DOCSLIB.ORG

Abstract Use of the Green Microalga Monoraphidium Sp. Dek19 to Remediate Wastewater

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abstract Use of the Green Microalga Monoraphidium Sp. Dek19 to Remediate Wastewater ABSTRACT USE OF THE GREEN MICROALGA MONORAPHIDIUM SP. DEK19 TO REMEDIATE WASTEWATER: SALINITY STRESS AND SCALING TO MESOCOSM CULTURES Anthony Robert Kephart, M.S. Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University, 2016 Gabriel Holbrook, Director The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the growth of the green microalga Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 in the context of phycoremediation under conditions representative of wastewater media of a Midwest wastewater treatment facility. Microalgae were grown in effluent collected from four different wastewater streams at the DeKalb Sanitary District (DSD), DeKalb, Illinois, USA in volumes from 1 L to 380 L. It was determined through preliminary modeling of public data that Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 will likely outcompete local heterospecifics in final effluent wastewaters at the DSD 51.8% of the year. It was also determined that neither nitrogen nor phosphorus should become a limiting nutrient throughout the year. Study of the response of Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 to salinity stress was also completed. Salt stress caused a significant increase in lipid accumulation in salt stressed cultures compared to control cultures (37.0-50.5% increase) with a reduction in biomass productivity. Increases in photosynthetic pigments per cell were seen under salt stress, though the ratio of chlorophyll a and b remained constant. Finally, nitrate uptake was not greatly affected by salinity stress except when biomass accumulation became a corollary for uptake (nitrogen saturation). Luxury uptake of phosphate was significantly affected by wastewater salinity (p<0.001). High sodium potentially interrupts phosphate stress response proteins, slowing internalization of phosphate. Phosphate removal was still possible as some protein binding proteins appear to operate independent of sodium. The effect of indole-3-acetic acid on regulation of cell division in Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 was evaluated at a range of concentrations and no significant differences were observed. A comparison of Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 growth in activated sludge, post-primary filtration, and two final wastewater streams revealed a minimum effect of biotic stressors. The microalgae also grew readily in all wastewaters, though initial population density demands are likely different for each effluent type. Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 grown at large scale revealed light availability as more important than other factors even when compared to large temperature changes (10-25 °C). Low-light growth tanks (380 L) showed significantly reduced specific growth rate though microalgae population tripled after three weeks. Dried algal tissue from 380 L tanks was extracted and used to determine neutral lipid accumulation at 6.64±0.08%. Fatty acid content was analyzed by GC- FID and found high amounts of unsaturated 18 carbon chains (18:2-18:4), more than previously shown. A comparison of oil from cells growing in 380 L and 1 L cultures showed culturing condition affected fatty acid profile. It was concluded from these data that Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 could be a useful phycoremediation tool of municipal wastewater in the upper Midwest. i NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERISTY DEKALB, ILLINOIS MAY 2016 USE OF THE GREEN MICROALGA MONORAPHIDIUM SP. DEK19 TO REMEDIATE WASTEWATER: SALINITY STRESS AND SCALING TO MESOCOSM CULTURES BY ANTHONY ROBERT KEPHART ©2016 Anthony Robert Kephart A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Thesis Director: Gabriel P. Holbrook ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank many individuals for aiding me in the completion of my project. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Gabriel Holbrook for accepting me into his lab and for all the support he has provided throughout my time at Northern Illinois University. I cannot fully express the depth of my gratitude for the opportunity he has given me. I would also like to thank my graduate committee members, Dr. W. Scott Grayburn and Dr. Neil Blackstone, for their all of their advice and review. I would like to thank my fellow graduate students, Nick Kirchner and Adam Hage, and the undergraduate researchers LeRoy Reinke and Josh Pierson, for their labor, advice, support, and friendship. I am also grateful for all of the outside personnel who aided my research including the members of the DeKalb Sanitary District, Lori Bross at the NIU Microscopy lab, Dr. Taesam Kim at the NIU Chem. Analytical lab, and Craig Shultz at the NIU PMBC greenhouse. I would like to thank the Department of Biological Sciences at Northern Illinois University for funding through a graduate assistantship. I also thank the Midwest ASPB and VentureWell for funding and presenting opportunities. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to all of my friends and family for their advice and never ending emotional support. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 Taxonomy, Morphology, and Habitat of Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 .....................1 Nutrient Requirements and Usage in Microalgae ....................................................4 Photosynthesis in Green Microalgae .......................................................................8 Lipid Synthesis in Microalgae .................................................................................9 Microalgae Global Distribution .............................................................................12 Water Treatment Regulations ................................................................................13 Water Treatment Processes at the DeKalb Sanitary District .................................15 Microalgae-Based Wastewater Treatment .............................................................16 Global Demand for Hydrocarbons and Renewable Energy ...................................17 Biofuel Sources ......................................................................................................18 Large Scale Culturing of Microalgae .....................................................................21 Chemical Stressors .................................................................................................22 Research Goals.......................................................................................................25 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................................................................26 Identification of Algal Species...............................................................................26 iv Chapter Page Storage of Microalgae Strains and Creation of Inoculum .....................................27 Midwestern Growth Conditions .............................................................................31 Effluent Collection .................................................................................................31 Culturing Conditions ..............................................................................................32 Basal Media Conditions ........................................................................................34 Absorbance Measured at 680 and 750 Nanometers ...............................................34 Cell Density ...........................................................................................................35 Cell Dry Weight .....................................................................................................35 Collection of Microalgae from Large Cultures ......................................................36 Absorption Spectra of Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 Pigments ................................37 Isolation of Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 via manipulation of growth conditions ...37 Nutrient Depletion .................................................................................................38 Nitrogen .....................................................................................................38 Phosphate ...................................................................................................39 Photosynthesis in Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 .......................................................40 Fluorescence Microscopy ......................................................................................41 Cell Imaging...............................................................................................41 Quantification with ImageJ ........................................................................42 Lipid Quantification and Analysis .........................................................................42 Colorimetric Method ..................................................................................42 Gravimetric Method ...................................................................................44 3. RESULTS ..........................................................................................................................47 v Chapter Page Growth Conditions at a Midwest Wastewater Treatment Facility.........................47 Temperature ...............................................................................................47
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abstract Evaluation of the Green Microalga
    ABSTRACT EVALUATION OF THE GREEN MICROALGA MONORAPHIDIUM SP. DEK19 GROWTH UTILIZING ETHANOL PLANT SIDE STREAMS AND POTENTIAL FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION David Michael Colson, MS Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University, 2017 Gabriel Holbrook, Director This research was conducted to evaluate the potential for growth of Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 using side streams from an ethanol plant for culture medium. Additionally, the potential of using enzymes to break down the cell wall material to release fermentable sugars and oil was examined. The ethanol streams selected were methanator influent, methanator effluent, and thin stillage. This species of microalgae has been previously studied and found to have the ability to grow in and remediate the effluent water from the DeKalb Sanitary District (DSD). The Monoraphidium sp. Dek19 was grown in various concentrations of the ethanol plant side streams concurrently with algae cultures grown in the DSD effluent. The algae cultures were grown in 250ml flasks to determine the optimal concentrations of the ethanol streams. The concentrations with the growth rate and cell counts closest to or higher than the DSD effluents were selected for further examination. These concentrations were repeated to evaluate the most optimal growth conditions using the ethanol streams in comparison to the DSD effluent grown algae. The selected growth condition for the ethanol streams was determined to be using the methanator effluent as the base water component with the thin stillage added to a 2% concentration. The 2% concentration showed an average increase in cell count to be 8.49% higher than the control cell count. The methanator influent was discarded as a base water component, as the growth of the algae was 40.18% less than that of the control.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of the Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Binding Carotenoprotein (Astap) in Scenedesmaceae
    marine drugs Article Distribution of the Water-Soluble Astaxanthin Binding Carotenoprotein (AstaP) in Scenedesmaceae Hiroki Toyoshima 1, Ami Miyata 1, Risako Yoshida 1, Taichiro Ishige 2, Shinichi Takaichi 3 and Shinji Kawasaki 1,3,* 1 Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; [email protected] (H.T.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (R.Y.) 2 NODAI Genome Research Centre, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; [email protected] 3 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-3-5477-2764 Abstract: Photooxidative stress-inducible water-soluble astaxanthin-binding proteins, designated as AstaP,were identified in two Scenedesmaceae strains, Coelastrella astaxanthina Ki-4 and Scenedesmus obtusus Oki-4N; both strains were isolated under high light conditions. These AstaPs are classified as a novel family of carotenoprotein and are useful for providing valuable astaxanthin in water-soluble form; however, the distribution of AstaP orthologs in other microalgae remains unknown. Here, we exam- ined the distribution of AstaP orthologs in the family Scenedesmaceae with two model microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella variabilis. The expression of AstaP orthologs under photooxida- Citation: Toyoshima, H.; Miyata, A.; tive stress conditions was detected in cell extracts of Scenedesmaceae strains, but not in model algal Yoshida, R.; Ishige, T.; Takaichi, S.; strains. Aqueous orange proteins produced by Scenedesmaceae strains were shown to bind astaxanthin.
    [Show full text]
  • Lateral Gene Transfer of Anion-Conducting Channelrhodopsins Between Green Algae and Giant Viruses
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.042127; this version posted April 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 5 Lateral gene transfer of anion-conducting channelrhodopsins between green algae and giant viruses Andrey Rozenberg 1,5, Johannes Oppermann 2,5, Jonas Wietek 2,3, Rodrigo Gaston Fernandez Lahore 2, Ruth-Anne Sandaa 4, Gunnar Bratbak 4, Peter Hegemann 2,6, and Oded 10 Béjà 1,6 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. 2Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, Berlin 10115, Germany. 3Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann 15 Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 5These authors contributed equally: Andrey Rozenberg, Johannes Oppermann. 6These authors jointly supervised this work: Peter Hegemann, Oded Béjà. e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] 20 ABSTRACT Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are algal light-gated ion channels widely used as optogenetic tools for manipulating neuronal activity 1,2. Four ChR families are currently known. Green algal 3–5 and cryptophyte 6 cation-conducting ChRs (CCRs), cryptophyte anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) 7, and the MerMAID ChRs 8. Here we 25 report the discovery of a new family of phylogenetically distinct ChRs encoded by marine giant viruses and acquired from their unicellular green algal prasinophyte hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Draft Genome of the Small, Spineless Green Alga
    Protist, Vol. 170, 125697, December 2019 http://www.elsevier.de/protis Published online date 25 October 2019 ORIGINAL PAPER Protist Genome Reports The Draft Genome of the Small, Spineless Green Alga Desmodesmus costato-granulatus (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta) a,b,2 a,c,2 d,e f g Sibo Wang , Linzhou Li , Yan Xu , Barbara Melkonian , Maike Lorenz , g b a,e f,1 Thomas Friedl , Morten Petersen , Sunil Kumar Sahu , Michael Melkonian , and a,b,1 Huan Liu a BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China b Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark c Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark d BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China e State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China f University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141 Essen, Germany g Department ‘Experimentelle Phykologie und Sammlung von Algenkulturen’, University of Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, 37073 Göttingen, Germany Submitted October 9, 2019; Accepted October 21, 2019 Desmodesmus costato-granulatus (Skuja) Hegewald 2000 (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyta) is a small, spineless green alga that is abundant in the freshwater phytoplankton of oligo- to eutrophic waters worldwide. It has a high lipid content and is considered for sustainable production of diverse compounds, including biofuels. Here, we report the draft whole-genome shotgun sequencing of D. costato-granulatus strain SAG 18.81. The final assembly comprises 48,879,637 bp with over 4,141 scaffolds. This whole-genome project is publicly available in the CNSA (https://db.cngb.org/cnsa/) of CNGBdb under the accession number CNP0000701.
    [Show full text]
  • First Identification of the Chlorophyte Algae Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata (Korshikov) Hindák in Lake Waters of India
    Nature Environment and Pollution Technology p-ISSN: 0972-6268 Vol. 19 No. 1 pp. 409-412 2020 An International Quarterly Scientific Journal e-ISSN: 2395-3454 Original Research Paper Open Access First Identification of the Chlorophyte Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) Hindák in Lake Waters of India Vidya Padmakumar and N. C. Tharavathy Department of Studies and Research in Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru-574199, Dakshina Kannada, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT Nat. Env. & Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com The species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata is a freshwater microalga belonging to Chlorophyceae. It is one of the best-known bio indicators in eco-toxicological research. It has been increasingly Received: 13-06-2019 prevalent in many fresh water bodies worldwide. They have been since times used in many landmark Accepted: 23-07-2019 toxicological analyses due to their ubiquitous nature and acute sensitivity to substances. During a survey Key Words: of chlorophytes in effluent impacted lakes of Attibele region of Southern Bangalore,Pseudokirchneriella Bioindicator subcapitata was identified from the samples collected from the Giddenahalli Lake as well as Zuzuvadi Ecotoxicology Lake. This is the first identification of this species in India. Analysis based on micromorphology confirmed Lakes of India the status of the organism to be Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata INTRODUCTION Classification: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was previously called as Empire: Eukaryota Selenastrum capricornatum (NIVA-CHL 1 strain). But Kingdom: Plantae according to Nygaard & Komarek et al. (1986, 1987), Subkingdom: Viridiplantae this alga does not belong to the genus Selenastrum instead to Raphidocelis (Hindak 1977) and was renamed Infrakingdom: Chlorophyta Raphidocelis subcapitata (Korshikov 1953). Hindak Phylum: Chlorophyta in 1988 made the name Kirchneriella subcapitata Subphylum: Chlorophytina Korshikov, and it was his type species of his new Genus Class: Chlorophyceae Kirchneria.
    [Show full text]
  • TRADITIONAL GENERIC CONCEPTS VERSUS 18S Rrna GENE PHYLOGENY in the GREEN ALGAL FAMILY SELENASTRACEAE (CHLOROPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA) 1
    J. Phycol. 37, 852–865 (2001) TRADITIONAL GENERIC CONCEPTS VERSUS 18S rRNA GENE PHYLOGENY IN THE GREEN ALGAL FAMILY SELENASTRACEAE (CHLOROPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA) 1 Lothar Krienitz2 Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei, D-16775 Stechlin, Neuglobsow, Germany Iana Ustinova Institut für Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie der Universität, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany Thomas Friedl Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Abteilung Experimentelle Phykologie und Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37037 Göttingen, Germany and Volker A. R. Huss Institut für Botanik und Pharmazeutische Biologie der Universität, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany Coccoid green algae of the Selenastraceae were in- few diacritic characteristics and that contain only a vestigated by means of light microscopy, TEM, and small number of species) and to reestablish “large” 18S rRNA analyses to evaluate the generic concept in genera of Selenastraceae such as Ankistrodesmus. this family. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the 18S Key index words: 18S rRNA, Ankistrodesmus, Chloro- rRNA gene sequences showed that the studied spe- phyta, Kirchneriella, Monoraphidium, molecular system- cies of autosporic Selenastraceae formed a well- atics, morphology, Podohedriella, pyrenoid, Quadrigula, resolved monophyletic clade within the DO group of Selenastraceae Chlorophyceae. Several morphological characteris- tics that are traditionally used as generic features Abbreviations: LM, light microscopy
    [Show full text]
  • Fourier Transform Infrared with Attenuated Total Reflectance Applied to the Discrimination of Freshwater Planktonic Coccoid Green Microalgae
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Fourier Transform Infrared with Attenuated Total Reflectance Applied to the Discrimination of Freshwater Planktonic Coccoid Green Microalgae Guilherme Pavan de Moraes*, Armando Augusto Henriques Vieira Laboratory of Phycology, Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Carlos (UFSCar), Sa˜o Carlos, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil *[email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Despite the recent advances on fine taxonomic discrimination in microorganisms, Citation: Moraes GPd, Vieira AAH (2014) Fourier Transform Infrared with Attenuated Total namely using molecular biology tools, some groups remain particularly problematic. Reflectance Applied to the Discrimination of Freshwater Planktonic Coccoid Green Fine taxonomy of green algae, a widely distributed group in freshwater ecosystems, Microalgae. PLoS ONE 9(12): e114458. doi:10. remains a challenge, especially for coccoid forms. In this paper, we propose the use 1371/journal.pone.0114458 of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as part of a polyphasic Editor: Heidar-Ali Tajmir-Riahi, University of Quebect at Trois-Rivieres, Canada approach to identify and classify coccoid green microalgae (mainly order Received: August 12, 2014 Sphaeropleales), using triplicated axenic cultures. The attenuated total reflectance Accepted: October 19, 2014 (ATR) technique was tested to reproducibility of IR spectra of the biological material, a primary requirement to achieve good discrimination of microalgal Published: December 26, 2014 strains. Spectral window selection was also tested, in conjunction with the first Copyright: ß 2014 Moraes, Vieira. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of derivative treatment of spectra, to determine which regions of the spectrum the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and repro- provided better separation and clustering of strains.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Algae in Britain and Ireland - Bibliography
    Freshwater algae in Britain and Ireland - Bibliography Floras, monographs, articles with records and environmental information, together with papers dealing with taxonomic/nomenclatural changes since 2003 (previous update of ‘Coded List’) as well as those helpful for identification purposes. Theses are listed only where available online and include unpublished information. Useful websites are listed at the end of the bibliography. Further links to relevant information (catalogues, websites, photocatalogues) can be found on the site managed by the British Phycological Society (http://www.brphycsoc.org/links.lasso). Abbas A, Godward MBE (1964) Cytology in relation to taxonomy in Chaetophorales. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 58: 499–597. Abbott J, Emsley F, Hick T, Stubbins J, Turner WB, West W (1886) Contributions to a fauna and flora of West Yorkshire: algae (exclusive of Diatomaceae). Transactions of the Leeds Naturalists' Club and Scientific Association 1: 69–78, pl.1. Acton E (1909) Coccomyxa subellipsoidea, a new member of the Palmellaceae. Annals of Botany 23: 537–573. Acton E (1916a) On the structure and origin of Cladophora-balls. New Phytologist 15: 1–10. Acton E (1916b) On a new penetrating alga. New Phytologist 15: 97–102. Acton E (1916c) Studies on the nuclear division in desmids. 1. Hyalotheca dissiliens (Smith) Bréb. Annals of Botany 30: 379–382. Adams J (1908) A synopsis of Irish algae, freshwater and marine. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 27B: 11–60. Ahmadjian V (1967) A guide to the algae occurring as lichen symbionts: isolation, culture, cultural physiology and identification. Phycologia 6: 127–166 Allanson BR (1973) The fine structure of the periphyton of Chara sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of a Lipid-Producing Thermotolerant Marine Photosynthetic Pico-Alga in the Genus Picochlorum (Trebouxiophyceae)
    European Journal of Phycology ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tejp20 Characterization of a lipid-producing thermotolerant marine photosynthetic pico-alga in the genus Picochlorum (Trebouxiophyceae) Maja Mucko , Judit Padisák , Marija Gligora Udovič , Tamás Pálmai , Tihana Novak , Nikola Medić , Blaženka Gašparović , Petra Peharec Štefanić , Sandi Orlić & Zrinka Ljubešić To cite this article: Maja Mucko , Judit Padisák , Marija Gligora Udovič , Tamás Pálmai , Tihana Novak , Nikola Medić , Blaženka Gašparović , Petra Peharec Štefanić , Sandi Orlić & Zrinka Ljubešić (2020): Characterization of a lipid-producing thermotolerant marine photosynthetic pico-alga in the genus Picochlorum (Trebouxiophyceae), European Journal of Phycology, DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2020.1757763 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2020.1757763 View supplementary material Published online: 11 Aug 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 11 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tejp20 British Phycological EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, 2020 Society https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2020.1757763 Understanding and using algae Characterization of a lipid-producing thermotolerant marine photosynthetic pico-alga in the genus Picochlorum (Trebouxiophyceae) Maja Muckoa, Judit Padisákb, Marija Gligora Udoviča, Tamás Pálmai b,c, Tihana Novakd, Nikola Mediće, Blaženka Gašparovićb, Petra Peharec Štefanića, Sandi Orlićd and Zrinka Ljubešić a aUniversity of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; bUniversity of Pannonia, Department of Limnology, Egyetem u. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary; cDepartment of Plant Molecular Biology, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Brunszvik u.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (1MB)
    LAMPIRAN 48 Lampiran Baku Mutu Kualitas Air Menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82 Tahun 2001 KELAS KETERANGAN PARAMETER SATUAN I II III IV Fisika deviasi deviasi deviasi deviasi Deviasi temperatur dari Tempelatur oC 3 3 3 5 keadaan almiahnya Residu Terlarut mg/ L 1000 1000 1000 2000 Bagi pengolahan air Residu minum secara mg/L 50 50 400 400 Tersuspensi konvesional, residu tersuspensi ≤ 5000 mg/ L Kimia Anorganik Apabila secara alamiah di luar rentang tersebut, pH 6-9 6-9 6-9 5-9 maka ditentukan berdasarkan kondisi alamiah BOD mg/L 2 3 6 12 COD mg/L 10 25 50 100 DO Total mg/L 6 4 3 0 Angka batas minimum Fosfat sbg P NO 3 sebagai N mg/L 10 10 20 20 NH3-N mg/L 0,5 (-) (-) (-) 49 Lampiran baku mutu air menurut Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Kep. Bangka Belitung No 4 Tahun 2004. KELAS KETERANGAN PARAMETER SATUAN I II III IV Fisika deviasi deviasi deviasi deviasi Deviasi temperatur dari Tempelatur oC 3 3 3 5 keadaan almiahnya Residu Terlarut mg/ L 1000 1000 1000 2000 Bagi pengolahan air Residu minum secara mg/L 50 50 400 400 Tersuspensi konvesional, residu tersuspensi ≤ 5000 mg/ L Kimia Anorganik Apabila secara alamiah di luar rentang tersebut, pH 6-9 5,6 - 6,5 5,6 - 6,5 4,5 - 5,5 maka ditentukan berdasarkan kondisi alamiah BOD mg/L 2 3 6 12 COD mg/L 10 25 50 100 DO Total mg/L 6 4 3 0 Angka batas minimum Fosfat sbg P NO 3 sebagai N mg/L 10 10 20 20 NH3-N mg/L 0,5 (-) (-) (-) 50 ANALISIS CURAH HUJAN BULAN JANUARI DAN FEBRARI 2017 Berdasarkan data curah hujan yang diterima dari BMKG Kepulauan Bangka Belitung maka analisis curah hujan Januari dan Februari 2017 adalah sebagai berikut: Tabel Analisis distribusi curah hujan bulan Januari 2017 CURAH HUJAN KABUPATEN / DAERAH (mm) 0 –20 - 21 –50 - 51 –100 Sebagian Kecil Kab.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Adaptations of the Green Alga Dunaliella Salina to Life Under High Salinity
    Genomic adaptations of the green alga Dunaliella salina to life under high salinity. Jürgen E.W. Polle1,2,3* Sara Calhoun3 Zaid McKie-Krisberg1,4 Simon Prochnik3,5 Peter Neofotis6 Won C. Yim7 Leyla T. Hathwaik7 Jerry Jenkins3,8 Henrik Molina9 Jakob Bunkenborg10 Igor GrigorieV3,11 Kerrie Barry3 Jeremy Schmutz3,8 EonSeon Jin12 John C. Cushman7 Jon K. Magnusson13 1Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City UniVersity of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA 2The Graduate Center of the City UniVersity of New York, New York, NY 10016 USA 3U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 4Current address: Department of Information SerVices and Technology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniVersity, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA 5Current address: MBP Titan LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA 6Current address: U.S. Department of Energy – Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniVersity, East Lansing, MI, 48824 USA 7UniVersity of NeVada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Reno, NeVada, USA 8HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, HuntsVille, Alabama, USA 9The Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller UniVersity, New York, New York, USA 10Alphalyse A/S, Odense, Denmark 11Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UniVersity of California - Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 12Department of Life Science, Hanyang UniVersity, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea 13Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA * Corresponding author: Dr. Jürgen E.W. Polle, [email protected] 1 Abstract Life in high salinity enVironments poses challenges to cells in a Variety of ways: maintenance of ion homeostasis and nutrient acquisition, often while concomitantly enduring saturating irradiances.
    [Show full text]
  • Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Korea
    ISSN 1226-9999 (print) ISSN 2287-7851 (online) Korean J. Environ. Biol. 36(3) : 277~284 (2018) https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2018.36.3.277 <Original article> Eight Taxa of Newly Recorded Species of Chlorophytes (Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) in Korea Mi Ran Kim, Jee Hwan Kim1, Do Hyun Kim and Ok Min Lee* Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea 1Bioresources Culture Collection Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea Abstract - In 2017, the freshwater algae were collected from reservoirs, small ponds, soil, and rocks in Korea. Eight taxa of Chlorophyta (Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae) have been newly reported in Korea. The unrecorded indigenous species were Chlorolobion braunii, Coelastrum pseudomicroporum, Coelastrum reticulatum var. cubanum, Monoraphidium nanum, Tetrachlorella incerta, Ecdysichlamys obliqua, Gloeotila scopulina, and Stichococcus jenerensis. Keywords : ‌Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta, newly recorded species, Trebouxiophyceae INTRODUCTION Trebouxiophyceae was first classified by Friedl (1995). He had used molecular analysis to classification of Chloro- Green algae (Chlorophyta) have a greater diversity of cel- phytes that overlapped morphologically. As a result, some lular organization, morphological structure and reproductive of the coccoid green algae were forming clade, named Tre- process than any other algae (Bold and Wynne 1978). Green bouxiophyceae. These algae live usually
    [Show full text]