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Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis, Lucrece, and Other Poems

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Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis, Lucrece, and Other Poems m F CANNOT LEAVE THE LIBRARY. i & ] (A/21 i COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. ' / HI LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. ^| SHAKESPEARE'S VENUS AND ADONIS, LUCRECE, AND OTHER POEMS. Edited, with Notes, WILLIAM J. ROLFE, A.M., FORMERLY HEAD MASTER OF THE HIGH SCHOOL, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. WITH ENGRA VINGS. ^%x JUN 29 1883" J W Ho.l/ffcZ NEW YORK °r washing HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE. I88 3 . ~2 ENGLISH CLASSICS. Edited by WM. J. ROLFE, A.M. Illustrated. i6mo, Cloth, 56 cents per volume ; Paper, 40 cents per volume. Shakespeare's Works. PREFACE. Shakespeare's Poems have generally received less attention from editors and commentators than his plays, and in some editions they are omitted altogether. It has been my aim to treat them with the same thoroughness as the plays. All varies lectiones likely to be of interest to the student are recorded. The 1599 edition of Venus and Adonis is col- lated for the first time, so far as I am aware, though it was discovered some fifteen years ago. Certain of the recent editors do not appear to know of its existence. The text is given without expurgation. The Rape of Lucrece needs none, and the Venus and Adonis (like the sonnets on the same subject in The Passionate Pilgrim) does not admit of it without being mutilated past recognition. Of course these poems will never be read in schools or " Shakespeare clubs." In The Passionate Pilgrim, the pieces which are certainly not Shake- speare's are transferred from the text to the Notes. Most of the others are of doubtful authenticity, but I give Shakespeare the benefit—if bene- fit it be—of the doubt. A Lover's Complaint is generally conceded to be his ; and The Phcenix and the Turtle has, I think, a better claim to be so regarded than anything in The Passionate Pilgrim. These points, however, are more fully discussed in the Notes. Cambridge, February 3, 1883. By this, the boy that by her side lay kill'd Was melted like a vapour from her sight, And in his blood that on the ground lay spill 'd, A purple flower sprung up, chequer' d with white, Resembling well his pale cheeks and the blood Which in round drops upon their whiteness stood. (V. and A. 1 165 fol.) CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction to Shakespeare's Poems 9 I. The History of the Poems 9 II. The Sources of the Poems 14 III. Critical Comments on the Poems 16 VENUS AND ADONIS 41 THE RAPE OF LUCRECE.. 81 A LOVER'S COMPLAINT 143 THE PASSIONATE PILGRIM 156 THE PHOENIX AND THE TURTLE 163 Notes 167 VENUS GENETRIX. THE DEATH OF LUCKECE. INTRODUCTION SHAKESPEARE'S POEMS. I. THE HISTORY OF THE POEMS. Venus and Adonis was first published in quarto form, in * 1593, with the following title-page: miretur vulgus : mihi Venvs and adonis | Vilia flauus I ministret aqua. London Pocula Castalia plena | Apollo | I Field, and are to be sold at the Imprinted by Richard | white Greyhound in Paules Church-yard. signe of the \ | 1593. * For this title-page, as well as for much of the other information we have given concerning the early editions, we are indebted to the " Cam- bridge " ed. : IO SHAKESPEARE'S POEMS. The book is printed with remarkable accuracy, doubtless from the author's manuscript. A second quarto edition was published in 1594, the title- page of which differs from that of the first only in the date. A third edition in octavo form (like all the subsequent editions) was issued in 1596 from the same printing-office " for Iohn Harison." A fourth edition was published in 1599, with the following title-page (as given in Edmonds's reprint) Vilia miretur vulgus : mihi VENVS AND ADONIS. | I Apollo Pocula Castalia plena mi?iistret Im- flauus aqua. | I printed at London for William Leake, dwel- ling in Paules | Churchyard at the signe of the Greyhound. | 1599. This edition was not known until 1867, when a copy of it was discovered at Lamport Hall in Northamptonshire by Mr. Charles Edmonds, who issued a fac-simile reprint of it in 1870. Of course it is not included in the collation of the Cambridge ed., which was published before the discovery f but it was evidently printed from the 3d edition. Mr. Ed- " monds says : A few corrections are introduced, but they bear no proportion to the misprints." Of the fifth edition a single copy is in existence (in the Bodleian Library), lacking the title-page, which has been restored in manuscript with the following imprint: "Lon- Printed I. H. for Iohn Harrison 1600." don by | | The I date may be right, but, according to Halliwell f and Edmonds, the publisher's name must be wrong, as Harrison had as- signed the copyright to Leake four years previous. The Cambridge editors assumed in 1866 that this edition (the 4th of their numbering) was printed from that of 1596; but it is certain, since the discovery of the 1599 ed., that it " must have been based on that. Of the text they say : It * It is omitted by Hudson in his " Harvard " ed. (see account of early eds. of V. and A. vol. xix. p. 279), published in 1881. t Outlines 0/ the Life of Shakespeare (2d ed. 1882), p. 222. INTRODUCTION. n contains many erroneous readings, due, it would seem, partly to carelessness and partly to wilful alteration, which were repeated in later eds." Two new editions were issued in 1602, and others in 1617 and 1620. In 1627, an edition (of which the only known copy is in the British Museum) was published in Edinburgh. In the Bodleian Library there is a unique copy of an edi- tion wanting the title-page but catalogued with the date 1630 ; also a copy of another edition, published in 1630 (discovered since the Cambridge ed. appeared).* A thir- teenth edition was printed in 1636, "to be sold by Francis Coules in the Old Baily without Newgate." The first edition of Lucrece was published in quarto in 1594, with the following title-page: London. Printed by Richard Field, for LVCRECE. | I Iohn Harrison, and are to be sold at the signe of the | white Greyhound in Paules Churh-yard. | 1594. The running title is "The Rape of Lvcrece." The Bod- leian Library has two copies of this edition which differ in some important readings, indicating that it was corrected while passing through the press, t A second edition appeared in 1598, a third in 1600, and a fourth in 1607, all in octavo and all "for Iohn Harrison" (or " Harison "). In 1616, the year of Shakespeare's death, the poem was reprinted with his name as " newly revised ;" but " as the readings are generally inferior to those of the earlier edi- tions, there is no reason for attaching any importance to an assertion which was merely intended to allure purchas- " ers (Camb. ed.). The title-page of this edition reads thus : ^Bibliographical Contributions, edited by J. Winsor, Librarian of Har- vard University : No. 2. Shakespeare's Poems (1879). This Bibliography of the earlier editions of the Poems contains much valuable and curious information concerning their history, the extant copies, reprints, etc. t On variations of this kind in the early editions, cf. The Two Noble Kinsmen, p. 10. : I2 SHAKESPEARE'S POEMS. r William of By | VCRECE. | | | L M THE | RAPE Reuised. : Printed by T. Shakespeare. Newly | LONDON | | Jackson, and are to be solde at his shop neere S. for Roger | Conduit in Fleet-street. 1616. the | A sixth edition, also printed for Jackson, was issued in 1624. The fifth and sixth editions differ considerably in their readings from the first four, in which there are no important variations. A Lover's Complaint was first printed, so far as we know, in the first edition of the Sonnets, which appeared in 1609. The Passionate Pilgri?n was first published in 1599, with the following title-page : Pilgrims. By Shakespeare. | W. THE PASSIONATE | I Printed for laggard, and are to be AT LONDON \ W. | I W. Leake, at the Grey- hound in Paules Church- sold by | yard. 1599. I In the middle of sheet C is a second title sundry notes of Musicke. LON- SONNETS To | AT I Printed for W. laggard, and are to be sold by W. DON | I at the Grey- hound in Paules Churchyard. Leake, | The book was reprinted in 16 12, together with some po- ems by Thomas Heywood, the whole being attributed to Shakespeare. The title at first stood thus : or Certaine THE PASSIONATE | PILGRIME. | | I Sonnets, betweene Venus and Adonis, newly Amorous | | aug- Shakespere. The third mented. | corrected and | By W. | is ad- ded two Loue-Epistles, Edition. Whereunto newly | | first to LLellen, and Hellens answere backe the from Paris | | I Paris. Printed by W. laggard. 16 12. againe to | | The Bodleian copy of this edition contains the following- " note by Malone : All the poems from Sig. D. 5 were writ- ten, by Thomas Heywood, who was so offended at Jaggard : ; INTRODUCTION. I3 for printing them under the name of Shakespeare that he has added a postscript to his Apology for Actors, 4to, 1612, on this subject ; and Jaggard in consequence of it appears to have printed a new title-page to please Heywood, with- out the name of Shakespeare in it. The former title-page was no doubt intended to be cancelled, but by some inad- vertence they were both prefixed to this copy and I have retained them as a curiosity." The corrected title-page is, except in the use of Italic and Roman letters, the same as above, omitting " By W.
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