1. Arts and Crafts Period Style 1837-1901 List Period Design Styles Page 1 of 2 pages The Arts and Crafts movement fostered a return to handcrafted individually. It included both artisans, architects and designers. “Ruskin rejected the mercantile economy and pointed toward the union of art and labor in service to society. . .” 2

Alma-Tadema Edward Burne-Jones, Charles Rennie Mackintosh William Morris Dante Gabriel Rossetti

2 1880-1914 Art Nouveau is an international style of art, and design that, like the Arts and Crafts movement, was reacting to the mechanical impact of the Industrial Revolution. “A style in art, manifested in painting, sculpture, printmaking, architecture, and decorative design . . . Among its principle characteristics were a cursive, expressive line with flowing, swelling reverse curves . . . Interlaced patterns, and the whiplash curve. In decoration, plant and flower motifs abounded..”1

Aubrey Beardsley Gustav Klimt Charles Rennie Mackintosh Louis Comfort Tiffany Peter Behrens Antoni Gaudi Hector Guimard

3 French Cubist & Italian Futurist Styles 1907-1920 and are early 20th Century revolutionary European art movements. In Analytical Cubism (the early Cubist style). . . objects were increasingly broken down and “analyzed” through such means as simultaneous rendition, the presentation of several aspects of an object at once.1 Futurism was aggressively dynamic, expressing movement and encompassing time as well as space; it was particularly concerned with mechanization and speed.

French Cubist Artists (born Spain/lived in , Fr) Georges Braque Italian Futurist Artists Giacomo Balla Umberto Boccioni

4 Bauhaus Style 1919-1933 Citations German school of architecture and industrial arts. Founded by the architect Walter 1 A Dictionary of Art Terms & Gropius in 1919. The Bauhaus attempted to achieve a reconciliation between the aesthetics Techniques of design and the commercial demands of industrial mass production. An important Bauhaus concept: “Form follows function” Ralph Mayer HarperCollins Publishers Josef Albers. ISBN-10: 0064635317 Marcel Breuer ISBN-13: 978-0064635318 Walter Adolph Gropius 2 A History of Graphic Design Marcel Breuer László Moholy-Nagy William N. Meggs John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN-10: 0471291986 ISBN-13: 978-0471291985 5 1920s-1930s List Period Design Styles Page 2 of 2 pages A decorative and architectural style characterized by geometric designs, bold colors, and the use of plastic and glass. 1 “It signified a major aesthetic sensibility in graphics, architecture, and product design during the decades between the two world wars. . . Streamlining, zigzag, moderne, and decorative geometry.” 2

Rene Lalique Cassandre William Van Alen Erte Tamara de Lempicka

6. American Cubist Style Artists 1920-1940 These artists were the forerunners of the modern style in United States. All were very influenced by the European world of art, especially Pablo Picasso and other Cubist artists. Their work, both paintings and sculptures, is characterized by a strong emphasis on geometric, formal structure.1

John Marin Max Weber Stanton MacDonald-Wright Marsden Hartley Stuart Davis Alexander Calder David Smith

7 American Regionalist Styles 1930-1935 In art, regionalism is a realist modern American art movement. The style of these artists can be characterized by their interest in rural American life style. Artists shunned the city and rapidly developing technological advances to focus on scenes of rural life. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, Regionalist art was widely appreciated for its reassuring images of the American heartland. 1 Several of these artists were influenced by European French Cubist Style and American Indian Arts and Crafts.

Grant Woods Joseph Stella Charles Sheeler Georgia O’Keeffe Arthur Dove Thomas Hart Benton

8 1960 A style derived in the main from commercial art forms and characterized by outsized Citations replicas of items of mass cultures such as comic-strip panels, popular foods, and brand- name packages. 1 1 A Dictionary of Art Terms & Pop Art has started in England in late 50’s and grown in United States in early 60’s. Techniques Ralph Mayer British Pop Artists HarperCollins Publishers Eduardo Paolozzi ISBN-10: 0064635317 Peter Blake Richard Hamilton ISBN-13: 978-0064635318 American Pop Artists 2 A History of Graphic Design Keith Haring William N. Meggs Roy Lichtenstein John Wiley & Sons Inc. Claes Oldenburg ISBN-10: 0471291986 Andy Warhol Tom Wesselmann ISBN-13: 978-0471291985