Hudson Bay Railway North, Just Beyond the Settlement of Gillam, with Responsibility for All Assets, Infrastructure Sold the Former CN Sherridon Subdivision, Manitoba
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE AS PUBLISHED IN The Journal October 2019 Volume 137 Part 4 If you would like to reproduce this article, please contact: Kerrie Illsley JOURNAL PRODUCTION EDITOR Permanent Way Institution [email protected] PLEASE NOTE THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED IN THIS JOURNAL ARE NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF THE EDITOR OR OF THE INSTITUTION AS A BODY. TECHNICAL AUTHOR: What in Phil Kirkland PWI Vice President for England the world…? (North) An occasional look at some significant rail infrastructure developments overseas with the intention of ‘inspiring and exciting’ both today’s and tomorrow’s railway infrastructure engineers. Hudson Bay has a polar climate being one towns or cities, with Thompson, approximately Hudson Bay of the few places in the world where this 400 km, (250 mi), to the south, being the type of climate is found south of 60° N. From closest larger settlement. Manitoba’s provincial Arviat, Nunavut to the west, to the south and capital, Winnipeg, is approximately 1,000 km, Railway southeast prevails the subarctic climate. The (620 mi), south of Churchill. Much of the land average annual temperature in almost the surrounding Churchill and towards Thompson entire bay is around 0° C or below. Water and Winnipeg comprises Tundra and Muskeg INTRODUCTION temperature peaks at 8–9° C, (46–48° F), on swamp. the western side of the bay in late summer. The remote areas of Northern Manitoba It is largely frozen over from mid-December Originally, the Hudson Bay port where the rail reaching up to Hudson Bay in Canada have to mid-June when it usually clears from its line was to terminate was to have been Port seen some significant and rather amazing eastern end, westwards and southwards. Nelson, at the mouth of the Nelson River, railway activity in recent years: A steady increase in regional temperatures which drains Lake Winnipeg. During World over the last 100 years has been reflected War One the construction of the rail line was • The disposal of nationalised assets to a in a lengthening of the ice-free period which suspended to divert resources to the war private company had been as short as four months in the late effort. When construction was recommenced, • The wrath of mother nature in destroying 17th century. Churchill is along the Hudson the decision was made that maintaining a port the main rail link to some particularly Bay at the mouth of the Churchill River on the on the Nelson River would have too many remote locations 58th parallel north far above most Canadian ongoing expenses, and that the port should • The unwillingness of the private sector populated areas. Churchill is far from any other be relocated to the mouth of the Churchill to recognise and accept any social responsibility • The struggle to obtain national government support • The impounding of rolling stock by local government • Success through coordinated lobbying • Well executed rail engineering recovery works • The establishment of a community railway operation. BACKGROUND On Tuesday 2nd August 1932, the steamship ‘Pennyworth’ of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, (Yes, we Geordies are both adventurous and well-travelled!), set sail from the port of Antwerp in Belgium and began a voyage that was to open up a new seaport in the barren, northern lands of Canada. A journey which was hitherto unknown, and which would have a major impact upon the development of the fledgling Canadian Churchill station, Manitoba with the port facilities and Hudson Bay in the economy at that time. background. Image: The Canadian Press 62 TECHNICAL Map courtesy of Arctic Gateway Group LP River. The Nelson River has a greater volume company OmniTRAX of Denver, Colorado, passenger rail operator, also uses HBRY of flow, and contains more silt, a channel USA in July 1997. This was to facilitate the tracks to operate its passenger train service several miles long would have to be regularly purchase of the former Canadian National between The Pas and Churchill. dredged. In addition, the river’s mouth was Railway, (CN), rail lines running north from wide, and shallow. The Churchill River’s The Pas on two branches; one to Flin Flon THE KEEWATIN RAILWAY mouth was deeper, clearer, and required less and on to Lynn Lake, the other to Thompson COMPANY on-going dredging. This change of port is and on to the Port of Churchill on Hudson the reason the rail line turns almost directly Bay. Operations began on August 20, 1997, On April 1, 2006, the Hudson Bay Railway north, just beyond the settlement of Gillam, with responsibility for all assets, infrastructure sold the former CN Sherridon Subdivision, Manitoba. The Hudson Bay Railway was built inspection, maintenance and renewals and between Sheritt Junction and Lynn Lake, to starting in the early 1900s under Canadian train operations. the three First Nation native tribes in the area, Northern Railway before being taken over by who now own and operate the railway, running the Government of Canada and completed in At the same time, OmniTRAX also took twice-weekly mixed, (passenger plus freight), 1929. The lines were under the jurisdiction of over the operation and marketing of the trains. The Keewatin Railway diverges from the nationalised operator Canadian National Port of Churchill from Transport Canada. the Hudson Bay railway at The Pas, Manitoba, Railway, (CN), from 1929-1997 before being Previous owner CN had limited the allowable (see map). sold to OmniTRAX, a private rail company tonnage and axle weights to operate on based in Denver, Colorado, USA. the lines, claiming a combination of lighter The Keewatin Railway Company is the rail weight, (100lb FB), and poor track First Nations-owned short line railroad that OmniTRAX Inc. is a transportation and formation / subgrade. However, the HBRY operates in Northern Manitoba, between The transportation infrastructure holding company took an alternative view and has been able Pas, and Pukatawagan. This is Canada’s based in Denver, Colorado, in the United to successfully operate heavier rail cars and second First Nations railway, the first being States. It primarily owns and operates longer trains in recent years without difficulty, Labrador and Northern Quebec’s Tshiuetin Rail railroads, with a network of 21 regional and resulting in increased business to the Port of Transportation. short line railroads in 12 US states and 3 Churchill and from various mines and pulp Canadian provinces. It is one of the largest mills. The railway company currently operates and privately owned railroad companies in the maintains the line formerly owned by Hudson United States. The firm also invests in, HBRY is a vital transportation link in northern Bay Railway, and used by Via Rail passenger develops and operates ports, multimodal Manitoba, hauling ores and concentrates, trains. This passenger service continues under transportation terminals, and industrial copper, zinc, logs, craft paper, lumber, and a new operating agreement between Keewatin parks. Hudson Bay Railway, (HBRY), is the petroleum products. Major freight customers Railway Company and Via Rail Canada, which Canadian short line railway operating over for HBRY include HudBay Minerals, Tolko, still operates twice-weekly passenger trains, 1,300 kilometres, (810 mi), of track in north Vale, Gardwine North, Stittco Energy, Farmers (Numbers 290/291). Uniquely, these are mixed eastern Saskatchewan and northern Manitoba. of North America, and the Canadian Wheat trains. HBRY was formed by private railroad holding Board. Via Rail Canada, The state-owned Keewatin Railway Company – mixed train (left) Kershaw ballast regulator (right) (Images: Keewatin Railway Company) 63 TECHNICAL Aerial view of 200 year flooding, Manitoba (left). Typical trackbed washout (right). Images: OmniTRAX Inc. Typical culvert works and Geocell earthworks stabilisation. Images: Paradox Access Inc. But let’s get back to the Hudson Bay Railway. Holdings and Regina-based grains company 2017 WASHOUTS In August 2018 after lengthy disagreements AGT Food and Ingredients. The map below and litigations played out both in court depicts the ready world import/export markets On May 23rd, 2017, communities across rooms and in public, the line and port was available to Canada via the Port of Churchill. Northern Manitoba, including the northern eventually sold by OmniTRAX to the Arctic community of Churchill, received the news that Gateway Group. Arctic Gateway Group LP is 2005 WASHOUT would shape their lives for the next 18 months. a public-private partnership formed to own Sections of the Hudson Bay Railway, the only and operate the Port of Churchill and the On July 27, 2005, heavy rains washed out dryland link to the rest of Canada, had been Hudson Bay Railway, which connects The part of the railway between The Pas and washed out by the spring flood, and nobody Pas to Churchill, Manitoba. The 50% public Pukatawagan; all HBRY services over the line, was coming to fix them. The communities in share of the partnership is Missinippi Rail LP, a including Via Rail trains 690 and 691, were the North, totalling about 30,000 people, faced consortium of northern Manitoba First Nations immediately suspended while emergency a severe uphill battle. The loss of the railway and local governments, with the private share repairs took place. Service was restored on link meant the loss of a lot of things: passenger split between Toronto-based Fairfax Financial August 2, 2005. rail service on Via Rail; freight shipping for vital 64 TECHNICAL Extensive flooding and washout HBRY, Manitoba (left). VIA Rail train stranded at Churchill station (right) Images: OmniTRAX Inc. commodities, including consumer supplies, kilometres north of Winnipeg. The railway After months of wrangling the train was lumber, tools and other essential goods; owners were severely criticised for taking a recovered by ship via the port of Churchill even access to groceries that shipped in on singularly commercial view of the issue, and The Canadian Transportation Agency ruled the rails.