CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
INSTRUCTOR: SARAH OOSTERHUIS
WEST ADA SCHOOL DISTRICT, MERIDIAN, ID
Architectural Styles Student Slides
Greek Revival High Tech International I-Style Italianate Medieval Modern GREEK REVIVAL What is Greek Revival
Popular between 1825 and 1860
Most commonly having 2 stories
Materials include wood and stone base
Popular in northeastern US and Europe
Post and lintel Background Info
The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States.
A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture. Features
Balanced symmetrically
Pedimented Gable
Heavy Cornice
Wide, plain frieze
Bold simple molding • 18th and early 19th centuries, • Northern Europe and the United States. Materials
• Stucco and wood, and occasionally stone. features
• Entry porch with columns. • Narrow windows around front door. Elements and principles
•Horizontal •Balance examples HIGH TECH BEGINNINGS THIS TYPE OF ARCHITECTURE STARTED IN THE 1970s AS A WAY TO INCORPERATE THE LATEST ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY INTO BUILDING. IT DOESN’T REALLY HAVE AN ORIGIN, AND CAN BE FOUND IN ALMOST ANY MODERN CITY AROUND THE WORLD. SUADI ARABIA IS ONE COUNTRY WITH MANY EXAMPLES. MATERIALS HIGH-TECH ARCHITECTURE MAINLY CONSITS OF GLASS, METAL, CONCRETE, AND SOME ANDVANCED PIECE OF NEW TECHNOLOGY. HOWEVER, THE DESIGNER CAN INCORPERATE THINGS SUCH AS WOOD, STONE, ETC. DESIGN HIGH-TECH ARCHITECURE CAN BE ANY NUMBER OF STORIES AND HAVE MANY DIFFERENT STYLES. OFTEN, CURVED LINES ARE USED TO GIVE THE BULIDINGS AN MORE ORGANIC/FUTURISTIC LOOK. OFTEN, HIGH-TECH BUILDINGS HAVE LARGE SMOOTH SURFACES AND A REGULAR RHYTHM. EXAMPLES
THE TORRE AGBAR (ABOVE) LLOYD‘S BUILDING (MIDDLE) AND THE SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE (RIGHT) ARE SOME EXAMPLES. INTERNATIONAL Information
• Was developed in the 1920’s and 30’s and is still popular today. • Common features: • Rectilinear forms • Light, taut plane surfaces that have been completely stripped of applied ornamentation • Open interior spaces • Common materials are glass, steel and concrete which is usually less visible. • This architectural style is used almost everywhere in the U.S. • There is no set number of floors because international style can be either a home or a skyscraper. More information
• Design Principles/Elements • Shapes/forms • Asymmetric balance • Open, uncluttered space • Emphasis • Unity • Random/Regular Rhythm • The International Style grew out of the work of a small group of brilliant and original architects in the 1920s who went on to achieve great influence in their field. These major figures included Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Germany and the United States, J.J.P. Oud in the Netherlands, Le Corbusier in France, and Richard Neutra and Philip Johnson in the United States. John F. Kennedy Airport
Toronto City Hall Georgia-Pacific Center • Flat roof • Walls are smooth and undecorated • Large windows with no decoration • Windows are usually metal casements set flush with the outside of the house • Cantilevered roofs and decks are common • Facade is asymmetrical
FEATURES Materials Most • Steel Distinctive skyscrapers are • Glass Features built in the • reinforced • Visually International concrete weightless style • Unadorned exterior • Open interior
Location • Originated in America in the 1920s • Moved to Europe International Style Architecture
• Popular 1940s to 1970s. • Most commonly used in high-rise commercial and institutional buildings • Devoid of decoration or ornamentation • Clean lines created primarily through use of concrete, steel and glass. • Stemmed from German Bauhaus, concerned with social aspects of design • American incarnation was symbol of capitalism
www.wikipedia.org Characteristics of International Style Distinctive Features
Flat Roof
Minimal Dominated by Ornamentation strong vertical and horizontal lines
Basic construction materials include stone, steel, glass©istockphoto.com I-STYLE Started in the mid 19th century
Name of the style is Fred Kniffen
Louisiana State University
HISTORY Location
Pennsylvania Principle and Elements Ohio Residential building Indiana Generally having horizontal Illinois balance and unity House Material 2 rooms wide Logs 1 room deep Wood frames 2 stories Stone or brick
DESCRIPTION Based modern house today
EXTRA INFO ITALIANATE CHARACTERISTICS
Picturesque Movement Generally has three stories Materials: Wood Clapboard or Elaborate Brick Important Features: Arched/Curved, Decorative Windows; Low Pitched Roofs w/ Elaborate Cornices; Doors w/ Large Panes of Glass Location: Eastern America Elements: Geometric Shapes, Color Principles: Balance, Unity
Italianate Architecture
• Developed about 1802 by John Nash • Developed in Great Britain with the construction of Cronkhill in Shrapshire • This style was more developed in the 1830s by Charles Barry • From the late 1840s to 1890 it achieved huge popularity in the United States, where it was promoted by the architect Alexander Jackson Davis Italianate in the U.S.
• Used as an alternative to Gothic or Greek Revival • Davis' design for Blandwood, is the oldest surviving example of Italianate architecture in the United States, constructed in 1844 • Italianate was reinterpreted again and became an indigenous style • It is distinctive by its pronounced exaggeration of many Italian Renaissance characteristics: emphatic eaves supported by corbels, low-pitched roofs barely discernible from the ground, or even flat roofs with a wide projection Italianate Buildings
• Italianate homes could be constructed with many different building materials, and the style could be adapted to modest budgets • New technologies of the Victorian era made it possible to quickly and affordably produce cast-iron and press-metal decorations • Brick and wood clapboard were the most common building materials used for Italianate homes with brick being more expensive • The ornamentation was typically wood and occasionally the brick homes had elaborate, durable cast iron window and door hoods MEDIEVAL Era and Materials
Medieval/ Middle Ages
500 AD – 1500
Stone
Cob- Clay based stone
Straw
Logs and Lumber
Marble and Granite Number of Stories and Location
No set average stories
Buildings could range from 50 stories (160 meters) to just one story (3.3 meters)
Europe
Concentrated most in central Europe Features
Tall Designs
Pointed Arches
Vaulted Ceiling
Gargoyles Design Elements and Principals
Vertical - tall, vertical lines
All Shapes - very detailed and designed architecture with many figures
Busy - cramped, statues and designs
Rough - rough stone and sculptures
Horizontal balance - parts on left and right of many buildings are equal
Regular rhythm - repeated designs
Unity MODERN Details
•Began in early 1900’s and continues today
•Number of stories depends on use
•Use a blend of old and new materials
•Located mostly in America and Europe
•Lots of space and linear design
Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers Examples and Features
Windows as design
Very linear design Large outdoor area BASICS
• Era: 20th century started with concepts. Those concepts became a reality in the 21st century. • Typically 1-2 stories depending on the preference, most often 2 stories though. • Materials used are wood, glass, and a variety of concretes, along with steel and other metals. FEATURES
• Modern architecture has sharp angles and very strict sharp usually box like. • Locations are all around the world as modern architecture becomes more prominent in homes. L.A. California is showing many examples of it in new establishments. DESIGN ELEMENTS
Modern architecture • The shapes and designs push the separates from traditional forms of boundaries and there is always architecture and pushes architects something new to try. imagination to their limits.