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The Cases of Belarus and Poland Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-24-2015 Public Service Motivation in Public and Nonprofit Service Providers: The aC ses of Belarus and Poland Palina Prysmakova Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Eastern European Studies Commons, Models and Methods Commons, Organization Development Commons, Public Administration Commons, Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies Commons, Social Welfare Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Recommended Citation Prysmakova, Palina, "Public Service Motivation in Public and Nonprofit eS rvice Providers: The asC es of Belarus and Poland" (2015). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1792. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1792 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION IN PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT SERVICE PROVIDERS: THE CASES OF BELARUS AND POLAND A dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in PUBLIC AFFAIRS by Palina Prysmakova 2015 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Palina Prysmakova, and entitled Public Service Motivation in Public and Nonprofit Service Providers: The Cases of Belarus and Poland, having been approved with respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Allan Rosenbaum _______________________________________ Milena Neshkova _______________________________________ Markus Thiel _______________________________________ Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor, Major Professor Date of Defense: March 24, 2015 The dissertation of Palina Prysmakova is approved. _______________________________________ Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts and Sciences _______________________________________ Dean Lakshmi N. Reddi University Graduate School Florida International University, 2015 ii DEDICATION To I dedicate this dissertation to my grandmother, Valiancina Zhurauliova. Without your support, patience, understanding, and most of all love, I would not have been able to travel so far in my life. You always have been an example for me of how one’s strive for knowledge will change her life. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the members of my committee – Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor, Allan Rosenbaum, Milena Neshkova and Markus Thiel – for their guidance and encouragement. I would like to acknowledge the support from several institutions, which made the data collection of my dissertation possible. First, the Dissertation Evidence Acquisition Fellowship and the Dissertation Year Fellowship from Florida International University that allowed me to focus on my dissertation through three semesters. Second, the Civil Society Scholar Award from Open Society Institute and the Graduate Student Research Grant from European Union Center of Excellence in Miami that covered my data collection expenses, mainly the costly long-distance flights across the ocean. I would also like to recognize the financial support and moral encouragement from the Belarusian diaspora in the United States, namely, Orsa-Romano Cultural and Educational Foundation, NY, and Krechevsky Foundation, NY. I would also like to thank my parents and my sister for their moral support and the Szeszko and the Volkau families for the hospitality that they showed when I was collecting data in their cities. iv ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION PUBLIC SERVICE MOTIVATION IN PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT SERVICE PROVIDERS: THE CASES OF BELARUS AND POLAND by Palina Prysmakova Florida International University, 2015 Miami, Florida Professor Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor, Major Professor The work motivation construct is central to the theory and practice of many social science disciplines. Yet, due to the novelty of validated measures appropriate for a deep cross-national comparison, studies that contrast different administrative regimes remain scarce. This study represents an initial empirical effort to validate the Public Service Motivation (PSM) instrument proposed by Kim and colleagues (2013) in a previously unstudied context. The two former communist countries analyzed in this dissertation— Belarus and Poland— followed diametrically opposite development strategies: a fully decentralized administrative regime in Poland and a highly centralized regime in Belarus. The employees (n = 677) of public and nonprofit organizations in the border regions of Podlaskie Wojewodstwo (Poland) and Hrodna Voblasc (Belarus) are the subjects of study. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three dimensions of public service motivation in the two regions: compassion, self-sacrifice, and attraction to public service. The statistical models tested in this dissertation suggest that nonprofit sector employees exhibit higher levels of PSM than their public sector counterparts. Nonprofit sector v employees also reveal a similar set of values and work attitudes across the countries. Thus, the study concludes that in terms of PSM, employees of nonprofit organizations constitute a homogenous group that exists atop the administrative regimes. However, the findings propose significant differences between public sector agencies across the two countries. Contrary to expectations, data suggest that organization centralization in Poland is equal to—or for some items even higher than— that of Belarus. We can conclude that the absence of administrative decentralization of service provision in a country does not necessarily undermine decentralized practices within organizations. Further analysis reveals strong correlations between organization centralization and PSM for the Polish sample. Meanwhile, in Belarus, correlations between organization centralization items and PSM are weak and mostly insignificant. The analysis indicates other factors beyond organization centralization that significantly impact PSM in both sectors. PSM of the employees in the studied region is highly correlated with their participation in religious practices, political parties, or labor unions as well as location of their organization in a capital and type of social service provided. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE CHAPTER 1: PSM BACKGROUND AND THEORY ..................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 History and Definition ............................................................................................ 7 PSM Construct ...................................................................................................... 11 PSM in Context ..................................................................................................... 12 Differences between Countries: Decentralization Issues ...................................... 17 CHAPTER 2: CENTRALIZED REGIMES AND MOTIVATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE COMMUNIST TIMES ............................................................................................ 22 Authorizing Environment and Public Values in Centralized Regimes ................. 24 Motivation in Soviet Organization: From Management Intentions to Workforce Responses .............................................................................................................. 32 PSM in Centralized Soviet System ....................................................................... 44 Motivation after the Fall of Communism ............................................................. 46 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 50 CHAPTER 3: NONPROFIT SECTOR AS A NEW PHENOMENON IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE .............................................................................................. 52 Nonprofit Sector as New Phenomenon in Central and Eastern Europe................ 53 Working Definition of Nonprofit Organization .................................................... 63 Public Values in Newly Established Nonprofit Organizations: External and Internal Factors ..................................................................................................... 65 Motivation in Nonprofits vs. Public Sector .......................................................... 72 Government Centralization and Sectoral Differences in Motivation ................... 79 Nonprofit-Public Relations in Decentralized Administrative Systems ................ 80 Nonprofit-Public Relations in Authoritarian Systems as Extreme Case of High Administrative Centralization ............................................................................... 84 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 90 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY AND EMPIRICAL STUDY DESIGN ...................... 94 Scale Translation and Content Validation Procedures.......................................... 95 Sampling: Justification of Regions and Organizations Selection
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