An Empirical Investigation of Architectural Heritage Management-Implications for Tourism: the Case of Portugal

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An Empirical Investigation of Architectural Heritage Management-Implications for Tourism: the Case of Portugal An Empirical Investigation of Architectural Heritage Management-Implications for Tourism: The Case of Portugal Shahrbanoo Gholitabar Submitted to the Institute of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Tourism Management Eastern Mediterranean University January 2018 Gazimağusa, North Cyprus Approval of the Institute of Graduate Studies and Research Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ali Hakan Ulusoy Acting Director I certify that this thesis satisfies the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Tourism Management. Prof. Dr. Hasan Kılıç Dean, Faculty of Tourism We certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Tourism Management. Prof. Dr. Carlos Manuel Martins da Costa Prof. Dr. Habib Alipour Co-Supervisor Supervisor Examining Committee 1. Prof. Dr. Habib Alipour 2. Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Arasli 3. Prof. Dr. Semra Günay 4. Prof. Dr. Ige Pırnar 5. Asst. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Güven Ardahan ABSTRACT Heritage is treated as cultural part of a society’s tradition since it transmits the value of the past as history. Additionally, it is viewed a substantial asset of the cities and urban areas with potential for infrastructural enhancement, improvement of image, and highly utilized as economic resource for urban tourism. Cultural heritage has attracted the attention of tourism planners, urban planners, and historians as means to restructuring human habitat in terms of material and non-material heritage encompassing architecture, monuments, historical relics, artefacts, artistic icons, celebrations, and folklore. Now-a-days, historical buildings as part of cultural heritage, have become a significant tourism resource; therefore, numerous destinations have funded and supported their renovation and reuse. Such change in attitudes towards heritage restoration resulted in heightened awareness at state and European Community levels of the economic. Employing potential of the heritage for tourism purposes has contributed to this. The aim of this study is manifold. First, to investigate and reveal the potentials of architectural heritage in the context of tourism destination development, as well as, examination of public sector policies and plans toward the conservation and preservation of these resources. Secondly, to appraise the outcome of preservation and its implication for tourism. The study is an effort to explore and figure the outcome of interrelationships between tourism and architectural heritage sites through tourists’ image and perception. Study assumes that such multidimensional process and analysis will achieve a pathway towards the protection and reutilisation of heritage sites with positive implications for tourism sector. For the purpose of this research, numerous heritage sites are sampled in Portugal as study landscape. A mixed research method has been utilized to gauge tourists’ iii image/perception of heritage resources, reuse and impact (i.e., quantitative approach). A qualitative approach utilized to assess the priority of tourists in their visiting and the public-sector policies towardheritage resource management and planning. And Fuzzy logic method to assess the architectural value, tourism and preservation potential of historical buildings in Porto/ Aveiro. The contribution and implications of the study is also elaborated. The result revealed that architectural heritage resource is the main resource of appealing tourists. Also, the study to date demonstrate architectural value, tourism and preservation potential of observed buildings by evaluation through fuzzy logic methods. Keywords: heritage preservation and reuse, architectural heritage resources, heritage resource planning and management, tourism, case of Portugal. iv ÖZ Tarihi ve kültürel miras toplum geleneğinin kültürel bir parçası olup geçmişte yaşanan olayların değerini tarihi olarak değerlendirip aktarılmasıdır. Ayrıca, buna ek olarak, altyapı geliştirme, imajın iyileştirilmesi ve kent turizmi için ekonomik kaynak olarak yüksek oranlarda kullanılabilen kentlerin ve kentsel alanların önemli bir varlığı olarak görülmektedir. Kültürel miras, turizm planlamacılarının, kent planlamacılarının ve tarihçilerin ilgisini, mimari, anıtlar, tarihi eserler, sanatsal ikonlar, kutlamalar ve folkloru kapsayan maddi ve manevi miras açısından insan yaşam alanını yeniden yapılandırmaya yönelik araçlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kültürel mirasın parçası olan tarihi binalar önemli bir turizm kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, çok sayıda yerin, yenileme, restorasyon ve yeniden kullanımı finanse edilmiş ve desteklenmiştir. Kültürel ve tarihi miras restorasyonuna yönelik tutumlardaki bu tür değişiklikler, devlette ve Avrupa Topluluğunda ekonomik düzeyde yüksek farkındalığa neden olmuştur. Tarihi ve Kültürel Mirasın turizm amaçlı potansiyelinin kullanılması da buna katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı çok yönlüdür. Birincisi, mimari mirasın turizm bölgesi gelişimi bağlamındaki potansiyellerini araştırmak ve ortaya çıkarmak ve kamu kaynaklı politikaların incelenmesi, kaynakların korunması ve buna yönelik planlar. İkincisi, korunmanın sonucunu ve bunun turizm açısından önemini değerlendirmektir. Çalışma turistlerin imaj ve algıları ile turizm ve mimari miras alanları arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkilerin sonucunu keşfetmek ve bunları bulmak içindir. Ayrıca, bu araştırma çok boyutlu süreç ve analizin, turizm sektörü için olumlu etkileri olan miras alanlarının korunması ve yeniden kullanılmasına yönelik bir yol bulacağını varsayıyor. v Bu araştırmada, Portekiz'de çalışma arazisi olarak sayısız miras alanı örneklenmiştir. Turistlerin miras kaynakları, yeniden kullanımı ve etkisi hakkındaki imaj / algılamalarını (ör. Nicel yaklaşım) ölçmek için karışık bir araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ziyaret eden turistlerin önceliğini ve miras kaynakları yönetimi ve planlamasına yönelik kamu sektörü politikalarını değerlendirmek için niteliksel bir yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Porto / Aveiro'daki tarihi binaların mimari değerini, turizmi ve korunma potansiyelini değerlendirmek için bulanık mantık metodu kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın katkısı ve sonuçları şu şekilde gelişmiştir. Mimari miras kaynağının turistler için çekiciliğinin ana kaynağı olduğunu ortaya koydu. Ayrıca, yapılan çalışmada gözlenen binaların bulanık mantık yöntemiyle değerlendirilerek mimari değerini, turizm ve koruma potansiyelini ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mirasın korunması ve yeniden kullanımı, mimari miras kaynakları, miras kaynak planlaması ve yönetimi, Turizm, Portekiz. vi DEDICATION Dedicated in loving memory of my brother, Masoud Gholitabar who was achieved scientific preeminence over his short life. GONE BUT NOT FORGOTTEN vii ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Habib Alipour for his scientific guidance and motivating me to develop thesis and achieve my goal. I am indebted to my co-supervisor Prof. Carlos Costa for his encouragement and guidance and support throughout this research work in Portugal, no doubt, I could not have made my research without his constant nurturing and assistance. Besides, I would like to thank for his warm welcoming and provision in Aveiro university. I couldn’t express enough thanks to him for his support in accomplishing my research. Special thanks to my dear colleague Dr. Hooman Shahrasbi who stood by me in difficult situation that I have faced in my thesis process in Portugal. My dear friend Dr. Sandra Fernández forher accompany in observing buildings. All colleagues from the university of Aveiro who gave me a feeling of friendship and companionship in this hard work. Also, the people who kindly had collaborate with this work, from tourism administration, Santa Joana Museum, Melia Ria Hotel’s administrative. To all friends from EMU, Cyprus, thanks for being the important part of my life. My deep regards to my dearest in the world. My family, my mother who helped me to overcome homesickness with his loving support. Dearest Masein, Elmira & Darya whom supports brought me into the focus and move me patiently to achieve my goal. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ iii ÖZ ................................................................................................................................ v DEDICATION ........................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ........................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xvii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................. xxv 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 Research Aim ............................................................................................. 3 1.2.2
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