it appear so ; make your vaunting true, I'll not endure it: you forget yourself, And it shall please me well: for mine own 30 To hedge me in ; I am a soldier, ay, part, Older in practice, abler than yourself I shall be glad to learn of noble men. To make coitflitions. Cas. You wrong me every way ft you wrong Bru. • Go to; you are not, Cassius. me, Brutus ; Cas. I am. I said an elder soldier, not a better: Bru. I say you are not. Did I say better? Cas. Urge me no more, I shall forget my- Bru. If you did, I care not. self ; [further. Cas. When Cesar lived,he durst not thus Have mind upon your health, tempt me no have moved me. Bru. Away, slight man ! Bru. Peace, peace ! you durst not so have Cas. Is't possible ? tempted him. Bru. Hear me, for I will speak. Cas. I durst not ? Must I give way and room to your rash Bru. No. choler ? Cas. What ? durst not tempt him ? 40 Shall I be frighted when a madman stares ? Bru. For your life you durst not Cas. O ye gods! ye gods ! Must I endure Cas. Do not presume too much upon my all this ? love; Bru. All this? ay, more: fret, till your I may do that I shall be sorry for. proud heart break; Bru. You have done that you should be Go, show your slaves how choleric you are, sorry for. There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats ; Bru. A flatterer's would not, though they For I am arm'd so strong in honesty do appear That they pass by me as the idle wind, As huge as high Olympus. Which I respect not. I did send to you Cas. Come, Antony, and young Octavius, For certain sums of gold, which you denied come, me;— Revenge yourselves alone on Cassius, For I can raise no money by vile means: For Cassius is a-weary of the world: By heaven, I had rather coin my heart, Hated by one he toves; braved by his broth- And drop my blood for drachmas, than to er; wring [trash Check'd like a bondman; all his faults ob- From the hard hands of peasants their vile served, By any indirection ! I did send Set in a note-book, learn'd and conn'd by To you for gold to pay my legions, [Cassius ? rote, Which you denied me : was that done like To cast into my teeth. 0, I could weep Should I have answer'd Caius Cassius so? My spirit from mine eyes !—There is my dag- When Marcus Brutus grows so covetous, , ger, To lock such rascal counters from his friends, And here my naked breast; within, a heart Be ready, gods, with all your thunderbolts, Dearer than Plutus' mine ; richer than gold : Dash him to pieces 1 If that thou be st a Roman, take it forth ; Cas. I denied you not. I, that denied thee gold, will give my heart: Bru. You did. Strike as thou didst at Caesar; for, I know, Cas. I did not:—he was but a fool When thou didst hate him worst,thou lov'dst That brought my answer back.—Brutus hath him better riv'd my heart: Than ever thou lov'dst Cassius. A friend should bear his friend's infirmities, Bru. Sheathe your dagger : But Brutus makes mine greater than they Be angry when you will, it shall have scope ; are. Do what you will, dishonor shall be humor. Bru. I do not, till you practise them on O Cassius, you are yok£d with a lamb • me. That carries anger as the flint bears fire ; Cas. You love me not. Who, much enforced, shows a hasty spark, Bru. I do not like your faults. And straight is cold again. Cas. A friendly eye could never see such Cas. Hath Cassius lived faults. To be but mirth and laughter to his Brutus, When grief and blood ill-temper'd vexeth Cas. Ha, ha! how vilely doth this cynic rhyme! him? Bru. Get you hence, sirrah ; saucy fellow, Bru. When I spoke that,I was ill-temper d hence ! too. Cas. Bear with him, Brutus; 'tis his fashion. Cas. Do you confess so much ? Give me Bru. I'll know his humor, when he knows your hand. his time : [fools ? Bru. And my heart too. What should the wars do with these jigging Cas. * 0 Brutus!— Companion, hence! Bru. What's the matter? Cas. Have you not love enough to bear Cas. Awav, away, be gor.e ! with me, [gave me [Exit Poet. When that rash humor which my mother Bru. Lucilius and Titinius, bid the com- Makes me forgetful ? manders X20 Bru. Yes, Cassius; and, from henceforth, Prepare to lodge their companies to-night. When you are over-earnest with your Brutus, Cas. And come yourselves, and bring Mes- He'll think your mother chides, and leave sala with you, you so. [Noisewithin. Immediately to us. Poet, [within.'] Let me go in to see the [Exeunt LUCILIUS and TITINIUS. , v generals; [meet Bru. Lucius, a bowl of wine. [Exit Lucius. 140 • There is some grudge between them, 'tis not Cas. I did not think you could have been They be alone. so angry. Lucil. [within.] You shall not come to Bru. O Cassius, I am sick of many griefs. them. Cas. Of your philosophy you make no use, Poet, [within.] Nothing but death shall If you give place to accidental evils. stay me. Bru. No man bears sorrow better ¡—Por- Enter Poet,followed by LUCILIUS, TITINIUS, and tia is dead. Lucius. Cas. Ha! Portia! Cas. How now! What's the matter ? Bru. She is dead. Poet. For shame, you generals: what do Cas. How 'scaped 1 killing when I cross d you mean ? [be ; you so ?— Love, and be friends, as two such men should O insupportable and touching loss !— For I have ¿een more years, I'm sure, than UpoBru.n what sicknesImpatiens ? t upon my absence, 150 130 ye. 170 And grief that young Octavius with Mark Bru. With what addition ? Antony [her death Mes. That by proscription, and bills of Have made themselves so strong;—for with outlawry, That tidings came;—with this she fell dis- Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus tract, Have put to death an hundred senators. And, her attendants absent, swallow'd fire. Bru. Therein our letters do not well agree; Cas. And died so ? Mine speak of seventy senators that died Br it. Even so. By their proscriptions, Cicero being one. Cas. 0 ye immortal Gods! Cas. Cicero one ? M , Cicero is dead, Re-enter Lucius, with wine and tafers. es And by that order of proscription.— Bru. Speak no more of her.—Give me a 4 Had you your letters from your wife, my lord i bowl of wine :— Bru. No, Messala. . 100 In this I bury all unkindness, Cassius. Mes. Nor nothing in your letters writ of [Prinks. her? Cas. My heart is thirsty for that noble Bru. Nothing, Messala. pledge:— Mes. That, methinks, is strange. Fill, Lucius, till the wine o'erswell the cup; Bru. Why ask you? Hear you aught of 160 I cannot drink too much of Brutus' love. her in yours ? [Drinks. Mes. No, my lord. Re-enter TLTINIUS and MESSALA. Bru. Now, as you are a Roman, tell me Bru. Come in, Titinius.—Welcome, good true. t Messala.— Mes. Then like a Roman bear the truth 1 Now sit we close about this taper here, tell: [ner- And call in question our necessities. For certain she Is dead, and by strange man- Cas. Portia, art thou gone ? Bru. Why, farewell, Portia. —We must Bru. No more, I pray you.— die, Messala: Messala, I have here received letters, ' With meditating that she must die once, That young Octavius and Mark Antony I have the patience to endure it now. Come down upon us with a mightv power Mes Even so great men great losses should Bending their expedition toward Philippi. endure. Mes. Myself have letters of the self-same Cas. I have as much of this in art as you, tenor. But yet my nature could not bear it so. Bru. Well, to our work alive. What do Omitted, all the voyage of their life you think Is bound in shallows and in miseries. Of marching to Philippi presently ? On such a full sea are we now afloat; 220 Cas. I do not think it good. And we must take the current when it serves, Bru. Your reason ? Or lose our ventures. Cas. This it is : Cas. Then, with your will, go on : 'Tis better that the enemy seek us : We will along ourselves, and meet them at So shall he waste his means, weary his sol- Philippi. diers, Bru. The deep of night is crept upon our Doing himself offence ; whilst we, lying still, 200 Are full of rest, defence, and nimbleness. talk, Bru. Good reasons must, of force, give And nature must obey necessity; place to better. Which we will niggard with a little rest. Toe people 'twixt Philippi and this ground There is no more to say ? Do stand but in a forc'd, affection : Cas. No more. Good night; For they have grudged us contribution: Early to-morrow will we rise, and hence. The enemy, marching.along by them, Bru. Lucius, my gown. [Exit Lucius.] By them shall make a fuller number up, Farewell, good Messala;— Come on refresh'd, new-aided, and encour- Good night, Titinius.—Noble, noble Cassius, 230 aged ; Good night, and good repose. Cas. O my dear brother! From which advantage shall we cut him off, This was an ill beginning of the night: If at Philippi we do face him there, Never come such division 'tween our souls! These people at our back. 210 Let it not, Brutus. Cas. Hear me, good brother. Bru. Everything is well. Bru. Under your pardon.—You must note Cas. Good night, my lord. beside, Bru. Good night, good brother. That we have tried the utmost of our friends, Tit., Mes. Good night, lord Brutus. Our legions are brim-full, our cause is ripe : Bru. Farewell, every one. The enemy increaseth every day, {Exeunt CASSIUS, TITINIUS, and MESSALA. We, at the height, are ready to decline. There is a tide in the affairs of men, Re-enter Lucius, with the gown. Which, taken at the flood, leads on to for- Give me the gown. Where is thy instru- 1 j tune; ment ? Lite. Here in the tent. Bru. I should not urge thy duty past thy Bru. What ? thou speak'st drowsily : might; Poor knave, I blame thee not; thou art o'er- I know young bloods look for a time of rest. 260 watch'd. Luc. I have slept, my lord, already. 240 Call Claudius, and some other of my men : Bru. It was well done; and thou shalt I'll have them sleep on cushions in my tent. sleep again ; Luc. Varro, and Claudius! I will not hold thee long: if I do live, I will be good to thee. [Music and a Song. Enter VARRO and CLAUDIUS. This is a sleepy tune:—0 murderous slum- Var. Calls my lord ? ber! Bru. I pray you, sirs, lie in my tent and Lay'st thou thy leaden mace upon my boy, sleep; That plays thee music ?—Gentle knave, good It may be I shall raise you by and by night; [thee. On business to my brother Cassius, I will not do thee so much wrong to wake Var. So please you. we will stand, and If thou dost nod, thou break'st thy instru- watch your pleasure. ment ; [night.— Bru. I will not have it so: lie down, good I'll take it from thee; and, good bov, good 270 sirs; Let me see, let me see:—is not the leaf It may be I shall otherwise bethink me.— turn'd down Look, Lucius, here's the book I sought for Where I left reading ? Here it is, I think. 250 so: [He sits down. I put it in the pocket of my gown. How ill this taper burns ! [VAR. and CLAU. lie down. Luc. I was sure your lordship did not give Enter the Ghost of C/ES.AR. it me. Ha! who comes here ? Bru. Bear with me, good boy, I am much I think it is the weakness of mine eyes forgetful. That shapes this monstrous apparition. Canst thou hold up thy heavy eyes awhile, It comes upon me !—Art thou anything ? And touch thy instrument a strain or two ? Art thou some god, some angel, or some Luc. Ay, my lord, an't please you. devil. [stare ? Bru. It does, my boy: That mak'st my blood cold, and my hair to I trouble thee too much, but thou art willing. Speak to me what thou art. Luc. It is my duty, sir. Ghost. Thy evil spirit, Brutus. 280 Bru. Why comest thou? Clau. Nor I, my lord. Ghost. To tell thee, thou shalt see me at Bru. Go, and commend me to my brother Philippi. Cassius; Bru. Well: then I shall see thee again ? Bid him set on his powers betimes before, Ghost. Ay, at Philippi. And we will follow. Bru. Why, I will see thee at Philippi, Var., Clau. It shall be done, my lord. then.— [Ghost vanishes. [Exeunt. Now I have taken heart thou vanishest: 111 spirit, I would hold more talk with thee.— Boy ! Lucius ! — Varro ! Claudius I Sirs, awake!— Claudius! ACT V. Luc. The strings, my lord, are false. Bru. He thinks he still is at his instru- SCENE I.—The Plains of Philippi. 29° ment.- Enter OCTAVIUS, ANTONY, and their Army. Lucius, awake ! Luc. My lord ? Octavius. Bru. Didst thou dream, Lucius, that thou OW, Antony, our hopes are an- so criedst out ? swered: [come down, Luc. My lord, I do not know that I did cry. You said the enemy would not Bru. Yes, that thou didst: didst thou see But keep the hills and upper re- anything ? gions ; Luc. Nothing, my lord. It proves not so: their battles are at hand; Bru. Sleep again, Lucius.—Sirrah, Claudi- They mean to warn us at Philippi here, us ! [To VARRO.] Fellow thou 1 Answering before we do demand of them. awake ! Ant. Tut, I am in their bosoms, and I Var. My lord ? know 300 Clau. My lord ? Wherefore they do it: they could be content Bru. Why did you so cry out, sirs, in your To visit other places; and come down sleep? With fearful bravery, thinking, by this face, Var., Clau. Did we, my lord ? To fasten in our thoughts that they have Bru. Ay; saw you anything? courage; Var No, my lord, I saw nothing. But 'tis not so. Enter a Messenger. The posture of your blows are yet unknown ; Mess. Prepare you, generals : But for your words, they rob the Hybla bees The enemy comes on in gallant show ; And leave them honeyless. Their bloody sign of battle is hung out, Ant. Not stingless too. And something to be done immediately. Bru. 0, yes, and soundless too; Ant. Octavius, lead your battle softly on, For you have stolen their buzzing, Antony, Upon the left hand of the even field. And, very wisely, threat before you sting. Oct. Upon the right hand I; keep thou the Ant. Villains, you did not so, when your left. vile daggers Ant. Why do you cross me in this exigent ? Hack'd one another in the sides of Caesar: 40 ao Oct. I do not cross you; but I will do so. You show'd your teeth like apes, and fawn'd {March, like-hounds, [feet; Drum. Enter BRUTUS, CASSIUS, and their Army ; And bow'd like bondmen, kissing- Caesar's LUCILIUS, TITINIUS, MESSALA, and others. Whilst damn&d Casca, like a cur, behind, Bru. They stand, and would have parley. Struck Cassar on the neck. O flatterers! Cas. Stand fast, Titinius: we must out and Cas. Flatterers !—Now, Brutus, thank talk. yourself: Oct. Mark Antony, shall we give sign of This tongue had not offended so to-day, battle ? If Cassius might have ruled. Ant. No, Ca;sar, we will answer on their Oct. Come, come, the cause : if arguing charge. [words. make us sweat, Make forth; the generals would have some The proof of it will turn to redder drops. Oct Stir not until the signal. Look,—I draw a sword against conspirators : 5° Bru Words before blows: is it so, coun- When think you that the sword goes up trymen ? [do. again ?— Oct. Not that we love words better, as you Never, till Caesar's three-and-thirty wounds Bru. Good words are better than bad Be well avenged; or till another Caesar strokes, Octavius. Have added slaughter to the sword of traitors. Ant. In your bad strokes, Brutus, you give Bru. Caesar, thou canst not die by traitors' 3° good words: hands, Witness the hole you ma!de in Caesar's heart, Unless thou bring'st them with thee. Crying, Long live / hail Ccesar I Oct. So I hope; Cas. Antony, I was not born to die on Brutus' sword. Bru. 0, if thou wert the noblest of thy Who to Philippi here consorted us ; strain, [able. This morning are they fled away, and gone; Young man, thou couldst not die more honor- And in their steads do ravens, crows, and Cas. A peevish school-boy, worthless of kites such honor, Fly o'er our heads, and downward look on us, Join'a with a masker and a reveller! As we were sickly prey; their shadows seem Ant. Old Cassius still! A canopy most fatal, under which Oct. Come, Antony; away.— Our army lies, ready to give up the ghost. Defiance, traitors, hurl we in your teeth : Mes. Believe not so. If you dare fight to-day, come to the field; Cas. I but believe it partly; If not, when you have stomachs. For I am fresh of spirit, and resolved [Exeunt OCTAVIUS, ANTONY, and their Army. To meet all perils very constantly. Cas. Why now, blow,wind ; swell, billow; Bru. [,advancing.1 Even so, Lucilius. and swim, bark! Cas. Now, most noble Brutus, The storm is up, and all is on the hazard. The gods to-day stand friendly ; that we may, Bru. Ho ! Lucilius; hark, a word with you. Lovers in peace, lead on our days to age! Lucil. My lord. But, since the affairs of men rest still incer- # • [BRUTUS and LUCILIUS converse apart, tain. Cas. Messala,— Let's reason with the worst that may befall. Mes. What says my general ? If we do lose this battle, then is this Cas. Messala, The very last time we shall speak together: What are you then determined to do ? This is my birthday ; as this very day 100 Was Cassius born. Give me thy hand, Mes- Bru. Even by the rule of that philosophy sala : By which I did blame Cato for the death Be thou my witness that, against my will, Which he did give himself:—I know not As Pompey was, am I compelled to set how, Upon one bau.e all our liberties. But I do find it cowardly andjyile, You know that I held Epicurus strong For fear of what might fall, so to prevent And his opinion : now I change my mind, The time of life:—arming myself with pa- And partly credit things that do presage. tience, . Coming from Sardis, on our former ensign To stay the providence of some high powers, Two mighty eagles fell; and there they That govern us below. perch'd, Cas. Then, if we lose this battle, Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands. You are contented to be led in triumph Let them set on at once; for I perceive Thorough the streets of Rome ? But cold demeanor in Octavius' wing, Bru. No, Cassius, no : think not, thou no- And sudden push gives them the overthrow. Iio ble Roman, Ride, ride, Messala: let them all come down. That ever Brutus will go bound to Rome ; [Exeunt. He bears too great a mind. But this same day Must end that work the ides of March begun ; And whether we shall meet again I know SCENE III.—The same. Another Part of not. the Field. Therefore our everlasting farewell take :— For ever, and for ever, farewell, Cassius ! Alarum. Enter CASSIUS and TITINIUS. If we do meet again, why, we shall smile; Cas. O, look, Titinius, look, the villains If not, why,then this parting was well made. fly! Cas. For ever, and for ever, farewell, Bru- Myself have to mine own turn'd enemy: tus 1 This ensign here of mine was turning back; 120 If we do meet again, we'll smile indeed ; I slew the coward, and did take it from him. If not, 'tis true this parting was well made. Tit. 0 Cassius, Brutus gave the word too Bru. Why, then, lead on.—0, that a man early: might know The end of this day's business ere it come! Who, having some advantage on Octavius, But it sufficeth that the day will end, Took it too eagerly; his soldiers fell to spoil, And then the end is known.—Come, hoi Whilst we by Antony are all enclos'd. away 1 [Exeunt. Enter PINDARUS. Pin. Fly further off, my lord, fly further SCEN E 11.—The same. The Field of Bat- off. tle. Mark Antony is in your tents, my lord! Alarum. Enter BRUTUS and MESSALA. Fly therefore, noble Cassius, fly far off. Bru. Ride, ride, Messala, ride, and give Cas. This hill is far enough' Look, look, these bills Titinius; Unto the legions on the other side: Are th'ise my tents where I perceive the fire? [Loud alarum. Tit. They are, my lord. Cas. Titinius, if thou lov'st me, Thou shouldst attempt it. Come now, keep Mount thou my horse, and hide thy spurs in thine oath ! [sword, him, Now be a freeman; and, with this good Till he have brought thee up to yonder troops, That ran through Caesar's bowels, search And here again; that I may rest assured this bosom. [hilts; Whether yond' troops are friend or enemy. Stand not to answer: here, take thou the Tit. I will be here again, even with a And, when my face is cover'd, as 'tis now, thought. , Guide thou the sword.—Cesar, thou art re- 20 Cas. Go, Findarus, get higher on that hill; venged, My sight was ever thick; regard Titinius, Even with the sword that kill'd thee. [Dies. And tell me what thou not'st about the field.— [Exit PINDARUS. Pfii. So, I am free ; yet would not so have been, This day I breathed first: time is come round, Durst I have done my will. 0 Cassius ! And where I did begin there shall I end ; Far from this country Pindarus shall run, My life is run his compass. — Sirrah, what Where never Roman shall take note of him. news ? [Exit. Pin. [above. 1 O my lord! Cas. What news ? Re-enter TITINIUS, with MESSALA. Pin. Titinius is enclosed round about Mes. It is but change, Titinius ; for Octa- With horsemen that make to him on the vius. him spur; " [ » Is overthrown by noble Brutus' power, 30 Yet he spurs on.—Now they are almost on As Cassius' legions are by Antony. Now, Titinius !—Now some 'light: O, he Tit. These tidings will well comfort Cas- 'lights too:— [for joy. sius, He's ta'en HShout] and hark! they shout Mes. Where did you leave him ? Cas. Come down, behold no more.— Tit. All disconsolate, O. coward that I am, to live so long, With Pindarus his bondman, on this hill. To see my best friend ta'en before my face i Mes. Is not that he that lies upon the Enter PINDARUS. ground ? Tit- He lies not like the living. O my Come hither, sirrah: heart ! In Parthia did I take thee prisoner; Mes. Is not that he ? And then I swore thee, saving of thy life, Tit. No, this was he, Messala, That whatsoever I did bid thee do 60 But Cassius is no more.—O setting sun ! But hold thee, take this garland on thy brow; As in thy red rays thou dost sink to-night Thy Brutus bid me give it thee, and 1 So in his red blood Cassius' day is set; Will do his bidding.—Brutus, come apace, The sun of Rome is set! Our day is gone; And see how I regarded Caius Cassius.— Clouds, dews, and dangers come; our deeds By your leave, gods:—this is a Roman's are done! . part: Mistrust of my success hath done this deed. Come, Cassius' sword, and find Titinius' 90 Mes. Mistrust of good success hath done heart. lD'"- this deed. Alarum. Re-enter MESSALA with BRUTUS, young O hateful error, melancholy's child ! [men CATO, STRATO, VOLUMNIUS, and LUCILIUS. Why dost thou show to the apt thoughts of Bni. Where, where, Messala, doth his The things that are not ? O eTTOr, soon con- > body lie ? ceived, Mes. Lo, yonder; and Titinius mourning 7° Thou never com'st unto a happy birth, it. But kill'st the mother that engender'd thee. Bru. Titinius' face is upward. Tit. What, Pindarus 1 Where art thou, Cato. He is slain. Pindarus ? Bru. O Julius Caesar, thou art mighty yet i Mes. Seek him, Titinius: whilst I go to Thy spirit walks abroad, and turns our meet swords The noble Brutus, thrusting this report In our own proper entrails. [Low alarums. Into his ears : 1 may say, thrusting it; Cato. Brave Titinius! For piercing steel, and darts envenomed, Look, whether he have not crown'd dead Shall be as welcome to the ears of Brutus Cassius! As tidings of this sight. Bru. Are yet two Romans living such as Tit. Hie you, Messala, these ?— And I will seek for Pindarus the while. The last of all the Romans, fare thee well! [Exit MESSALA. It is impossible that ever Rome 100 80 Why didst thou send me forth, brave Cassius ? Should breed thy fellow.—Friends, I owe Did I not meet thy friends ? and did not they more tears Put on my brows this wreath of victory, To this dead man than you shall see me pay.— And bid me give't thee ? Didst thou not hear I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time— their shouts ? Come, therefore, and to Thassos send his Alas, thou hast misconstru'd, everything. body;

|» His funerals shall not be in our camp, There is so much that thou wilt kill me Lest it discomfort us.—Lucilius, come;— Straight; [Offering money. And come, young Cato: let us to the field— Kill Brutus, and be honor'd in his death. Labeo and Flavius, set our battles on :— 1 Sold. We must not.—A noble prisoner! 'Tis three o'clock; and, Romans, yet ere 2 Sold. Room, ho! Tell Antony, Brutus night is ta'en. I Sold. I'll tell the news.—Here comes the We shall tryJ fortune in a second fight. [Exeunt. general.— Enter ANTONY. SCENE IV—Another Part of the Field. Brutus is ta'en, Brutus is ta'en, my lord. Ant. Where is he? Alarum. Enter, fighting, Soldiers of both Armies-, Lucil. Safe, Antony; Brutus is safe then BRUTUS, CATO, LUCILIUS, and others. enough; Bru. Yet, countrymen, O yet hold up your I dare assure thee that no enemy heads! ... Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus : Cato. What bastard doth not? Who will The gods defend him from so great a shame ! go with me ? When you do find him, or alive or dead, I will proclaim my name about the field :— He will be found like Brutus, like himself. I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho! Ant. This is not Brutus, friend; but, I A foe to tyrants, and my country's friend; assure you, I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho ! A prize no less in worth : keep this man safe, [iCharges the enemy. Give him all kindness; I had rather have Bru. And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I; Such men my friends, than enemies. Go on. And see whether Brutus be alive, or dead: Brutus, my country's friend; know me for And bring us word unto Octavius' tent Brutus. How everything is chanc'd. [Exeunt. [Exit, charging the enemy. CATO IS over- powered, and falls. Lucil. O young and noble Cato, art thou SCENE V.—Another Part of the Field. down ? , . Enter BRUTUS, DARDANIUS, CLITUS, STRATO, and Why, now thou diest as bravely as Titinius ; VOLUMNIUS. And mayst be honor'd, being Cato's son. Bru. Come, poor remains of friends, rest I Sold. Yield, or thou diest. Lucil. Only I yield to die : on this rock. Our enemies have beat us to the pit. Cli. Statilius show'd the torchlight: but, It is more worthy to leap in ourselves my lord, Than tarry till they push us. Good Volum- He came not back; he is or ta'en or slain. nius, Bru. Sit thee down, Clitus : slaying is the Thou know'st that we two went to school word; together; It deed in fashion. Hark thee, Clitus.— [ Whispering. Even for that our love of old, I pr'ythee, Hold thou my sword-hilts, whilst I run on it Cli. What, I, my lord ? No, not for all the Vol. That's not an office for a friend, my world. l J, [Alarum still. Bru. Peace then, no words. or( Cli. Fly, fly, my lord; there is no tarrying 3° Cli. I'll rather kill myself. here. Bru. Hark thee, Dardanius.— Bru. Farewell to you—and you ;—and you, [Whispers him. Volumnius.— Dar. Shall I do such a deed ? Strato, thou hast been all this while asleep; Cli. O Dardanius ! Farewell to thee too, Strato.—Countrymen, Dar. O Clitus! My heart doth joy that yet, in all my life, Cli. What ill request did Brutus make to I found no man but he was true to me. thee ? [^tes. I shall have glory by this losing day, Dar. To kill him, Clitus. Look, he medi- More than Octavius and Mark Antony Cli. Now is that noble vessel full of grief, By this vile conquest shall attain unto. That it runs over even at his eyes. So, fare you well at once; for Brutus' tongue Bru. Come hither, good Volumnius : list Hath almost ended his life's history : 40 a word. Vol. What says my lord ? Night hangs upon my eyes : my bones would Bru. Why, this, Volumnius: rest, That have but labor'd to attain this hour. The ghost of Caesar hath appear'd to me [Alarum. Cry within—Fly, fly, fly! Two several times by night: at Sardis, once ; And, this last night, here in Philippi fields. Cli. Fly, my lord, fly ! I know my hour is come. Bru. Hence; I will follow. Vol. Not so, my lord. [Exeunt CLITUS, DARDANIUS, and VOLUMNIUS, Bru. Nay, I am sure it is, Volumnius. I pr'ythee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord : Thou see'st the world, Volumnius, how it Thou art a fellow of a good respect; goes; Thy life hath had some smatch of honor in it: 112 JULIUS CASSAR. ACT V. sc. v. JULIUS CsESAR. "3 Hold, then, my sword, and turn away thy face, All the conspirators, save only he. While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato ? Did that they did in envy of great Cassar; 7° Stra. Give me your hand first: fare you He only, in a general honest thought well, my lord. And common good to all, made one of them. Bru. Farewell, good Strato.—Caesar, now His lifewas gentle ; and the elements be still: So mix'd in him that Nature might stand up, I kill'd not thee with half so good a will. And say to all the world, This was a ?nan ! [He runs on his sword, and dies. Oct. According to his virtue let us use him, Alarum ; retreat. Enter OCTAVIUS, ANTONY, MES- With all respect and rites of burial. SALA, LUCILIUS, and the Army. Within my tent his bones to-night shall lie, Oct. What man is that ? Most like a soldier, order'd honorably.— Mes. My master's man.—Strato, where is So, call the field to rest: and let's away, 8c thy master ? To part the glories of this happy day. Stra. Free from the bondage you are in, [Exeunt. Messala; 8 The conquerors can but make a fire of him; For Brutus only overcame himself, A.nd no man else hath honor by his death. Lucil. So Brutus should be found.—I thank thee, Brutus, That thou hast proved Lucilius' saying true. Oct. All that served Brutus, I will entertain them.— Fellow, wilt thou bestow thy time with me ? Stra. Ay, if Messala will prefer me to you. Oct. Do so, good Messala. Mes. How died my master, Strato ? Stra. I held the sword, and he did run on it. Mes. Octavius, then take him to follow thee, That did the latest service to my master. Ant. This was the noblest Roman of them all: NOTES.

The following contractions are employed In the notes: 0. a = Old English; 0. Fr. = Old French: Or. = Greek; Lat. - Latin; Cf. = confer (compare)! Abbott = Dr Abbott's Shakespearian Grammar; CI. P. S. = Clarendon Press Series; and Co. S. = Collins's Series. Notes without name appended are Prof. Melklejohn's.

* ACT FERST.

SCENE 1. 3. Mechanical — mechanics or artisans. Ought not walk. This is the only instance in Shakespeare where ought is not followed by to. After the verbs bid, see, make, hear, tell, and others, wo have at present no to ; because with these verbs the old infinitives in an remained longer in use. And Dr. Abbott points out that, in the Eliza- bethan period, there was much inconsistency in the use or omission of the to. 4. A laboring-day — a working day. The word la- boring is not here an adj. or participle, but a gerund or verbal noun, like frying-pan, walking-stick, icorhlng-dress, riding-coat, at- reach; Lat. adrij>are, to come to 35. You bear ... a hand, you are too distant and un- the bank (r^a) So Dr. Abbott (sect. 198) gives in Mil- friendly. The metaphor is borrowed from horsemanship. ton, 'to creep the ground,' 'to tower the skv;' and in 39,40. Vex&d I am . . with passions, &c. I have S the been troubled by conflicting emotions. Cl0UdS'"Parted ^lis/'de- 41. Conceptions ... to myself, thoughts or ideas which p SSR I eas s n concern mo only. Proper = peculiar. So we have in 0/. f;,,,^, V „'i of Anehises and Yen us. At the sack Shakespeare, ' their proper selves,' ' my proper hand.' he ff is 42. Soil, tarnish, stain. Behaviors. Shakespeare fre- his shoulders? ^ ° " «n quently uses the plural where the singular is generally t.lol' frn°n?r„fly' ^ is<]!ceamo white. The metaphor is employed. taken from cowardly soldiers flying from their colons. 49. By means whereof = and t«ough this mistake. 124. His _ its; the ueut. poss. pron. is rarely used liv 54- Just — quite true. Shakespeare. It is noPto be found in the Bible of I61X 59. Where = of instances in which. Respect = high- century aU1° 86 °nlj'in the latter lialf of the 17th est note or distinction. 62. His, written carelessly for their. CI. P. S. 128. Temper, constitution of body, temperament 71. Be not jealous on me = be not suspicious of me. So we also find in Shakespeare, ' revenged on her death,* world, contrast'to a°man ' fond on her,'' command upon me.' 72. Did use = were accustomed. 0 '36. A Colossus The Colossus at Rhodes, one of the 73. To stale, make stale or common. TZ JZ^ ofti"r It was an immense brazen 76. After = afterwards. Scandal, speak evil of. s |ianne 77. Profess myself = show I profess friendly feeling for nv ? , ? the entrance to the harbor of Rhodes any one at a banquet. (the chief city in the island of Rhodes, in the .Egean Sea) 78. Rout, a mixed assembly. Hold = consider, or and under the legs of which the ships entering the harbor look upon me as. ILt • • " WaSl05 fe,!t <>»d «"as alcended by a 85. General good, welfare of the public at large. wmding staircase. The name of this statue became a generic name for any very largo statue; and hence, too, 173. Refute = account. To is frequently by Shake- the meaning of the word colossal. speare omitted and inserted in the same sentence. 140. Our stars, the planets seen in the heavens at the 174. For these we should now use such. As = that or time of one's birth. which. 141. Underling is a double diminutive. El we find in 181. Proceeded = taken place, happened. Worthy. pickerel, losel, &c. Ing was in 0. E. = son of. The two Shakespeare very frequently uses worthy without of. together now mark a contemptuous diminutive, as in lord- 184. A chidden train = a company of men who have linn> ling, weakling; but not always, since we have been scolded. darling ( == dearling), yearling, foundling, -ry had a wider sense in Shakespeare's time An never return alive. CI. P. S. ary compliment was, ' God rest you merry.' 23. Constant, steady, firm in mind. 28. Presently = now or immediately. But Shakespeare also uses it in the modern sense of shortly, soon. Pre- fer, present 29. Address'd = ready. ACT THIRD. 30. Rears, raises. The word is a form of raise. Cf. chair, chaise ; 0. E. isen, iron; use, enure, etc. The phenomenon SCENE 1. of r changed into s is still more common in Latin, as gero, gessi ; uro, ussi; arbor and arbos,

• 43- Low-crooked, bending low. 47- Know ... satisfied. «;,uff,Frrpenm 0J. re?eal = 'ibertv to come back, permis- ' «nZel™sfied"0tWron*: norwithoutcause sion for Publius Cimfcer's recall from banishment, Frl- domis h^re used in the sense of franchise or warranted ZTt. Ben Jonson gives us another version of this passage- J7' E^ra^lll,sement- r«ca11 from banishment. Gener- Many times he fShakespeare] fell into those things could ally used by Shakespeare in the sense of release from not escape laughter: as when he said in the person of or slavery, or of recall from exile. 1 Ucsar, one speaking to him. "Caaar did never wrong but 58. Well mov'd= easily persuaded. As = such a with just cause."' Again, in the Induction to The Staple one as. or A e««, Jonson makes Prologue say. ' (Jrv you mercy, you 9 If 1 could ray t0 move if m never did wrong but with just cause.' It "was somewhat «„I ' E. < J" prayers could have influence over others. If I could pray others to move invidious and ungracious in Jonsffli to publish such a com ironi their purpose, as y3. and there is in 75. Bootless kneel kneel to no purpose. The word boot- mn ^.h.?,1',100"^'1.117 ':{' the l)assaf-'e- C*Sar "Sks what is few is connected with the 0. E. betan, to make good or bet: fnr vL V nu';st redress- "P011 «-bieh Metellus comes boot, to boot, booty, 214. Modesty, moderation. T11 the (¡reek track; writers she is the goaaess 01 eeance She is four times mentioned by Shakespeare 217. Prick'd in, marked amongst. The ceremony of g 27A Havoc from Welsh ha fog, destruction; to ciy pricking is still used in nominating sheriffs. ha7<£ Sthat no quarter was to be riven tea vanquish« • 219. Therefore = for that purpose. 222. Upon (the strength of) this hope. b C 224. Savage. From Fr. tauvage; low Lat. silvaticus ; XirP °as b= S Lat. silva, a wood. Spenser always writes salvage. The Spped^from the'leSh ^n an id boo\ on the Art of groat forests in the valley of the Amazon are called Selras. Hunting (Art of Venerie) this sentence occ^ We let 225. Regard, consideration, capable of favorable consider- ft' ation. 231. In the order of, &c., in the regular course of the ' ^M&S Sir SS t—non thing ceremonies which follow each other in order during the G funeral. in7ome paTofihe country still to say of a• 236. Utter, a verb from out or at. There are very few begins to show signs of decomposition that it calls out verbs in the English language formed from particles by loudly for the earth.' CI. P-S. suffixes. Such particles cling most usually to other verbs, 284. Passion, deep grief, sorrow. 285. Beads. The word comes from 0. E. biddan, to pray. 35, 36. The question, &c. How and why ho was assas- Hence the old phrase ' bidding his beads' = saving his sinated is formally explained and registered in the Capitol. prayers. Hence also bedesman, beadle, &c. Extenuated, lessened. (From Latin extenuo, I make 290. No Rome of safety. Play upon the word room and thin.) , . , , the pronunciation of Rome. 37. Offences enforced, his sins too glarmgly exposed, or 293. The market-place—the Forum Romanum, which occupied the low ground extending from the Capitolino exaggerated. Hill towards the low ridge of the Velia. Co. S. 55. Grace, honor. , 58. Not a man depart. ' This optative use of the sub- 294. Take, look upon or think of. junctive, dispensing with let, may. &c , gives great vigor SCENE 2. to the Shakespearian line.' (Abbott, sect. 3&>.) And he quotes Othello (1. ii.) :— x. Satisfied = have satisfaction and good reasons for the assassination of Cajsar. ' Judge me the world.' 10. Severally = separately. 61. Chair, the rostra or 'pulpit' from which Brutus had 11. Is ascended. Verbs of motion in Shakespeare's time just sjwken^ _ t i The form behold- •were construed with the verb 'to be,' not with the verb be]ioWen in(le )te< 'to have.' C£ V. iii. 25 of this play. Shakespeare writes inq is found in Shakespeare nineteen times; but beholden ' Is escaped,'' is entered into,' ' are marched up.'' is rode.' not once (except in two quarto editions of ono play—the 'is stolen away,' 'am declined.' (See Abbott, sect. 295.)" play of Richard III.) 13. Brutus was a Stoic, and disdained popular arts. He 72 To bury Ceesar. As when Shakespeare talks of Gajsars was brought up by his uncle Cato in the old austere Roman < doublet,' the clock striking, etc., so here he uses the cus- manner. He neither showed emotion nor cared to excite it. It was said of him that, in speaking Greek, he pre- toms of his own country. In Rome, bodies were burned. ferred the brief, compressed (Laconic) mode of the Lace- 75. So let it be with Ciesar; that is, let Casars goodness demonians. This speech is quite in that character. be buried with him. 78. Answer'd, atoned for. lovers. Mends. 85. Brutus is an honorable man.- Antony constantly 16. Censure me, judge my acts. In most instances in brings this statement of opinion regarding Brutus s charac- • Shakespeare the noun censure means simply opinion, and ter opposite to the statement of some fact favorable to • the verb simply to estimate. In very few passages has it Ciesar; arid thus prepares the way for lessening and at the modern meaning of blame. length destroying the valuo of it. 17. Awake your senses = keep your ears on the watch 87. The general coffers, the public treasury. (= wake). 89 When that. So, as, and that were used as suffixes 25. There is. A plural noun or nouns with a sing, verb to interrogatives for the purpose of turning them into rel- is very common in Shakespeare. But. in fact, es was a plural in Old English; it was the plural of verbs in the atives. Thus whoso, whereas, when that. In the same way Northern Dialect. Trevisa (writing in the 14th century) we have if that, though that, lest that, &o. (See Abbott, mentions that the English language was ' a-deled a tlire' The Lupercal was a cave in which Romulus and —that is, into three dialects, the Northern, the Midland, Remus, according to tradition, were found. In tins pas- and the Southern. The Northern formed the plural of its sage, ' on the Lupercal' means ' on the Lupercaha = dur- verbs in es ; the Midland in en; and the Southern in eth. ing the feast of, &e. _ 118. And none so poor to do Mm reverence, 'And (there 192. Dint = impression. The primary meaning is a is) none to do him reverence so poor (as himself).' (Craik.) stroke ; the secondary, an impression of a blow. But the meaning given by Delius is, 'And'oven the 195. Marr'd = hacked, mangled. poorest man thinks himself too good—too superior—to 202. About! Let us bo oil'. show him any respect.' 208. Good friends. Antony now restrains them for a 125. Than I will wrong. The construction requires little, that he may make their rage greater. than, to do wrong. 215. I am no orator. Brutus had spoken in a stiff and 126. Parchment From Lat. Pergamena (charta, paper), formal manner; Antony's speech was the merest talk—the from Pergamus, in Asia Minor, where it was invented. art which conceals art. 128. Testament. Lat. testamentvm, from testis, a witness. 219. Wit = ability. The earliest meaning is simply The phrase will and testament is one of those double knowledge, or the power of knowing. Hcncc the senses phrases—composed of English and Latin words—such as were called tho five idts. See Romeo and Juliet (I. iv.) assemble and meet together, dissemble nor cloak, aid and abet, Then it came to mean internal sense, as in Much Ado nature and kind, hunting and veneru, &c. about Nothing (111. v.): 'His arts are not so blunt' 129. I do not mean to read. * Here A. excites their Sometimes it means in Shakespeare the imaginative faculty, curiosity and thus, unconsciously to themselves, makes as in Midsummer Nights Dream (IV. ii.): ' it is past the wit his hearers desirous of his friendship. of man to say what dream it was.' Or it means common- 134. Bequeath. The transitive verb from the intransi- sense, as in Two Gentlemen of Verona (IV. iv.): ' If I had tive quoth. The noun from it. bequest, seems to have taken not had more wit than he.' And so the word has gradu- its ending under Latin influence, probably from some con- ally narrowed down to its modern meaning. fusion with quest (from queer0,1 seek). 221. Right on = in a straightforward way. Issue = children. 241. Seventy-five drachmas, about £2.5s." 14s. I have o'ershot myself. I have gone too far. 248. On this side Tiber. Ca;sar's gardens and pleasure- 150. Whose daggers. Here he calls up a strong and grounds were on the Janiculan Mount, on the farther side visible image of the actual stabbing, in order to excite dis- of the Tiber, not on the side on which the Forum stood, gust, The Fourth Citizen is by this time quite conquered. where Antony's speech was delivered. North's Plutarch 166. Bear back = press back. led Shakespeare wrong. • 171. He overcame the Nervii. This battle was fought 57 250. To walk abroad (in). Cf. ' Arrive the point pro- B.C. It was perhaps the most desperate fight in which Ca?sar posed,' I. ii 110. was ever engaged. The Nervii—according to Plutarch, 265. Upon a wish, as soon as I have wished him. the stoutest warriors of all the Belgse '—lived in French Flanders and Hainanlt in Belgium. I'lutareh adds, 'They SCENE 3. were all in a manner slain in the field.' Antonv thus ap- peals to the Romans' love of conquest and military fame. 2. Charge my fantasy = fill or burden my imagination. 177. As rushing = as if rushing. To be resolv'd = 3. Forth = out o£ to be informed if it were Brutus who, &c. 9, Directly = straightforwardly. 190. Flourish'd = triumphed. Schmidt explains it as 12. You were best, it were best for you. The old phrase, meaning ' brandished a sword.' But it simply means ' to ' Me were better,' which was = ' It were better for me,' thrive and be prosperous,' while the rest of the state had was mistakenly changed into ' I were better.' And then 'fallen down.' ' You were better' and ' You were best' were introduced. In the same wav the modern 'If you please' is not always O. E. or, signifying without or out, and Du. eten, cognate seen to be = ' If it please you.' with Eng. eat. It means what is left in eating, an out- 18. You'll bear me a bang for that, I owe you one, or morsel, so to speak."—Skeat. you will have a clout from me for that. 38. Stal'd ~= made common. 24• For your dwelling, tell us where you live. 39' Begin his fashion, are the beginning of a new fashion 34. Turn him going, send hhn ' to the right-about to him. 40. Property, mere appendage, a piece of stage furni- ACT FOURTH. ture. A property-man is one who has the charge of the appendages about a theatre. SCENE 1. 42. Levying powers, raising troops. Make head. Shakespeare uses the phrases raise head, make head, and The real scene of the meeting was not Rome, but an islet In the Reno, near Bologna, about 300 miles north from gather liead, for to collect an army. Rome. 44. Stretch'd out = to the utmost, 46. How, The verb consult, upon which how depends, 6. Damn him, condemn him to death. CI. P. S must be extracted from sit in council. • Si^ht, unmeritable = insignificant and undeserv- ' 47. Answered, met. ing. Ihe word unmeritable is found in only one other 48. At the stake, as a bear or bull that is baited by dogs. place in Shakespeare, Richard, III (III. vii.) 51. Millions of mischief. So Shakespeare has ' a inillion 13. Three-fold world Europe, Asia, and Africa. of manners' (Two Gentlemen of Verona, II. i.); 1 a million 15. So you thought him fit to have a share in the em- of beating;' and we speak of ihe million for the multitude. pire. 1 , 7- ^^ription. In this proscription there were put SCENE 2. to death 2,000 knights and 300 senators. 27. Graze in commons. In is frequently used by Shake- 7. In his own change of disposition towards me. speare lor on. Cf. Measure for Measure (IV. ii.) : ' There 12. Regard and honor towards you. is written in your brow honesty and constancy;' and 13. Doubted, suspected. Troilus and Cressida (IV. ii.): ' Would he were knocked 14. Resolv'd = informed. in the head.' 16. Familiar instances, signs, tokens, or marks of fa- 30. Appoint, order, assign. Cf. the phraso ' Armed and miliarity. appointed will' frequently used by Shakespeare. Pro- 23. Hot at hand, hard to be curbed or held in. vender =prabenda, fromLati n proMre, co furnish, through 25. Should endure = come to endure. the i r. provender. 0 26. They fall = let fall. Shakespeare frequently uses 31. It, used contemptuously. fall as a transitive verb. Jade, a worthless or ili-train- 32. To wind, turn, wheel round. ed horse. 33- His corporal motion = the motion of his body 28. Sardis, once the capital of Lydia, stood at the foot 34. Taste, sense. J' of Mount Tmolus, on the river Pactolus. It is now a heap 37. Abject orts and imitations. Abject, in the literal of ruins. Latin sense, cast away (from abjicere, to throw away) Ort 40. Sober form, unruffled countenance. Shakespeare is a word that occurs four times in Shakespeare " It is a frequently uses form for behavvrr. compound word, made up of Old Dutch oor, cognate with 41. Be content, calm yourself. was such a villain that he stabbed for any other motive 42. Griefs = grievances. than justice? CI. P. S. 45- Wrangle, a continuative from wring. Wring has, 30. To hedge me in, to put me under restraint. as an old past participle, tho adjective wrong. 32. Go to, an exclamation of impatience, like our famil- 46. Enlarge = dwell upon them at large, state this to iar phrase, Get out! me in full. 6 I ave 11111111 u n our 48. Charges, divisions, troops the commanders have t ? ',, i P° y health, take care of yourself; charge of. I shall have to attack you. 39. Choler, anger. From Gr. chole, bile, adjective chol- 49- A. little from = away from. eric. Hence melancholy = black bile. The disease called clwlera morbus was supposed to be a derangement of the SCENE 3. biliary organs. 1. That you have wrong'd me. The opening of this 44- Budge, flinch from my resolution. quarrel scene—one of the poet's most magnificent efforts 4> Observe you, be always watching and adapting my- —was suggested bj- North : ' The next dav after, Brutus, self to your caprices. upon complaint of the Sardians, did condemn and note 46. Testy = fretful. From 0. Fr. teste, the head; from Lucius Pella for a defamed person, that had been a prastor Lat. testa, ajar. Cf. the Eng. heady, for rash. of the Romans, and whom Brutus had given charge unto. 47- Venom of your spleen, tho poison of your anger. . . . Now, as it commonly happeneth in great affairs be- 1 enom, from Lat, venenwm, poison. Spleen. The old wri- tween two persons, both of them having many friends ters on physiology made the spleen the seat of the passions and so many captains under them, there ran tales and and emotions. complaints betwixt them. Therefore, before they fell in 52. Vaunting = boasting. From Low Lat. vanitare, hand with any other matter, they went into a little cham- from vanus, empty. ber, and bade every man avoid, and did shut the doors to 75• Indirection, unfair or dishonorable means. Cf the them. Then thev began to pour out their complaints one use of directly (= straightforwardly) in I. i. 12. Cf.' also to the other, and grew hot and loud, earnestly accusing Polonius's statement in Hamlet (II. i. 66) :— one another, and at length fell both a weeping.' 'By indirections find directions out.' 2. Noted, put a mark or stigma upon, branded with dis- 80. To lock = as to lock. Counters here mean mon- grace. ey ; literally they are round and flat pieces of bone or 4- Praying on his side, taking his part. metal, used in calculations. Rascal = literally the 5. Slighted off = put aside with easy contempt. scrapings and refuse of anything. Said to come froni the 8. Nice, trifling, petty, insignificant." Bear his com- Icelandic raska, to scrape. A rascal in Shakespeare's time ment, be animadverted on. (See Abbott, sect. 356.) also meant a lean deer not Jit to hunt or kill. . 10. Condemn'd to have, condemned for having. An 85. Riv'd, torn or cleft,'instead of riven. ^^Palm, a greedy desire for money. Cf. Troilus and 97. Conn'd by rote, learnt by heart. Con is a form of ken and of kn-ow. Both come from 0. E. cunnan, to know; 'STv fingersItch ' (to strike). aud this word also gives us tho words cunning, can, know- ledge, &c. Rote, from Lat. rota, a wheel. 11. Mart, make traffic of. Mart is a contracted form of 101. Plutus, the god of riches. market. 107. Scope, free range. 20. What villain, who of those that touched his body 108. Humor = a mere passing feeling. 195. Alive, with the living; they had been talking about HI. Enforced, struck with violence. the dead. ii2. Straight, at once. 199. Doing himself offence, doing himself harm. But 119. Rash humor - quick temper. connect offence with defence in the next line. They will 121. Over-earnest = too eager. have been, as it were, fighting against themselves; we 13T. Cynic, snarling or rudo fellow. But the term comes shall be full of the power of defence. .Ji'oui the Gr. hum, a dog, and was generally applied to the 200. Nimbleness. From 0. E. niman, to take ; it there- followers of Diogenes, who cultivated rude and familiar fore means quickness at talcing. The 0. E. adjective was manners. numol; and the b was introduced between the two liquids 133. His fashion, manner, a way he has. m and I. 134 I'll know his humor = I will acknowledge and 201. Of force = of necessity. - make allowance for his humor, when he chooses the proper 203 In a forc'd affection, not thoroughly well-disposed time to exercise it. toward us. Affection and contribution have both the (ion. 135 Jigging fools, doggerel rhymsters. 'In Shake- as a dissyllable. speare's time a jig did not always mean a dance; it some- 204. Contribution, supplies of provisions, &c. times meant a ballad, and the air to which it was sung.' 206. By them, through their country. But the next frf 136. Companion = fellow. The word is used in a con- them = by their help. Make a fuller number up = ob- temptuous sense. tain reinforcements. 150. Upon = in consequence of what ? Impatient. .. 212. Tried the utmost = put the most extreme pressure griet Impatience and grief were the causes of her death. upon them. There is here a mixture of two constructions. 219. Bound in shallows = hemmed in by shallows. 153. Distract Shakespeare frequently uses the Latin 222. Ventures, what we have risked. Venture was in past participle in its pure Latin form. ' But we also find Shakespeare's time the technical term for a cargo. So the English verbs so treated by Shakespeare, as bloat for bloat- merchants of Bristol called themselves 'Merchant Adven- ed; quit; waft; wed; ingraft for ingrafted. Though Plu- turers.' tarch and numerous other ancient writers give this account 224. The deep of night Twice used bv Shakespeare of the death of Portia, it is more probable, from the cor- for the middle or stillest part of the night. respondence of Cicero and notices in other works, that she 226. Niggard with, take a scanty allowance of. No died of a lingering illness after Brutus had left Italy. other writer has ever used niggard as a verb; and Shake- 163, Call in question, &c., consider the critical position speare has used it so only twice. iu which we are. 239. Knave = lad. The word knave meant m 0. E. sim- 168. Bending their expedition = directing their march ' ply a boy, as Knabe still does in High-German. It is often on Philippi, a city in Macedonia, founded by Philip, father used by Shakespeare as a term of endearment, as in such of Alexander the Great; now called Filibah or Felibejik. phrases as my good knave, or good my knave, gentle knave, 176. Proscriptions. Here a trisyllabic; but two lines my friendly knave, my pretty knave, &c. 0'erwatched = lower down a quadrisyllable. wearied out with watching. Other = others. (See Ab- 189. Once = at some time or other. bott, sect, 12.) 192. In art. Cassius had learned as much of this by 249' Otherwise bethink me, change my mind. • study in the Stoic philosophy as Brutus, but his natural 253. Much forgetful. Shakespeare and his contempo- strength of mind could not bear it so composedly. raries used much with adjectives. We now use it only •with participles. We find in Shakespeare much guilty, ix. Fasten in our thoughts, make us believe. much sea-sick, much ill, much sorry, much unlike, much un- 17. Even = level. . equal, much sad, &c. 19. Exigent emergency, exigency. An adjective tor a 260. Young hloods = young people. noun, as frequently happens in Shakespeare. 24. Answer on their charge, attack them when they 265. 0 murderous slumber. Cf. the celebrated passage attack us. in Henry IV. (See. Part, IIL L) :— 25. Make forth = set out ' Canst thou, O partial sleep, give thy repose 33. The posture of, &e. = the direction and force. But To the wet sea-boy in an hour so rude. And in the calmest and most stillest night Pr. Schmidt suggests nature. Are is wrong for is. Deny it to a king?" 34. Hybla. There were three places of the name in Sicily. It was unknown which of them was famed for 266. Mace once used for sceptre. honey. The bees fed on the thyme which grew on the 272. Left = left off. hills, hence its exquisite flavor. 273. How ill. ' Brutus boldly asked what he was, a god 41. Fawn'd like hounds. This is based upon Plutarch, or a man, and what cause brought him hither? The spirit ' They all made as though they were intercessors for him, answered, "I am thy evil spirit, Brutus, and thou shalt and took Cassar by the hands, and kissed his head and see me by the city of Philippi." Brutus, being no other- breast.' wise afraid, replied again unto it, " Well: then 1 shall see 46. This tongue would have been silenced in death if thee again.' The spirit presently vanished away.'—KOETH'S Cassius's advice had been taken. Plutarch. 48. The cause = the business on which we have come. 278. Stare, stand on end. 52. Goes up, is sheathed. 289. False. In much the same sense Shakespeare has 53. Cassar s three-and-thirty wounds. Theobald re- the phrases a false gallop, false Latin, falte French, false duced the number of wounds to three-and-twenty, as given reckonings, false strains, false trait,