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A History of the People of the United States, from the Revolution to The h\im \1?>\1\"! fflatuell Uttivetjsiitg pibtarj GoLDWiN Smith Hall FROM THE FUND GIVEN BY OSoIdtoin Smith 1909 "'"""'' R 301.M16T883 ''"""^^ V.8 P^°P'« '•'e '^iiSm.K™ I"® °' United St 3 1924 014 712 289 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis bool< is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924014712289 A HISTORY OF THS PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE CIVIL WAR. BY JOHN BACH McMASTER, TOtlTBBSITT OF PEOTJSTLVANIA. IN EIGHT VOLUMES VOLUME VIIL 1850-1861. NEW YORK AND LONDON: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 1926 JOHN BACH MoMASTEB £ 3ol Printed in the United ^%&\e& of America .' SIM I So tl)e gtcmorg of 4 00]STENTS OF YOLUME YIH CHAPTER LXXXVI. THE UNION IN DANQEB. PAGB South Carolina on Wilmot Proviso 1 Eastern States on Wilmot Proviso 2 Folk on New Mexico and California 2, 3 Anti-slavery resolutions 3 Calhoun's address ... 3, New Hampshire, Florida, New York on extension of slavery . 4 Attempt to extend the Constitution 5 Webster and Calhoun on extending the Constitution .... 6 Missouri on Wilmot Proviso 7 Benton on disunion 8 Nashville convention called 9 Struggle over Speakership 9, 10 The President's message 10, 11 Taylor questioned 11 The President's plan 11, 12 Clay's compromise 13 Objections to the scheme 14 Demands of the South 15 Bell's compromise scheme 16 Delegates to Nashville convention 17, 18 Union Meetings 19 Calhoun's 4th of March speech 20, 21 Webster urged to speak 22 The 7th of March speech 23-25 Webster denoimced 26, 27 Seward's "higher law" 28 Seward ridiculed 29 The Select Committee of Thirteen 30 Mason's Fugitive Slave bill 31 Report of Committee of Thirteen 32 The "Omnibus BiU" 32 V Vi CONTENTS. PAGE Opposition to the bill 33 Popular support of the compromise 34 Indifference to the Nashville convention 35 Election of delegates 36 Action of the convention 37 Death of Taylor 38 Career of Fillmore 38, 39 Fate of the "Omnibus Bill" 39,40 Action of the Southern members 41 Texas, New Mexico, California, Utah 42 Popular rejoicings 43 The Fugitive Slave act 44 Alarm of the free negroes 45 Fugitive Slave act denounced 46, 47 The compromise in the South 48 No trade with the North 49 Secession movement 50 Adjourned meeting of the Nashville convention 52 The struggle in Mississippi 52 North Carolina on secession 53 Clay's manifesto 53 Slave rescue in Boston 53, 54 Christiana riot 64 Southern Whigs on sefcession 54, 55 South Carolina on secession 55 CHAPTER LXXXVII. SOCIAL FERMENT. California a State 56 Rush to the gold fields 57 Overland emigration, 1850 58, 59 San Francisco, 1850 59 Population of Cahfomia 60 Hatred of ahens 60 Foreign Miner's License Taix 61 Aliens driven from the diggings 61 Chinese welcomed 62 Opposition to Chinese 63 Chinese defend themselves 64 Overland emigration, 1851, 1852 64, 65 Number of emigrants 65 Mormons resist federal officials 66 Mormon emigrants 67 Distribution of population, 1850 68 CONTENTS. vii PAGE Aliens in the cities 68 69 Municipal projslems .... 69 Police . '.'........... 70 69, Volunteer firemen 70 Omnibuses and horse cars 71 72 Struggle for a Broadway railway 72, 73 Negroes in the horse cars 74 Socialism 74, 75 New York Militia 75, 76 The "foreign press" 76 Anti-Catholic movement 76, 77 Anti-Catholic riot 78 Gavazzi ... 78, 79 Bedini .....'.' 79,80 Bedini riot at Cincinnati 80 The street preachers in Cincinnati 81 In Baltimore 81, 82 In New York 82 Know Nothings protect the preachers 83 Rise of the Know Nothings 83, 84 Nativist orders 84 Principles of the Eiiow Nothings 85 Organization of the Know Nothings 85 The Wide Awakes/ .'.'.[ 86 Angel Gabriel in New York 86,87 In Massachusetts ._ 87 Native American riots . 87,88 Railroads in 1849 ' 88 Raihoad extension, 1850 88 Land grants to railroads 89 Mileage in 1851 ..... 89 Western railroads 90 East and West joined 91 Cause of the Erie war . 92 Tracks torn up at Erie. 92, 93 The war denounced 94 Railroads at Chicago 94 Proposed road to the Pacific 95 Sectional jealousy over route 95, 96 Average fare per mile 96 Pay of laborers 97 The ten-hour day . 97, 98 Strikes for a ten-hour day 98,99 Labor movement in New England 99 Conditions in the mills 100 The New Hampshire act 101 Viii CONTENTS. PAOI! The Pennsylvania act 102 Co-operation 103 Strikes in New York 104 Massachusetts report on hours 105 New Jersey establishes ten-hour day 106 Labor platform in Philadelphia 106 In Boston 107 Homestead act demanded 107 Act passes House of Representatives 108 Arguments against 108, 109 Act lost in the Senate 109 Depreciation of gold 109 Strikes for higher wages 110 Rise in the cost of living Ill Postage stamps introduced ........ 112, 113 Demands for lower postage 113, 114 Postal rates lowered 114 Three-cent piece coined 114 Abolition of hanging 115 New State constitutions 115, 116 Woman's Rights movement 116, 117 Rights demanded 117, 118 Woman's Rights conventions 119, 120 Mrs. Bloomer 121 Bloomerism 121, 122 The Fox sisters 122 Rochester knockings 123 Spiritualism 123, 124 Some results of the craze 125 Temperance movement 126 Maine liquor law 126, 127 Demand for Maine law in New England 127, 128 In New York and Pennsylvania 129 Declared unconstitutional in the West 130 In the East 131 Contest in New York 132 CHAPTER LXXXVIII. INTERNATIONAL ENTANGLEMENTS. Revolutions in Europe, 1848 133 NarcisBO Lopez 133 Revolutionary movement in Cuba 134 Offer to buy Cuba 134 Filibusters at Round Island 135 Lopez offers command to Quitman 135 CONTENTS. I35 PAOB Filibusters leave New Orleans 136 Trial of the filibusters 137 Command offered Davis and Lee . 138 Enlistment of filibusters 138, 139 Filibusters leave New Orleans 139 Defeat and death of Lopez 140 Riot in New Orleans 140 Spain demands apology 141 Reply of Webster 141, 142 Great Britain and France will prevent filibustering .... 142 Reply of the United States 142 Explanation of France and Great Britain 143 Louis Kossuth and the Hungarian Revolution 143 Sympathy for Himgary 144 Instructions to Mann 144 Russia intervenes 144, 145 Excitement in Congress .... 145 Offer to bring Kossuth to America 146 Hiilsemann protests 146 Webster's reply 147 Kossuth brought to Gibraltar 147 Reception in New York 148, 149 Hiilsemann protests 149 The press on Kossuth 150 Kossuth asks for intervention 151 Kossuth at Baltimore 151 At Washington 152 Webster's toast 152 Kossuth in the West 153 Alabama and Georgia on intervention 154 States extend a welcome 155 Kossuth in the East 156 Sails for Great Britain 157 The fisheries 158 Trouble over the fisheries 159 Excitement in New England 160 The Crescent City affair 162, 163 Senate resolutions on foreign relations 164 Meaning of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty 165 CHAPTER LXXXLX. THE PASSING OP THE WHiaS. Democratic candidates for the Presidency 166 Democratic convention 167, 168 Whig convention 169 , CONTENTS. FAQE Scott and Graham. 170 Franklin Pierce . 170, 171 Webster offended . 171, 172 Revolt against Scott . 172 Nativism of Scptt . 173 Pierce and the Catholics . 174 Scott's campaigning tour . 176 Campaign arguments . 176 Douglas on expansion . 177 The Free Democracy . 178 More candidates . 178 Defeat of Scott . 179 Democratic rejoicings 180, 181 Democratic policy. 181 Martin Koszta, 181, 182 Cuban policy of Pierce . 183 Black Warrior affair . 184 Ostend manifesto . 184, 185 Opening of Japan . 186, 187 Treaty with Japan . 188 Walker in Nicaragua . 189 Walker driven out . 190 The Qadsden Treaty . 191 CHAPTER XC. -/ REPEAL OF THE- MISBOUKI COMPROMISE. The Indian country 192 Nebraska. , 193 Douglas' bill to organize 194 Was the Missouri compromise repealed? 195 Kansas-Nebraska bill 196 Appeal of Anti-Nebraskans 197, 198 Debate of the Senate 199 Passed by the Senate 200 Opposition froin Northern States 201 Squatters enter Nebraska 202 New England Emigrant Aid Society 202,203 Northern press opposes the biU 203 Southern indifference 204 The struggle in the House 204, 205 The House passes the biU 205 The South indifferent 206 Attempted rescue of Burns 207 Douglas burned in eflBgy 208 CONTENTS. xi PAGE Rise of the Republican party 209, 210 Work of the Know Nothings ........ 211, 212 Know Nothings' success 213, 214 Rush to Kansas 215 Missouriajis act 216 Defensive associations 217 Leavenworth founded 218 Emigrant. Aid Societies 219 Lawrence founded 219 Emigration to Kansas 220 Election of delegate 221 Missourians invade Kansas , 221, 222 Election of the legislature , 222, 223 Election frauds 223 Mob violence 224 Reader and Pierce 225 Meeting of the legislature - 225, 226 Removal to Shawnee Mission 226 Work of the legislature , , 226, 227 Topeka constitution 227 Know Nothing platform 227, 228 The party-split 228 Councils bolt the party 228, 229 Fusion movement . 229, 230 Banks elected Speaker . j 230 Americans nominate PUlmore 230 RepubUcan conventionat Pittsburg 230, 231 CHAPTER XCI. BLEEDING KANSAS. Free State nominations in Kansas 232 Message of Pierce 233 Aid to Kansas 233 Free State legislature meets- . 234 House of Representatives sends committee to Kansas .... 234 Free State men arrested . i * 235 Judge Leeompte to a jury i . 236 . 237 Free State leaders indicted . i ....... March on Lawrence 238 Southern aid to Kansas 239 Buford's expedition 240,241 Border RuflBans before Lawrence 242 Sack of Lawrence . i . ^ 243 Sumner assaulted . ••_..• 244 Action of House and Senate ' f .-W' • 245 Kii CONTENTS. FAGB Aid for Kansas u 246 Democratic convention 246 Democratic platform 247 Buchanan and Breckinridge 248 North American convention 249 Convention split .
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