Missan, Wassit & Qadissiya Governorate Profiles Post-February 2006 Idp Needs Assessments December 2007

MISSAN, WASSIT & QADISSIYA GOVERNORATE PROFILES POST-FEBRUARY 2006 IDP NEEDS ASSESSMENTS DECEMBER 2007

TABLE OF CONTENTS Section: Page:

I. IOM Assessment Background 1 II. Area Overview 2 1. Area Background Dahuk il rb 2. Restrictions on IDP Entry or Registration E

S u la a y 3. Ethnicity and Religion ew m in a N n iy 4. Places of origin a 5. Reasons for displacement Kirkuk h 6. Pre-2006 IDP population S al 7. IDP relations w/ host community ah a l- Di D n iy 8. IDP Intentions a l III. Emergency Assessment and Needs 5 a 1. Security 5 Baghdad

i. Security Kerbala Wassit Babylon Q ad ii. Vulnerabilities Anbar is si iii. Women and Children ya Missan 2. Shelter and Basic Services 7 Thi-Qar i. Shelter (living arrangements) Najaf ii. Food/PDS Basrah iii. Water and Sanitation Muthanna iv. Fuel and Electricity v. Health Care vi. Education 3. Legal 10 i. Property Issues ii. Documentation IV. Humanitarian Assistance Received 11 V. Priority Needs 11 1. Top Priority Needs 2. JOC Projects VI. Conclusion 13

I. POST-FEBRUARY 2006 IDP ASSESSMENTS: BACKGROUND

Following the 22 February 2006 bombing of the Samarra Al-Askari Mosque, sectarian violence led to an alarming increase in population displacement within Iraq. In coordination with the Iraqi Ministry of Displacement and Migration (MoDM) and other entities, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is conducting in-depth assessments on recently displaced persons throughout Iraq.

IOM monitors use IDP Rapid Assessment questionnaires to gather information from MoDM, IDP tribal and community leaders, local NGOs, local government bodies, and individual IDP families. Based on a database of this information, IOM disseminates bi-weekly, bi-annual, and annual reports containing updates, statistics, and analyses on displacement.1 These assist IOM and other organizations in prioritizing areas of operation, planning emergency responses, and designing long-term, durable solutions programs.

As of the time of writing, there are an estimated 1.2 million 2 Iraqis internally displaced since February 2006. While the rate of displacement has decreased considerably towards the end of 2007 and some IDPs are beginning to return, the number of displaced is still significant and far exceeds the number who have returned.

This is one of six Iraq Governorate Profile reports released by IOM at the close of 2007. These reports profile the displacement situation in each Iraq governorate, using statistics and reporting from the field.

1 IOM reports are available at http://www.iom-iraq.net/idp.html . 2 Based on information provided by MoDM and the Kurdistan Regional Government.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

II. OVERVIEW

1. Area Background Missan Qadissiya Wassit Capital Amara Diwaniya Kut Al-Kahla, Al-Maimouna, Al-Mejar Afaq, Diwaniya, Hamza, Al- Al-Hai, Al-Na’maniya, Al- Districts Al-Kabi, Ali Al-Gharbi, Qal’at Shamiya Suwaira, Badra, Kut Saleh, Amara Population 3 1,100,000 individuals 916,000 individuals 939,000 individuals 4 5,732 families (est. 39,070 3,577 families (est. 22,336 11,257 families (est. 69,425 Total post-Feb 2006 IDPs individuals) individuals) individuals) 5 18,871 families (est. 113,226 1,154 families (est. 6,924 2,030 families (est. 12,180 Total pre-Feb 2006 IDPs individuals) individuals) individuals) Number of post-Feb 2006 5,696 families (est. 34,176 3,673 families (est. 22,038 11,690 families (est. 70,140 IDPs assessed by IOM 6 individuals) individuals) individuals)

The governorates of Missan, Wassit, and Qadissiya are located in the upper-southeast region of Iraq, south of Diyala and north of Basrah and Thi-Qar. Missan and Wassit sit on the eastern edge of the country and both share long borders with Iran.

Missan is considered one of the poorest governorates in Iraq. Sharing the largest area of border with Iran, Missan once was a major producer of sugar cane, vegetable oil, paper and plastic, but lack of resources, factory maintenance and power shortage have brought these productions to a halt.

Wassit is an important trade center for fruit, vegetables, dates and grain, which can be shipped north to Baghdad and south to Missan and Basrah via the Tigris River. The largest city is the capital, Kut. Wassit’s relative security and homogeneity have made it a primary destination for Shia Arab IDPs fleeing sectarian violence in nearby Diyala and Baghdad.

Over the past 30 years Qadissiya, like the neighbouring governorates of Iraq’s lower-south region, has witnessed a significant inflow of internally displaced families driven by the persecution campaigns against the Shia Arabs and the drainage of the marshes carried out by the former regime. Its relative stability and religious homogeneity make it an attractive destination for the recently displaced. Qadissiya is sometimes referred to as Diwaniya, which is the name of the governorate’s capital city.

2. Restrictions on IDP Entry or Registration

IDP entry into Missan is open and MoDM is registering IDPs in the governorate. Entry into Qadissiya is restricted, but as of November MoDM Qadissiya had resumed registering IDPs. IDP entry into Wassit is unrestricted and MoDM is registering IDPs.

3. Ethnicity and Religion

As is the case throughout southern Iraq, the IDP ethnic and religious profile is almost entirely Shia Arab.

3 As per 1997 census. 4 As per registration by the Ministry of Displacement and Migration. 5 As per IOM Phase II Monitoring, December 2005. 6 Please note that this is the number of post-February 2006 IDPs assessed by IOM, not the total number of IDPs in the governorate.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

4. Places of Origin

Dahuk il Dahuk rb il E rb E 0.08% S u S la 0.14% u a y la ew m a y in a ew m N n in a 2.56% iy N n a iy h 1.51% a Kirkuk Kirkuk h 2.83% 3.95% S a 8 6.21% la 1 Sa 6.14% h l a . ah l- 7 a D 6 D l in i -D D % y i a n iy l a a la 86.22% Baghdad Baghdad 4.47% 0.25% 1.05% 0.21% Kerbala Kerbala 0.51% W 0.02% W Babylon assit assit Babylon 1.82% Q Q ad ad Anbar is Anbar is si si ya ya Missan Missan

Thi-Qar Thi-Qar Najaf Najaf 0.03% Basrah 0.25% Basrah Muthanna Muthanna

Dahuk il rb E

S u la a y By far the majority of IDPs in Missan come ew m in a N n 0.50% iy from Baghdad (86%). This is also true for a h Qadissiya (81%) and Wassit (67%). Wassit also Kirkuk contains a large (31%) group of IDPs from 0.15% S 30.92% al ah a Diyala. l- Di D n iy a la 67.01% Baghdad 0.34% 5. Reasons for Displacement Kerbala W Babylon assit 1.08% Q ad Anbar is si The majority (63%) of IDPs assessed in the ya reporting area fled their place of origin due to Missan Thi-Qar general violence. Nearly a third also cited direct Najaf threats to life as a reason for their displacement; Basrah however, in Qadissiya, 94% of IDPs cited direct Muthanna threats to life. Reasons for displacement are as follows:

REASONS FOR DISPLACEMENT Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Armed conflict 11.9% 0.4% 0.1% 3.3% 10.3% Direct threats to life 47.1% 94.2% 1.5% 30.0% 62.4% Forced displacement from property 34.1% 0.8% 2.0% 10.4% 25.3% Generalized violence 20.3% 19.9% 97.8% 63.3% 47.0% Left out of fear 60.6% 26.0% 1.8% 21.9% 39.2% Other 0.6% 3.3% 0.0% 0.7% 1.1%

When asked whether they felt specifically targeted and if so, why, the overwhelming majority (90%) of IDPs assessed in the reporting area said that they were targeted for religious/sectarian identity. However, 36% of those assessed in Missan said that they did not feel specifically targeted:

REASONS FOR BEING TARGETED Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Belonging to a certain ethnic group 0.1% 0.6% 0.0% 0.1% 3.1%

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION Belonging to a certain religion or sect 64.6% 97.0% 99.8% 89.8% 86.4% Belonging to a certain social group 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.1% 1.1% Do not think the group was targeted 35.5% 0.1% 0.0% 9.6% 11.3% Holding a certain political opinion 0.0% 0.0% 3.8% 2.1% 6.1%

Less than 1% of IDPs assessed in the reporting area had been displaced more than once.

IOM assessments capture IDP date of displacement, which is shown in the line graph below. In this area, most of the IDPs assessed were displaced during 2006. However, in Wassit the majority of IDPs assessed were displaced in March and May of 2007. This movement was mainly from Diyala and Baghdad and may have been a response to the “surge” in MNF-I military operations that began in the first half of 2007. Overall, however, the nationwide rate of displacement slowed considerably during the first half of 2007 when compared with 2006. Although IOM date of displacement data shows this trend continuing into the second half of 2007, caution should be used when reading displacement rates within the last six months because assessments are ongoing and IOM monitors do not reach all IDPs immediately after they are displaced.

IDP Date of Displacement Missan 3500 Qadissiya Wassit 3000

2500

2000

1500 Families

1000

500

6 7 7 06 6 06 6 07 7 7 07 - -06 -0 -0 t- -0 -07 - l-07 -0 -0 t- b ay-06 n g p c n b ar-07 ay-07 n-0 u g p c Jan-06 e Ju Jul-06 e ec Ja e Ju J e F Mar-06 Apr-06 M Au S O Nov-06 D F M Apr-0 M Au S O

6. Pre-2006 IDP Population Overview

This area hosts a large pre-2006 IDP population, many of them villagers displaced during the Iran- Iraq war of the 1980s or Marsh Arabs who moved after the former regime drained the marshlands that once stretched from Kut to Basrah.

Missan experienced significant displacement during the Iraq-Iran war of the 1980s, and again during the 1990s when the marshes were drained by the former regime. Most of this population has resettled, either nearby the former marsh areas or in urban centres. This older IDP population in Missan is one of the largest in Iraq. Following the 2003 conflict, many refugees also returned from Iran and became IDPs.

In the 1990s, displacement occurred to and within Qadissiya due to the drainage of the marshes and military operations by the former regime. Further displacement was observed during the 2003 conflict as IDPs moved to avoid military operations and combat. This period also saw IDPs arriving in Qadissiya, some of them refugee returnees and others Arab families returning from central or northern Iraq, where they had been settled in the former regime’s Arabization campaign. At the same time, Kurdish and Turkmen families who had been resettled in Qadissiya during Arabization began to return north to Diyala and Kirkuk.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION Compared with Missan and Qadissiya, Wassit was only marginally affected by drainage of the marshlands and the Marsh Arabs’ subsequent displacement. Most of the older displaced population in Wassit moved during April 2003 hostilities between the Multi-National Forces in Iraq (MNF-I) and local militias. Following the 2003 conflict, Wassit also experienced an influx of IDPs pushed south by the reversal of the Arabization campaign in the central governorates. Due to the destruction of houses and infrastructure and a lack of resources to rebuild, many of these IDP returnees continue living in secondary displacement. Many of them are living on the outskirts of urban centers in Al- Suwaira and Kut.

7. IDP Population’s Relationship with the Host Community

IDPs are accepted due to shared religious identities: more than 99% of IDPs assessed in this area reported being well received by the host community. However, the influx of IDPs and their continued presence is beginning to strain relations, as is seen in Wassit.

8. IDP Intentions

The majority of IDPs assessed in Wassit intend to remain and integrate in their place of displacement. Intentions in Missan and Qadissiya are more varied, with significantly more IDPs intending to return to their place of origin.

IDP Intentions

65.0%

44.9%

39.6% Missan 35.5% 35.0%

29.3% Qadissiya 25.7% Wassit

10.5% 6.4% 4.2% 2.9%

0.1%

Locally integrate in the Resettle in a third location Return to their place of Waiting on one or several current location origin factors to make a decision

III. EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT AND NEEDS

1. Security and Vulnerabilities

Security

Security in Missan is relatively stable. Looting, assassinations, and abductions do occur, but less frequently than in other governorates. Monitors are able to reach displaced populations without difficulty.

Security in Qadissiya is significantly less stable. Fighting between insurgents/militia and Multi- National Forces in Iraq/Iraqi Forces (MNF-I/IF) intensified in the spring and continued into the autumn, with clashes especially common in the Askan, Jata, Jumhory, Askoory, Al-Wahda, and Al- Sader areas. In August the governor of Qadissiya and the governorate police chief were assassinated.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION Intra-governorate displacement was observed originating from especially insecure neighborhoods within Diwaniya city. Movement is heavily restricted and a curfew is in effect.

Security in Wassit continues to be stable, despite fears earlier this year of increased instability due to insurgent movements from Diyala. Some intertribal conflict has occurred in Al-Dihjaily and there are sporadic assassinations and attacks on local authorities. Wassit’s relative security has attracted an especially large IDP influx from the neighboring Baghdad and Diyala governorates, two of the most insecure and unstable governorates in Iraq.

SECURITY STATISTICS Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Reported serious death or injury: 1.8% 0.6% 0.7% 1.0% 12.6% Had group members unaccounted for: 3.7% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 3.8% Must pass through a checkpoint to move near home: 1.1% 0.0% 1.0% 0.9% 10.9% Need authorization to move from current location: 2.0% 8.1% 0.0% 2.0% 9.9% Reported other restrictions on freedom or movement: 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 0.6% 4.1%

Over 99% of IDPs assessed in the reporting area said that they felt safe in their current location, relative to their place of origin. IDP freedom of movement and security are better in these governorates than the rest of Iraq.

Vulnerabilities

VULNERABILITIES Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Elderly person 2.93% 2.64% 2.28% 2.52% 1.47% Female head of household 2.38% 5.12% 1.43% 2.33% 0.49% Other vulnerability 0.17% 0.09% 0.01% 0.07% 0.64% Person with mental disability 0.05% 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% 0.07% Person with serious illness 0.27% 1.20% 0.18% 0.38% 0.13% Pregnant woman 2.29% 0.57% 2.11% 1.89% 0.45%

Women and Children

As is the case throughout Iraq, women and children among the IDP population in the reporting area face a number of unique challenges that make them especially vulnerable. Monitors consistently observe a high incidence of dermatological diseases among young children due to lack of clean water and sanitation. A lack of specialized health care for women results in a high incidence of premature births, miscarriages, and infant deaths. The symptoms of depression and trauma are frequent among IDP children, who are often obliged to work to support their families. Psychosocial assistance is rarely available. Overcrowding causes tension within families or among groups sharing the same quarters, and women often find their movements restricted by conservative social customs, a particularly difficult experience for those accustomed to more liberal and urban environment.

IOM assessments identified the gender and age profile of the assessed population through interviews with 1,328 individual families in the area:

Age Group Total Female Male Male Female Total 100.0% 48.2% 51.8% 51.78% Less than 1 3.3% 1.7% 1.5% 48.22% 1 to 4 16.1% 8.0% 8.1% 5 to 17 36.3% 16.5% 19.8% 18 to 60 40.4% 20.2% 20.2% More than 60 3.9% 1.8% 2.1%

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION 2. Shelter and Basic Services

Shelter

The majority of IDPs are renting, often in substandard conditions. In this area, however, a high percentage lives with a host family or relatives compared to the rest of Iraq.

TYPE OF HOUSING Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Rented housing 55.5% 52.8% 46.3% 49.9% 58.3% House of host family or relatives 17.3% 16.6% 30.7% 24.7% 17.2% Other 14.8% 2.8% 13.7% 12.1% 9.4% Collective town settlement 5.7% 6.9% 6.1% 6.1% 6.7% Public building 6.2% 5.4% 3.0% 4.3% 6.0% Tent or former military camp 0.4% 1.1% 0.1% 0.4% 1.5%

IDPs living in substandard shelter without basic services are often vulnerable and in urgent need of humanitarian assistance. Monitors assessed IDP families living in houses made of mud and reeds in villages in Al-Khwaite village (Al-Misharah sub-district) in Missan and in the Al-Shafe’iya (Al- Shamiya district) and Al-Askan (Kheiry) areas of Qadissiya. IDPs (particularly children) living in these types of shelters frequently show symptoms of dermatological, intestinal, and respiratory diseases due to an unsanitary environment and lack of potable water.

When asked if they were under any pressure to move, 7% of those assessed in Qadissiya reported pressure from militants and 2% of those assessed in Wassit reported pressure from relatives.

Food/Public Distribution System (PDS)

IDP access to PDS in the reporting area is better than the general rate found by IOM assessments throughout Iraq. However, 69% of those assessed still reported only intermittent access to PDS rations, and 6% reported no access at all. The most commonly reported reasons for PDS non-access were insecurity along food transportation routes (46%) and delay in the transfer of PDS registration (12%).

PDS ACCESS ? Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Yes, always 56.67% 21.89% 9.84% 24.61% 21.86% Sometimes 39.66% 56.36% 87.81% 69.30% 55.93% Not at all 2.88% 21.70% 2.35% 5.87% 22.02%

In addition, 26% of those assessed reported receiving rations that were missing items.

When asked if they received food assistance from other sources besides the PDS, 34% of IDPs assessed in the reporting area said that they had. Sources are as follows:

FOOD AID SOURCE Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq National authorities 0.3% 2.1% 2.0% 1.6% 5.1% Regional authorities 9.6% 22.2% 0.9% 7.0% 5.2% Religious charities 7.8% 48.3% 12.9% 17.7% 18.6% Humanitarian organizations 9.5% 35.8% 5.5% 11.9% 23.5% Others 19.3% 19.3% 8.7% 13.4% 9.3% Do not receive other assistance 73.7% 43.2% 69.9% 66.3% 60.1%

PDS transfer usually takes some time, as IDPs must usually deregister in their place of origin. IDPs who are waiting for PDS transfer must rely on local markets or the generosity of the host community for food. Some IDPs are unable to transfer their registration due to loss of documentation, or because they cannot obtain documentation from their place of origin due to insecurity.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

Water and Sanitation

Most IDPs assessed in the reporting area had regular access to water: 79% in Missan, almost 100% in Qadissiya, and 78% in Wassit. The majority have access to piped municipal water:

WATER SOURCE Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Municipal water (underground pipes) 89.2% 96.5% 80.9% 85.9% 91.5% Open or broken pipe 2.8% 11.4% 15.3% 11.2% 10.3% Public wells 0.7% 0.2% 3.9% 2.4% 11.6% Rivers, streams or lakes 26.6% 19.7% 15.1% 19.0% 12.9% Water tanks/trucks 27.3% 8.6% 7.8% 13.2% 27.5% Other sources 6.9% 0.3% 1.2% 2.6% 3.6%

IDPs with irregular access to water or those relying on non-potable water usually show a high incidence of related health problems. IDPs in villages in Missan rely on river water and diarrhea diseases are common among their children. Similar problems were observed in Al-Sada village of Al- Diwaniya district, Qadissiya, where IDPs rely on water from drainage canals. In other areas, such as Hay Al-Ezza in Wassit, existing municipal water networks are either too old or too overloaded to adequately serve the population.

Sanitation is also a concern for many IDPs, particularly those living in sub-standard shelter or without access to potable water. In Missan, 6% of those assessed said that they did not have access to toilets; in Qadissiya, 0%; in Wassit, 17%. IDPs in Abo-Khassaf village in the Beni Hashim sub- district of Missan reported that open defecation was the norm in the village because there were no latrines. In the Al-Jamhori area of Shamiya district, Qadissiya, sewage from latrines sits in open-air drainage canals beside IDP houses.

Following the outbreak of cholera in the northern governorates and country-wide fears of an epidemic, increased attention was given to water purification and infrastructure in this area, particularly Missan.

Fuel and Electricity

Fuel shortages in the area affect both IDPs and host community, as is the case throughout Iraq. PDS fuel rations are usually insufficient and do not reach the entire population. Electrical networks are often overloaded or operate intermittently and the fuel shortage limits the operation of generators. IDPs in more rural areas or in substandard shelter often have no access to electricity at all. IDP non- access to electricity is particularly high in Wassit, where 17% of those assessed reported that they have no electricity at all.

ELECTRICITY Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq No electricity 2.2% 1.4% 17.0% 10.3% 5.9% 1-3 hours per day 10.7% 7.5% 18.0% 14.2% 36.0% Four or more hours per day 86.0% 88.1% 65.1% 74.7% 57.3%

Of IDPs assessed in the reporting area, 16% said that they had no access to any type of fuel. Fuel access by type is as follows:

FUEL ACCESS Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Benzene 80.4% 36.3% 15.4% 36.7% 44.1% Diesel 48.5% 2.2% 56.0% 44.6% 15.1% Kerosene 3.7% 49.6% 9.8% 15.1% 15.8% Propane 84.0% 93.0% 72.8% 79.4% 55.6% No access to fuel 12.2% 4.7% 21.5% 16.0% 35.7%

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION Health Care

IDPs in the reporting area are suffering from health problems brought on by substandard shelter, lack of basic services, and the trauma of displacement. In areas such as Al-Za’eem in Al-Suwaira in Wassit, women find it difficult to obtain specialized health care and often reported conditions such as angina, hypertension, and diabetes. There is a high incidence of miscarriages due to unavailability of gynecological care. In Al-Mua’almen, Al-Hai district of Wassit, diarrhea and dermatological conditions are common, particularly among IDP children in rural areas due to unsanitary water and insufficient protection from the elements – especially dust and heat. In Afaq district, Qadissiya, monitors observed a high incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiac diseases.

Of IDPs assessed in the reporting area, 91% said that they had access to health care services. Of those assessed in Missan, 12% reported no access; in Qadissiya, 3%; in Wassit, 9%. Reasons for non- access are as follows:

REASONS FOR NON -ACCESS Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Financial constraints 2.2% 0.7% 2.9% 2.3% 5.5% Health care services not available 4.6% 0.0% 4.9% 4.0% 5.2% Too distant to access 6.7% 2.5% 1.3% 3.0% 3.5%

No IDPs assessed in the reporting area cited insecurity as a factor preventing them from accessing health care services, although in rural areas of Missan there were reports that insurgents had threatened doctors and nursing staff. Although most IDPs assessed in Missan (86%) and Qadissiya (68%) reported that they were able to access medications, only 22% of those in Wassit reported access.

In Missan, IDPs reported that there was no health facility in Ali Al-Sharqi sub-district, no gynecologist available in Ali Al-Gharbi district, and only one health clinic in Al-Khair district. Throughout the reporting area, a general shortage of medications, equipment, and qualified medical staff limits the quality of the health care that is available.

IDPs in Missan and Wassit reported by far the highest incidence of infectious diseases found by IOM assessments nationwide. In contrast, none of the IDPs assessed in Qadissiya reported infectious diseases.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE IN THE PAST 45 DAYS ? 7 Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Yes 34.8% 0.2% 25.5% 23.6% 7.5% No 64.6% 99.8% 74.5% 76.2% 92.4%

Fifty-six percent (56%) of IDPs assessed in the reporting area had been visited by a health care worker in the past 30 days 7. These visits usually provided only vaccinations, although in Missan 5% of IDPs reported receiving medical consultations and in Wassit 10% reported that visiting health care workers had distributed medications.

VISITED BY HEALTH WORKER IN PAST 30 DAYS ? 7 Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Yes 57.6% 33.9% 62.7% 56.3% 42.0% No 31.3% 64.3% 37.3% 40.4% 54.3%

Nearly 75% of IDPs assessed in the reporting area said that they had participated in a vaccination campaign:

VACCINATION CAMPAIGN 7 Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq

7 From date of interview.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION No 17.5% 30.4% 26.6% 24.8% 45.6% Yes, last week 13.0% 2.5% 15.7% 12.7% 7.8% Yes, last month 37.4% 8.5% 53.2% 41.2% 14.6% Yes, 1-3 months ago 25.9% 54.3% 2.4% 17.8% 16.9% Yes, 4-6 months ago 1.5% 3.9% 0.0% 1.1% 11.3% Yes, 7 or more months ago 4.0% 0.1% 0.0% 1.1% 3.1%

Education

As is the case throughout Iraq, the trauma and humanitarian crisis of displacement present serious obstacles to the education of IDP children. In this area school authorities have facilitated the enrolment of IDP children, although the process is sometimes difficult when IDPs have no school documentation from their place of origin. As of the end of September, there were 4000 IDP students registered with the Education Directorate in Missan. However, IDPs in areas such as Ali Al-Sharaqi sub-district (Missan) and in Badra and Al-Hai districts (Wassit) reported that their children do not attend school because there is no school nearby. Many schools are also overcrowded due to the influx of IDPs. Other IDP children stay home from school because their family cannot afford school supplies, or because the family cannot survive without the children working themselves. IDP children who are attending school find it hard to learn due to the trauma they have experienced.

3. Legal Concerns

Property Issues

IOM monitors asked 1,328 individual families in the reporting area what types of property they had left behind. Responses were as follows:

TYPES OF PROPERTY LEFT BEHIND Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Apartment or room 1% 2% 3% 1% 3% House 86% 96% 97% 92% 92% Land for agriculture 6% 4% 27% 5% 5% Land for housing 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% Other 9% 0% 0% 3% 4% Shop / small business 7% 4% 0% 5% 6%

When asked what had become of the property they had left behind, the majority of IDPs in the reporting area said that they did not know, especially those in Wassit:

STATUS OF PROPERTY LEFT BEHIND Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Do not know 65.13% 45.22% 98.34% 80.09% 58.44% Property accessible 24.79% 9.09% 1.23% 8.97% 8.01% Property currently in military use 0.11% 2.07% 0.24% 0.52% 1.94% Property destroyed 25.90% 46.75% 12.09% 21.87% 16.58% Property occupied, controlled or claimed by government 0.12% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.84% Property occupied, controlled or claimed by private citizens 27.56% 13.89% 1.17% 10.53% 30.88%

IDPs were able to take the following with them when they were displaced, alleviating somewhat the challenges faced during displacement:

ASSETS BROUGHT BY IDP S Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Livestock 1.1% 0.4% 4.3% 2.7% 3.0% Food 45.7% 41.7% 38.4% 41.0% 28.1% Winter clothing 55.4% 65.9% 41.6% 49.6% 35.3% Car transportation 14.2% 12.9% 59.8% 39.3% 35.2% Tools 54.1% 43.6% 6.2% 25.7% 26.7% Other 0.1% 7.1% 0.4% 1.5% 3.8%

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

Documentation

IDPs assessed in the reporting area carry multiple forms of documentation, although few have passports:

DOCUMENTATION Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Nationality Certificates 98.56% 99.35% 98.94% 98.91% 96.60% ID Cards 98.93% 98.37% 98.05% 98.34% 96.02% Marriage Documents 86.20% 44.92% 96.95% 84.97% 72.66% Birth Certificates 79.71% 31.47% 82.14% 72.64% 61.48% Other Documents 23.67% 21.40% 24.11% 23.51% 19.17% Death Certificates 50.25% 9.94% 5.90% 18.60% 18.16% Passports 8.74% 0.08% 17.57% 12.13% 17.39%

IV. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE RECEIVED

Eighty-three percent (83%) of IDPs assessed in the reporting area said that they had received humanitarian assistance since their displacement. This was provided by the following sources:

Source of Assistance Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Host Community 31.60% 29.89% 52.95% 43.15% 31.09% Iraqi Red Crescent 25.35% 39.48% 42.30% 37.22% 27.87% MoDM 48.65% 35.72% 83.64% 65.82% 29.84% Humanitarian organization 2.86% 18.11% 27.19% 19.03% 18.22% Other Iraqi Government body 3.32% 2.40% 39.70% 23.35% 5.39% Relatives 42.08% 46.58% 45.10% 44.54% 25.70% Religious Group 16.01% 53.80% 17.30% 23.32% 24.91% Has not received assistance 29.32% 15.71% 11.52% 17.07% 36.81%

These sources provided the following types of assistance:

TYPE OF ASSISTANCE Missan Qadissiya Wassit Area All Iraq Food 58.7% 81.7% 84.9% 77.3% 59.5% Non-food Items 66.5% 67.9% 72.1% 69.9% 47.6% Other 1.0% 16.6% 59.5% 36.2% 11.3% Health 1.2% 3.1% 0.9% 1.4% 11.3%

V. PRIORITY NEEDS

Top priority needs:

90.0%

92.2%

63.5%

Missan

Wassit Qadissiya

22.2% 17.7%

9.6%

4.0% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Food Other Water Health Shelter Work Hygiene Access to Access Sanitation Education Legal Help Legal No Answer No 11

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

IOM Joint Operations Cell Project Recommendations

The following recommendations are projects recommended by sources on the ground, including IOM monitors, staff, implementing partners, and other stakeholders. These and other projects are stored in an IOM database as part of the IOM Joint Operations Cell information management system. This database can be queried by geographic location, project cost, project sector, etc. IOM encourages humanitarian organizations to implement these recommendations. For more information, please contact Vlatko Avramovski at [email protected].

Governorate District Place Latitude Longitude Project Title Sector

Rehabilitation and Supply of Missan Al-Kahla Al Kahla 31.675 47.278 HEALTH PHCC

Emergency Distribution - FI and EMERGENCY Missan Al-Kahla Khasaf 31.717 47.383 NFI DISTRIBUTION

Al-Mejar Al- Missan Al Mijar al Kabir 31.575 47.158 Small bridge for pedestrians PROTECTION Kabi

Al-Mejar Al- Emergency distribution of food EMERGENCY Missan Al Mijar al Kabir 31.575 47.158 Kabi and non-food items DISTRIBUTION

Income Generation project in Missan Amara Amarah 31.845 47.175 LIVELIHOOD Missan governorate

Emergency distribution of food EMERGENCY Qadissiya Al-Shamiya Ghammas 31.737 44.603 and non-food items DISTRIBUTION

Emergency Distribution - FI and EMERGENCY Qadissiya Al-Shamiya Shamiya 31.963 44.598 NFI DISTRIBUTION

Qadissiya Al-Shamiya Shamiya 31.963 44.598 Construction of Water Network WATER / SANITATION

Emergency distribution of food EMERGENCY Qadissiya Diwaniya Daghghara 32.143 44.933 and non-food items DISTRIBUTION

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION Wassit Al-Hai Al Hayy 32.167 46.050 Legal Assistance

Construction of Sanitation Wassit Al-Hai Al Hayy 32.167 46.050 WATER / SANITATION System

Rehabilitation of Water Wassit Al-Hai Al Hayy 32.167 46.050 WATER / SANITATION Purification Station

Wassit Al-Hai Al Hayy 32.167 46.050 Water purification project WATER / SANITATION

Sanitation (Provision of Garbage Wassit Kut Kut 32.500 45.833 WATER / SANITATION Containers)

Wassit Kut Kut 32.500 45.833 Midwife Training Courses LIVELIHOOD

Installation of main water pipe Wassit Kut Kut 32.500 45.833 WATER / SANITATION from the nearest source

Provision of Potable Water to IDP families in Wassit - Wassit Kut Mazr al Rashid 32.563 45.663 installation of two 14m3/hr WATER / SANITATION Compact Water Treatment Units (CWTUs)

Wassit Kut Shaykh Sa`d 32.567 46.283 Rehabilitation of Shelter SHELTER

Emergency Distribution - FI and EMERGENCY Wassit Kut Shaykh Sa`d 32.567 46.283 NFI DISTRIBUTION

CONCLUSION

Since February 2006, Missan, Qadissiya and Wassit have experienced an influx of IDPs from the central governorates, mainly from Baghdad. Almost all IDPs are Shia Arab and almost all fled due to generalized violence or direct threats to life, especially those IDPs in Wassit. Of the three, Wassit has the most IDPs, more than double of Missan and Qadissiya, and is the most unstable. The majority of the IDPs in Wassit plan to locally integrate, which means the strains felt by the host community could become permanent. Missan has the greatest number of pre-2006 IDPs; over 110,000 IDPs were already displaced in Missan before the February 2006 Samarra bombing.

Most IDPs in this area are renting shelter, although a high percentage (30%) in Wassit lives with a host family or relatives. Overall, IDPs tend to have better access to PDS food rations than in the rest of the country. Most have access to water, although areas in all three governorates suffer from a lack of portable water and sanitation services, which is leading to increased health problems. Most (91%) of IDPs report access to health care services, although only 22% of IDPs in Wassit report access to the medications they require. Seventeen percent of IDPs in Wassit also report no access to electricity. All three governorates are affected by a lack of IDP children attending school and a lack of health care for IDP women. Also, a lack of knowledge about the status of property left behind is higher in these governorates than the rest of Iraq.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

Overall, these three governorates tend to fare better in terms of access to basic services, experiencing stability, and receiving assistance. However, IDPs tend to fare the worst in Wassit, where needs are greater.

For further information on IDP displacement in Iraq, please contact Dana Graber, Iraq Displacement Specialist, at [email protected] (+962 79 611 1759).

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION POST-FEBRUARY 2006 MISSAN – IDP LOCATIONS, DECEMBER 2007 IDP MONITORING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

47°0'0"E 48°0'0"E

Legend Settlements Town\ Village Main Cities .! District Center

Ali al Gharbi Ali al Gharbi /" Governorate Center Wassit Primary Routes Ali Al-Gharbi Maharib Iran Governorate Boundary

Al Hayy IDP locations by Ali ash Sharqi number of families

1- 99 100 - 499 32°0'0"N 32°0'0"N Missan Amara 500 - 999 1000 - 1999

Amarah 2000 and more Al Jadil Muhammad Al Mesharah Al Adl Dalbus Refai Abu Sabah IDP Movements To Missan Dahuk Al Miamona Al Miamona Al Kahla Al Kahla il rb Salim Bani Hashim E S 0.14% u la a y Haddam Al-Kahla ew m in a N n iy Al Mijar al Kabir Al Mijar al Kabir 1.51% a Kirkuk h

Qal`at Salih Qal`at Salih 3.95% S 6.14% al ah Maula a Mizban l- Di D Al-Maimouna n iy a la As Salam Al-Mejar Al-Kabi 86.22% Thi-Qar Qal'at Saleh 1.05% Baghdad 0.51% Ahl al Azair 0.21% Al Harrah Kerbala Wassit Shatrah 0.02% Babylon Q ad Al Azair Anbar is si ya Missan

Thi-Qar Najaf

Basrah 0.25% Muthanna Basrah

05 10 20 30 40 47°0'0"E 48°0'0"E Kilometers 1 centimeter equals 11 kilometers POST-FEBRUARY 2006 QADISSIYA/DIWANIYA – IDP LOCATIONS, DECEMBER 2007 IDP MONITORING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

45°0'0"E

Kerbala Legend Al Hashimiyah Settlements Kerbala Babylon Town\ Village Wassit Main Cities .! District Center Al Haj `Ali /" Governorate Center

Sumar Daghghara Primary Routes Governorate Boundary

Afak Afak

Al Kufa Hamzah [1] As Sinniyah Diwaniya Arshibah

Diwaniya 32°0'0"N Al Muhanawiyah 32°0'0"N Al Bdair IDP locations by Shamiya Shamiya Andayban Shafiya number of families Afaq 1- 99 Sayyid Na'wah Najaf 100 - 499 Qadissiya Qaryat ash Shallal Sideer 500 - 999 1000 - 1999 Al Muhanawiyah Thi-Qar 2000 and more Al-Shamiya Thi-Qa r Ghammas Al Hamzah

IDP Movements To Qadissiya Dahuk As Sayyid Hashim il rb E

S 0.08% u la a y ew m in a N n Shannafiuah iy a 2.56% Kirkuk h Hamza 2.83% Rumaitha Sa 6.21% l 8 ah a 1 l . -D 7 D i 6% n iy a la

4.47% Baghdad 0.25% `Ali al Hassuni 1.82% Kerbala Wassit Q Babylon a di Anbar ss Muthanna iy Muthanna a Missan

Thi-Qar Najaf

0.03% Basrah Muthanna

03.75 7.5 15 22.5 30 45°0'0"E Kilometers 1 centimeter equals 8 kilometers POST-FEBRUARY 2006 WASSIT – IDP LOCATIONS, DECEMBER 2007 IDP MONITORING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS

45°0'0"E 46°0'0"E

Legend Settlements Town\ Village Thawra City .! Main Cities 7 Nissan Diyala .! !. .! Karadah District Center .! Iran /" Governorate Center Baghdad Primary Routes Badrah Badrah Governorate Boundary .!

Badra 33°0'0"N 33°0'0"N Jassan IDP locations by As Suwayrah As Suwayrah .! Al Aziziya Al Aziziya number of families .! 1- 99 Al-Suwaira 100 - 499 Zubaydiyah 500 - 999 1000 - 1999 2000 and more Musahiyah Wassit

Na`is Saiyid Hashim Shaykh Sa`d Hamzah Al Noamania IDP Movements To Wassit Dahuk il .! rb Kut E `Ubud al Husayn /" S u l /" a a y Sultan ew m Kut in a Jabbar as Suhayl [2] N n iy Al Amir 0.50% a Babylon Kirkuk h Ad Darisat Al Hashimiyah 0.15% .! S 30.92% al Al-Na'maniya ah a l- Di D n iy a la Al Mazalim Al Muwaffaqiyah 67.01% Missan Baghdad Missan 0.34% W Kerbala 1.08% assit Babylon Q ad Al Hayy Anbar is Al Hayy si ya .! Missan

Thi-Qar Najaf .! .! Basrah Najaf Qadissiya Muthanna 32°0'0"N Shamiya /" 32°0'0"N .! Al-Hai Thi-Qar

05 10 20 30 40 45°0'0"E 46°0'0"E Kilometers 1 centimeter equals 11 kilometers