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Country Report on Conditions for Green and Sustainable Building Romania

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Country Report on Conditions for Green and Sustainable Building Romania BUILD SEE project: Addressing the divide between the EU indications and their practical implementation in the green construction and eco‐social re‐qualification of residential areas in South East Europe regions Work Package 3 Country report ROMANIA 2 Partner PP2 – INCDPM Bucharest Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 1: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ISSUES ....................................................................................... 6 1.1 CURRENT SITUATION AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING .........................................6 1.1.1 European legal framework .....................................................................................................................7 1.1.2 National legal framework ......................................................................................................................8 1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS FACED BY PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION......................................................................11 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN ROMANIA.........................................................................................................12 1.4 BEST PRACTICES FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN ROMANIA. SWOT ANALYSIS ....................................16 1.5 CONCLUSIONS, SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................20 CHAPTER 2: SOCIAL ISSUES .................................................................................................................... 23 2.1. CURRENT SITUATION .....................................................................................................................................24 2.1.1. Infrastructure:.....................................................................................................................................28 2.1.2. Deveploment and economic competitiveness .....................................................................................31 2.1.3. Human capital ....................................................................................................................................34 2.1.4. Administrative capacity......................................................................................................................35 2.1.5. The demographic situation of Romania ..............................................................................................36 2.2 BEST PRACTICES AND SWOT ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................................38 2.3. SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................40 2.4. CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................................41 CHAPTER 3 ‐ BUILDING INNOVATION ISSUES........................................................................................ 43 3.1. CURRENT SITUATION .....................................................................................................................................43 3.1.1 Green building concept.........................................................................................................................43 3.1.2. EU context ..........................................................................................................................................45 3.1.3. The situation of buildings in Romania .................................................................................................54 3.1.4.. Romania’s national legislative framework ........................................................................................59 3.1.5. Financial Mechanisms for encouraging energy efficiency in buildings .................................................63 3.1.6. Green building codes and rating systems............................................................................................65 3.2. BEST PRACTICES AND SWOT ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................................67 3.2.1. Green technologies and building methodologies applied at buildings in Romania ..............................68 3.2.2.SWOT analysis ....................................................................................................................................91 3.3. SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................................................92 3.4. CONCLUSIONS..............................................................................................................................................93 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................ 95 3 Partner PP2 – INCDPM Bucharest Introduction This report was done by National Research and Development Institute for Environmental Protection (INCDPM) from Bucharest, partner PP2 in BUILD SEE project, financed byin the framework of the Transnational Cooperation Programme South East Europe. The Country Report is a result of work done under WP3 activities at national level, namely discussions held during meetings within the local working groups: WG1 – public administration issues, WG2 – social issues and WG3 – building innovation issues. One primary goal of urban planners is to efficiently control urban growth. Long‐term planning for cities includes strategies for housing, infrastructure, employment and social services. These are all crucial for establishing affordable, sustainable, well‐serviced communities that afford access to employment opportunities and community resources. As a candidate and then as an EU member country, Romania performed visible reforms at local public administration level, both in competencies regarding decentralization and in procedures applied regarding relationship between elected responsibles and civil servants and also regarding the relation with citizens. Nevertheless, there are still issues needing improvement in Romanian public administration. As most EU countries, Romania has faced the need to decrease the number of employees in the public sector in order to reduce public expenditures and to meet financial pressures. In essence, the pressure to define the main public administration functions was generally directed towards the reduction of the costs. The main goal of that effort was not to identify a new role for the state or to redefine the size of the civil service, but to reduce the size and costs. This may also explain why the legal definitions of civil service size remained unchanged in general, by such movements in most EU countries. The public administrator’s role in urban management is to develop policies, plans and programs to validate the pairing of a city’s population growth with access to basic organization, shelter and employment. Public administrators’ involvement in urban growth management is focused primarily on the implementation of related government policies: Public acquisition of land for the management of urban growth and open space preservation Regulatory tactics for the management of urban growth and urban space preservation Incentive‐based methods for the management of urban growth and open space preservation Informational and Educational campaigns for urban growth management and open space preservation. In recent years, the importance of sustainability has become a critical piece in managing urban development. Most large urban areas were not originally constructed on the basis of environmental‐friendly procedures and have therefore evolved into concrete jungles that lack eco‐ friendly attributes and often live under a cloud of pollution. 4 Partner PP2 – INCDPM Bucharest Public administration is taking part in implementing changes that strive to make urban areas more sustainable and healthier for their inhabitants. The control of carbon dioxide emissions (through more environmentally‐conscious transportation options) and the creation of ‘green’ buildings are the first steps towards more eco‐friendly urban areas. The public social policy is responsible for the following functions: Manages the public insurance system: social insurance, health insurance and unemplyment benefit Compensates the discrepancies between financial needs and resources through the social benefits system (a priority being the policy to sustain children) Organizes the social services for the community: education, health, social assistance Ensures social protection for vulnerable groups of society, promoting social inclusion mechanisms Develops special programmes to prevent social problems Develops or supports programmes for raising the quality of life for the community. The public social policy in Romania are still inefficient. They are reactive and offer solutions for specific crises. It is not based on the evolution of social indicators, monitoring and evaluation of programmes and plans. Europa 2020 is the European strategy for economic growth based on intelligent and sustainable economy, favourable to inclusion. This strategy would enable all Member States to get a high level of workforce, productivity and social cohesion. EU has established five major objectives to be met until 2020: workforce occupation, innovation,
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