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La Loi De 1946 Sur Les Marques Et Technologies De Modification Des Films Cinématographiques La Ley De 1646 Sobre Marcas Y Las T

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La Loi De 1946 Sur Les Marques Et Technologies De Modification Des Films Cinématographiques La Ley De 1646 Sobre Marcas Y Las T La loi de 1946 sur les La ley de 1646 sobre marques et technologies marcas y las tecnologias de modification des films para modificar las peliculas cinématographiques cinematograficas Rapport au Sous-comité Informe al Sub-comité sobre : sur les tribunaux, tribunales propiedad la propriété intellectuelle intelectual y administración et l'administration de la justice de justicia Comité Comité sur l'ordre judiciaire sobre la orden judicial Chambre des Représentants Cámara de Representantes des Etats-Unis de Estados Unidos le 15 mars 1989 Marzo 15 de 1989 Office des brevets et des marques Oficina Département du Commerce de patentes y marcas des Etats-Unis Departamento de Comercio de Estados Unidos I. - Introduction I. - Introducción Le Sous-comité sur les tribunaux, El Sub-comité sobre : tribunales, la propriété intellectuelle et l'admi- propiedad intelectual y administra- nistration de la justice du Comité sur ción judicial del Comité sobre la l'ordre judiciaire (Subcommittee on colegiatura judicial (Subcommittee en Courts, Intellectual Property and the Courts, Intellectual Property and the Administration of justice of the Com- Administration of justice of the Com- mittee on the Judiciary) de la Cham- mittee on the Judiciary) de la Cáma- bre des Représentants des Etats-Unis ra de Representantes de Estados Uni- a chargé l'Office des brevets et des dos, ha encargado a la Oficina de marques des Etats-Unis (U.S. Patent patentes y marcas (U.S. Patent and and Trademark Office) et l'Office du Trademark Office) y, a la Oficina droit d'auteur des Etats-Unis (U.S. del derecho de autor, ambas de Esta- Copyright Office) d'examiner l'impact dos Unidos (U.S. Copyright Office), sur les consommateurs, les artistes, que analicen conjuntamente el im- les producteurs et les distributeurs de pacto que sobre los consumidores, ar- films, ainsi que d'autres parties inté- tistas, productores y distribuidores ressées, des nouvelles technologies de de películas y todas las demás partes modification des films cinématogra- interesadas, han producido las nue- phiques préexistants. Parmi les exem- vas tecnologías que en la actualidad se aplican a las películas cinemato- gráficas en blanco y negro de la pri- mera época del cine, con la intención 130 The trademark act of 1946 and thechnogies for alteration of motion pictures Report to the Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property and the Administration of Justice Committee on the Judiciary United States House of Representatives March 15, 1989 Patent and Trademark Office United States Department of Commerce I. - Introduction The Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property and the Admi- nistration of Justice of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, has requested that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the U.S. Copyright Office examine the impact of new techno- logies for the alteration of existing motion pictures on consumers, artists, producers and distributors of motion pictures, and other affected parties. Examples of these technologies include colorization of black 131 ples de ces techniques, on compte la de modificarlas. Ejemplos de las nue- colorisation des films noir et blanc, vas tecnologías son, entre otros : la contraction et l'extension de la aplicarles el color a las películas en durée des films, et le pan and scan blanco y negro, contraer y extender (1) (modification du rapport de ca- su duración y el pan and scan (1) drage). Le Sous-comité a chargé l'Of- (modificación del encuadrado). El fice du droit d'auteur de mener une Sub-comité, también le ha encargado enquête d'ensemble sur le caractère, a la Oficina del derecho de autor, l'étendue et les répercussions, pour que realice una encuesta de conjunto les créateurs et les usagers d'oeuvres sobre tres importantes puntos : el audiovisuelles, des nouvelles techno- carácter, la amplitud y las repercu- logies ; la question précise et plus siones de las nuevas tecnologías en limitée dont l'étude a été confiée à relación a los creadores y usuarios l'Office des brevets et des marques de las obras audiovisuales; otro pun- est de savoir dans quelle mesure la to más concreto que se busca aclarar loi de 1946 sur les marques (Lanham es el de conocer hasta donde se puede Act), 15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq., et plus aplicar la ley de 1946 sobre marcas particulièrement l'article 43 (a) de (Lanham Act), 15 U.S.C. 1051 y cette loi, 15 U.S.C. 1125 (a), peut sgtes., y en particular el artículo s'appliquer à la modification de films 43 (a) de la ley, 15 U.S.C. 1125 (a), cinématographiques préexistants, ef- para modificar las películas cinema- fectuée à l'aide de ces nouveaux tográficas con ayuda de los métodos moyens techniques, sans le consente- que proporcionan las nuevas tecno- ment du réalisateur principal et du logías y, para poder hacerlo, sin el scénariste principal qui ont participé consentimiento del realizador princi- à leur création. pal y del escenarista principal en Le 26 juillet 1988, l'Office des bre- cuya creación han participado. El vets et des marques des Etats-Unis a estudio de este importante punto se publié dans le Federal Register (53 le ha confiado a la Oficina de pa- FR 28048) un avis d'enquête par le- tentes y marcas. quel il sollicitait des observations El 26 de julio de 1988, esa Ofi- écrites sur les deux questions sui- cina publicó un Anuncio en el Fede- vantes : ral Register (53 FR 28048) por medio (1) Dans quelle mesure est-il del cual solicitaba que, para realizar estimé que le Lanham Act, et no- una encuesta, se le enviasen observa- tamment l'article 43 (a) de cette ciones por escrito acerca de las dos loi, peut être invoqué pour abor- preguntas siguientes : der les problèmes pouvant éven- 1) Cual es su opinión en tuellement se poser à l'occasion cuanto a que se invoque el Lan- de l'utilisation des nouvelles ham Act y, en particular, el ar- technologies de modification des tículo 43 (a) para, eventualmente, films cinématographiques pré- abordar los problemas que pue- existants, lesquelles comprennent dan surjir a causa de la tenden- notamment la colorisation, la cia a utilizar las nuevas tecno- contraction de la durée et le pan logías para modificar las pelícu- and scan ? llas cinematográficas antiguas. (2) Conviendrait-il de modifier Estas tecnologías consisten en : le Lanham Act afin de prévoir aplicarles el color, contraer su duración y en el pan and scan. 2) Cree usted que sería conve- niente modificar el Lanham Act (1) La formule « pan and scan » est uti- lisée dans un texte français, étant donné (1) La fórmula « pan and sean » ha sido qu'elle est de pratique courante dans les empleada en un texte francés por ser de milieux professionnels. práctica usual entre el medio profesional. 132 and white motion pictures, time compression and expansion, and panning and scanning. The Subcommittee asked the Copyright Office to conduct a broad-based inquiry concerning the nature, extent and effect of the new technologies on creators and users of audiovisual works; the Patent and Trademark Office was asked to study the specific, narrower question of the extent to which the Trademark Act of 1946 (Lanham Act), 15 U.S.C. 1051 et seq., and particularly section 43 (a) of the Act, 15 U.S.C. 1125 (a), may apply to use of the new technologies to alter existing motion pictures without the consent of the principal director and principal screenwriter who participated in their creation. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office published a Notice of Inquiry in the Federal Register on July 26, 1988 (53 FR 28048), soliciting written comments on the following two questions : (1) To what extent is it contemplated that the Lanham Act, and particularly section 43 (a) of the Act, may be used to address potential problems relating to the use of new technologies for the alteration of existing motion pictures, including but not limited to colorization, time compression, and panning and scanning? (2) Should the Lanham Act be amended to provide more or 133 une meilleure protection, ou une con objeto de que sea prevista protection différente de celle qui una mejor protección o una pro- existe actuellement? Si oui, tección distinta a la actual ? En quelle forme devrait prendre caso de que su respuesta sea afir- cette nouvelle législation ? Qui mativa, qué forma, según usted, devrait être protégé ? debería adoptar la nueva legis- lación y quién debe ser prote- gido ? Des observations écrites ont été Los organismos que enviaron sus reçues de la part des organismes sui- observaciones por escrito fueron los vants : Directors' Guild of America ; siguientes : Director's Guild of Ame- U.S. Trademark Association ; Color rica ; U.S. Trademark Association ; Systems Technology, Inc. ; Turner Color Systems Technology, Inc. ; Broadcasting System, Inc. ; National Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. ; Broadcasting Company, Inc. ; Natio- National Broadcasting Company, nal Association of Broadcasters, Inc. ; Inc. ; National Association of Broad- Public Advisory Committee for Tra- casters, Inc. ; Public Advisory Com- demark Affairs ; Patent Law Associa- mittee for Trademark Affaires; Pa- tion of Chicago ; Morality in Media, tent Law Association of Chicago ; Inc ; Motion Picture Association of Morality in Media, Inc. ; Motion Pic- America, Inc ; et le 11 novembre ture Association of America, Inc.; 1988, le réalisateur de films Elliot Sil- y, el 11 de noviembre de 1988, el rea- verstein a rencontré des fonctionnai- lizador cinematográfico Elliot Silver- res de l'Office des brevets et des mar- stein se reunía con funcionarios de la ques des Etats-Unis pour discuter de Oficina de patentes y marcas de Es- l'enquête et appuyer la position de tados Unidos, para discutir allí acer- la Directors' Guild of America.
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