1 a Description of Figurative Language Used in Queen's

Home , Am I Dreaming, Fandango (game show), My Trigger, Nothing Really Matters, Rock Hard, Rock You

A DESCRIPTION OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN QUEEN’S BEST OF ALBUM

A PAPER

WRITTEN

NADYA BRE NININA PINEM

REG. NO 162202010

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

MEDAN

2019

Universitas Sumatera Utara

Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, NADYA BRE NININA PINEM, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award or another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

Date :

i Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : NADYA BRE NININA PINEM

Title of Paper : A DESCRIPTION OF FIGURATIVE

LANGUAGE USED IN QUEEN’S BEST OF

ALBUM

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Cultural studies, USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

Date :

ii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT

This paper is entitled A Description of Figurative Language used in Queen’s Best of Album. The paper discusses the types of figurative language that exist in the song lyrics of Queen‟s Best of Album. The purpose of this paper is to find out the types of the figurative language and also the dominant type of figurative language. In writing this paper, the writer conducts a library research, collecting data and information from some books and internet. The writer collects data figurative language from the lyrics of Queen‟s song, select figurative language in the song lyrics, classify the figurative language then interpret the figurative language. Based on the results of the analysis, the writer finds 19 data that use figurative language consisting seven times of hyperbole, five times of repetition, triple times of simile, triple times of metaphor and one time personification. It seems this is style of the author in making a song, he wants to deliver the message through the song lyrics. That is why the writer thinks it is very important for the English students who interested in literature and figurative language. The results of the analysis also show that hyperbole and repetition are the dominant figurative type of language that appears in Queen‟s Best of Album song lyrics.

Keywords : Figurative Language, Queen, Hyperbole

iii Universitas Sumatera Utara

ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini berjudul A Description of Figurative Language used in Queen’s Best of Album. Ini membahas jenis bahasa kiasan yang terdapat dalam beberapa lirik lagu dari album terbaik oleh Queen. Tujuan makalah ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis bahasa kiasan dan juga jenis bahasa kiasan yang dominan. Dalam menulis makalah ini, penulis melakukan penelitian pustaka, mengumpulkan data dan informasi dari beberapa buku dan internet. Penulis mengumpulkan data bahasa kiasan dari lirik lagu Queen, memilih bahasa kiasan dalam lirik lagu, mengklasifikasikan bahasa kiasan kemudian menafsirkan bahasa kiasan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penulis menemukan 19 data penggunaan bahasa kiasan yang terdiri dari tujuh hiperbola, lima repetisi, tiga simile, dan tiga metafora dan satu personifikasi. Sepertinya ini adalah gaya penulis dalam membuat sebuah lagu, dia ingin menyampaikan pesan melalui lirik lagu. Ini adalah kenapa penulis berpikir ini sangat penting untuk mahasiswa bahasa inggris yang tertarik dalam kesusasteraan dan bahasa kiasan. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa hiperbola dan repetisi adalah jenis bahasa paling figuratif yang muncul dalam lirik lagu dari album terbaik oleh Queen.

Keywords : Bahasa Kiasan, Queen, Hiperbola

iv Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank to God, for all the blessings and give me health, strength, and capability to finish this paper as my last assignment to finish my study at English Diploma III Department, University of North Sumatera.

Then I would like to express a deep gratitude, love, and a appreciation to the dean Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S and the head of

Diploma III English Study Program and my supervisor too , Dra. Swesana

Mardia Lubis.M.Hum who gives me a lot of knowledge, her time, advice, availability to correct this paper during the process of writing and i say thanks to my supervisor.

I also wish to thank all of the Lectures in English Diploma Study

Program for giving me in instruction, and knowledge.

And then I would like to say thank to my lovely family especially to my beloved parents and all my relatives who have given me their support, advice, and prayer, so that I could accomplish my study on time. Thank you for all your motivation and loves. I present this paper for you.

Thank you to my beloved brother Jordan Pinem. Thank you for supporting me to finish this paper.

I would like to say thank you to Freddie Mercury, Brian May, John

Deacon, and Roger Taylor for inspiring me and that i can‟t mention more to support me to finish this paper and i will always remember them as my inspiration.

v Universitas Sumatera Utara Thanks to my dearest friend in English Diploma 2016, Mouza Rizizka,

Ichsan Bagas, Titania Alviona, Sarah Matondang, and also to Windy

Aprillya. Thank you for your support, cares, and others things that help me to complete this paper. Days in campus can be so empty without them. Thank you for the nice friendship during our study. I will be missing the days we spent together.

I would like to say thank you to Mayavita Purba and Satria Girsang for all their support all this time.

I also want to express my appreciation to Albert Sidauruk, Putra

Naibaho, David Vincent, and Tulus Martua who always turn on the atmosphere at campus with their jokes and make me laugh with their jokes.

I would like to say thank you to all my friends in Diploma III English

Study Program/Solidas 2016. Thank you for your support that help me to complete this paper. I will be missing you all.

My gratitude also goes to all my friends in Girl Gang Ambassador, who always supporting me to finished my paper as soon as possible.

And i would like to say thanks to all my friends in Education Holiday

Goes to Sydney 2016, who always be a good listener for every problem i faced, especially when i need an advice for this paper.

I would like to say to my friends in Lambe Group Alia Fira, Naqiriziani,

Annisa Mutia, Bella Namira, Lea Farissa, and Nabila Fahma. I really thank you for your support, pray, love, and for all the happiness we shared together.

vi Universitas Sumatera Utara To my close friends Imelda Clara, Wessy Seftrina, and Nathasia

Parhusip thankyou for helping me and supporting me to do my paper.

To my senior high school friends Ajeng Daviana, Sylvia Riza, Raissa

Ariany, Hikmah Fauziah, Kinski Naibaho, Musfirah, Shahnaz and Vidya

Nasution thank you for always supporting me.

Finally, I do realise that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore

I welcome any constructive criticism and suggestions towards this paper.

Hopefully this paper can inspire and give knowledge for anyone in the future.

The Writer

Nadya Bre Ninina Pinem

Reg. 162202010

vii Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... ii ABSTRACT ...... iii ABSTRAK ...... iv ACKNOWLEGEMENTS...... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... viii 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1. 1 Background of the Study ...... 1 1. 2 Problem of the Study ...... 5 1. 3 Objective of the Study ...... 5 1. 4 Scope of the Study ...... 5 1. 5 Significance of the Study ...... 6 1. 6 Method of the Study ...... 6

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 7 2. 1 Semantics ...... 7 2. 2 Figurative Language ...... 8 2. 3 Types of Figurative Language ...... 9 2. 3.1 Metaphor ...... 9 2. 3.2 Hyperbole ...... 11 2. 3.3 Personification...... 11 2. 3.4 Simile ...... 12 2. 3.5 Repetition ...... 13 2. 4 Song...... 14 2. 5 Lyrics...... 16

3. DESCRIPTION OF PAPER TOPIC ...... 18 3.1 Metaphor ...... 18 3.1 Hyperbole ...... 18 3.1 Personification ...... 20 3.1 Simile ...... 21 3.1 Repetition ...... 22 3.1 The Result of Analysis ...... 23

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 25 4.1 Conclusion ...... 25 4.2 Suggestion ...... 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 27 APPENDIX A. Biography of Queen B. Song Lyrics of Queen

viii Universitas Sumatera Utara 1.INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

As social being, human beings need to interact and communicate with

each other through medium language. Language is a very important thing in

our life, without language we cannot communicate with each other. Siahaan

(2008:1) says, “Language is a unique human inheritance that plays a very

important role in human's life, such as in thinking, communicating ideas, and

negotiating with others.” By using language, we can express our inner

thoughts, feelings and emotions easier than using other elements. People

cannot do their activities without language. We also cannot respond something

if we do not understand what other people said or write.

Communication can be built if there‟s an understanding between speaker

and listener to delivering their ideas or thoughts, we called it as meaning.

Meaning is what the speaker expresses and communicates in their message to

the listener. When the speaker said their ideas or thoughts, the listeners‟ mind

must interpret what the speaker said to convert it into the meaning. Meaning

divides into two classes: literal and non-literal meaning. Literal meaning mean

what it says and we don‟t need to analyze it anymore, while non-literal

meaning isn‟t properly the meaning and we need to analyze it word by word

because it has different meaning. In this paper, the writer focused on non-

literal meaning in order to find the meaning in the selected song lyrics of

Queen. There are number of ways to delivering a meaning, which are through

the use of idiom and figurative language.

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Figurative language is one with its literally in compatible term, forces the

readers to attend the connotation rather than to the denotation (Burhan

Nurgiyantoro, 1995:277). Language used in literally work has been specific

languages use in other communication; music and song are parts of this world

of sound (Endah Wahyuningsih, 2007:2)

Waluyo (1987:83) says that “Figurative language is a language.”, which is used by the author to delivering a meaning. Figurative language is language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Figurative language, in comparison, uses exaggerations or alterations to make a particular linguistic point. Figurative language are known as simile, metaphor, synecdoche, metonymy, symbol, personification, apostrophe, hyperbole, paradox, irony, etc.

The language referred to in the linguistic. The New Oxford Dictionary of

English (2003) says that, The scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of grammar, syntax, and phonetics. Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics computational linguistics, comparative linguistics, and structural linguistics.

One part of linguistics is semantics. Semantic is one of the areas of science that discuss the in and out of meaning. The intended meaning is the implied meaning and explicit meaning. As for the part of the semantic it is a metaphor.

Kreidler (1998:3) says, “Semantics is the systematic study of meaning and linguistic semantics is the study of how language organize and express meanings”. We can get the meaning not only by literally, but also by interpreting and adjusting the meaning based on the context situation.

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For this paper, the writer tries to describe and analyze the figurative language found in Queen‟s best of album. Based on the two things being compared and viewed in the terms of figurative language, metaphor divided into nine types: simile, personification, synecdoche, hyperbole, allusion, analogy, antithesis and metonymy. There are some kinds of literary works, which use figurative language. Some of them are song lyrics, poetry, novel, etc. All of them use it to make the sentence become more meaningful and beautiful to interest the listener or the reader.

Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested to analyze figurative language in song because almost all people like to listen to a song.

However, sometimes people listen to a song without understanding the meaning of the song. Whereas, every song has a message to the listeners.

Therefore, in this study the data will be taken from songs, in Queen‟s songs.

The writer chooses Queen‟s songs because the songs are meaningful and enjoyable to be heard. The lyrics of the songs are also typically poetic that the writer can find many figurative languages that contained in the song lyrics.

Therefore, the writer interested to elaborate the figurative language in Queen‟s song lyrics.

Song is a part of music and music is a part of art. It is formed by a relationship between the elements of music and the elements of lyrics. A song lyric is kind of a poem. Luxemburg (1989:175) says that, “The definition of the texts of poetry does not only include the types of literature but also an expression of the maxim character, message of an advertisement, slogan of politics, poetry pop songs and prayers.” Figurative language is very common

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in song and poetry. Poem is kind of literary work that often used figure of speech and it has a meaning that can be seen directly or indirectly. In song, there is a lyric and lyric is a word, phrase and sentence. Certainly in using a word, phrase and sentence in it.

Song lyrics are not as easy as composing the essay, but can be obtained from various inspirations. Lyric is expressions of the writer‟s feeling of or composed for singing. It means that lyric of a song can be written depending on someone‟s experiences of life such as, love, happiness, sorrow, family and friendships. Lyrics are generally the same as that in each stanza poem has meaning.

In this paper, the writer also interested in analyzing the figurative language found in Queen‟s best of album. Because the songwriter expresses his ideas and feelings through the songs. The ideas and feelings become difficult to understand because the composer has adopted figurative language to beautify the lyrics in Queen‟s best of album.

The song lyrics that the writer analyzes are Queen‟s songs. The writer chose the songs because there are many figurative language that can be found in the lyrics. Besides, Queen is a top band in the world. There are so many people who know their song lyrics. Queen is a British rock band. Queen‟s band members are Brian May as guitar-vocals, Roger Taylor as drums-vocals,

John Deacon as bass-vocals, and Freddie Mercury as lead vocals-piano.

Queen‟s works were influenced by progressive rock, hard rock, and heavy metal. Queen's record sales range from 170 million to 300 million records, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. By the early 1980s,

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Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. "Another One

Bites the Dust" (1980) became their best-selling single, while their 1981

compilation album Greatest Hits is the best-selling album in the UK and is

certified eight times platinum in the US.

1.2 Problem of the study

Based on a background above, the writer focused the study on these main

problems:

1. What are the types of figurative language portrayed in Queen‟s best of album?

2. What is the dominant type of figurative language used in Queen‟s best of

album?

1.3 The Objective of the Study

There are two objectives which are expected to achieve from this analysis, those are:

1. To find out the types of figurative language used in Queen‟s best of album.

2. To find out the dominant type of figurative language used in Queen‟s best of album.

1.4 Scope of the study

In this research, the writer focused and analyzed figurative language in

Queen‟s best of album. The title of the songs are “Bohemian Rhapsody”, “Don't

Stop Me Now","We Will Rock You","A Winter's Tale","Too Much Love Will

Kill You",”Somebody To Love”, and “Love Of My Life”.

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1.5 The Significance of the Study

After this paper is complete, the writer hopes this paper give more knowledge and information to the readers. Practically, the study contributes to English students in their English studying process, and it gives additional knowledge to

English students. Enrich the people knowledge in understanding the figurative language, especially people who interested in literature and figurative language.

1.6 Method of the study

In this paper, descriptive qualitative methods will be used in analyzing the figurative language used in Queen‟s best album to complete this paper. The library research and collecting some data or information needed from the relevant books or other resources. Besides that, the writer will also search sources in internet to enrich information which is related to the topic to find out the types of figurative languages in order to analyze the meaning of each figurative language.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 2. THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Semantics

Hipkiss (1995:9) states, “The word semantics is derived from the Greek

semaino, meaning to signify or mean. Semantics is part of the larger study of

signs, semiotics. It is the part that deals with words as signs (symbols) an

language as a system of signs (words as symbols). In addition, semantics

focuses on the meaning of words, phrases, or sentences in the language. The

meaning of phrases, sentences depend on the meaning of its words and the

structure. System for analyzing language divides linguistics expression into

two classes: literal meaning and non-literal meaning. Uses in non-literal are

called figurative expression. Literal meaning denotes the speaker mean

according to common or dictionary usage, while non-literal meaning

(figurative expression) connotes additional layers of meaning. When the

people eyes or ears receive a message, the mind must interpret the data to

convert it into meaning. This set off memories will give prominence to the

most common or literal meanings, but also suggest reasons for attributing

different meanings. The study of the linguistic meaning or morphemes, words,

phrases and sentences is called semantics. Semantic is concerned with aspects

of meaning in language. Work in semantics deal with the description of word

and sentence meaning. There are certain kinds of meaning or certain aspects of

meaning linguistics (Lyons, 1981:139). Geoffrey Leech (1974:9) explains that

semantics as the study of meaning is central study of communication and as

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communication becomes more and more pressing. Palmer (1976:1) says,

“Semantics is technical term used refer to the study of meaning”. Katz

(1972:1) also states that semantics is the study of linguistics meaning. It is

concerned with what sentence and other linguistics object express, not with

the arrangement with their syntactic parts or with their pronunciation.

2.2 Figurative Language

Figurative language is an imagination that has more than one meaning and cannot be interpreted literally. A beautiful language used to make an imaginative impression to the listeners and make the song more beautiful. Firgurative language is most commonly used in poetry.

Glucksberg (2001:8), states that figurative meaning is derived from the literal and can be discovered by discovering the nature of substitution of the metaphorical for the literal. One implication of this assumption is that metaphoric interpretations involve recovering the original literal expression for which for metaphor substitutes.

Because of these developments, figurative languages or style becomes an issue or part of the diction the question whether the use of the word fits, flavor or specific clause to deal with the situation. Therefore, covers all issues style hierarchy of language: individual choice of words (diction), phrases, clauses, sentences and even embraces the discourse overall. So, reach of figurative language actually is very broad, not only includes the elements of the sentence elements that contain specific motifs, such as those commonly found in classical rhetoric.

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Perrine (1982:61) says that figurative languages is broadly defined as anyway of saying something other than ordinary way. It is more narrowly definable as a way of saying one thing and meaning another. The readers and writers properly utilize superior style to explain the ideas of the classical rhetorical them. Means of classical rhetoric has been used by the Roman Cicero and Suetonius novelist who wears figure in the sense of "shadows, images, allusions, allegories”. Figurative language is language that employs various figures of speech. In general, figurative language that departs from the language employed in the traditional, literal ways of describing persons or object. Using figurative language is making imaginative description in fresh way. It is usually immediately obvious whether a text is using figurative or literal meaning (Reaske,

1966:33). This means that figurative language uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation.

2.3 Types of Figurative Languages

According to Zainuddin (1992:52), figurative language consists of 19

kinds. In this paper, the writer only focused and analyzed only five types of

them. They are metaphor, hyperbole, personification, simile, and repetition.

There are several kinds of figurative languages, as follows:

2.3.1 Metaphor

Metaphor is a figurative language that is used to describe normal words to

help the listener or the reader understand the message within. Stot et al

(2010:3) says that metaphor literally means a figure of speech in which an

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expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity. In simple way, when you portray a person, thing, place or an action as being something else, even though it is not actually

“something else”, that is metaphor. Metaphor is used to different of one word with another that have a meaning expression.

Tarigan (1995:121) says that metaphor is a rhetorical figure of speech that compares two subjects without the use of “like” or “as”. Metaphor originates from Greek, from “metapherein‟, meaning “to transfer” and from meta + pherein, meaning “to bear”. It is literally denoting one kind of object or idea used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy, a more forceful analogy, between them. Indeed, a metaphor transfers meaning from one word on to another so that the word can be understood in a new way.

According Stern (2000:35) says that metaphor is an imaginative or figurative and nob literal use of word or sentence hose intended meaning and effect is to make us notice likeness between the two objects. When utterance is seen or heard, a thing is imagined and the picture as likeness to the other thing being drawn and signified.

For example:

“He lights up my world”

This is a metaphor because it is not a physical light and also he is not a sun or

a lamp that can light up the world. This expression is simply saying that when

someone can bring them joy and make their world become happier than

before.

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2.3.2 Hyperbole

According to Djajasudarma (2008:21), “Hiperbola ialah ungkapan yang

melebih-lebihkan apa yang sebenarnya dimaksudkan; jumlahnya,

ukurannya,atau sifatnya”. It means that hyperbole is a kind of style that

contains an overstatement, to exaggerate something. Hyperbole is an

expression to make something looks bigger or greater that it really is. So, it

does not correspond to the actual reality. Siswantoro (2005:34) says,

“Hyperbole is used by the writer to describe an object, idea, etc, with giving

exaggeration emphasize to get effect intently”.

For example:

“Kill this love.”

That statement is not literally true because you can‟t kill love but people make

them to sound impressive or to emphasize something.

2.3.3 Personification

Zainuddin (1992:53), tells that personifikasi ialah melukiskan sesuatu

(benda mati) digambarkan seperti yang dilakukan manusia atau seperti

benda hidup. It means that personification is a kind of style of figurative

language depicting inanimate objects or goods that do not anime as if it has

the properties of human nature. In addition, Abrams (1999:99) says that

personification, or in the Greekterm, prosopopeia, in which either an

inanimate object or an abstract concept spoken of as though it were endowed

with life or with human attributes or feelings (compare pathetic fallacy).

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Meanwhile, Lingga (2007:15) states that personifikasi adalah representasi

dari benda mati atau ide-ide abstrak sebagai makhluk hidup. It means that

personification is a “representation of inanimate object or abstract ideas as

living beings.

Personification is the attribution of human characteristics to inanimate

objects, events or abstract ideas. Kennedy (1983:686) says, “Personification is

a figure of speech in which a thing or abstract term (truth, nature) is made

human”.

For example:

“The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky”

The word “danced‟ as used to express human‟s personal qualities. In this

sentence, means that the stars can do human‟s personal qualities.

2.3.4 Simile

Kennedy (1983:680) says, “Simile is a comparison of two things, indicated

by some connective, usually, like, as, than, or a verb such as resembles”. Still,

for a simile to exist, the things compared have to be dissimilar in kind.

According to Montgomery, Durant, Fabb, Furniss and Mills (2007:119),

simile is a subdivision of metaphor in that, as its name suggests, it draws

attention to a similarity between two terms through words such as “like and

„as‟. Simile does not, strictly speaking, always entail figurative language,

since both terms of a simile can often be understood literally.

Meanwhile, according to Perrine (1982:61) simile is the explicit

comparison of two things, indicates by the word or phrase such as like, as,

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than, similar, resemble or seems. In addition, Abrams (1999:97) states that

“simile is a comparison between two distinctly different things is explicitly

indicated by the word "like" or "as".

For example:

“His love for her is deep as the ocean.”

In that example, it shows his love is compared with the ocean. The ocean is so

deep, no one can measure how deep the ocean is. So, the expression above

means his love for her is as deep as the ocean that he can‟t measure how deep

it is.

2.3.5 Repetition

Repetition is the simple repeating of a word, within a sentence or a

poetical line, with no particular placement of the words, in order to secure

emphasis. According to Askarova (2015), “Repetition is the simple repeating

of a word, within a sentence or a poetical line, with no particular placement of

the words in order to secure emphasis.”

This is such a common literary device that it is almost never even noted as

a figure of speech. It also has connotations to listing for effect and is used

commonly by famous poets.

For example :

“She wants to forget,forget,forget all the bad memories with him”

In this sentence, we can see the repeating of a word “forget” from the

sentence above, it can be concluded that repetition is repeating of a word

which among them are still related to each other.

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2.4 Song

Song is a short piece of music with words that you sing in your daily life.

Further, unidentified linguist gives definition of song as a relatively short

musical composition for human voice, which features words (lyrics). Song is

the most common thing in people daily life because song can give various

impacts to the listener to light up their mood. Songs may also appear in plays,

musical plays, stage shows of any form, and within operas

A song may be for a solo singer, a lead singer that supported by

background singer, a duet, trio, or larger ensemble involving more voices.

Songs can be categorized in many genres such as : pop, rock, jazz, latin,

country and many more. In song we can find lyrics. The lyrics of song are

typically of poetic, rhyming nature, though they may be religious verses or

free prose.

Song can be broadly divided into many different forms, depending on the

criteria used. It is common method of classification are purpose, by style

(dance, ballad, lied), or by time origin (renaissances, contemporary). A song is

a piece of music for that come with or without voice, where the performance

of song is called a singer or vocalist, the act or art is called singing. Winkler

(1990:17) says that song is a relatively short metrical composition designed

for singing, often divided into stanzas, whose meaning is conveyed by the

combined force of words and melody. The song, therefore, belong equally to

poetry and music.

It is important to take a broad view of songs. They consist not only of the

lyrics and the tune, but also of all the contexts in which how a song is created,

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experienced, produced, and consumed. These contexts include such things as where the song was performed and by whom, the audience for it, and the technology that produced it and preserved it for us to appreciate. Part of song can be divided into three forms of song. They are folk song, art song and popular song. Folk songs generally are sung with simple accompaniment like guitar or acapella. They are frequently a major aspect of national or cultural identity. Folk songs exist in almost every culture in the world. Folk songs often accompany activities such as religious ceremonies, dancing, labor or courtship, or are intended to tell exciting or sentimental stories Art songs, on the other hand, are intended for performance by professional singer, generally accompanied by piano or instrumental ensemble. Art songs tend to have complicated, technical difficulty, sophistication or provide contrast to the voice.

An art song might be defined as a poem set to music, usually for trained singer and piano accompaniment with duration of about three minutes. An art song strives to be the perfect combination of music and literature, based on four elements: poet, composer, singer and accompanist.

Popular song is a genre of music of all ages that extremely vague, covers a wide field of musical endeavour and ranges over a long period of time usually refers to a specific musical genre within popular music. Modern popular songs are usually distributed as recordings, and are played on the radio, joox, spotify, youtube or internet. Their relative popularity is inferred from commercially significant sales of recordings, ratings of stations and ticket sales for concerts by the recording artists. A popular song can become a

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modern folk song when members of the public who learn to sing it from the

recorded version teach their version to others. Popular songs may be called

“pop song” for short, although pop song or pop music may instead be

considered a more commercially popular genre of popular music as a whole.

Many people consider songs in popular music to have in general simpler

structures than art songs, however, musicologists who are both contemptuous

and condescending of popular music are looking for types of production,

musical form, and listening which they associate with a different kind of

music 'classical music' and they generally find popular music lacking.

2.5 Lyric

Song is the most common thing in people daily life because song can give various impacts to the listener to light up their mood. In the song, there‟s lyrics that can make the song more beautiful and meaningful. Lyrics are a set of words that make up as song. Stanford (2003:65) states the word “lyric come from the lyre, the Greek instrument used for musical accompaniment of poetry, which was often sung or chanted. Although a lyric poem may depict an out war action, it generally focuses on inward reaction, insight, or responses. Meanwhile,

Hornby(1995:703) defines, lyric is expressing the writer’s feelings. Lyric is made to express deep emotion of the writer. Lyrics can be written during composition of a song or after the accompanying music is composed. Wallace (2011)Based on definitions above, the researcher can say lyric is expressing direct personal feelings, a song written for musical accompaniment by lyric. The form of lyric is

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written by stanza. When someone reads poetry as being lyrical it seems that he was expressing his feeling through the poet.

Universitas Sumatera Utara 3. DESCRIPTION OF PAPER TOPIC

3.1 Metaphor

Metaphor is a figure of langauge that is used to describe normal words to

help the listener or the reader understand the message within. In other words,

it describes one thing in terms of another. It is literally denoting one kind of

object or idea used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy, a more

forceful analogy, between them. Indeed, a metaphor transfers meaning from

one word on to another so that the word can be understood in a new way.

In the songs entitle “Bohemian Rhapsody” has been found two metaphor

and “We Will Rock You” has been found one metaphor. That is:

(1). Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?

Caught in a landslide no escape from reality

Caught in a landslide no escape from reality is metaphor, because he isn‟t

really in a "landslide." If he was, he would be covered with earth and rocks.

Therefore the sentence is not literally true. He is trying to say that his life is

overwhelming him and he can‟t find the way out to solve his problem in life.

(2). Mama, life had just begun,

But now I've gone and thrown it all away.

But now I've gone and thrown it all away is metaphor, because he isn‟t really

mean to throw his life away. He is trying to say that he wants to throw all the

problem or the bad things in his life.

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(3). Buddy you're a boy make a big noise

Playin' in the street gonna be a big man some day

Playin' in the street gonna be a big man some day away is metaphor, because

he isn‟t really mean to be a big man. He is trying to say that “big man” refers

to successful man.

3.2 Hyperbole

Hyperbole is an expression that exaggerates something or extravagant

statement that makes something sounds bigger, better or maybe worse than

they are. It means that hyperbole is a kind of style that contains an

overstatement, to exaggerate something.

In the songs entitle “Somebody To Love” has two hyperbole, in the song

“Don‟t Stop Me now” has been found three hyperbole, in the song “Too Much

Love Will Kill You” has been found two hyperbole. The expression of

figurative language in terms of hyperbole have been found each song.

They are :

(4). “Each morning I get up I die a little”

It contains an expression of hyperbole, because of the lyric piece

shows exaggerated statement or something sound many or more. We can

see the song writer used sentences ”Each morning I get up I die a little”

that show he wants to express his despration from this sentences.

(5). I’m burning through the skies yeah/two hundred degrees that’s why

they call me Mister Fahrenheit

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The sentence above shows figurative language of hyperbole. You can‟t be two hundred degrees because that is way too hot for the body to survive. However, the ideas of reaching extreme temperatures and all exciting or very fun ideas contribute to the energy and mood of the song.

(6). Defying the laws of gravity

This piece of lyric shows hyperbole, we know that we can‟t defy the laws of gravity, no matter how high you jump or how fast you move. It‟s too exaggerated.

(7). I’m traveling at the speed of light.

The piece of lyric shows figurative language of hyperbole, as we know we can‟t travel at the speed of light because it is physically impossible.

(8). I just gotta get out of this prison cell

This lyrics is hyperbole, because it‟s too exaggerated. He wants to express his despration by saying “prison cell”. He thinks that he has a bad life and can‟t find the solution for his problem. So, he deprately want to get out of it.

(9). I used to bring you sunshine

This lyrics above contains an expression of hyperbole. He doesn‟t really mean “sunshine” but it refers to happiness that he always bring to her. It also refers to all the good time and memories that he used to do with her.

(10). Too much love will kill you every time

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This lyrics is hyperbole, because love can‟t really kill you but the

feelings that cause by love can make you feel hurt and sad. It can happen

when you love someone too much and when you fight with your lover.

3.3 Personification

Personification is when you give human feelings and action to an object or animal. It means that personification is a kind of style of figurative language depicting inanimate objects or goods that do not anime as if it has the properties of human nature. In the songs entitle “A Winter's Tale” has been found one personification.

That is:

(11). Gentle rain beatin' on my face

It contains an expression of personification because of the lyric piece

shows that the rain can beat people (author) but in fact it‟s just an object

and the rain as if have human-like character. As we know the rain can‟t

beat on our face just like human.

3.4 Simile

A simile is figurative language that involving the comparison of one

with another of a different kind used to make a description more vivid or

emphatic. Simile is a subdivision of metaphor in that, as its name suggests,

it draws attention to a similarity between two terms through words such as

“like and „as‟. Simile does not, strictly speaking, always entail figurative

language, since both terms of a simile can often be understood literally.

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In the songs entitle “Don‟t Stop Me Now” have been found two simile.

They are :

(12). I’m a shooting star leaping through the skies, like a tiger defying

the laws of gravity

That piece of lyric is categorized as simile, because here there is an

expression of using word “like” as an element of simile. That lyrics means

something exciting metaphors and add even more energy to them by

comparing them to more fun and explosive ideas.

(13). Ready to reload like an atom bomb about to oh oh oh oh oh

explode.

The piece of lyric shows figurative language of simile, with used

word “like”. He is being compared to an atom bomb that about to explode.

That lyrics means something exciting, fun, and explosive ideas.

(14). I'm a racing car passing by like Lady Godiva I'm gonna go go

go there's no stopping me.

The piece of lyric shows figurative language of simile, with used word

“like”. He is being compared to Lady Godiva and saying that he is like a

racing car. That lyrics means something exciting, fun, and explosive ideas.

3.5 Repetition

A repetition is a literary device that repeats the same words or

phrases a few times to make an idea become more memorable and clear.

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In the songs entitle “Love Of My Life”,“We Will Rock You”,

“Don‟t Stop Me Now”, and “Bohemian Rhapsody” has been found each one. They are:

(15). Bring it back, bring it back don't take it away from me

In this lyric shows figurative language of repetition. The lyric is

“Bring it back, bring it back don't take it away from me” it‟s means

that his confirmed words “Bring it back”. He wants the love of his life

come back and hope his lover will remember and come back to him by

saying “Bring it back”.

(16). We will we will rock you

The words is categorized as repetition because the piece of lyrics is

“We will we will rock you” it‟s mean that he‟s confident that they

will overthrow and rock you by singing this song.

(17). Don't stop me have a good time, good time

Wont in this lyrics is a repetition because the lyrics “Don't stop me

have a good time, good time” confirm that he doesn‟t want anyone to

stop him while he‟s having a good time.

(18). Carry on, carry on as if nothing really matters

When you‟re gone is categorized as repetition because in this lyrics

“Carry on, carry on as if nothing really matters” confirm that he

needs pretend everything is okay to keep living his life.

(19). Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango?

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When you‟re gone is categorized as repetition because in this

lyrics “Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango?” he

said “Scaramouche, Scaramouche” more than one time.

3.6 The Result of Analysis

This is the result of analysis of figurative language found in

Queen‟s Best Of Album song lyrics. Through this, we know how many

cases each type of figurative language has based on their rank from the

most dominant type to less one.

There are 19 data found in Queen‟s Best Of Album. Below is the

number of data in each type of figurative language:

1. Metaphor : 3 data

2. Hyperbole : 7 data

3. Personification : 1 data

4. Simile : 3 data

5. Repetition : 5 data

Here is the percentage of each type of figurative language:

1. Metaphor : 100 = 15,8 %

2. Hyperbole : 100 = 36,9 %

3. Personification : 100 = 5,3%

4. Simile : 100 = 10,6%

5. Repetition : 100 = 26,4 %

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Based on data and percentage above, we can see that hyperbole

(36,9 %) and repetition (26,4 %) are the dominant element of figurative language, simile (10,6%), and followed by metaphor (15,8%) and personification (5,3 % ).

Universitas Sumatera Utara 4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusion

After analyzing the data from Queen‟s song lyrics, it is found that

figurative language can be very useful to the writer because it can give special

effect to make the song more beautiful and interesting to listen. The lyrics of

those songs generally involves constructed figurative language the writer. It is

found that there are 15 elements of figurative languages in 7 songs of Queen‟s.

They are 7 hyperboles, 1 metaphor, 1 personification, 2 similes, and 4

repetitions. The type of hyperbole and repetition mostly found in it is form

counterfactual expression, while the type of simile, metaphor and

personification mostly found after it. It seems this is style of the author in

making a song, he wants to deliver the message through the lyrics and make

the song more beautiful.

4.2 Suggestion

Figurative language is often achieved by presenting words in order to

make compared or associated with other unrelated words or meanings. Music

can make you feel happier, excited and boost your mood. It can create a calm

atmosphere when you hear it. The styles and form maybe can be different and

unique from to one another based on the songwriter‟s experience and

knowledge but essentially music is universal since it is easily accepted by

many people in many places around the world.

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The writer would like to suggest that the English students should analyze figurative language in songs because the writer thinks that figurative language is an interesting subject to study and it can enrich the people knowledge in understanding figurative language. In figurative language the words have other meanings from the literal one. That is why the writer thinks it is very important for the English students who interested in literature and figurative language. In analyzing a figurative language, a writer should pay much attention to the context to get the real meaning and proper message from the words.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams M.H. 1999. A Glossary of Literary Term (07 ed). United States of

America: Thomson Learning.

Kreidler, C. W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. New York: Routledge.

Kovecses, Z. 2010. Metaphor: A Practical Introduction Second Edition. New

York: Oxford University Press. United states of America.

Luxemburg, Jan. V. et al. 1989. Pengantar Ilmu Sastra. Trans. Dick Hartoko.

Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Lyons, J.

Mooij, J.J.A. 1976. Study of Metaphor. Amsterdam: North Hollands

Publishing Coy.

Siahaan, S. 2008. Issues in Linguistics. Pematangsiantar: Graha Ilmu.

Waluyo, H. J. 1987. Teori dan Apresiasi Puisi. Jakarta: Erlangga. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_(band) https://www.azlyrics.com/q/queen.html

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Attack later that year and A Night at the Opera in 1975 brought them international success. And "Bohemian Rhapsody", which stayed at number one in the UK for nine weeks.

The band's 1977 album News of the World contained "We Will Rock

You" and "We Are the Champions", which have become anthems at sporting events. By the early 1980s, Queen were one of the biggest stadium rock bands in the world. "Another One Bites the Dust" (1980) became their best-selling single, while their 1981 compilation album Greatest Hits is the best-selling album in the

UK and is certified eight times platinum in the US. Their performance at the Live

Aid 1985 concert has been ranked among the greatest in rock history. In August

1986, Freddie Mercury gave his last performance with Queen at Knebworth,

England. In 1991, he died of bronchopneumonia - a complication of AIDS, and

Deacon retired in 1997. Since 2004, Brian May and Roger Taylor have toured under the "Queen +" name with vocalists Paul Rodgers and Adam Lambert.

Estimates of Queen's record sales range from 170 million to 300 million records, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen received the

Outstanding Contribution to British Music Award from the British Phonographic

Industry in 1990. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in

2001. Each member has composed hit singles, and all four were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2005, Queen received the Ivor Novello

Award for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of

Songwriters, Composers, and Authors. In 2018, they were presented the Grammy

Lifetime Achievement Award.

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Top: Brian May, Freddie Mercury Bottom: John Deacon, Roger Taylor Freddie Mercury (lead vocals and piano), Roger Taylor (drums and vocals), Brian

May (lead guitar and vocals), and John Deacon (bass guitar).

Queen‟s performance at the Live Aid 1985 concert has been ranked among the greatest in rock history.

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"Bohemian Rhapsody"

Is this the real life?

Is this just fantasy?

Caught in a landslide,

No escape from reality.

Open your eyes,

Look up to the skies and see,

I'm just a poor boy, I need no sympathy,

Because I'm easy come, easy go,

Little high, little low,

Any way the wind blows doesn't really matter to me, to me.

Mama, just killed a man,

Put a gun against his head,

Pulled my trigger, now he's dead.

Mama, life had just begun,

But now I've gone and thrown it all away.

Mama, ooh,

Didn't mean to make you cry,

If I'm not back again this time tomorrow,

Carry on, carry on as if nothing really matters.

Too late, my time has come,

Sends shivers down my spine,

Body's aching all the time.

Goodbye, everybody, I've got to go,

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Gotta leave you all behind and face the truth.

Mama, ooh (any way the wind blows),

I don't wanna die,

I sometimes wish I'd never been born at all.

I see a little silhouetto of a man,

Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango?

Thunderbolt and lightning,

Very, very frightening me.

(Galileo) Galileo.

(Galileo) Galileo,

Galileo Figaro

Magnifico-o-o-o-o.

I'm just a poor boy, nobody loves me.

He's just a poor boy from a poor family,

Spare him his life from this monstrosity.

Easy come, easy go, will you let me go?

Bismillah! No, we will not let you go. (Let him go!)

Bismillah! We will not let you go. (Let him go!)

Bismillah! We will not let you go. (Let me go!)

Will not let you go. (Let me go!)

Never let you go (Never, never, never, never let me go)

Oh oh oh oh

No, no, no, no, no, no, no

Oh, mama mia, mama mia (Mama mia, let me go.)

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Beelzebub has a devil put aside for me, for me, for me.

So you think you can stone me and spit in my eye?

So you think you can love me and leave me to die?

Oh, baby, can't do this to me, baby,

Just gotta get out, just gotta get right outta here.

(Ooooh, ooh yeah, ooh yeah)

Nothing really matters,

Anyone can see,

Nothing really matters,

Nothing really matters to me.

Any way the wind blows.

"Don't Stop Me Now"

Tonight

I'm gonna have myself a real good time

I feel alive

And the world—I'll turn it inside out

Yeah!

I'm floating around

In ecstasy

So don't stop me now, don't stop me

'Cause I'm having a good time, having a good time

I'm a shooting star leaping through the sky

Like a tiger defying the laws of gravity

I'm a racing car passing by

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Like Lady Godiva

I'm gonna go go go

There's no stopping me

I'm burning through the sky

Yeah!

Two hundred degrees

That's why they call me Mister Fahrenheit

I'm traveling at the speed of light

I wanna make a supersonic man out of you

Don't stop me now

I'm having such a good time

I'm having a ball

Don't stop me now

If you wanna have a good time

Just give me a call

Don't stop me now

'Cause I'm having a good time

Don't stop me now

Yes I'm having a good time

I don't want to stop at all, yeah!

I'm a rocket ship on my way to Mars

On a collision course

I am a satellite

I'm out of control

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I am a sex machine ready to reload

Like an atom bomb about to-oh-oh-oh-oh-oh explode

I'm burning through the sky

Yeah!

Two hundred degrees

That's why they call me Mister Fahrenheit

I'm traveling at the speed of light

I wanna make a supersonic woman of you

Don't stop me

Hey hey hey!

Don't stop me

Ooh ooh ooh

I like it

Don't stop me

Have a good time, good time

Don't stop me

Ooh ooh alright

Ooh I'm burning through the sky

Yeah!

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Two hundred degrees

That's why they call me Mister Fahrenheit

I'm traveling at the speed of light

I wanna make a supersonic man out of you

Don't stop me now

I'm having such a good time

I'm having a ball

Don't stop me now

If you wanna have a good time

Alright

Just give me a call

Don't stop me now

'Cause I'm having a good time

Don't stop me now

Yes, I'm having a good time

I don't wanna stop at all

"Love Of My Life"

Love of my life, you've hurt me

You've broken my heart

And now you leave me

Love of my life, can't you see?

Bring it back, bring it back

Don't take it away from me

Because you don't know

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What it means to me

Love of my life, don't leave me

You've taken my love

(All my love)

You now desert me

Love of my life, can't you see?

(Please bring it back)

Bring it back, bring it back

Don't take it away from me

Because you don't know

What it means to me

You will remember

When this is blown over

And everything's all by the way

When I grow older

I will be there at your side

To remind you how I still love you

I still love you

Back, hurry back

Please, bring it back home to me

Because you don't know

What it means to me

Love of my life

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"Somebody To Love"

Can anybody find me somebody to love?

Each morning I get up I die a little

Can barely stand on my feet

(take a look at yourself)

Take a look in the mirror and cry

Lord, what you're doing to me

I have spent all my years in believing you

But I just can't get no relief, Lord!

Somebody (somebody), somebody (somebody)

Can anybody find me somebody to love?

I work hard (he works hard) every day of my life

I work 'til I ache my bones

At the end (at the end of the day) I take home (takes home) my hard-earned pay all (goes home on his own) on my own

I go down (down) on my knees (knees)

And I start to pray (praise the Lord)

'Til the tears run down from my eyes

Lord, somebody (somebody), somebody (please)

Can anybody find me somebody to love?

(he works hard) everyday (everyday)

I try, and I try, and I try

But everybody wants to put me down

They say I'm goin' crazy

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They say I got a lot of water in my brain

I got no common sense (he's got)

I got nobody left to believe in

Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah

Oh, Lord

Somebody (somebody), somebody (somebody)

Can anybody find me somebody to love?

(Can anybody find me someone to love)

Got no feel, I got no rhythm

I just keep losing my beat (you just keep losing and losing)

I'm OK, I'm alright (he's alright, he's alright)

I ain't gonna face no defeat

I just gotta get out of this prison cell

One day (someday) I'm gonna be free, Lord!

(Find me somebody to love)

Find me, find me

(Find me somebody to love)

Find

(Find me somebody to love)

(Find me somebody to love, love, love)

Find me, find me

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(Find me somebody to love)

Somebody to love

(Find me somebody to love)

(Somebody, somebody, somebody, somebody)

(Somebody find me, somebody find me somebody to love)

Can anybody find me somebody to love?

(Find me somebody to love)

Find me, somebody, somebody

(Find me somebody to love)

Somebody, somebody to love

(Find me somebody to love)

Find me, find me, find me, find me, find me

(Find me somebody to love)

Ooh, somebody to love

(Find me somebody to love)

Find me, find me, find me somebody to love

(Find me somebody to love)

Anybody, anywhere, anybody, find me somebody to love

Love, love, love, love

Find me, find me, find me, yeah

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"We Will Rock You"

Buddy you're a boy make a big noise

Playin' in the street gonna be a big man some day

You got mud on yo' face

You big disgrace

Kickin' your can all over the place

Singin'

We will we will rock you

Buddy you're a young man hard man

Shoutin' in the street gonna take on the world some day

You got blood on yo' face

You big disgrace

Wavin' your banner all over the place

We will we will rock you

(Sing it out!)

We will we will rock you

Buddy you're an old man poor man

Pleadin' with your eyes gonna make you some peace some day

You got mud on your face

Big disgrace

Somebody better put you back into your place

We will we will rock you

(Sing it!)

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We will we will rock you

(Everybody)

We will we will rock you

(Alright)

"A Winter's Tale"

It's winter-fall

Red skies are gleaming

Sea-gulls are flying over

Swans are floatin' by

Smoking chimney-tops

Am I dreaming?

The nights draw in

There's a silky moon up in the sky

Children are fantasising

Grown-ups are standin' by

What a super feeling

Am I dreaming?

(Dreaming)

So quiet and peaceful

Tranquil and blissful

There's a kind of magic in the air

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What a truly magnificent view

A breathtaking scene

With the dreams of the world

In the palm of your hand

(Dreaming)

A cosy fireside chat

A little this, a little that

Sound of merry laughter skippin' by

Gentle rain beatin' on my face

What an extraordinary place!

And the dream of the child

Is the hope of the—hope of the man

It's all so beautiful

Like a landscape painting in the sky

Mountains are zoomin' higher

Little girls scream and cry

My world is spinnin' and spinnin' and spinnin'

It's unbelievable

Sends me reeling

Am I dreaming?

Ooh, it's bliss.

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"Too Much Love Will Kill You"

I'm just the pieces of the man I used to be

Too many bitter tears are raining down on me

I'm far away from home

And I've been facing this alone

For much too long

I feel like no one ever told the truth to me

About growing up and what a struggle it would be

In my tangled state of mind

I've been looking back to find

Where I went wrong

Too much love will kill you

If you can't make up your mind

Torn between the lover and the love you leave behind

You're headed for disaster 'cos you never read the signs

Too much love will kill you every time

I'm just the shadow of the man I used to be

And it seems like there's no way out of this for me

I used to bring you sunshine

Now all I ever do is bring you down

How would it be if you were standing in my shoes

Can't you see that it's impossible to choose?

No, there's no making sense of it

Every way I go I'm bound to lose

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Too much love will kill you

Just as sure as none at all.

It'll drain the power that's in you

Make you plead and scream and crawl

And the pain will make you crazy

You're the victim of your crime

Too much love will kill you every time

Too much love will kill you

It'll make your life a lie

Yes, too much love will kill you

And you won't understand why

You'd give your life, you'd sell your soul

But here it comes again

Too much love will kill you

In the end...

In the end.

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