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Studies of Geology and Hydrology in the Basin and Range Province

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Studies of Geology and Hydrology in the Basin and Range Province Studies of Geology and Hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, For Isolation of High-Level Radioactive Waste Characterization of Hie Trans-Pecos Region, Texas U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1370-B Prepared in cooperation with the States of Arizona, California^ Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah Studies of Geology and Hydrology in the Basin and Range Province, Southwestern United States, For Isolation of High-Level Radioactive Waste Characterization of the Trans-Pecos Region, Texas Edited by M.S. BEDINGER, K.A. SARGENT, and WILLIAM H. LANGER STUDIES OF GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY FOR ISOLATION OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1370-B Prepared in cooperation with the States of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Studies of geology and hydrology in the Basin and Range province, southwestern United States, for isolation of high-level radioactive waste characterization of the Trans-Pecos region, Texas. (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper ; 1370-B) "Prepared in cooperation with the States of Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, and Utah." Includes bibliographies. Supt. of Docs, no.: I 19.16:1370-8 1. Geology Trans-Pecos Region (Tex. and N.M.) 2. Geology Texas. 3. Water, Under­ ground Trans-Pecos Region (Tex. and N.M.) 4. Water, Underground Texas. 5. Radioactive waste disposal in the ground Trans-Pecos Region (Tex. and N.M.) 6. Radioactive waste disposal in the ground Texas. I. Bedinger, M.S. II. Sargent, Kenneth A. III. Longer, William H. IV. Series. QE168.T7S78 1989 557.64 86-600318 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, industry, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. WORKING GROUP AFFILIATIONS III BASIN AND RANGE PROVINCE WORKING GROUP U.S. Geological Survey Members Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of Nevada, Reno Chairman of the Province Working Group: Reno, NV M.S. Bedinger Hydrologist Alternate: Denver, CO Susan L. Tingley Deputy to the State Geologist Member: Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology K.A. Sargent University of Nevada, Reno Geologist Reno, NV Denver, CO NEW MEXICO State Members and Alternates Member: ARIZONA James M. Hill Member: Chief, Bureau of Geology Larry D. Fellows New Mexico Energy and Minerals Department State Geologist and Assistant Director Santa Fe, NM Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology Alternate: Tucson, AZ Frank E. Kottlowski Alternate: Director H. Wesley Peirce New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Principal Geologist Socorro, NM Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology Tucson, AZ TEXAS Member: CALIFORNIA Christopher D. Henry Member: Geologist Robert Streitz Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Geologist University of Texas at Austin California Division of Mines and Geology Austin, TX Sacramento, CA Alternate: Douglas Ratcliff IDAHO Associate Director Member: Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Frank B. Sherman University of Texas at Austin Chief, Ground-Water Section Austin, TX Idaho Department of Water Resources Boise, ID UTAH Alternate: Member: Darrel Clapp Genevieve Atwood Chief, Technical Services Bureau State Geologist Idaho Department of Water Resources Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Boise, ID Salt Lake City, UT Alternate: NEVADA Don R. Mabey Member: Senior Geologist John Schilling Utah Geological and Mineral Survey State Geologist Salt Lake City, UT CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ........................................... Bl Quaternary tectonism, by Christopher D. Henry, Jonathan G. Introduction, by M.S. Bedinger, K.A. Sargent, and Christopher Price, and K.A. Sargent ......................... B26 D. Henry ..................................... 2 Seismicity ...................................... 26 Background and purpose ......................... 2 Heat flow ...................................... 26 Geographic setting ............................... 2 Quaternary faulting .............................. 28 Acknowledgments ............................... 3 Vertical crustal movement ........................ 29 References cited ................................. 3 References cited ................................. 30 Geology, by Christopher D. Henry and Jonathan G. Ground-water hydrology, by M.S. Bedinger, William H. Price ......................................... 4 Langer, and J.E. Reed .......................... 31 Stratigraphy .................................... 4 Major hydrogeologic units ........................ 31 Precambrian rocks ........................... 4 Ground-water flow regime ......................... 32 Paleozoic rocks .............................. 4 Ground-water flow analysis ....................... 32 Mesozoic rocks .............................. 7 Areal ground-water flow ........................ 32 Cenozoic rocks ............................... 12 Cross-sectional models ........................ 33 Structure ....................................... 17 Quality of ground water .......................... 34 Precambrian ................................. 18 Pleistocene hydrologic conditions .................. 34 Paleozoic .................................... 19 References cited ................................. 37 Mesozoic .................................... 19 Mineral and energy resources, by Jonathan G. Price, Chris­ topher D. Henry, and B.T. Brady ................ 38 Cenozoic .................................... 19 Laramide deformation ..................... 19 Metallic mineral resources ........................ 38 Silver, lead, zinc, and copper ................... 38 Middle Tertiary volcanism ................. 20 Mercury .................................... 38 Basin and Range extension ................. 20 Molybdenum, tungsten, and tin ................ 38 References cited ................................. 21 Uranium .................................... 40 Potential host media for radioactive waste, by K.A. Other metals ................................ 41 Sargent ...................................... 23 Nonmetallic mineral resources ..................... 41 Intrusive rocks .................................. 23 Fluorspar ................................... 41 Tuffaceous rocks ................................ 23 Mica ....................................... 41 Basaltic rocks ................................... 24 Other nonmetals ............................. 41 Argillaceous rocks ............................... 24 Coal, oil, and gas resources ....................... 41 Unsaturated zone ................................ 24 Geothermal resources ............................ 41 References cited ................................. 24 References cited ................................. 42 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates are in pocket] PLATE 1. Map showing physiographic features of the Trans-Pecos region, Texas, and vicinity. 2. Map showing major tectonic elements, Trans-Pecos region, Texas, and vicinity. 3. Map showing potential host rocks and areas of thick unsaturated zones, Trans-Pecos region, Texas. 4. Map showing geothermal data and Quaternary fault scarps, Trans-Pecos region, Texas, and vicinity. 5. Map showing hydrogeologic units and relative velocities of ground water at the water table, Trans-Pecos region, Texas. 6. Map showing relative ground-water traveltimes and flow paths at the water table, and natural discharge areas, Trans- Pecos region, Texas. 7. Hydrogeologic sections showing ground-water flow paths and relative traveltime, Trans-Pecos region, Texas. Page FIGURE 1. Geographic index map of the Trans-Pecos region, Texas, and vicinity ........................................ B5 2. Generalized geologic section from Rio Grande to Sierra Diablo ............................................. 7 3. Generalized geologic section of Marathon area showing deformation associated with Ouachita-Marathon orogeny ... 8 4. Photograph of view from Texas into Mexico showing Cretaceous formations exposed in the gorge of Santa Elena Canyon 11 5. Photograph of tuffs of the Javelina Formation overlain by sediments of the Chisos Formation at Dogie Mountain . 12 6. Photograph of the Pen Formation in the Study Butte area ................................................. 13 7. Generalized geologic section from Rio Grande to Del Norte Mountains ...................................... 14 8. Photograph of the Chinati Mountains caldera ............................................................ 15 9. Photograph of the Sierra Vieja showing tuffaceous sediments and overlying volcanic flows and ash-flow tuffs ..... 16 10. Photograph of the dissected Wax Factory laccolith intruded into the Boquillas Formation in the Terlingua area ... 18 11. Map showing strain release, earthquakes of magnitude 5 or greater, and Quaternary faults ..................... 27 12. Photograph showing the trace of the Mayfield fault on the western side of Lobo Valley ........................ 28 v VI CONTENTS Page FIGURE 13. Map showing dissolved-solids concentration in ground water ............................................... B35 14. Distribution of chemical types of ground water near the water table ......................................... 36 15. Map showing mineral
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