Vol. 6, No. 1 January 1996 INSIDE • Presidential Address, p. 10 GSA TODAY • GSA Bulletin Update, p. 13 • New Editors, p. 20 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • Cordilleran Section Meeting, p. 25

Alamo Megabreccia: Record of a Late Devonian Impact in Southern Nevada John E. Warme, Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401 Charles A. Sandberg, 395 South Lee Street, Lakewood, CO 80226-2749

ABSTRACT 116 o 115 o 114 o Figure l. Study area showing towns SIXMILE The Alamo breccia is probably the Currant X RANCH WHITE PINE CO. (squares), Devonian localities (x’s), and WOOD CANYON X NORTH NEVADA lateral distribution zones of Alamo brec- most voluminous known outcropping UTAH HOT cia. Breccia thicknesses: zone 1, ~130 carbonate megabreccia. It occupies CREEK X CANYON HEATH m; zone 2, ~60 m; zone 3, <1–10 m. 2 TROUGH MTN X SIDEHILL ~4000 km across 11 mountain ranges SPRING X X PASS in southern Nevada, has an average CANYON

FOX thickness of ~70 m, and contains a vol- WARM X X SPRINGS MTN Figure 2. Enlargement of inset 3 X N WEST ume of 250+ km . The breccia is a single X X RANGE STREUBEN 38o in Figure 1 showing mountain bed, of early Frasnian (early Late Devo- KNOB EAST X RIDGE Pioche ranges, outcrop localities, and nian) age, that formed in the wake of X CREST NORTH MEEKER GOLDEN X GATE RGSOUTH SEAMAN the perimeter enclosing Alamo PEAK X X WASH a giant slide that deposited a lower MAIL HIKO breccia in zones 1 and 2. SUMMITX X NARROWS 115° 30' 115° chaotic debrite, containing clasts as X MT. IRISH TEMPIUTE N X X Caliente NYE CO TO X Hiko ELY MTN S MONTE ° LINCOLN CO large as 80 × 500 m, and an upper MTN S X HIKO 38 1 HILLS exquisitely graded turbidite. It is N X W XX CARBONATE HANCOCK SW Alamo SUMMIT 3 anomalously intercalated with cyclic WASH X SEAMAN RANGE

GOLDEN GATE WORTHINGTON LIME X MTS RANGE shallow-water platform carbonates of 2 MTN 318 the Guilmette Formation. The Alamo DELAMAR Area of Fig. 2 X MTS SW NORTH PAHROC RANGE o breccia is interpreted as a product of the 37 HIKO TIMPAHUTE RG LINCOLN CO. HIKO 93 Alamo event, a nearby marine impact TO CLARK CO. MT IRISH RANGE CALIENTE S. PAHROC RG of an extraterrestrial object, whereby RANGE ASH 37° 30' GROOM RANGE LAS 375 SPRINGS impact-generated crustal shock waves Mercury VEGAS X ARROW RANGE X CANYON Indian RANGE E. PAHRANAGAT RG and/or marine superwaves detached the NEVADA Springs ALAMO CALIFORNIA YUCCA HANCOCK upper ~60 m of platform along a hori- X GAP WEST SUMMIT PAHRANAGAT RG TO 93 LAS zontal surface. Loosened bedrock slid VEGAS seaward across the platform, and some NYE CO. NV Las Vegas 010mi of it accumulated as the lower debrite. DELAMAR 0 10 20 30 Miles 01020km MOUNTAINS

o ARIZONA Rock-water exchange induced land- 36 0 10 20 30 40 50 Kilometers ward-propagated tsunami(s), whose uprush and/or backwash deposited the upper turbidite, partly above sea level. Evidence for impact includes shocked- quartz grains, an iridium anomaly, and reworked conodonts, all found only within the breccia. Because the Alamo breccia is not known outside of Nevada, and because the early Frasnian time of the Alamo event is not noted for accel- erated extinctions, being ~3 m.y. before the Frasnian-Famennian impact(s) and biotic crisis, the impact was probably only of moderate size.

INTRODUCTION The Alamo breccia, a newly recognized carbonate megabreccia, is an anomalous event–stratigraphic bed of immense proportions, probably the largest megabreccia known in surface exposures. Figure 3. View northward from the Hancock Summit area (see Fig. 2) of West Pahranagat Range, It was emplaced in a geologic instant of showing the 55-m-thick Alamo breccia (AB) within the 600-m-thick Guilmette Formation. The Guilmette begins at the yellow slope-forming interval (YSF in Fig. 4) in the saddle ~150 m below the breccia, is underlain by the Simonson Dolostone at left, and is overlain by the West Range Megabreccia continued on p. 2 Limestone and/or Pilot Shale on dip slope at right. IN THIS ISSUE GSA TODAY January Vol. 6, No. 1 1996 Alamo Megabraccia: Record of GSAF Update ...... 18 a Late Devonian Impact in GSA Today Science Editor ...... 20 GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published Southern Nevada...... 1 monthly by The Geological Society of America, Inc., New Geology Editor ...... 20 with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. GSA On the Web ...... 7 About People ...... 20 Mailing address: P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301- 9140, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Boulder, Col- Rock Stars: Walcott...... 8 Book Reviews ...... 21 orado, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Today, Membership Ser- Presidential Address ...... 10 Cordilleran Section Meeting ...... 25 vices, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Bulletin Update ...... 13 In Memoriam ...... 31 Copyright © 1996, The Geological Society of America, GSA Division Officers ...... 13 Memorial Preprints ...... 31 Inc. (GSA). All rights reserved. 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AND TSUNAMITES Written permission is required from GSA for all other early Late Devonian time and is now forms of capture, reproduction, and/or distribution of preserved within the Guilmette Formation Many enormous submarine debrites any item in this journal by any means. GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opin- of southern Nevada. The breccia, as yet and/or turbidites, comparable in extent ions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of informally named, crops out in 11 and volume to the Alamo breccia, are their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or political view- mountain ranges around the community known from both modern (e.g., Piper et point. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. of Alamo, Nevada (Figs. 1–3). It spans a al., 1988; Moore et al., 1994) and ancient minimum area of 4000 km2, has an (e.g., Macdonald et al., 1993) settings. SUBSCRIPTIONS for 1996 calendar year: Society average thickness of ~70 m, and represents Catastrophic failure of the seaward Members: GSA Today is provided as part of member- ship dues. Contact Membership Services at (800) detachment, mobilization, and resedimen- margins of present and past carbonate 3 472-1988 or (303) 447-2020 for membership informa- tation of at least 250 km of Devonian car- platforms results in voluminous carbonate tion. Nonmembers & Institutions: Free with paid bonate rock. megabreccias that commonly contain subscription to both GSA Bulletin and Geology, otherwise $45 for U.S., Canada, and Mexico; $55 elsewhere. Con- The Alamo breccia represents an huge transported blocks (e.g., Cook and tact Subscription Services. Single copies may be extraordinary style of carbonate-platform Mullins, 1983; Hine et al., 1992). However, ordered from Publication Sales. Claims: For nonreceipt collapse and submarine slide, now all large-scale marine mass-flow deposits or for damaged copies, members contact Membership Services; all others contact Subscription Services. Claims preserved as a single bed with the described to date, whether terrigenous are honored for one year; please allow sufficient delivery characteristics of a debrite (debris-flow or carbonate, intercalate with thinner time for overseas copies. deposit) in the lower part that evolved resedimented beds and were interpreted into a capping turbidite (Figs. 4, 5). It is to accumulate in relatively deep water sea- STAFF: Prepared from contributions from the GSA staff and membership. anomalously intercalated within cyclical ward from shelf or platform edges. Executive Director: Donald M. Davidson, Jr. shallow-water carbonate-platform facies Massive shelf-edge slumping causes Science Editor: Suzanne M. Kay of the Guilmette Formation (Figs. 3–6), a water-for-rock volume exchange that Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 rather than occurring in deeper water as induces an onshore tsunami. Numerous Forum Editor: Bruce F. Molnia expected. Its huge magnitude, singular massive Quaternary underwater slumps U.S. Geological Survey, MS 917, National Center, epiplatform occurrence, horizontal occurred adjacent to the Hawaiian Islands, Reston, VA 22092 Managing Editor: Faith Rogers delamination from platform bedrock, and each potentially triggered destructive Production & Marketing Manager: James R. Clark and exotic components including shocked onshore waves (Moore et al., 1994). One Production Editor and Coordinator: Joan E. Manly quartz, iridium, and reworked conodonts, example is suspected of causing a prehis- Graphics Production: Joan E. Manly, Adam S. McNally all indicate genesis from the consequences toric catastrophic tsunami that formed an ADVERTISING of an impact of an extraterrestrial object uprush 375 m above sea level on Lanai, Classifieds and display: contact Ann Crawford with Earth, named the Alamo event Hawaii, leaving a deposit (tsunamite) of (303) 447-2020; fax 303-447-1133 (Warme et al., 1991; Warme, 1994). coral and other rubble in its wake (Moore Issues of this publication are available electronically, in Discovery of the Alamo breccia and Moore, 1988). However, tsunamis full color, from GSA as Acrobat “Portable Document Format” (PDF) files. These can be viewed and printed coincides with current intense interest in produced by underwater landslides would on personal computers using MSDOS or MSWindows, geologically short-lived but significant likely be dwarfed compared with those on Macintoshes, or on Unix machines. You must use the events (e.g., Clifton, 1988) and new from oceanic extraterrestrial splashdowns; appropriate Adobe Acrobat Reader, available for free download from GSA and other online services. The appreciation for the possible physical the waves could be as high as the target more powerful Adobe Exchange program, available and biological effects of extraterrestrial water depth, conceivably 1000 m or more from commercial software suppliers, may also be used. impacts (e.g., McLaren and Goodfellow, (Silver, l982), but few deposits from such Download the issues of GSA Today and/or the appropri- ate Readers using the Uniform Resource Locator (URL): 1990; Sharpton and Ward, 1990). This waves have been identified. Probable http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.html. Issues preliminary report describes the breccia, impact-related slump deposits and tsuna- of GSA Today are posted about the first of the month of discusses its genesis as a catastrophic bed, mites were described at the Cretaceous- publication. and presents evidence that it was triggered Tertiary (K-T) boundary in cores from the This publication is included on GSA’s annual CD-ROM and magnified by a nearby marine impact Gulf of Mexico as well as in circum-gulf GSA Journals on Compact Disc. Call GSA Publication Sales for details. of moderate size. outcrops (e.g., Smit et al., 1994). An Printed with pure soy inks on recyclable paper in the U.S.A. Megabreccia continued on p. 3

2 GSA TODAY, January 1996 Megabreccia continued from p. 2 the conodont biofacies scheme described selective or complete dolomitization. by Ziegler and Sandberg (1990). As shown Most clasts are recognizable components Eocene breccia in the subsurface under in Figures 4 and 5, platform cycles below of the Devonian carbonate platform that Chesapeake Bay was first regarded as the the breccia contain shallow-subtidal disintegrated during the Alamo event. tsunamite from a North Atlantic impact, biofacies and indicate water depths of 10 Quartz grains and other noncarbonate then was reinterpreted as brecciated target m or less. Collections from fossiliferous components recovered from conodont- rock (impactite) within the actual crater postbreccia beds at or above its top indi- sample insoluble residues represent ‹‹1% (Poag and Aubry, 1995). Owing to the cate landward shallowing, from 60–100 m of the breccia volume. numerous exposures and well-understood on the west to 10–20 m toward the east. stratigraphic framework of the Alamo Samples from easternmost localities (zone Clasts and Matrix breccia, it provides a useful comparison 3 in Fig. 1) were largely barren of con- The Alamo breccia contains a popula- and basis for interpreting other less acces- odonts. Samples collected within the tion of megascopic clasts ranging in size sible catastrophic deposits. lower part of the breccia, from both plat- from sand to blocks 80 × 500 m. Breccia form-derived clasts and breccia matrix, “matrix” is a relative term; matrix GEOLOGIC SETTING OF THE yielded shallow-water biofacies, as between clasts of given sizes is simply ALAMO BRECCIA expected. However, samples from the smaller fragments, regardless of their upper part contain admixed deep-water absolute scale (Fig. 8). Gravel-, sand-, and Southern Nevada falls within the contemporary Devonian and reworked smaller sized particles are ubiquitous Basin and Range physiographic province, Ordovician species, probably derived from between blocks, but become better sorted where Paleozoic rocks are exposed along deeper environments far to the west. and occupy progressively greater propor- linear mountain ranges, buried deeply in tions of the volume upward, culminating intervening valleys (Fig. 2), deformed by Age and Timing of Alamo Event in the well-graded top. post-Devonian orogenies, and covered by Conodont age determinations Cenozoic volcanic rocks. The area of the show that the Alamo event is narrowly Lateral Variations: Zones 1 to 3 Alamo breccia in Figures 1 and 2 is not bracketed within the middle part of the The Alamo breccia exhibits character- palinspastically restored. punctata conodont Zone of Ziegler and istic thicknesses, internal structures, and Sandberg (1990), as shown in Figures 4 internal variability in each of the three Stratigraphic Framework and 5, which represents ~0.5 m.y. of early zones shown in Figures 1, 2, 4 and 6. From Cambrian into Late Devonian Late Devonian (Frasnian) time. The Zone 1: Foreslope or Basin Floor. time, a westward-facing linear carbonate punctata Zone was ~3 m.y. before the Zone 1, along the west end of Tempiute platform rimmed the west side of the much-studied late Frasnian mass extinc- Mountain (Figs. 1 and 2), probably North American craton, trending tion (Sandberg et al., 1988), and has a extends much farther westward. It is 130 approximately north-south through biochronologic date of ~13 m.y. before m thick and is composed of a thick (~100 central Nevada (e.g., Poole et al., 1992). the end of Devonian time. Because the m) turbidite (unit A, described below) The Alamo breccia is within the shallow- Devonian-Carboniferous boundary has overlying a thinner debrite (unit B): the platform facies of the Guilmette Forma- been variously dated as 340 to 360 Ma, turbidite is generally finer grained than in tion, except in its westernmost known the Alamo event was between ~355 and zone 2 to the east. Maximum-sized clasts exposure at Tempiute Mountain (Figs. 1, 370 Ma. are <5 × 15 m in two dimensions. Zone 1 2) where it is overlain by ~300 m of deeper is interpreted as an area of platform fores- water facies of the correlative Devils DESCRIPTION OF ALAMO BRECCIA lope or basin floor. Gate Limestone (Fig. 4). The Guilmette The Alamo breccia is a single bed At Tempiute Mountain, twisted and comprises ~150 shallowing-upward deposited during one event. Although its fractured bedrock underlies the breccia, carbonate-platform cycles (Fig. 3) internal structure varies significantly both laced by an array of sedimentary dikes averaging ~5 m thick. The Alamo event laterally and vertically, the most obvious and sills injected with carbonate breccia slide consumed a stratigraphic interval trends are decreasing thickness landward and rich in quartz sand grains. The overly- ~60 m thick and containing ~10 to 15 (eastward) and decreasing clast and matrix ing Alamo breccia, in contrast, is relatively cycles. Cycle tops directly beneath the sizes (normal grading) upward. For undeformed and weathers as a shear cliff breccia exhibit dolomitized algal descriptive purposes, the breccia is divided ~100 m high. The deformation is inter- laminites, desiccation cracks, and fenestral into lateral zones 1 to 3, from west to east preted as listric faults that moved and fabrics that indicate upper-intertidal (Figs. 1 and 2), and vertical units A to D, rotated during the Alamo event (Fig. 6; see to supratidal carbonate platform environ- from top to base (Fig. 5). Winterer et al., 1991). Dilated fault planes ments. Lithofacies directly above the are filled with debris derived from fissure breccia are more variable and demonstrate Distribution and Lithology walls, overlying slope deposits, and the a post–Alamo event westward-dipping To date, the Alamo breccia is known bypassing breccia. Margins of the fissures ramp. at 23 localities spread across ~4000 km2 show liquefaction phenomena similar to (Figs. 1 and 2). Thickness varies from 130 that of unit D, described below, at the Conodont Biofacies m in zone 1 to <1 m in parts of zone 3. base of the Alamo breccia. Analyses of 75 conodont samples If 70 m is taken as the average thickness, Zone 2: Seaward Platform. from the lower part of the Guilmette then the minimum volume of rock dis- Across the broad area of zone 2, the Formation in the study area yielded both placed during the Alamo event is ~280 Alamo breccia averages ~60 m in thick- paleoenvironmental information, crucial km3. The total distribution and volume ness, contains discontinuous giant clasts for understanding the Alamo breccia, and may be much greater; they are not fully as much as 80 × 500 m, and commonly an exact biostratigraphic date for the bed. documented because of sparse outcrops exhibits all four vertical units A to D Conodont samples include 30 from the and restricted access to the south and described below. Alamo breccia and 45 from the Guilmette west. Zone 3: Landward Platform. The confining beds. The paleoecological The Alamo breccia is almost exclu- Alamo breccia in zone 3 (<1 to ~10 m interpretation of the lower Guilmette, sively carbonate rock (Figs. 7–10). Its thick) may exhibit only a graded turbidite including the interval of the Alamo composition is limestone, except for (unit A), with <1-m-diameter clasts, or breccia (Sandberg and Warme, 1993; minor synsedimentary supratidal Warme and Sandberg, 1995), employs dolostones and local but significant Megabreccia continued on p. 4

GSA TODAY, January 1996 3 Megabreccia continued from p. 3 Vertical Units Units D and C—Detachment The Alamo breccia is composed of Interval and Megaclasts. Units C and may be dominantly a debrite (unit B) from one to four vertical units, A to D. D are genetically related, occur together transitionally overlain by a thin turbidite, They are arranged from top to base as but discontinuously along the base of the suggesting extensive turbidity-current follows (Fig. 5): unit A: upper turbidite— breccia (Fig. 5), and illustrate the mode of bypass. The debrite contains tabular clasts present in all zones (1–3); unit B; lower epiplatform slide detachment across zone up to 30 m long, oriented (sub)parallel to debrite—best developed in zone 2; unit C: 2. Unit D is an unusual, light-gray–weath- bedding. Zone 3 breccia was stranded basal megaclasts, actually or nearly in ering, calcareous diamictite, <1 cm to ~3 above sea level and subaerially exposed original positions—zone 2 only; unit D: m thick, that developed ~60 m beneath for a significant time before deposition diamictite under megaclasts—zone 2 only. the contemporary Devonian platform of the next platform cycle. It may be selec- tively eroded at the top, bleached by Section at VE dolomitization, or karsted, in contrast A Basin Rim Lagoon Shore to its confining beds. Stromatoporoid-coral Fluctuation zone Sea level

W ALAMO BRECCIA (AB) E Zone 1 Zone 2 ~100 m MUDMOUN Slope Guilmette Formation VE ~25 SHELF Dg Yellow slope-former Ddg EDGE ~5 km Simonson Dolostone

Early hassi

AB (80 m) B Basin Rim Shore Stromatoporoid-coral Fluctuation zone Sea level

?

punctata punctata ? Slope Guilmette Formation ? Y S F Dg Yellow slope-former M varcus Dsi 30 km Simonson Dolostone Figure 6. Interpretation of processes that produced the Figure 4. Diagrammatic cross section of Alamo Alamo breccia: A: Rimmed breccia (AB) within the zone 2 shallow-water C Seawater replacement Devonian carbonate platform Guilmette Formation (Dg) and equivalent zone 1 Headwall at 1:1 vertical and horizontal ard deep-water Devils Gate Limestone (Ddg). The seaw scale. B: Platform at 25:1 verti- flow Upper Simonson Dolostone (Dsi) is within the Mid- is br cal exaggeration. C: Platform dle Devonian Middle varcus conodont Subzone, De Detachment surface: actual potential showing two sets of fractures overlain by the basal Guilmette yellow slope-form- along which failure occurred: Listric faults with ing interval (YSF). Overlying cyclical carbonate sedimentary dikes and sills listric at the platform edge, rocks and the Alamo breccia are within the early and nearly horizontal across Frasnian punctata Zone. Beds beginning 4–10 m the platform. D: Platform fail- above the breccia are in the Early hassi Zone. D ure: movement along listric faults created sedimentary Tsunami rd dikes and sills, which removed eawa w s punctata ZONE ALAMO flo lateral support from the plat- ris CONODONT BRECCIA eb form. As bedrock detached BIOFACIES D Reduced or vanished UNIT and slid seaward, evacuation SHALLOW AND DEEP LATERAL ZONES caused the sea surface to tilt landward. E: Tsunami caused by bedrock– sea-water E exchange crossed the platform MIXED SHALLOW A A Zone 1Zone 2 Zone 3 and overtopped the headward AND DEEP kwash slide scar, while debris flow (WITH REWORKED bac mi ORDOVICIAN) a continued seaward. F: Tsunami un Ts backwash stranded a turbidite along the periphery of the platform (zone 3), continued 10 m across the detachment area B (zone 2), and flowed into deep water beyond the platform F (zone 1). G: The final product; Zone 1Zone 2 Zone 3 B C the inset shows the giant sand- SHALLOW waves across the top of the breccia. ~100 m VE ~25

D ~5 km SHALLOW

Figure 5. Vertical units A to D, and conodont biofacies paleobathymetry. Units D and C, if 50 m present, are together: D is a zone of bedrock fluidization; C is giant clasts preserved in the pro- cess of tearing loose and incorporating into the slide. Unit B is chaotic debrite, beginning at the base of the breccia where unit C blocks were removed. Unit A, transitional upward from unit B, is a well-graded turbidite capping breccia every- where. Tufted symbols represent stromatoporoids; cones represent corals concentrated at the top.

4 GSA TODAY, January 1996 surface. The evolution of the diamictite is preserved in many localities, where within a distance of 1 m, intact bedrock changes laterally to a tight fracture- Figure 7. Characteristics of mosaic, a dilated fracture-mosaic, a unit D fluidization, showing melange of isolated and rotated fragments, nearly intact bedrock (right), and ultimately to the diamictite (Fig. 7). a mosaic of fractures (center), Unit D is preserved only where the huge dilation (left-center and blocks of unit C are actually or nearly in across base), and complete fluidization to calcareous original position over it. Where unit C diamictite (upper left). blocks were lifted, fragmented, and incor- porated into the unit B debrite, unit D was unprotected and scoured away. Throughout zone 2, the Alamo breccia rests at about the same stratigraphic level, where unit D cuts indiscriminately along the same or Unit A—Graded Bed. Unit A is a - Upper Boundary adjacent shallowing-upward carbonate- well-organized turbidite that transitionally Unit A usually exhibits complete platform cycles, rarely at a bed or cycle overlies the chaotic fabric of unit B. It grading from boulder conglomerate boundary. The massive unit C blocks, ranges from roughly graded meter-sized upward to calcareous mudstone. In zone directly above unit D, are (sub)parallel clasts near the middle of the breccia to an 1, the very fine grained top of the breccia to bedding and have ragged, sharp lateral exquisitely graded 5–30 m interval (100 m merges with overlying deep-water lime- terminations, beyond which the debrite in zone 1) at the top. The sorting process stones, and in zone 3 the karsted top is of unit B extends to the basal plane of left zones rich in domal boulder- to cob- overlain by peritidal carbonate-platform the breccia (Fig. 5). ble-sized stromatoporoids and their beds. However, zone 2 is more variable. Unit B—Chaotic Debrite. A bewil- hydraulically equivalent lithoclasts, frag- Pebble-sized clasts at the top may repre- dering spectrum of clast sizes, shapes, and ments of tabular stromatoporoids and sent the broad crests of giant sediment orientations characterizes unit B. The their hydraulic equivalents, and, near the waves, hundreds of meters apart (e. g., largest clasts are tabular, tens to hundreds top, concentrations of fragmented corals, Bretz, 1969; Moore and Moore, 1988), per- of meters in longest dimension, and fully brachiopods, and their equivalents. haps stranded above sea level. They may encased in unit B matrix, in contrast to The topmost 1 m commonly exhibits have separated parallel linear lagoonal the unit C clasts along the base of the calcarenite cross-bed sets up to 30 cm depressions, evidenced at other localities breccia. Smaller unit B clasts are tabular high, representing the climbing ripples by bioturbation across the upper contact. to equidimensional (Fig. 8), and some of Bouma turbidite interval C, overlain are intricately deformed or preserved in by a thin, finer grained, horizontally lami- EXOTIC COMPONENTS the process of peripheral fragmentation nated Bouma interval D. At some localities Three significant exotic components into finer grained matrix. At some locali- the upper 1 m exhibits compound grading occur within the Alamo breccia and are not ties, multiple slabs >100 m long rode over caused by repeated scour and fill during present in overlying and underlying beds. one another toward the top of the breccia waning runoff. and formed logjamlike megafabrics. Beds The top of unit A also contains rare Shocked Quartz Grains at the base of unit B are preserved in all large clasts, as much as 10 × 30 m, that Insoluble residues of conodont sam- stages of being ripped up, injected below interrupt the graded profile. They suggest ples from the Alamo breccia concentrate by matrix, torn away, and incorporated that the underlying debris flow still moved unusual quartz grains (Fig. 10), common into the breccia. Figure 9 shows a as a viscous mass and that clasts from in zone 1 and progressively scarcer land- spectacular example. below were buoyed upward and incorpo- rated into the accumulating turbidite. Megabreccia continued on p. 6

Figure 8. Upper part of the Alamo breccia showing large clasts (beneath the Figure 9. A spectacular example of beds deformed and preserved in the pro- person) that are transitional to the graded bed above. The small, dark clasts cess of detachment and incorporation into the Alamo breccia, West Pahrana- are mostly whole or fragmented domal stromatoporoids. West Pahranagat gat Range. A folded package, ~20 m thick, was pried up along the base of Range. the slide by a huge, chisel-shaped clast moving from the right. The massive bed over the fold is 30-m-thick graded units B and A. Total breccia thickness is 60 m.

GSA TODAY, January 1996 5 Megabreccia continued from p. 5 required to fill the space evacuated by the debris flow. Such superwaves best account for the exotic deep-water punctata Zone ward. By optical petrography, these grains conodonts, which indicate a probable exhibit one to six sets of internal parallel water depth of >300 m at the impact site, lamellae and mosaic extinction, both typi- and the reworked Ordovician conodonts cal of shock metamorphism associated recovered from the breccia. The waves or with impacts (e.g., Stöffler and Langen- associated currents may also have trans- horst, 1994). By transmission electron ported Ir and shocked quartz from the microscopy (TEM), they reveal microme- impact site. An impact could have gener- ter-scale parallel deformation structures ated immense runoff from water ejecta and fractured and rotated crystal frag- and rainfall from condensed vapor, which ments between lamellae (Leroux et al., Figure 10. Thin section of a shocked-quartz grain swept debris off large areas of the adjacent 1995). The grains display unusual periph- showing four to six directions of shock lamellae, craton and flowed across all three lateral eral studding by crystals of iron oxides trains of inclusions along lamellae, and large dis- zones of the Alamo breccia. and sulfides (Fig. 10), which may represent placive hematite crystals; the longest grain dimen- sion is ~150 µm. diagenetic products or even impact phe- DISCUSSION nomena. The shocked grains were air- or water-borne from target rock. Distinctive attributes of the Alamo breccia separate it from all other known senting relatively high angle listric faults, Iridium catastrophic carbonate megabreccias. It removed lateral support at the platform Samples from within and above the was first recognized for its anomalous margin. Horizontal delamination along Alamo breccia were analyzed for Ir and epiplatform framework. Its shocked quartz the second set allowed seaward transport other elements that signify extraterrestrial and Ir strongly suggested an impact of overlying beds across zone 2 (Fig. 6D). material (Alvarez et al., 1980). Two sample trigger. Given an impact, seismic shock (3) The resulting debris flow created a profiles across the top of the breccia, ~100 could have induced movement on the westward-facing, flat-floored, epiplatform m apart in the Worthington Mountains platform-margin listric faults, causing depression, equal in volume to the (Figs. 1 and 2), showed similar results. loss of lateral support, and generated hori- bedrock removed, and induced gravity- Background Ir in the area is <10 parts per zontal epiplatform fractures, leading to driven landward-propagated tsunami(s). trillion (ppT). Sixteen samples spread ±0.5 platform delamination and failure. Radial By inertia the wave(s) overstepped the m from the breccia top showed slight Ir shock waves, similar to those accompany- headward slide scar and flooded the elevation, averaging 20.1 ppT, the maxi- ing thermonuclear detonations, may have adjacent platform of zone 3 (Fig. 6E). (4) mum being 39 ppT. Eight samples from delaminated the platform at a uniform Backwash stranded the thin breccia across 0.5–1.5 m below the top averaged 69.4 depth below the surface (unit D) and frac- zone 3, and dumped excess debris as a ppT, the maximum being 139 ppT. Results tured overlying beds into approximately seaward-thickening turbidite over the are not available for samples from 1.5–12 equal horizontal segments (unit C blocks). debrite of zones 2 and 1 (Fig. 6F). The m, but six samples from 12–55 m averaged Concurrently, or alternatively, abrupt debrite was still moving seaward, indi- only 8.5 ppT. The Ir may have been loading and unloading of superwaves over cated by absence of a clear debrite-tur- diagenetically mobilized a few meters platform bedrock, and/or shear from bidite contact and by the oversized downward from the breccia top. Alterna- catastrophic wave uprush and backwash, clasts that were rafted upward into the tively, the Ir was water-borne to the site caused rapid oscillation of subsurface pore accumulating turbidite. (5) Air- and/or (see Displaced Conodonts below) and pressures and induced fluidization along water-borne shocked-quartz grains, Ir- accumulated with the thick unit A graded unit D. bearing particles, and exotic conodonts bed, making the anomaly very significant Several characteristics of the Alamo were incorporated into the breccia matrix. because of the overwhelming carbonate breccia suggest that the impact was (6) As sea level equilibrated, the debris that must have greatly diluted any relatively small, located near our study breccia in zone 3 was exposed (and accumulating Ir (and shocked quartz). area, and created waves and/or currents eventually karsted), the shoreline was that brought a significant volume of near the slide scar, giant sandwaves Displaced Conodonts debris onto the platform. The reworked crossed the top and may have separated Collections from zone 1 and from conodonts and shocked quartz grains are linear lagoons, and water depths increased pebbly zones of units B and A in zone 2 progressively less abundant in landward across zone 2 into Zone 1 (Fig. 6F). The contain rare reworked Ordovician con- samples, and may have been water-borne. platform was temporarily converted from odonts, probably derived from admixed The broad Ir spike 0.5–1.5 m below the a rim to a ramp. (7) Post–Alamo event target-rock fragments, and punctata Zone top of the breccia suggests subaqueous deep-water limestones accumulated in deep-water conodonts, which were accumulation simultaneous with waning- zone 1 and outer zone 2, and shallow- probably preserved in the matrix. Both phase deposition. Most significantly, the water cyclic deposition eventually represent exotic elements, likely trans- volume of the Alamo breccia appears too resumed across inner zone 2 and zone 3. ported from the west beyond the platform great to have come only from the shallow The events shown in Figure 6 fail to margin. submarine slide shown in Figure 6. Zone 3 account for the excess volume of breccia contains significant breccia volume, but it that was spread across zone 3, approxi- DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY is landward of the slide; the depression mately filled the slide area of zone 2, across zone 2 is brim-full with breccia, but Our scenario for the origin of the and left a 130-m-thick deposit in zone 1. should have been initially almost empty Alamo breccia, shown in Figure 6, is We believe that a nearby extraterrestrial and have temporarily accumulated deeper consistent with our field observations impact intensified the processes dia- water sediments; the deposit in zone 1 is and sample data. (1) The setting for the grammed in Figure 6 and accounts for the 130 m thick, and extends westward for an breccia is the rimmed, flat-topped, Late volume observed. Superwave uprush and unknown distance. All these relations sug- Devonian carbonate platform of Nevada backwash amplified the tsunami generated gest that catastrophic waves, debris-laden (Fig. 6, A and B). (2) Movement on two by the debris-flow–sea-water exchange, sets of fractures (Fig. 6C) detached the enlarged the landward flood and with- platform. Failure along the first set, repre- drawal, and transported the sediment Megabreccia continued on p. 7

6 GSA TODAY, January 1996 Megabreccia continued from p. 6 REFERENCES CITED orogen, Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Alvarez, L. W., Alvarez, W., Asaro, F., and Michel, H. V., Geological Society of America, Geology of North 1980, Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous/Tertiary America, v. G-3, p. 9–56. from a nearby impact, brought the exotic extinctions: Science, v. 208, p. 1095–1108. Sandberg, C. A., and Warme, J. E., 1993, Conodont breccia components and required rock Bretz, J. H., 1969, The Lake Missoula floods and the dating, biofacies, and catastrophic origin of Late Devo- volume onto the platform. channeled scabland: Journal of Geology, v. 77, nian (early Frasnian) Alamo Breccia, southern Nevada: p. 505–543. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, A relatively small, local impact is also v. 25, no. 3, p. 77. implied, because accelerated biotic Clifton, H. E., editor, 1988, Sedimentologic conse- Sandberg, C. A., Ziegler, W., Dreesen, R., and Butler, J. L., extinctions are not documented within quences of convulsive geologic events: Geological Society of America Special Paper 229, 167 p. 1988, Late Frasnian mass extinction; conodont event the punctata Zone. However, the Late stratigraphy, global changes, and possible causes, in Devonian in general and the Frasnian- Cook, H. E., and Mullins, H. T., 1983, Basin margin Ziegler, W., ed., 1st International Senckenberg Confer- environment, in Scholle, P. A., et al., eds., Carbonate ence and 5th European Conodont Symposium (ECOS Famennian (F-F) boundary specifically depositional environments: American Association of V), Contribution 1: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senck- are times of extinction and rapid biotic Petroleum Geologists Memoir 33, p. 539–617. enberg, v. 102, p. 263–307. turnover perhaps unequaled in the Hine, A. C., and eight others, 1992, Megabreccia shed- Sharpton, V. L., and Ward, P. D., 1990, Global catastro- Paleozoic (e.g., Sandberg et al., 1988; ding from modern, low-relief carbonate platforms, phes in Earth history: Geological Society of America Nicaraguan Rise: Geological Society of America Bulletin, Special Paper 247, 631 p. McLaren and Goodfellow, 1990). The v. 104, p. 928–943. Alamo event occurred ~3 m.y. before the Silver, L. T., 1982, Introduction, in Silver, L. T., and Hut, P., Alvarez, W., Elder, W. P., Hansen, T., Kauffman, Schultz, P. H., eds., Geological implications of impacts F-F boundary, but may represent one of E. G., Keller, G., Shoemaker, E. M., and Weissman, P. R., of large asteroids and comets on the Earth: Geological several sequential events during the Devo- 1987, Comet showers as a cause of mass extinctions: Society of America Special Paper 190, p. xii–xix. Nature, v. 329, p. 118–126. nian (McGhee, 1994) that destabilized Smit, J., Roep, Th. B., Alvarez, W., Montanari, S., and many existing taxa and rendered them Leroux, H., Warme, J. E., and Doukhan, J. C, 1995, Claeys, P., 1994, Stratigraphy and sedimentology of KT Shocked quartz in the Alamo breccia, southern Nevada: plastic beds in the Moscow Landing (Alabama) outcrop: prone to extinction by the flux of subse- Evidence for a Devonian impact event: Geology, v. 23, Evidence for impact-related earthquakes and tsunamis quent impact, volcanic, eustatic, or other p. 1003–1006. [abs.], in New developments regarding the KT event and natural events (e.g., Hut et al., 1987). Macdonald, D. I. M., Moncrieff, A. C. M., and Butter- other catastrophes in Earth history: Lunar and Plane- worth, P. J., 1993, Giant slide deposits from a Mesozoic tary Institute Contribution 825, p. 119–120. CONCLUSIONS fore-arc basin, Alexander Island, Antarctica: Geology, Stöffler, D., and Langenhorst, F., 1994, Shock metamor- v. 21, p. 1047–1050. phism of quartz in nature and experiment: 1. Basic The Alamo breccia is one of the McGhee, G. R., Jr., 1994, Comets, asteroids, and observation, experiment, and theory: Meteoritics, v. 29, p. 155–181. largest catastrophic megabreccias known the Late Devonian mass extinction: Palaios, v. 9, p. 513–515. Warme, J. E., 1994, Catastrophic Alamo Breccia, Upper in terms of its area, thickness, volume, and Devonian, southeastern Nevada [abs.], in New develop- clast sizes. In 1990 the breccia was recog- McLaren, D. J., and Goodfellow, W. D., 1990, Geologi- cal and biological consequences of giant impacts: ments regarding the KT event and other catastrophes nized within a formation that had been Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 18, in Earth history: Lunar and Planetary Science Institute well studied by previous researchers. It p. 123–171. Contribution 825, p. 127–128. commonly forms the thickest cliff within Moore, G. W., and Moore, J. G., 1988, Large-scale Warme, J. E., and Sandberg, C. A., l995, The catas- trophic Alamo breccia of southern Nevada: Record Guilmette Formation outcrops (Fig. 3) but bedforms in boulder gravel produced by giant waves in Hawaii, in Clifton, H. E., ed., Sedimentologic conse- of a Late Devonian extraterrestrial impact: Courier was unnoticed or misinterpreted as reef, quences of convulsive geologic events: Geological Forchungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 188, W. Ziegler storm, karst, or tectonic breccias, and its Society of America Special Paper 229, p. 101–110. Commemorative Volume. huge clasts were unwittingly measured Moore, J. G., Normark, W. R., and Holcomb, R. T., Warme, J. E., Chamberlain, A. K., and Ackman, B. W., and described as being in situ. 1994, Giant Hawaiian underwater landslides: Science, 1991, The Alamo Event: Devonian cataclysmic breccia v. 264, p. 46–47. in southeastern Nevada: Geological Society of America We interpret the Alamo breccia to be Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 2, p. 108. one result of a nearby extraterrestrial Piper, D. J. W., Shor, A. N., and Clarke, J. E. H., 1988, The 1929 “Grand Banks” earthquake, slump, and Winterer, E. L., Metzler, C. V., and Sarti, M., 1991, impact. We have yet to understand the turbidity current, in Clifton, H. E., ed., Sedimentologic Neptunian dykes and associated breccias (Southern details of its genesis—we seek the crater. consequences of convulsive geologic events: Geological Alps, Italy and Switzerland): Role of gravity sliding Society of America Special Paper 229, p. 77–92. in open and closed systems: Sedimentology, v. 38, p. 381–404. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Poag, C. W., and Aubry, M.-P., 1995, Upper Eocene impactites of the U.S. east coast: Depositional origins, Ziegler, W., and Sandberg, C. A., 1990, The Late biostratigraphic framework, and correlation: Palaios, Devonian standard conodont zonation: Courier Supported by grants from the Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 121, p. 1–115. National Science Foundation (EAR- v. 10, p. 16-43. Manuscript received May 1, 1995; revision received 9106324) and UNOCAL. We thank B. W. Poole, F. G., and eight others, 1992, Latest Precambrian ■ to latest Devonian time: Development of a continental August 18, 1995; accepted September 20, 1995 Ackman, J. E. Estes-Jackson, Yarmanto, margin, in Burchfiel, B. C., et al., eds., The Cordilleran H.-C. Kuehner, and A. K. Chamberlain for results of their theses research (Colorado School of Mines) on the Guilmette Forma- tion and the Alamo breccia; W. Alvarez, A. K. Chamberlain, P. Claeys, H. E. Cook, P. E. Gretener, D. O. Hurtubise, W. N. GSA ON THE WEB Kent, J. R. Morrow, W. R. Page, W. J. Perry, F. G. Poole, and many others for field What’s new on the GSA home page on the World Wide Web? assistance and discussions; E. L. Winterer If you haven’t yet connected to the Web, the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is for interpretation of the detachment zone http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.html. at the base of the breccia; J. L. Butler and J. R. Morrow for processing conodont If you want to know more about The Publications section has a samples; H.-C. Kuehner for separating the GSA Employment Service or about monthly table of contents and abstracts of quartz grains; J. Skok for making thin becoming a GSA Campus Representative, articles for the GSA Bulletin and Geology. sections; M. Attrep and the late C. Orth check the Membership section, which Also in this section is a guide for authors for providing iridium analyses; H. Leroux also has information on nominating a preparing manuscripts for submission to for TEM identifications of shocked quartz; member to fellowship and on obtaining GSA publications. GSA Today issues are and R. R. Charpentier, P. Claeys, W. J. forms for applying to become a GSA posted here for downloading and viewing. Perry, and E. L. Winterer for manuscript Member or Student Associate. For Congressional Contact Informa- reviews. See the Geoscience Calendar tion, see the Administration section. ■ section for a listing of meetings of general geological interest.

GSA TODAY, January 1996 7 cutting thin sections. Cutting the rock and then grinding it down was all hand labor, but Walcott persisted through several hundred sections. No trilobite legs were known up to that time; in 1876 Walcott Here is the second Rock Star profile (the first appeared in the November 1995 issue proved conclusively from the presence of of GSA Today). Readers are encouraged to comment on this profile to History of Geology jointed appendages that trilobites were Division Chair William Brice, Department of Geology and Planetary Science, University of arthropods. Pittsburgh, Johnstown, Johnstown, PA 15904, [email protected]. To be more involved Late in 1876, Walcott became a with the history of geology, join GSA’s active History of Geology Division. special assistant to James Hall, the state paleontologist of New York, and the —Robert N. Ginsburg, for the GSA History of Geology Division second most prolific paleontologist in the world. Hall had known Walcott for years and kept stating that he would buy Walcott's collection. R. P. Whitfield had From Farmer-Laborer to Famous Leader: left, and Hall was in need of an assistant, especially to run operations during 1877 Charles D. Walcott (1850–1927) when he went to Europe. Another volume of the Palaeontology of New York had to be seen through the press, and the collections and exhibits in the New York State Ellis L. Yochelson A young Charles Museum were in terrible shape. Hall was U.S. Natural History Museum, Doolittle Wal- autocratic and operated generally by ter- Washington, DC 20560 cott. The back of this picture, rorizing his assistants; Walcott is the only copied from his one who did not coauthor with Hall and In today’s vernacular, Charles D. daily pocket who continued to publish under his own Walcott was probably a high school diary, bears the name. date 1873. At dropout. Without formal scientific train- this time Wal- Walcott was employed for little more ing, and Horatio Alger–like, he became cott was living than a year, but he remained in Albany, an outstanding scientist, member and on the Rust where he learned a great deal from study- president of the National Academy of farm, east of ing Hall's collections and library; he also Science, director of the Geological Survey, Trenton Falls, learned practical politics from lobbying and secretary of the Smithsonian New York, and for Hall in the state legislature. By good collecting fossils Institution. commercially fortune, he was hired in July 1879, as one Walcott became interested in collect- with William of the original members of the new United ing local fossils before he was a teenager; Rust. Photographs of Walcott are easy to date rela- States Geological Survey. Hall had written it seemed to be the thing boys did in tively, because a few years after 1873, he grew a a letter of support for Walcott, but it was Utica, New York. His father died when mustache. Subsequently, the amount of hair on R. P. Whitfield who obtained the position both the top and bottom of his head was less in for him. he was two. The whole family was in the each succeeding photograph. cotton milling business, and there is no Walcott's first year was as a temporary indication that Walcott received any geological assistant at $50 per month. He guidance into science from any of his were so good that in 1873 they sold one worked on the Colorado Plateau and relatives. Fortunately he met a retired collection to Louis Agassiz, the preemi- found the position of the Paleozoic-Meso- curator from the New York State Museum nent naturalist of the day, for what would zoic boundary in the course of measuring who had moved to Utica, and it was be $70,000 in 1995 dollars. In 1879, a section from the Cenozoic-Mesozoic Colonel Jewett who first gave him a Alexander Agassiz, Louis's son, paid them boundary in southern Utah down to the notion of what fossils meant. It was the modern equivalent of $80,000 for Devonian at Kanab Creek in the Grand equally fortunate that at age twelve, another collection. Walcott started spending summers at Walcott spent a week at the Museum nearby Trenton Falls, New York, helping of Comparative Zoology at Harvard in out on a farm during the Civil War. To September 1873, unpacking and arranging the paleontologist interested in the Middle the fossils he sold. This was his total Ordovician, Trenton Falls is another name involvement with college, but Professor for heaven, for the rocks are crowded with Agassiz impressed Walcott with the impor- fossils. Every rock in the farm fields was tance of learning about the appendages of fossiliferous. trilobites. Later, in the course of collecting Walcott's schooling at the Utica Free at a quarry a few hundred yards from the Academy, where there were only two or farm house, Walcott noticed fragments three teachers, ended when he was 18, that might have been of trilobite legs and and he may not have graduated; the hit on the notion of studying them by records of this period are lost. He tried working in a hardware store for a year, and hated it. At age 20 he went to live with A trio at Rust farm, Trenton Falls, New York. The William Rust, sometimes paying board center figure with the black beard and black hat is and sometimes helping with the farming, the young C. D. Walcott. The dandy on the right side which included spreading manure from of the picture is questionably identified as A. C. Peale, the cows. Rust, a farmer who also was a geologist with the Hayden Survey and, later, the U.S. Geological Survey. The bearded older man is unknown, interested in the local fossils, showed but he could be one of the elder members of the Rust fam- Walcott where and how to collect and ily. Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 95, Box 24, prepare. As collectors, Walcott and Rust No. SA 187.

8 GSA TODAY, January 1996 Canyon, more than two miles of rock. His work was so satisfactory that he was given a permanent position as assistant geologist and a 100% raise, to $100 a month. Although Walcott made contributions to paleobiology, throughout his career with the USGS his efforts were directed to Charles Doolittle Walcott, in 1913, posing with a pry bar in biostratigraphy—advising field geologists the fossil quarry he opened to on the age of sedimentary rocks by collect from the Middle Cam- studying fossils. brian Burgess Shale. In five sea- If there was ever a geologist who sons, he obtained more than deserves to be better known in America, 50,000 specimens from this locality, by splitting slabs day and incidentally one who had the most after day. In 1907, Walcott inappropriate middle name, it is Charles began a systematic study of the Doolittle Walcott. In 15 years, he wrote a Precambrian and lower Paleo- major monograph on Paleozoic fossils of zoic rocks of western Canada. the est, resolved the fundamental strati- His discovery of spectacular fos- graphic problems of the position of the sils in 1909 distracted him for some years from his basic pro- "Taconic" system, confirmed the sequence gram, but he was able to study of trilobite zones in the Cambrian, and the Cambrian rocks and fossils summarized the stratigraphy of the of the region and made a start Cambrian System of North America. on the Early Ordovician. His last In 1894, Walcott became the third field season was in 1925. director of the U.S. Geological Survey; he served for 13 years in this post. Toward the end of his directorship, John Wesley Powell had gotten crosswise with Congress. The Congress slashed the budget of the Geological Survey and then, when that did not work, they slashed the salary of Powell. When Walcott took over, USGS then expanded into work on water bring this treasure trove back to civiliza- it was at a lower salary than Powell had resources, more topographic mapping, and tion. He described the fossils, both animal received and it was to head a nearly bro- study of the national forests. While Wal- and plant, of the incredible deposit, and ken organization. In just a couple of years, cott was administering all these different then continued on with the stratigraphy Walcott had the agency back on track. The activities, he was still an active scientist. and paleontology of the overlying beds. He wrote on Cambrian jellyfish and Cam- Walcott had at his disposal the Smith- brian trilobites from China, and he made sonian Miscellaneous Collections and was significant advances in the understanding never one to waste an opportunity. He of Precambrian life. During this interval, filled five entire volumes of that series. Walcott also did most of the preliminary James Hall was the most prolific writer study for U.S. Geological Survey Mono- on American fossils, but if Walcott was graph 51, Cambrian Brachiopoda, for which not second, I cannot imagine who the volume of plates is as thick as the deserves that place. volume of text. Also during this time, Besides doing research part-time Walcott essentially ran the Carnegie Insti- while running the Smithsonian Institu- tution of Washington (1902–1905) and tion, Walcott had other duties. After 10 deserves full credit for establishing the years as vice-president of the National Carnegie Institution of Washington Academy of Sciences, he became president Geophysical Laboratory. (1916–1922). Before the start of World In 1907, Walcott became the fourth War I, G. E. Hale, the astronomer, and secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Walcott had formed the National Research He immediately began a program of field Council, and they applied science to investigations, mainly in Alberta and warfare, setting a pattern for the years British Columbia, and he was in the of World War II, 1941–1945. field every year until 1926. His research Quite apart from all this, Walcott program was essentially the same as decided that research on aviation was when he was at the USGS: to make known lagging in America. He steered the the stratigraphy and paleontology of the National Advisory Committee for Isotelus gigas (DeKay) from the Rust farm. pre-Trenton rocks. Aeronautics through Congress and was The matrix is late Middle Ordovician limestone Walcott worked long and hard on the its chairman for years. NACA is no more, of the Trenton Group. This beautifully preserved stratigraphy and paleontology adjacent to but it laid the foundation for the National trilobite is representative of the quality of the fos- Banff, Alberta, though he had two signifi- Aeronautics and Space Agency. If there is sils that Walcott and Rust sold to Louis Agassiz. On cant distractions from his field program. a great-grandfather of the space age, it the matrix are tool marks, an indication of some First, he was the first geologist to attempt is the paleontologist Charles Doolittle of the careful preparation done; in later years, ■ William Rust worked for the U.S. Geological Sur- geologic investigations around Mount Walcott. vey as both a collector and preparator. Walcott's Robson, the highest part of the Canadian Rust farm trilobites, which had the appendages Rockies. Second, he found the Middle For more on Walcott: preserved, were more significant biologically than Cambrian Burgess Shale and its incredible Yochelson, E. L., 1967, Charles Doolittle Walcott, this specimen, but they were studied by cutting biota. Walcott collected for five seasons to 1850–1927: National Academy of Sciences Biographical thin sections and are not photogenic. Memoirs, v. 39, p. 471–540.

GSA TODAY, January 1996 9 1995 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS If Geoscientists Went on Strike, Would Anybody Notice? David A. Stephenson South Pass Resources, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona

“To retain the respect of the community and to retain influence for good, we must When it was obvious a year ago be able to justify the existence of a society that the eminently fair GSA system devoted to investigation…. The question of electing officers would ensure my ‘Cui bono?’ [to whose benefit] will be asked, ascendancy to the presidency, I began and the answer cannot be avoided.” planning what my Presidential Address should focus on as a theme. “… the Society must have more to do with It was my intent to develop a scien- the outside world … if the outcome for sci- tific debate on the concept of “con- ence is to be what it should be.” nate water.” I planned to structure for John J. Stevenson you the role of ground-water flow sys- 1898 GSA Presidential Address: tems in creation of saline-water envi- “Our Society” ronments in deep sedimentary basins. I also considered speaking about the “science” of water-witching, using What is striking to me about Stevenson’s words is they came ample demonstrations that would have included audience just 10 years after GSA was founded for the promotion of pure participation. science. “We must justify our existence … Cui bono … the answer These thoughts became academic, for I was soon immersed cannot be avoided.” Let us look quickly at what others have said: in the geopolitical issues that dominated much of this year. It became obvious that we in the geosciences have a monumental void; one that should receive our utmost attention. In January, “The support of the geologist depends the outlook for a healthy community was rather dismal. There on public appreciation of the value of was much concern for the survival of a number of key activities, his services.” including the U.S. Geological Survey. There was frenzied activity to promote the geosciences, and the outlook brightened. Charles D. Walcott However, a postmortem on 1995 would reveal a number 1901 GSA Presidential Address: of unresolved issues: even though representatives of this Society “Outlook of the Geologist in America” joined others to exert damage control in meetings with Congress and other public representatives, the fateful hour is not the time to educate Congress or any other portion of the public. “The spirit of the hour seems to impel Questions remain. Can we identify the right question and me to … portray … some part of the implement solutions so that our community does not continue obligation of the State to our science in a crisis mode? I believe an appropriate question is: “If geoscien- and the responsibility of this science to tists went on strike, would anyone notice?” the State.” Unfortunately, we do not have the luxury of geologic time John M. Clarke on our side on this issue. It would be a fair conclusion to state 1916 GSA Presidential Address: and accept that the “public” has precious little knowledge of “The Philosophy of Geology and the what we do, how we do it, and why we do it. I’m afraid that Order of the State” few would notice were we to strike. The void that I mentioned deserves our attention. It has to do with our relationship to the public. It is this void that I wish “More clearly than ever before, is it to emphasize, recognizing that there is not universal acceptance necessary for us to view world affairs, of GSA’s role relative to addressing the void. The public is not and in them our own connections….” particularly friendly to the sciences at this time. In fact, the geosciences community is the recipient of a disproportionate John C. Merriam share of this unfriendliness. 1919 GSA Presidential Address: Part of the problem is that we hold a time-honored belief “Earth Sciences as the that the search for geologic understanding deserves a high-prior- Background of History” ity position relative to political attractiveness. We haven’t paid a whole lot of attention to a politician’s viewpoint. We have not paid much attention to a premise that we are citizens with a “Those who have a knowledge of geol- special responsibility to the public. ogy have a vast educational advantage How am I using this word “public”? Hopefully, not as “a over those who have none.” public nuisance,” but more as “conducted in public” or “to make public” (to cause to become generally known). “As geology becomes rounded out, … It was decided to look to history for what other GSA presi- it will have surpassing value in the dents have said. A surprising number of the 106 previous presi- education of mankind.” dents have implored this Society to be involved with the public. R. A. F. Penrose, Jr. The first to do so was John Stevenson, president #10. 1930 GSA Presidential Address: “Geology as an Agent in Human Welfare”

10 GSA TODAY, January 1996 “If we are not skilled in literary arts— “There is a scarcity of geologists at least we can be brief. How often in among the scientific advisors to plodding through elaborate introduc- Congress … on matters of national tory passages, petrographic descrip- policy.” tions, and the like, do we feel like “… by ‘role’ I do not mean simply the exhorting with Petruchio ‘Come on, normal day-to-day activities of the O God’s Sake!’” geologist (no matter how important “We derive our livelihood from a soci- these may be to the institution or ety of non-geologists, and our moral strength is sus- industry with which he or she may be connected), but tained by serving that society.” rather the active advisory and consultative function that can be performed only by one with the perspective and “Geologists must convey more to society…. When the range of knowledge possessed by the geologist.” (Nolan interval between intellectual classes and the practical was the first GSA president to use the word “she” classes is too great, the former will possess no influence, in a presidential address.) the latter will reap no benefit. The interval is widening.” “… the profession can contribute to … public service by “In the mid-1850s, leaders of geology were physicians, … emphasis on interpretation and prediction in our lawyers, clergymen … now leaders are a group of highly- geologic thinking. The Geological Society of America … specialized scientists barricaded to the public by tech- might well seek ways by which it could take the lead in nique and learned jargon.” this endeavor.” W. H. Collins Thomas B. Nolan 1934 GSA Presidential Address: 1961 GSA Presidential Address: “Geology and Literature” “Role of the Geologist in the National Economy”

[An opposing viewpoint] “… in the sense of acceptance of [geology’s] relation to life, “… this public disinterest in scientific ques- to society, and to the problems of civiliza- tions is in considerable measure the conse- tion, its pioneering days are over.” quence of the deplorable state into which instruction in mathematics and science in “[Geology] has no responsibility to an our … public schools has been allowed to impatient public…. It has no obligations degenerate….” other than to geologic science itself.” M. King Hubbert W. C. Mendenhall 1962 GSA Presidential Address: 1936 GSA Presidential Address: “Are We Retrogressing in Science?” “Development and Present Status of Geology in North America”

“… there is the urgent need to carry our science and our message to the “… the expert scientist is under great people.…” obligation to deserve the confidence of the public.” “If our science is to stay fully solvent, geologists must find out how to pre- “To insure a well-informed and intelli- sent their research and … its values in gent people is a most difficult task…. terms that John D. Citizen can appre- It means educating more people and ciate. To a greater degree … we must educating most of them longer….” become … more people-oriented.” “… the great majority should under- “… it becomes most important that we should strive for stand what Science is, what it stands public understanding … or our science will neither get for, and its value to society.” support nor merit support.” “… part of the general public has a “… such a goal should become part of GSA’s manifest rather confused impression about destiny, however much it might cause some of our Science….” founding fathers … to shudder at the thought that we Eliot Blackwelder might risk getting our feet a little bit muddy in the 1940 GSA Presidential Address: political arenas…” “Science and Human Prospects” Ian Campbell 1968 GSA Presidential Address: “Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin”

Presidential Address continued on p. 12

GSA TODAY, January 1996 11 Presidential Address continued from p. 11 or within his professional associations—address the public out- reach issue? Again, Byerly and Pielke described the scientist’s “Let us … lend our knowledge of the response to those changing expectations: “Some scientists earth to those public and private men observe that the changing environment [between scientists and whose responsibility it is to use the society] necessitates fundamental change, others think that sci- earth more wisely….” ence just needs to tell its story better, and others … hunker down, waiting for the storm to pass. “ “We should never become so The main issue, from my perspective, is not why geoscientists preoccupied with our science … should become involved with public perceptions. I believe the that we neglect the one activity that crux of the problem is how the geoscientist should or can become … will do the most to assure us unquestioned, profes- more effective. Among the possible solutions are: sional respect: service to our communities, our schools, • Consider the value of your geoscience research or projects and our cities, our states, and our nation.” actively communicate that value to the public by whatever “… we must embrace change.” means is available to you or your institution. Include nongeo- Morgan J. Davis scientists among the immediate beneficiaries of knowledge 1969 GSA Presidential Address: that we garner and disseminate. “The New Geology” • Use jargon-free language: surprisingly few nongeoscientists understand geologic terminology. According to Murphy’s Law, “If a [reader] does not understand a particular word in a piece “… there is need, also, for GSA to involve of technical writing, ignore it. The piece will make perfect itself more outwardly in national and pub- sense without it. “ lic affairs, where geology has an important • Work with teachers at all grade levels. role to play. ” • Convey views to your elected representatives; make it a point Howard R. Gould to introduce yourself and offer your expertise as a reference on 1981 GSA Presidential Address: geologic or environmental issues that evolve during the course “GSA—A Legacy and a New Era” of formatting legislation. I cannot more eloquently state what other GSA presidents have urged. The need for geologists to interface with the public “If we want the world to pay greater atten- is no longer simply a philosophical debate. If the value of geo- tion to geology, and if we want decision sciences is not understood or recognized outside of our own makers to allocate more resources for geol- esteemed community, and funding is denied or reduced, then we ogy, then we need to demonstrate the as a community are in for a different kind of change. Whether we importance of geology in public affairs, choose to change and become more proactive—or we are forced and we must accept our public obligation to act—either way, change is upon the geoscience community. To to be good citizen-geologists.” paraphrase another Murphy’s Law: For any situation, the proper E-an Zen course of action is always determined by subsequent events. 1992 GSA Presidential Address: I say, enjoy your science in whatever venue most interests “The Citizen Geologist” you, be it as a purist or a multidisciplined, outreach-oriented person. But share your spirit and discoveries with other than your colleagues. Participate in non-GSA activities. “We must become part of the decision- Consider the change upon us by viewing the differences making process in the policy arena, between a 1968 report to Council and a 1987 report to Council: not just providers of data.” 1968 Committee for the Promotion of the Science of Geology: Recommended that the Society should not carry out or inaugurate Robert D. Hatcher, Jr. programs specifically oriented toward geologic education. 1993 GSA Presidential Address: 1987 Committee on the Path to the Year 2000: Specifically “Is Our Past the Key to Our Future?” recommended that GSA establish a public education office. (The expressed belief was that the earth science profession In all of my emphasis on the urgency of recognizing and has a responsibility for the education of the general public.) implementing our public responsibility, I do not want to detract The year 1968 must have been an exciting year to be on the from the mission or goals of this Society. Our purpose is to GSA Council. Campbell was president and Davis was vice-presi- advance the science of geology. Our goals include public scien- dent. Look back on their respective comments in their presiden- tific awareness through geoscience education. Good science is tial addresses. Campbell said GSA has a manifest destiny to carry equally as important today as it was in 1888 to our founding our message to the public (including, presumably, engaging in fathers, but balance is a key concept. With the issue of public geologic education). Davis said that we must embrace change. awareness before us, some key questions are: Quite a contrast to the 1968 committee report. 1. What should the geological community hope to achieve We’ve come a long way in recent years. We have numerous through public awareness and outreach? Some achievements highly qualified scientists in GSA, as exemplified by the awards could include: creation of an environment of freedom of choice, presented at the 1995 meeting. We, however, have a fairly low job continuity, financial support for research, education of the percentage of the membership who are scientists reaching out to public regarding the role of geology in everyday life, or public the public. Those few need your help. Now! appreciation for the application of geology to the wise use of the Starting with at least Bert Bally as GSA president and contin- earth. Radford Byerly Jr. and Roger A. Pielke Jr., in the September uing through Bill Dickinson, there has been an ever-growing sup- 1995 issue of Science (v. 269, p. 153), argued that, in addition port of GSA’s involvement in public education and outreach. Let’s to meeting its own internal standards, “science must meet two keep it going and aggressively grow those activities. related external conditions: (1) democratic accountability includ- In closing, I wish to acknowledge the strong support from ing accountability to social goals, and (2) sustained political sup- GSA headquarters staff in making my term in office so satisfying. port.” Whatever the geoscience goal for public interface may be, In particular, my sincere appreciation goes to Don Davidson, to achieve that goal requires that we be wise and creative. Royann Gardner, Pat Chenworth, and Sue Beggs. To my fellow 2. How can the average geoscientist—either as an individual Officers and Council colleagues, I also say “Thank you.” ■

12 GSA TODAY, January 1996 David A. Clague GSA Bulletin Update U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaii David E. Eby Lynn Walter, John Geissman—Editors, GSA Bulletin Eby Petrography & Consulting Philippe Erdmer University of Alberta Welcome to 1996! The past year was practices and of sufficient length to be Raymond C. Fletcher an active one for the GSA Bulletin, with valuable in-depth contributions. Exxon Production Research Co. new manuscript submissions up more The Bulletin will continue to provide Robert A. Gastaldo than 20% from 1994. The diversity of the an opportunity for publication of rela- Auburn University science submitted to the Bulletin has tively long papers involving fully detailed Bernard Hallet increased—more manuscripts are coming and comprehensive research. However, we University of Washington, Seattle from the fields of surface processes, active are also publishing shorter, topical papers John R. Henderson tectonics, and hydrogeology. The Bulletin of broad interest. There is nothing wrong Geological Survey of Canada is also becoming more international, with with a 5 or 6 page Bulletin article! Our Charles F. Kahle several high-quality contributions from turnaround time is now competitive, so Bowling Green State University overseas. You may have noticed the evo- please consider the Bulletin as a well-read Susan M. Kidwell lution in cover art. We have made these outlet for these shorter, timely articles. University of Chicago changes in the interest of updating the The success of our system and the Willem Langenberg look and reflecting the diverse content ultimate quality of the Bulletin depend Alberta Research Council of the Bulletin. largely on the Associate Editors, who Walter L. Manger Perhaps most significantly, we have provide their time and expertise to the University of Arkansas streamlined many manuscript handling authors, the readers, and the Society. We Hugh H. Mills procedures. Our editorial assistants, Vicky thank the Bulletin Associate Editors who Tennessee Technological University Hover and Catherine Ratcliff, make the completed their terms with us in 1995: Andrew V. Okulitch electronic mail, phone, and postal con- Geological Survey of Canada tacts with reviewers and Associate Editors. Gail M. Ashley Victor A. Ramos The new practices have paid off in more Rutgers University University of Buenos Aires rapid publication of most contributions. John M. Bartley Marith Reheis Right now, the average time from submis- University of Utah U.S. Geological Survey, Denver sion to publication is about 7 months! George H. Brimhall Jr. John W. Shervais In 1996 we plan to solicit, with the University of California, Berkeley University of South Carolina help of our Associate Editors, overview Douglas W. Burbank Peter R. Vogt manuscripts summarizing the state of University of Southern California Naval Research Laboratory research in actively developing areas of Robert F. Butler Stephen W. Wheatcraft broad interest in the earth sciences. These University of Arizona University of Nevada, Reno critical overviews will be both timely Bruce H. Corliss James R. Wood because of improved manuscript handling Duke University Michigan Technological University ■

1996 GSA DIVISION OFFICERS

ARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOLOGY GEOSCIENCE EDUCATION PLANETARY GEOLOGY Edwin R. Hajic ...... Chair Barbara M. Manner . . . . Chair Larry S. Crumpler ...... Chair E. James Dixon ...... First Vice-Chair Ellen P. Metzger ...... First Vice-Chair James R. Zimbelman . . . First Vice-Chair June E. Mirecki ...... Second Vice-Chair David W. Mogk ...... Second Vice-Chair G. Jeffrey Taylor ...... Second Vice-Chair William C. Johnson . . . . Secretary-Treasurer David F. Mastie ...... Secretary-Treasurer Cassandra R. Coombs . . Secretary-Treasurer Margaret J. Guccione . . . Past Chair Robert W. Ridky ...... Past Chair Odette B. James ...... Past Chair COAL GEOLOGY HISTORY OF GEOLOGY QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND John H. Calder ...... Chair William R. Brice ...... Chair GEOMORPHOLOGY James R. Staub...... First Vice-Chair Paul R. Seaber ...... First Vice-Chair William L. Graf ...... Chair Brenda S. Pierce...... Second Vice-Chair (to be elected) ...... Second Vice-Chair Karen L. Prestegaard . . . . First Vice-Chair Cortland F. Eble ...... Secretary William M. Jordan . . . . . Secretary-Treasurer Leslie D. McFadden . . . . Second Vice-Chair James C. Hower ...... Past Chair Robert N. Ginsburg . . . . Past Chair J. Steven Kite ...... Secretary-Treasurer Steven M. Colman . . . . . Past Chair ENGINEERING GEOLOGY HYDROGEOLOGY John R. Giardino ...... Chair John W. Hess, Jr...... Chair SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY Helen L. Delano ...... Chair-Elect Warren W. Wood ...... First Vice-Chair Rebecca J. Dorsey ...... Chair Vincent S. Cronin . . . . . Secretary Darryll T. Pederson . . . . . Second Vice-Chair Richard A. Davis, Jr. . . . . First Vice-Chair Michael W. Hart ...... Past Chair John F. Harsh ...... Secretary-Treasurer Timothy A. Cross ...... Second Vice-Chair Donald I. Siegel ...... Past Chair Steven G. Crews ...... Secretary-Treasurer GEOPHYSICS John P. Grotzinger . . . . . Past Chair Alan R. Levander ...... Chair INTERNATIONAL Kenneth P. Kodama . . . . First Vice-Chair James W. Skehan ...... President STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND Eugene D. Humphreys . . Second Vice-Chair Ian W. D. Dalziel ...... First Vice-President TECTONICS G. Randy Keller ...... Secretary-Treasurer Gabor Tari ...... Second John M. Bartley ...... Chair John W. Geissman . . . . . Past Chair Vice-President Terry L. Pavlis ...... First Vice-Chair Suzanne Mahlburg Kay. . Secretary-Treasurer Vicki L. Hansen ...... Second Vice-Chair Pinar Oya Yilmaz ...... Past President Arthur G. Goldstein . . . . Secretary-Treasurer Edward C. Beutner . . . . . Past Chair

GSA TODAY, January 1996 13 WASHINGTON REPORT • inferred reserves—the difference between proved reserves and the Bruce F. Molnia remaining recoverable resources in known fields. Washington Report provides the GSA membership with a window on the activities of the • indicated reserves—identified oil federal agencies, Congress and the legislative process, and international interactions that resources in known productive reser- could impact the geoscience community. In future issues, Washington Report will present voirs in existing fields in addition to summaries of agency and interagency programs, track legislation, and present insights into measured reserves that are expected to Washington, D.C., geopolitics as they pertain to the geosciences. respond to improved recovery tech- niques (part of inferred reserves). • field—an individual producing unit consisting of a single pool or multiple National Assessment of pools of hydrocarbons grouped on, or related to, a single structural or strati- U.S. Oil and Gas Resources graphic feature. • accumulation—a single oil or gas deposit as defined by the trap, charge, The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) The term “assessment” is frequently and reservoir characteristics of the play. recently released the 1995 National used to describe an inventory. With this • play—a set of known or postulated oil Assessment of United States Oil and Gas Assessment, this is not the case. The Assess- and/or gas accumulations sharing simi- Resources, a report summarizing the results ment deals with largely unknown quanti- lar geologic, geographic, and temporal of a three-year study by more than 50 ties of oil and gas. It attempts to bound the properties. earth scientists of the oil and gas resources uncertainties concerning potential addi- • play area—the two-dimensional plan of onshore areas and state waters (gener- tions to oil and gas reserves existing in the extent over which a play concept is con- ally out to the three-mile limit) of the onshore United States and beneath state sidered to be valid and within which all United States. A similar analysis of the oil waters. This geological assessment, done known accumulations and potential for and gas resources of the federal outer con- without regard to political or economic undiscovered accumulations or other ad- tinental shelf (the area beyond the three- considerations, makes no attempt to pre- ditions to reserves within the play exists. mile limit) is being performed by the Min- dict at what time or what part of potential • play attributes—geologic characteristics erals Management Service (MMS). additions will be added to reserves. that describe principal properties of and The USGS assessment was conducted Accompanying the Assessment are sev- necessary conditions for the occurrence at the play level. The methodology used eral pages of necessary vocabulary, consist- of oil and/or gas accumulations of the required estimation of the sizes, numbers, ing of useful terms needed to fully grasp minimum size (1 million barrels [MB] of and types of undiscovered conventional the methodology and significance of the oil or 6 billion cubic feet [BCF] of gas) accumulations of oil and gas and estima- Assessment. These include: within the defined parameters of a play. tion of play risk. Numerous techniques • undiscovered resources—resources pos- • charge (a play attribute)—the occurrence were employed to make the estimates. tulated from geologic information and of conditions of hydrocarbon generation They included reservoir-simulation theory to exist outside of known oil and migration adequate to cause an modeling, discovery-process modeling, and/or gas fields. accumulation of the minimum size. application of analogs, and spatial analy- • technically recoverable resources— • reservoir (a play attribute)—the occur- sis. Commodities assessed were crude oil, resources in accumulations producible rence of reservoir rocks of sufficient natural gas, and natural gas liquids (NGL) using current recovery technology but quantity and quality to permit the that can be expected to be produced from without reference to economic prof- containment of oil and/or gas in vol- the subsurface through a well. Excluded itability. umes sufficient for an accumulation of from the assessment were gas dissolved • measured (proved) reserves—that part of the minimum size. in geopressured brines, resources in tar the identified economic resource that is • trap (a play attribute)—the occurrence deposits, resources in oil shales, and estimated from geologic evidence sup- of those structures, pinch-outs, perme- gas hydrates. ported directly by engineering data. ability changes, and similar features The results of the assessment are • conventional accumulation—a discrete necessary for the entrapment of oil available in both printed form and deposit, usually bounded by a down-dip and/or gas in at least one accumulation CD-ROM from the USGS, Information water contact, from which oil, gas, or of the minimum size. Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, NGL can be extracted using traditional • confirmed play—a play within which Denver, CO 80225. The 20-page paper development practices. one or more accumulations of the mini- version has been released as USGS Circular • NGL—natural gas liquids. mum size had been discovered. 111, while the CD-ROM, subtitled Results, • continuous-type deposit—a hydrocar- • hypothetical play—a play that was iden- Methodology, and Supporting Data is avail- bon accumulation that is pervasive tified and defined based on geologic able as USGS Digital Data Series (DDS) throughout a large area, for which the information but for which no accumu- release number 30. Additional information standard methodology for assessment of lations of the minimum size had been can be obtained from Don Gautier at sizes and numbers of discrete accumula- discovered. MS-960 at the above address. tions is not appropriate. • play probability—the product of the prob- The purpose of the assessment is to • unconventional deposit—hydrocarbon abilities of the three play attributes; an estimate and develop, using the best deposits of a type that historically has estimate expressed as a decimal fraction. available scientific methodology, a set of not been produced using traditional • conditional estimates—sizes, numbers, scientifically based hypotheses concerning development practices. or volumes of oil or natural gas that are the amount of oil and gas that can be • field growth (inferred reserves)—identi- estimated to exist in an area, assuming added to the already measured (proven) fied resources over and above measured that they are present. reserves of the United States. The Assess- (proved) reserves that will be added to • risked estimates—resources that are esti- ment consists of a series of constructs or existing fields through extension, revi- mated to exist, including the possibility hypotheses, based on the best information sion, improved recovery efficiency, and and theory available. the addition of new pools or reservoirs. Washington Report continued on p. 15

14 GSA TODAY, January 1996 Washington Report continued from p. 14 were continuous-type plays and the re- reserves total 135.1 TCF. The mean esti- mainder were conventional plays. Of the mate of undiscovered NGL is about 7 BB. that the area may be devoid of oil or 460 conventional plays, 373 conventional The Assessment estimated that reserve natural gas. plays were assessed. Of these, 290 are con- growth could add 60 BB to oil reserves in • cumulative probability distributions firmed plays and 83 are hypothetical plays. known fields, and 322 TCF of natural gas from resource estimates—graphical According to Gautier, there are approx- could be added to reserves in known fields depictions of estimated resource vol- imately 110 billion barrels (BB) of techni- during the period until the year 2071. Tech- umes presented with associated cumula- cally recoverable oil onshore and beneath nically recoverable hydrocarbon resources tive probabilities of occurence. state waters. The mean estimate of undis- from continuous-type accumulations are The Assessment addresses three covered technically recoverable conven- substantial. The mean estimate for natural categories of resources: undiscovered tional oil resources is slightly more than 30 gas resources in continuous-type deposits conventional accumulations of oil and gas; BB. Of this amount, more than 6 BB of oil exceeds 300 TCF; for crude oil it is about future additions to reserves of known fields exist in accumulations smaller than 1 mil- 2 BB; and for NGL it is about 2 BB. (reserve growth or field growth—an esti- lion barrels of oil. Reserve growth in con- The Assessment confirms observations mate of inferred reserves); and oil and gas ventional fields has a mean value of 60 BB, that oil production in the United States is in continuous-type accumulations (a cate- while continuous-type accumulations in in decline, as it has been since 1971. Oil's gory similar to "unconventional" categories sedimentary rocks have a mean value of future is uncertain. The natural gas situa- of other analyses). For this study, the 2.1 BB. Measured (proven) reserves total tion is different. Production is still increas- United States was divided into eight 20.2 BB. ing, and the resource is more plentiful. regions, encompassing 72 separate prov- The mean estimate of undiscovered The Assessment shows that industry will inces. The provinces are based on natural technically recoverable conventional need to increase drilling and the nation geologic entities and may include a single natural gas is about 259 trillion cubic feet will have to address a variety of technolog- dominant structural element or several (TCF). About 45 TCF exist in fields of less ical and land-use considerations even to contiguous elements. Geographically, 560 than 6 billion cubic feet. Measured maintain delivery at present levels. plays were identified, of which about 100 As the United States approaches the next century, more energy is being consumed, most of it from fossil fuels. The 1995 Assessment is a critical tool in the battle to keep pace with this ever- growing demand for energy. It provides a scientifically based, nonadvocacy approach for providing the nation with critically needed information for future Congressional energy decision making. ■ Science Fellowship 1996–1997

he Geological Society of America the Fellow’s particular area, and a T is accepting applications for the strong interest in working on a range 1996–1997 Congressional Science of public policy problems. Fellowship. The Fellow selected will spend a year (September 1996– Award August 1997) in the office of an indi- The GSA Congressional Science vidual member of Congress or a con- Fellowship carries with it a $42,000 gressional committee for the purpose stipend, and limited health insurance, of contributing scientific and techni- relocation, and travel allowances. The cal expertise to public policy issues fellowship is funded by GSA and by a and gaining firsthand experience with grant from the U.S. Geological Survey. the legislative process. The American (Employees of the USGS are ineligible Association for the Advancement of to apply for this fellowship. For infor- Science conducts an orientation pro- mation about other programs, contact gram to assist the Fellow seeking a AAAS or the Geological Society of congressional staff position in which America.) he or she can work on major legisla- To Apply tive issues. Procedures for application and Criteria detailed requirements are available The program is open to highly in the geology departments of most qualified postdoctoral to mid-career colleges and universities in the United earth scientists. Candidates should States or upon request from: Executive have exceptional competence in some Director, Geological Society of area of the earth sciences, cognizance America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, of a broad range of matters outside CO 80301.

DEADLINE FOR RECEIPT OF ALL APPLICATION MATERIALS IS FEBRUARY 1, 1996

GSA TODAY, January 1996 15 SAGE REMARKS

is a very dangerous place As we approach the 21st century, dramatic changes are taking place in higher for us to practice our profession, education. Shrinking budgets and escalating tuition costs are increasing financial this list should give us all pause. We can pressures on institutions. At the same time, public and legislative concerns are forc- take no pleasure in the fate of many valu- ing a reexamination of items such as the balance between faculty teaching and able and conscientious colleagues; we research, the rationale and need for tenure, and the responsibility of colleges and should learn a lesson. This list of schools universities to society. spans the gamut: public and private The following article by P. Geoffrey Feiss of the University of North Carolina research institutions, comprehensive uni- highlights some of the problems geology departments face as they attempt to remain versities, historically black colleges and viable academic units. (A previous version of this article was published in the GSA universities, liberal arts colleges. Southeastern Section newsletter, no. 7, Fall 1995.) Comments and suggestions about How, we ask incredulously, can this issue should be sent to Edward E. Geary, Coordinator for Educational Programs, anyone cut geology at a time when global Geological Society of America, 3300 Penrose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO change, earth systems science, environ- 80301. (303) 447-2020; fax: 303-447-1133; E-mail: [email protected]. mental degradation are on everyone's lips? As an academic administrator charged with strategic planning for a college of arts and sciences, I can tell you. Such The Survival of Academic Geology Programs questions and viewpoints are unlikely to be addressed (unless there is a geoscientist P. Geoffrey Feiss, University of North Carolina in the room). Rather, the kinds of issues that are raised and, which, therefore, you should prepare to address are: (1) Demand. We all need to care about the stability are seen as peripheral to the main intellec- What is the demand for your graduates? of academic geology programs in perilous tual action. We show up at faculty meet- What do they do? (2) Quality. How good times. If we do not, we may wander out of ings in boots and flannel shirts—if we are you? What is required to keep you this the field one August to find that our alma show up. good? To make you better? (3) Cost. How mater has moved Materials Science or, I can list places in the GSA Southeast- expensive are you? Or, put crassly, how scarier, Cultural Studies into the earth ern Section where geology has disappeared much money can be realized by axing science building. or been given the fright of its life: Univer- you? (4) Centrality. How important are Part of the geomystique is that real sity of Virginia, Old Dominion University, you to the mission and overall goals of earth scientists don't have to put up with Virginia State, George Mason University, your school or college? petty bureaucrats and silly deans. We let Birmingham-Southern College, University English professors and sociologists mess of Maryland, Emory University. Aside with campus politics, since we have real from the obvious conclusion that Virginia SAGE Remarks continued on p. 17 science to do. We blow off academic committees and bypass administrative assignments to revel in the mudrocks and mosquitoes, the briars and basaltic PEP TALK andesites. Barbara L. Mieras, Partners for Education Program Manager As one who is swimming upstream of this geological tradition of anti-admin- istrative fervor, and needing to justify my PEP Members Update class treason, I mount this pedestal to We were delighted to see so many PEP members at GSA’s 1995 Annual Meeting argue that the tradition of leaving the in New Orleans and to meet the more than 60 new members who registered at the petty details of academic administration PEP booth. We’d also like to offer a special greeting to more than 100 new PEP to others is hazardous to our health. My members who joined us in response to GSA’s fall membership mailing. Welcome! warning: Do not let intellectual arrogance close you out of important conversations Thanks to everyone who sent a photo to light up our PEP booth in New that are, I assure you, going on in your Orleans. Your smiles added a lot to our display, and exhibit-goers enjoyed looking central administration building as I write. for (and occasionally finding!) familiar faces among the Partners. We were glad to You do not need to be told that, pub- see all of you who attended the PEP Reception—thanks for coming to talk about lic or private, large or small, the golden Partnering issues and concerns or just to visit with other Partners. The Earth Science days of the past 50 years in academia are Educators’ Social Hour, Rock Raffle, and Share-A-Thon were hits; we know from the over. Every college and university is look- PEP Rock Raffle coupons you turned in that at least a couple dozen Partners were ing to downsize, reengineer, reallocate— there bidding on the outstanding rock and mineral specimens. Thanks to all partici- euphemisms aside, to cut programs. pants and donors for your support! For too many deans, provosts, vice- Finally, a huge thanks from PEP and SAGE to all the donors and participants chancellors, and others of that stripe, in the GeoRaffle. The raffle raised over $200 to benefit programs for K–12 teachers, geology as a discipline looks expendable. and the raffle prizes will be put to good use in classrooms across the country and Academic administrators schooled in Canada. The generous folks who contributed prizes include: in the canon of western culture cannot conceive of a university or college without American Geological Institute Geological Society of America Scott Resources physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, Earth Magazine Educational Programs Tasa Graphics Earth’nware Jet Propulsion Laboratory University of Chicago Press and so on. They can see, and may have Geological Society of America National Earth Science Teachers W.H. Freeman & Company graduated from, an institution without a Bookstore Association Wright State University geology department. Such departments Oklahoma Geological Survey may be small and relatively powerless. We

16 GSA TODAY, January 1996 SAGE Remarks continued from p. 16 regards. Be sure to compare yourself with know that you have achieved these goals other physical sciences, with geography, in 4–5 years. Then, achieve them. You should not wait to be asked. Begin with environmental science on your own Centrality. Here is where the real to think this through. With respect to each campus. Talk about how you could work can be done by any geology program of the issues above, here are some suggested improve with no additional resources. worth its salt. Look at your curriculum. Is answers or strategies from the perspective of (Deans like the sound of that.) How can it working? If the bean-counters want bod- someone who worries about these things: this be done, you ask? Work harder. Focus ies, devise courses in global change, geol- Demand. Track your students; on the things you do well and stop doing ogy of the national parks, and the like. keep in touch and find out what they it all. There is a very fine line between Geology is an interdisciplinary science. are doing. If they are nongeologists, let being entrepreneurial and opportunistic Build curricular and research linkages with them tell you how much being a geomajor and chasing every trend and request for marine science, environmental science, has helped them as teachers, insurance proposals that comes along. Invest in evolutionary biology, public policy, saleswomen, cabbies. Use American defining the things you are good at and geography. Participate in math or writing Geological Institute, National Science thinking about the things you should dis- across the curriculum, your honors Foundation, and National Academy of continue. Make some hard decisions. program, the freshman experience. It is a Science–National Research Council docu- Always remember that administrators lot harder for an administrator to excise a ments to support your contention that need successes. That could be you, and if unit that is teaching half the freshman the earth sciences are important to the you do all the work, they are more than science courses or is team-teaching with a nation's future. Find an example of a happy to take the credit. bunch of other departments, which would student who is making a huge difference Cost. This is a hard one. You need a be negatively impacted if you are cut. If in the welfare of your region or the nation sense of the goals of your administration. merger with other programs is in the off- as a geoscientist. (If it turns out that such Are you at risk because they desperately ing, accept it and be sure you keep an people do not exist, it's time to rethink the need money from someone to balance the identity and control your fate. way you are doing things!) Parenthetically, budget this year, or are they more generi- Finally, get involved with policy-mak- contacting these same people can help cally trying to achieve financial stability ing and decision making on your campus. you in rallying their support if the budget through right-sizing? If the former, it's too A paradigmatic quote, on the Republican knife descends. Depending on your insti- late to make changes, and you are in the revolution, that I jotted down in a note- tution's sensitivity to alumni concerns, thick of the battle. If the latter, go on the book a few years ago: “While the Dem- they may be a major asset. offensive now. Devise your own five-year ocrats were arguing over who would be Quality. Be honest. Use rankings, financial plan that demonstrates how, if chair of the English department, the both good and bad, but be sure to com- you are allowed to control your own fate, Republicans were selecting a President of pare yourself with peer institutions (this you will reallocate your own resources to the United States.” We academic geologists can be difficult). In other words, don't save money, raise additional external funds, have to be very careful that while we are waste your breath rationalizing why you get better and more efficient. Set some debating the existence and location of the are not as good as Cal Tech. Discuss how objectives that you know will resonate with Central Piedmont suture, the academic much better you are than the program at your administration, ask their blessing in powers-that-be don't transfer our resources Moo U, which has the same institutional pursuing them within your current re- to condensed-matter physics or environ- mission and is comparable in other source base, and emphasize how they will mental studies. ■

Northeastern Section Alternates Receive 1995 Research Grants offers Undergraduate Each year when the Committee on Research Grants selects grant recipients, they also select an alternate group of recipients in the event that some of the grantees return part Student Research or all of their funds because they have received funding elsewhere or have changed their Grants research plans. As the returned funds become available, they are re-awarded by the Research Grants Administrator to the alternates named by the committee. The Northeastern Section of the In 1995 seven alternates received funding following the initial awarding of grants. Geological Society of America announces They are: Dale Alan Brunotte, Iowa State University; Lawrence L. Coats, Northern Arizona its student research grant program for University; Amy L. Ellwein, University of New Mexico; Andrew D. Hanson, Stanford Uni- 1996. The grants are competitive and versity; Kelly Elizabeth Keighley, Utah State University; Matthew K. Larsen, University of available to undergraduate students. Wyoming; and James H. Shirley, California State University, Northridge. To be considered for a research grant: • The student must be enrolled at an institution within the Northeastern Section • The student must be a Student GSA Divisions News Associate or Member of GSA. Divisions recognized the following individuals at the 1995 Annual Meeting in New • Applications must be postmarked Orleans for their service to the Division and/or contributions to the geological sciences. no later than February 15, 1996. (For a listing of other award recipients honored at the New Orleans meeting, see • Grants will be awarded following the page 190 of the October 1995 issue of GSA Today.) Northeastern Section meeting in Buf- falo in March 1996. Coal Geology Division For further information or a copy of the John C. (Jack) Crelling, Distinguished Service Award research grant application form, contact: Harold J. (Hal) Gluskoter, Distinguished Service Award Kenneth N. Weaver, Secretary NEGSA, Engineering Geology Division Maryland Geological Survey, 2300 St. Paul J. David Rodgers, 1996 Richard H. Jahns Distinguished Lecturer St., Baltimore, MD 21218, (410) 554-5532, fax 410-554-5502.

GSA TODAY, January 1996 17 GSAF UPDATE

Robert L. Fuchs

one state. There is some work involved in Is There a Trust in setting one up—for instance, ensuring New Orleans Trustees Your Future? that all your assets are in fact transferred Meeting Report to the trust. Your heirs may very well some A recent article in one of the national day appreciate your time and effort. The Foundation’s Board of Trustees business magazines began with the ques- The charitable remainder trust comes held its annual meeting during the GSA tion, “Have you set up a trust?” and went in two versions, the annuity (CRAT) or meeting in New Orleans in November. on to state, “If you haven’t, get cracking. unitrust (CRUT), and can have significant Officers of the Foundation were elected No middle-class family should be without tax advantages during your lifetime. The for 1996: Chair, Charles Mankin; Vice- one.” process of forming one of these trusts is Chair, Paul Bailly; President, Robert Fuchs; Trusts have always been the financial not particularly difficult. You transfer Vice-President, Don Davidson; and Secre- tools of the rich, but inflation and assets to a trust that names a charity or tary-Treasurer, Donna Russell. In addition, changes in tax laws have lowered the charities such as the GSA Foundation as the trustees prepared and forwarded to the income and asset level at which trusts start the remainder beneficiary. The trustee, GSA Council a list of 10 candidates from to make sense for many people. You may who could be you, the Foundation, or a which board vacancies are to be filled. be one of these. There are several reasons third party, sells the assets and places the The board accepted the recent why this has happened. proceeds in income-producing securities resignation of Trustee Fred Donath, and First, trusts are a very effective way to (which can be tax-free municipal bonds). appointed him an Honorary Trustee, minimize taxes. As inflation has caused The income from the trust is paid to you noting in particular his philanthropy that individual incomes and estates to increase, (or your spouse) for life, and the principal established the Young Scientist Award the estate tax exemption, which is not reverts to the Foundation after death. and Medal and the dedicated work he had indexed for inflation, has remained at There is no capital gains tax to pay on the done for GSA in organizing and managing $600,000. Many now find themselves asset sale; your trust receives the full value the Institute for Environmental Education above this exemption level. Estate and of the proceeds. In addition to avoiding through 1994. An appointment of a new income taxes can be reduced by shifting this tax, there is a year-of-gift tax deduc- trustee from the list of Council-approved assets to a charitable remainder trust or a tion, adjusted for life expectancy and for candidates to fill this position is expected life insurance trust. the future income stream. These tax in the near future. Trusts can be used to avoid probate. advantages together can add up to a very The board approved a 1996 direct In about a third of the states this is a powerful economic incentive to create a operating budget of $279,573, of which costly, time-consuming process. A living CRAT or a CRUT. 50% will be directed toward Second Cen- trust can transfer assets to heirs outside There is a lot of literature and soft- tury Fund activities. The 1996 budget will of a will, and this is usually done within ware available to learn more about trusts. support a Foundation staff of two full-time a short time after death. Fees for lawyers Call the Foundation at (303) 447-2020, and three part-time employees. Also on and court administration are greatly extension 154, and we can give you a financial matters, a 1996 disbursements reduced in the process, or even elimi- few titles. In fact, we can send you an budget of approximately $500,000 for GSA nated. Not only is such a trust important introductory booklet entitled Trusts in student support, research grants, scientific in states such as California, New York, and Financial Planning which can help you conferences, awards, and educational and Florida, ownership of property in more decide if there really is a trust in your outreach programs was approved. than one state can cause your will to be future. You may use the accompanying probated in several states at the same time. coupon to order this booklet. ■ GSAF Update continued on p. 19 Privacy is an attribute of the establish- ment of a trust. While probate records and real estate deeds are open to the public, GSA Foundation trusts protect the privacy of an estate. The 3300 Penrose Place world does not need to know what you P.O. Box 9140 have when you are alive, and to whom Boulder, CO 80301 your assets are left. (303) 447-2020 Finally, a trust can be used to segre- gate your estate from certain heirs. This may be impossible to do in some states, Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______for: where, for example, you cannot totally Foundation Unrestricted GSA Unrestricted Institute for Environmental Education disinherit a spouse or children. Relatives My pledge to the Second Century Fund is $______per year for ___ years. who have been cut off have a much more difficult time attacking your trust than Please add my name to the Century Plus Roster (gifts of $150 or more). your will. I would like to learn more about trusts. Please send me a copy of the booklet entitled There are a number of trust types Trusts in Financial Planning. to suit particular needs in particular loca- PLEASE PRINT tions, such as the qualified terminable interest trust (QTIP), the generation- Name ______skipping trust, the kiddie trust for college tuition, and the grantor-retained income Address ______trust (GRIT). The revocable living trust City/State/ZIP ______may make a lot of sense for you if you live in one of the “heavy probate” states or Phone ______have residences or property in more than

18 GSA TODAY, January 1996 GSAF Update continued from p. 18 for Earth Science. The trustees suggested Sarewitz reported on his plans for future various sources of funding, for follow-up IEE activity. GSA Executive Director Don Other business included a report on by the Second Century Fund Committee Davidson provided an overview of GSA Second Century Fund progress, with and the Foundation staff. Education operations and developments. ■ emphasis on the membership campaign Coordinator Ed Geary reviewed the SAGE and the current Industry Support Program program, and IEE Program Manager Dan

Donors to the Foundation, October 1995

Allan V. Cox Student Gretchen Louise James O. Brown Peter M. Richards Paul E. Olsen Scholarship Award Fund Blechschmidt Fund H. Paul Buchheim Daniel Sarewitz Douglas C. Pasley, Jr.* Gary D. Acton Robert E. Nelson William D. Carlson Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Forrest G. Poole Marco T. Einaudi* John F. Childs Sigmund Snelson Harriet E. Powell History of Geology Katerina E. Petronotis Joan R. Clark* Robert C. Stephenson Gordon W. Prescott Award Fund Mark Cloos Charles W. Sweetwood* Augustin Pyre Antoinette Lierman Donald M. Hoskins* Ronald B. Cole C. Gordon Winder Richard H. Ragle Medlin Scholarship Fund Arthur Mirsky* Ralph K. Davis Irving Rapaport Lindgren L. Chyi Sarah E. Newcomb Second Century Fund Julie M. Donnelly-Nolan Robert R. Remy Kennard B. Bork Arthur D. Howard Fund Hydrogeology Division Ernest M. Duebendorfer Kenneth A. Sargent Gordon P. Eaton* William Henry Award Fund Steven R. Dunn James B. Stevens Paul Geoffrey Feiss Alfred Clebsch James E. Evans Paul Stone Biggs Excellence in Harrison C. Jamison* John W. Hess* John A. Fagerstrom Rowland W. Tabor Earth Science Education David B. MacKenzie* John M. Sharp, Jr.* Michael O. Garcia Roger D. K. Thomas Magma Copper* Fund Robert N. Ginsburg Bennie W. Troxel T. Michael and Christine Erlece P. Allen Institute for Janet Griswold Gordon Laurence G. Trudell Moreland* Martin G. Miller* Environmental Donn S. Gorsline Victor Vacquier National Science Douglas C. Pasley, Jr.* Education Fund Richard H. Groshong, Jr. Joe Van John A. Black Foundation* Birdsall Award Fund William R. Hackett John W. Webb James O. Brown Dorothy M. Palmer Theodore Arnow John R. Holloway Johannes Weertman James Channing Cole* Kenneth N. Weaver* J. Matthew Davis William T. Holser Malcolm P. Weiss Anthony H. Fleming John Wiley & Sons* Paul R. Seaber Roscoe G. Jackson II* Stephen B. Wells Lawrence R. Matson Warren W. Wood Carl E. Jacobson Shirley Dreiss Matthew G. Willis Arthur Mirsky* Roberta L. Jennings Memorial Fund Virgil D. Winkler Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Bruce “Biff” Reed Barbara H. Keating Suzanne P. Anderson Mostafa M. Zayed Scholarship Fund James Lawrence Mary C. Hill International Division Unrestricted Fund—GSAF ARCO Foundation, Inc.* Eric M. Leonard Marcus G. Langseth Fund Janet M. Aitken Stephen F. Lintner David B. Rogers Carol G. & John T. Lindgren L. Chyi Michele L. Aldrich Monzell R. Louke Harold J. Tobin McGill Fund Nan C. Arens J. Hoover Mackin Gladys P. Louke Manuel G. Bonilla Albert W. Bally* Award Fund George E. McGill Unrestricted Fund—GSA Russell H. Campbell Paul C. Bateman Peter W. Birkeland Juliet M. McKenna Thomas H. Anderson James W. Baxter Claude C. Albritton P. Thompson Davis David M. Miller M. E. Bickford Milford J. Benham Memorial Fund Thomas L. T. Grose June E. Mirecki Madeleine Briskin* Raymond E. Birch Bonnie A. Blackwell Richard F. Hadley* Douglas C. Pasley, Jr.* Donald A. Brobst Michael Boran* Kennard B. Bork* James C. Knox Dexter Perkins III James O. Brown Carl O. Bowin Robert E. Boyer Grant A. Meyer Mary E. Savina Robert Brownfield Martin L. Bregman Richard P. Meyer William E. Scott Judith A. Schiebout James Bush James O. Brown Stephen B. Wells William E. Scott Russell H. Campbell Doris M. Curtis Alton A. Brown* James R. Shannon Eric S. Cheney Memorial Fund John C. Frye Jeffrey W. Bryant* David B. Slemmons* Alfred Clebsch Joan R. Clark* Environmental Award Frank M. Byers, Jr. Rolfe S. Stanley Edward J. Cording Elmer W. Ellsworth Fund Robert A. Cadigan Samuel B. Treves John C. Crowell Walter C. Pusey III Wallace W. Hagan Byrl D. Carey, Jr. Stephen J. Urbanik Robert V. Cushman Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Donald M. Hoskins* John R. Castano Joe Van Steven N. Daviess B. Charlotte Schreiber* John P. Kempton* Joan R. Clark* Thomas A. Vogel Jelle Zeilinga De Boer Shinjiro Mizutani H. Grady Collier, Jr. Dwornik Planetary Albert E. Wood* Owen D. Evans Duane M. Moore Douglas Saxon Coombs Geoscience Award Fund Spencer H. Wood Alfred G. Fischer Edward J. Dwornik John T. Dillon Alaska Jane L. Forsyth Ann Marie Cox Baerbel K. Lucchitta Scholarship Award Fund Rip Rapp Archaeological Rud A. Gees Dexter H. Craig David D. Adams Geology Award Fund Julian R. Goldsmith John C. Crowell Engineering Geology Charles F. Bisbee Richard K. Dunn Norman N. Greenman Paolo Custodi Division Award Fund Douglas C. Pasley, Jr.* William R. Farrand Richard L. Hay H. Roberta Dixon Helen L. Delano Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Vance T. Holliday Jan G. H. Hertogen Barry Doolan Duane A. Eversoll Arthur Mirsky* John J. Hickey Robert H. Dott, Jr.* Minority Fund William F. Jenks Peter A. Drobeck GEOSTAR Fund SAGE Fund Charles A. Baskerville Robert B. Johnson Parrish N. Erwin, Jr. Charles F. Bisbee James O. Brown Sophie M. Dreifuss John P. Kempton* Steven P. Esling John George Cabrera Lois J. Campbell Michael L. Fellows Daniel B. Krinsley Cynthia A. Evans Lawrence R. Cann Ian S. E. Carmichael* Joseph H. Hartshorn* Edmund Livingston McLain J. Forman James Channing Cole* John R. Carpenter John P. Lockwood Stephen Marshak Hans Fuchtbauer Norma Del Giudice Thomas J. Carrington R. Heather Macdonald Wayne D. Martin Charles V. Fulmer David Graham Hardy Robert A. Christman Brian G. McAdoo Richard L. Mauger Tanya H. Furman Douglas C. Pasley, Jr.* Janet A. Cushing Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Florentin Maurrasse Willard C. Gere Walter C. Pusey III Donald F. Goodell Brainard Mears, Jr. Julian R. Goldsmith Manuel Tello-B* Penrose Conferences Claudia J. Hackbarth Paul E. Melancon Reinhard O. Greiling Joe Van Fund R. Heather Macdonald Martin G. Miller* George Gryc Joseph L. Weitz Y. W. Isachsen* Steven E. Mains Roger B. Morrison* George Hallberg HiromitsuYamagishi Tom O. Merrill Publications Fund Michael A. Murphy Murray W. Hitzman Martin G. Miller* Robert H. Dott, Jr.* Leo R. Newfarmer James W. Hood Jane E. Nielson Richard P. Nickelsen Research Grants Fund Rodney D. Norby K. Michael Nolan *Century Plus Roster Jean M. Bahr Douglas C. Pasley, Jr.* Donors (gifts of $150 or more). Rodey Batiza Rodney D. Norby continued on p. 20

GSA TODAY, January 1996 19 New Geology Editor Appointed Kay Takes On GSA Today

Lee Kump, Pennsylvania Science Editor Post State University, is the newest co- editor of Geology. He succeeds Suzanne M. Kay, Cornell Uni- Henry Mullins, who finished a versity, is the newly appointed sci- second term as a co-editor at the ence editor for GSA Today. She will end of 1995. Kump is working handle review and acceptance or with Editor David Fountain, rejection of all science articles sub- University of Wyoming (Foun- mitted to GSA Today. tain’s second term ends at the Kay’s work in the use of geo- end of 1996). chemistry and petrology for solving Kump, an associate profes- tectonic problems and for under- sor of geosciences at Penn State, standing the evolution of the con- received his A.B. in geophysical tinetal lithsophere has focused on sciences at the University of the Aleutian arc and the Andes. Lee Kump Chicago, and his Ph.D. in Since 1985, she has been active in marine sciences at the University both the South and North Ameri- of South Florida. His area of can Geological Committees. In Suzanne M. Kay interest includes modeling the evolution of atmospheric and South America she has taught (in oceanic composition, global biogeochemical cycles, and low- Spanish) short courses on geochem- temperature geochemistry. He served two 3-year terms on the istry and petrology in Argentina, has given talks at geological Geology Editorial Board before taking on the co-editorship. congresses, and actively participated in International Geologic “My goal as co-editor is to maintain or reduce the time to pub- Correlation Program projects. She is the first native-born North lication while improving the visibility of Geology,” Kump said in a American (and the first woman) to be elected (in 1995) a miem- recent interview. “The press should be waiting for the publication bro correpondiente (equivalent to a GSA honorary fellow) of the of Geology as they do for Science and Nature. I hope that we begin to Asociación Geológica Argentina. see statements such as ‘… as published in this month’s issue of Kay earned B.S. and M.S. degrees at the University of Illinois Geology …’ regularly in the New York Times, Washington Post, Earth, at Urbana-Champaign, and her Ph.D. at Brown University. She Discover, and other quality popular media—even on CNN. This has held positions at the University of California, Los Angeles, would be good not only for the journal, but for the geosciences in the University of Buenos Aires, and the California Institute of general, and will help to ensure that the best, most innovative and Technology, as well as at Cornell University, where she is cur- provocative papers are published in Geology.” rently a professor. To submit a paper to Geology, see information for contribu- “GSA Today offers high visibility for high-quality, newswor- tors in selected issues (November 1995, p. 1056, for example). thy science articles,” Kay said. “I hope to encourage submission Submissions must be sent to Geology, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, of papers of both national and international interest.” Boulder, CO 80301, not to editors Fountain or Kump. ■ To submit a science paper to GSA Today, first contact Suzanne Kay, Department of Geological Sciences, Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-1504, (607) 255-4701, E-mail: [email protected]. ■

Donors Malcolm M. Mouat Manuel Tello-B* continued from p. 19 Robert J. Moye Harry Ludwig Thomsen Maurice J. Mundorff Rudolf Trümpy About People Roger L. Hooke Ogden W. Nine, Jr. Samuel J. Tuthill Donald M. Hoskins* Ujiro Ogawa E. Bruce Watson GSA member David Applegate has been appointed Michael E. Hriskevich William A. Oliver, Jr.* Fred Webb, Jr. Yasuo Ikeda Ned A. Ostenso Kathleen M. White Director of Government Affairs at the American Geological Emilie Jager Elizabeth F. Overstreet William B. Whiteford Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. Odette B. James William C. Overstreet John W. Williams Fellow Ralph J. Bernhagen, Worthington, Ohio, has William W. Jenney, Jr. Douglas C. Pasley, Jr.* Don Winston received the American Institute of Professional Geologists Kathleen M. Johnson* Orrin H. Pilkey Richard B. Winston William E. Kelly Jeremy B. Platt Margaret S. Woyski (AIPG) Honorary Membership award. GSA Fellow Donald Patricia M. Kenyon Walter C. Pusey III Lauren A. Wright Blackstone, University of Wyoming, Laramie, received Cecil H. Kindle Richard H. Ragle Kenn-Ming Yang AIPG’s 1995 Ben H. Parker Memorial Medal. AIPG’s John T. James M. Kirby John G. Ramsay Anthony K. Yeo Galey Public Service Award for 1995 went to GSA member Phillip S. Kistler Noel M. Ravneberg* Frederick P. Zoerner Dale Curtiss Krause Philip E. C. Reed Edward Nuhfer, University of Colorado at Denver. Fellow Women in Science Carol Kindle Lee-Roark Takayuki Sakamoto Russell G. Slayback, Greens Farms, Connecticut, received Fund S. Benedict Levin Erwin Scheibner Michael P. Chornack the AIPG Martin Van Couvering Memorial Award. Richard T. Liddicoat, Jr. David H. Scofield James Channing Cole* Fellow William D. Rose Jr., Westford, Massachusetts, Henry M. Lieberman Paul R. Seaber Christopher M. Dail William W. Locke Eugene M. Shoemaker retired at the end of August from the Ocean Drilling Pro- Vivien M. Gornitz James C. MacLachlan Richard H. Sibson gram at Texas A&M. His editing and publishing service, Rose Kathleen M. Johnson* Jinichirou Maeda Eli A. Silver Miriam Kastner Perspectives, is in Westford. John W. Mason Leeann Srogi R. Heather Macdonald Fellow Donald D. Runnells, Fort Collins, Colorado, Ann G. Metzger Joanne L. Stewart Ruth A. M. Schmidt* Maynard M. Miller Raymond T. Stotler, Jr. retired from the University of Colorado, Boulder, and has B. Charlotte Schreiber* Arthur Mirsky* Rudolph G. Strand joined an environmental consulting firm, Shepherd Miller, Wynn Weidner Jesus R. Silva Moriel John E. Szatai Inc. Roger B. Morrison* Shiro Tamanyu

20 GSA TODAY, January 1996 BOOK REVIEWS

Hypersea: Life on Land. Mark A. S. primers on lichenology and paleobotany. time. These authors emphasize the strong McMenamin and Dianna L. S. McMenamin, These are all underappreciated subjects controls plate-tectonic activity had on the Columbia University Press, New York, 1994, dear to my heart from my own proposals biological successions. Likewise, the paper $27.95. (overlooked in this volume) that Ediacaran following, by Lucas and Alvarado, stresses fossils were lichens and that life itself the role of the evolving arc in land-verte- he term “hypersea” has undeniable evolved in soil. This omission is accompa- brate dispersals since the Late Cretaceous. appeal as a poetic allusion to a sup- T nied by other small errors. For example, They argue that Central America only posed marine origin of body fluids of life the oldest fossil shelf fungus is Early Trias- became an important trackway in the on land, and also for the microcosms of sic, not Jurassic. Amyelon is a cordaite, not Pliocene. Hooghiemstra follows with an symbionts, parasites, and hyperparasites a sphenophyte. Psilotum is a fern, not a analysis of pollen records from two bore- within land organisms. The McMenamins’ primitive land plant. Even so, the enthu- holes near Bogotá, Colombia, spanning reference to our interior sea, the rising tide siasm of the McMenamins for biological late Pliocene to late Quaternary time. Clo- of life, hypermarine upwelling and cur- land chauvinism is infectious. I liked sure of the Panamanian Isthmus, immigra- rents on land do indeed strike a resonant hypersea as a poetic allusion and as a re- tion of Alnus and Quercus, and shifting chord. But the McMenamins intend search agenda, but the theories attributed vegetation patterns corresponding to hypersea to be much more than mere to it here lack logical connection. For me glaciations are all recorded in this high- allusion, allegory, and analogy. They at least, hypersea does not hold water. resolution record (1–5 ka). take some pains to establish hypersea as With such a high percentage of a physical entity of the sum of animal and Greg Retallack contributors from non–English-language plant life on land, as a scientific theory University of Oregon countries, this volume needed a great deal and as a scientific perspective. They also Eugene, OR 97403-1272 of editorial work, which it did not receive. exclude prokaryotic and protoctistan life Many papers contain more than two typo- assumed to have been on land before the Geology of an Evolving Island Arc: graphical errors per page. Some sentences “invasions” of larger creatures. I looked The Isthmus of Southern Nicaragua, terminate abruptly at the end of a line, in vain for reasons why they would define Costa Rica, and Western Panama. indicating that other lines were inadver- hypersea so narrowly but had even greater Edited by H. Seyfried and W. Hellmann. tently deleted. Very few of the papers con- difficulty following the logical relation of Profil, Band 7, Institut für Geologie und tain cross references to other papers in the theoretical predictions of hypersea, which Paläontologie, Universität, Stuttgart, 1994, volume. There are many contradictions are as follows (summarized from p. 216– 433 p., DM158, US$114. from one paper to another, none of which 222). (1) Hyperparasites are more common is pointed out, let alone reconciled. Many on land than in the sea. (2) Land biota has his volume contains 22 papers (17 cited references are not to be found in the had several more levels of hyperparasitism in English, 4 in Spanish, and 1 in Ger- T reference lists. The title of the paper on than marine biota for at least the past 350 man) concerning the tectonic, lithologic, p. 87 seems to be missing some words. million years. (3) Symbiotic organisms are and paleontologic evolution of Costa Rica Rare earth element patterns on p. 103 more widely distributed than those with and neighboring parts of Nicaragua, Pan- were inadvertently flipped left to right, less symbiotic flexibility. (4) Land biota ama, and Colombia. The storyline runs and axis labels for Figures 6 and 8 of the has more hosts in the life cycle of parasites from the Jurassic to the present and covers same paper are missing. In summary, this than marine biota. (5) Land biota has more the evolution of this region from deep sea- volume was apparently assembled in a host-killing parasites and asymptomatic floor basaltic crust covered by radiolarian hurry without much editorial oversight. parasites than marine biota. (6) Photoau- chert, through the growth of an island arc, It has a paper cover, but sells for the high totrophic land animals will be discovered, and finally coalescence of the volcanic price of US $114. On the positive side, either living or fossil. These are all inter- islands into the modern volcanic isthmus few of these results have been available esting hypotheses, even if difficult to fal- connecting North and South America. to English-reading scientists previously. sify, and are all related to a theme, which The papers are divided into six sections: Geology libraries should have this volume, pervades the book, of the greater diversity, (1) geologic and tectonic history, (2) ig- but only dedicated Central American spe- complexity, biomass, and nutrient supply neous basement, (3) igneous cover rocks cialists will want to pay the price for a per- of life on land. However, these are all dif- and neotectonics, (4) pre-Neogene sedi- sonal copy. ferences, rather than similarities, between mentation, (5) Neogene sedimentary the sea and interior fluids of land organ- basins, and (6) paleontological aspects. James F. Luhr isms. So why would they be united under The 45 authors who contributed to National Museum of Natural History the label of “hypersea”? In my opinion, this volume are dominantly of German Washington, DC 20560 “hypersoil” would be a more apt charac- (19) and Costa Rican (18) affiliation, with terization of the various theories mar- just two each from France and the United Potential Theory in Gravity and shaled in Hypersea. Vacuoles, lungs, States and one each from the United King- Magnetic Applications. Richard J. and skeletons are evidence that life on dom, Argentina, the Netherlands, and Blakely. Cambridge University Press, land has gases and minerals like soil, in Uruguay. Evolution is the theme of the Cambridge, UK, 1995. addition to dilute energy-transforming volume and is a strong element in every solutions. paper. Most of these results appear not he gravity and magnetic fields are fun- Despite my misgivings about the to have been published previously. As an T damental geophysical properties of our logical connection between the various igneous petrologist, I was surprised to find planet, and research on them has played a hypotheses credited to hypersea, there is myself most interested in the last group of major role in furthering understanding of much of interest here. The McMenamins paleontological papers. Fischer and Aguilar Earth’s interior, at many scales. The mag- do a good job in portraying land biota as review the evolution of fossil assemblages netic field has been studied for over two more complex than marine in parasites as the arc of volcanic islands grew from millennia, the gravity field for several cen- and symbionts, with examples including the sea floor and coalesced into the isth- turies. A complete understanding of grav- problematic fossils, mycorrhizae, tape- mus, isolating the Pacific and Caribbean worms, and AIDS. Also included are marine faunas and floras by late Pliocene Book Reviews continued on p. 22

GSA TODAY, January 1996 21 Book Reviews continued from p. 21 studies of the crust and lithosphere, the increasingly sophisticated array of first two of these exploring how gravity weaponry in the struggle for existence on and magnetic measurements at the global hostile barren land slapped by lakes and ity and magnetism and their importance and regional scales are transformed into seas teeming with life. One by one, we are in geology and geophysics requires a solid field anomalies. The last four chapters pro- led through the heroic travails of each foundation in potential theory, and al- vide a thorough (and mathematically group of organisms thought to have been though many texts cover the broad topics meaty) overview of interpreting gravity involved in this primordial struggle from of applied geophysics, few dig sufficiently and magnetic anomalies, including for- evidence of the fossil record and the biol- into the underlying theory to provide for ward method, inverse method, and ogy of modern amphibious organisms. a more comprehensive knowledge of the inverse and forward manipulations in the Along the way the authors savage alterna- subject(s). Richard Blakely has bridged the Fourier domain, and offer several geologi- tive current views such as cladism and dis- gap between theory and application in cally important examples from the litera- miss as unprovable approaches exploring this book. This outstanding contribution ture. Several mathematical methods dis- the distinctive synecology of early land to the geological sciences reflects Blakely’s cussed in these chapters are included as ecosystems, the nature of early soil faunas, extensive, high-quality research, involving computer subroutines in an Appendix. For and physiological hypotheses. Paradoxi- application of crustal- and lithosphere- both the practicing geophysicist and the cally, their self-styled flexible, poly- scale geophysics in solving fundamental geologist interested in a solid understand- phyletic, uniformitarian, and adaptation- geological problems. By necessity and ing of potential theory applied to gravity ist approach is presented as a new view on design, this book is firmly rooted in the and magnetics, Blakely’s book is a wise the problem. Their approach seems to me fundamentals of potential theory. How- investment. little evolved from the 1950s: an era of ever, geologists with less than strong men, materials, technological progress, mathematical backgrounds should not feel John Wm. Geissman and just the facts, please. Alternative views that the book is beyond comprehension. University of New Mexico of evolution of life on land from soil Beginning with Chapter 1, The Potential, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1116 microbes promoted by Stebbins, Hill, and Blakely has made a concerted and most others are dismissed without argument. As successful attempt to provide a readable Invasions of the Land. Malcolm S. I see things, new approaches to the prob- and approachable text for all geoscientists Gordon and Everett C. Olsen, with contri- lem are cladist, paleoecological, paleope- who wish to broaden their background in butions by David C. Chapman. Columbia dological, ecophysiological, and (at least gravity and magnetics. The first six chap- University Press, New York, 1995, $65. in Hypersea by the McMenamins) meta- ters give a thorough discussion of poten- physical. tial theory, ending with spherical repre- he title says it all. According to this sentation of the potential. The remaining T book, early Paleozoic land environ- six chapters deal with applications of ments were assaulted on many fronts by potential theory to gravity and magnetic an armada of plants and animals with an Book Reviews continued on p. 23

22 GSA TODAY, January 1996 Book Reviews continued from p. 22 The second one-third of the book, By focusing on instrumental, dendro- in 11 articles, is a summary of dendro- climatic, and ice-core records, the editors climatic evidence from each continent. have assembled an exceptional series of Invasions of the Land was written for a These articles provide an excellent sum- well-documented articles on recent cli- narrow academic audience with a strong mary of the status of tree-ring research mate variability. The new edition includes background in biological systematics. and show the value and limitations of an expanded index to information con- One reads of pterygote insects, rather than tree rings as climate proxies. Five articles tained in the articles and serves as a valu- winged insects. Why bother to give the on ice-core records from the Yukon, South able reference point for future investiga- whole binomial (Archidesmus loganensis) America, and Antarctica show, rather con- tions. Taken together, the articles reveal of a fossil regarded as indeterminate? vincingly, that interdecadal changes in cli- the enticing prospect that climate changes Another minor annoyance is obeisance mate are reasonably consistent over large since 1500, and on the time scale of to the Temple of Scientific Literature. areas of the globe. decades to centuries, are hemispherically Whole sentences and even paragraphs Articles on solar variations and vol- coherent, and provide hope for under- communicate no more than a recommen- canism consider two possible climate- standing both the causes and effects of cli- dation to go to the library and read some- forcing mechanisms, but these articles mate change within a societal time frame. one else’s views on the subject. Conclu- seem somewhat out of place in a volume sions are urged on the basis of authority, Roger Y. Anderson whose main purpose is to examine records whereas the evidence for those views is Albuquerque, NM ■ of variability. The 1992 volume reprints glossed over or unexplained. The authors the Quinn and Neal article on historical do not claim to be encyclopedic, but the El Niños and also has an introduction and reference list is one of the most complete I summary by the editors that add perspec- Letter Policy have seen, with entries up to 1993. Unfor- tive and references. If the book has a tunately, this was too early for inclusion of GSA Today welcomes signed letters weakness it is the minimal treatment of Jenny Clack’s work on aquatic adaptations expressing individual opinions and climate records related to ENSO and the of Late Devonian tetrapods and Bill Stein’s addressing issues of broad interest. We large body of accumulating information and my research on potential Precambrian cannot publish unproven allegations from coral records. The republished vol- and Paleozoic lichens. Illustrations are sur- or unsigned letters. Send letters to Edi- ume contains a brief new article on devel- prisingly sparse and uninviting for a sub- tor, GSA Today, P.O. Box 9140, Boul- opments in high-resolution climate-proxy ject so rich in anecdotes of beasts and bat- der, CO 80301 research since the original date of publica- tles. All these things make Invasions of the tion and cites some of the coral research. Land dull reading. Despite stylistic and philosophical reservations, I am glad to have Invasions of the Land nearby, and I recommend that you pester your librarian to obtain a copy. It is a useful reference work covering most of the available evidence, and a concise statement of traditional views on the sub- Research Grants ject of early life on land. I was depressed to find how little we know, but the pessi- mistic and unadventurous conclusions of Program 1996 this book should spur us all to do better. he primary role of the Research Grants Program is to provide partial support Greg Retallack for research by graduate students at universities in the United States, University of Oregon Canada, Mexico, and Central America. GSA strongly encourages women, Eugene, OR 97403-1272 T minorities, and persons with disabilities to participate fully in this grants program. Eligibility is not restricted to GSA members. New application forms are available Climate Since A.D. 1500. Edited by each fall in the geology departments of colleges and universities offering graduate Raymond S. Bradley and Philip D. Jones. degrees in earth sciences. Forms are mailed in October to GSA Campus Representa- Routledge, London and New York, 1995, tives and department secretaries and chairpersons in the United States, Canada, and $39.95. Mexico. They are also available upon request from the Research Grants Administra- n the last decade, there has been a rising tor, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. Please use I interest in climate change, along with only the 1996 application and appraisal forms. a realization that climate will be a key Confidential evaluations from two faculty members are required from candidates for player as we seek to find a stable future the M.S. or Ph.D. degree and must accompany applications submitted. PLEASE USE for rapidly growing populations. A new THE “APPRAISAL OF APPLICANT” FORMS, WHICH ACCOMPANY THE 1996 APPLI- appreciation of climate is reflected in the CATION FORMS. Application forms will not be accepted by facsimile. success of the book Climate Since A.D. 1500, first published in 1992 and now The Geological Society of America awarded over $300,000 in grants in 1995. The republished in paperback. grants went to 218 students doing research for advanced degrees. The average The volume, with more than 50 amount awarded was $1465. The largest grant was $2500, but there is no predeter- authors, provides an overview of the status mined maximum amount. of research on climate change and climate variability of the past 500 years. More The Committee on Research Grants will meet in March to evaluate applications and than one-third of the book, in 12 articles, award grants. In April, all applicants for grants will be informed of the committee's brings together long instrumental records actions by the Executive Director of the Geological Society of America. and other documentary historical evi- dence of climate change from various ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE SUBMITTED ON THE 1996 FORMS regions of the globe. AND POSTMARKED BY FEBRUARY 15, 1996

GSA TODAY, January 1996 23 JURASSIC MAGMATISM AND TECTONICS OF Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA edited by D. M. Miller and C. Busby, 1995 There is a growing realization that in about mid-Jurassic time, Revised Cretaceous Ammonoids Volume both magmatism and tectonism were widely initiated in the western North American Now at Press continental crust, earlier A revised volume of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology is now at press: Part L, subduction-driven mag- matism and tectonics Mollusca 4, Ammonoidea, volume 4. The volume, most of which was prepared by being localized near the W. C. Wright, with sections by J. H. Calloman and M. K. Howarth, deals with Creta- plate margin. The 19 ceous ammonoids. The volume is 385 pages, is hardbound, and is identified with ISBN papers in this book dis- 0-8137-3112-7. Treatise volumes are prepared at the University of Kansas. cuss diverse approaches to characterize the Juras- This is the first of four volumes of the revised Part L to be completed. The revised sic tectono-magmatic set replaces the original Part L, first published in 1957, which is still available. Volumes 1 event, identify variations to 3 in the revised Part L series will follow as they are completed. They will cover such in its timing and other introductory material as morphology, biostratigraphy, and classification and will present characteristics from diagnoses, stratigraphic ranges, and illustrations of Paleozoic to Jurassic ammonoids in region to region, and traditional Treatise style. consider its ultimate origin in terms of lithospheric processes. Crucial aspects of the Jurassic tectonic events from the Yukon to Past volumes of the Treatise dealt with taxa throughout their ranges rather than southernmost United States are described. The lead paper pre- with fossils from restricted intervals of geologic time. It is possible to treat the sents a broad synthesis of Cordilleran subduction cycles, and is ammonoids stratigraphically because few genera from the Jurassic ranged into the followed by papers arranged in three groups, from north to south: Canadian Cordillera; U.S. Great Basin; and southwestern Cretaceous, and all ammonoids became extinct by the end of the Cretaceous. U.S. desert regions. Within each group, papers are arranged Other Treatise volumes dealing with the cephalopods are Part K, Nautiloidea, for from magmatic arc eastward to craton. This is an important look which a revision is now underway, and Part M, Coleoidea, which is in preparation for the into now-eroded initial subduction-driven orogeny of the first time. All Treatise volumes are sold exclusively by the Geological Society of America, Cordillera, the precursor to later events that so strongly shaped present geology. Most papers are data-intensive first-order stud- P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, (800) 472-1988 or (303) 447-2020. ies, although some fresh synthesis studies are also present. SPE299, 432 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2299-3, $95.00

NEW FROM ORDER FORM—1996 GSA Abstracts with Programs GSA For advance-copy purchases of GSA Abstracts with Programs, use this form and submit by the deadline listed for each section (deadlines vary). Prepayment is required. Members, check your records to make sure that you have not previously purchased any of these publications on either your dues statement or through Publication Sales. No refunds for duplicate orders. The Abstracts SPECIAL PAPERS with Programs books will be mailed about three weeks prior to the meeting. Meeting Deadline Price Quantity Amount TERRESTRIAL AND SHALLOW MARINE GEOLOGY OF THE BAHAMAS AND BERMUDA Southeastern 1/3/96 $12 $ edited by H. A. Curran and B. White, 1995 Northeastern 1/8/96 $12 $ The authors review the current knowledge of the Quaternary geologic history ofthe Bahama Archipelago and Bermuda, an South-Central 1/11/96 $12 $ area with unique terranes Cordilleran 2/15/96 $12 $ for the study of carbon- Rocky Mountain 2/19/96 $12 $ ate rocks, sediments, and environments. The North-Central 2/29/96 $12 $ exposed stratigraphic Annual Meeting (Denver) 8/15/96 $24 $ sequences of the islands reveal much about the Total $ history of global sea-level changes during Quater- SHIP TO: Check here if GSA Member. (Member # ______) nary time. The focus is an interpretation of the Name ______characteristics of Bahamian and Bermudan Address ______rocks units, their fossil City______State ____ ZIP ______Daytime Phone ______faunas and floras, and the karst surface features of the islands. Information from studies METHOD OF PAYMENT: of the modern shallow marine environments are used to help understand the rock record. Up-to-date summaries of the geo- CHECK or MONEY ORDER (payable in U.S. funds on U.S. bank) logic history are presented along with models of stratigraphic Credit Card (Please print information) development. Other articles cover a broad spectrum of subdisci- plines, from paleontology to carbonate systems geochemistry. MC VISA AmEx Diners (circle one) Exp. Date ______Chapters are case-book examples of the investigation of impor- Card No. ______tant aspects of carbonate island geology. SPE300, 428 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2300-0, $93.00 Signature of Cardholder ______1-800-472-1988 TO PLACE YOUR ORDER BY MAIL: Send this form to GSA Publication Sales, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140 FAX303-447-1133 GSA PUBLICATION SALES ✦ P.O. BOX 9140 TO ORDER BY PHONE OR FAX using a major credit card BOULDER, CO 80301 ✦ 303-447-2020 fax (24 hour line): 303-447-1133; or phone (303) 447-2020 or 1-800-472-1988 (8:00 to 4:30 MST) ON-SITE PURCHASES may be made in the registration area. Supplies are limited. Due to prohibitive postal costs and delays in overseas mailings, this offer for the advance copies is for U.S., Canada, and Mexico only.

24 GSA TODAY, January 1996 Final Announcement Accessibility for Registrants with Special Needs GSA is committed to making the CORDILLERAN SECTION, GSA ★ Cordilleran Section Meeting accessible to 92nd Annual Meeting all people interested in attending. If you need any auxiliary aids or services because Portland, Oregon • April 22–24, 1996 of a disability, check the appropriate box on the registration form. If you have suggestions or need further information, he Department of Geology at Portland State University will host the 1996 meeting contact Michael Cummings (see Contact of the Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America. The meeting will Information, p. 26). T be held jointly with the Pacific Northwest Metals and Minerals Conference (PNMMC) sponsored by local sections of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Explo- FIELD TRIPS ration, (AIME), the the American Welding Society, ASM International, and the Associa- For details regarding specific field trips, tion of Engineering Geologists. please contact the trip leader(s). Address general questions to Scott Burns or Jeff Markstaller (see Contact Information, p. 26). All technical sessions will be held at registration form. Please recheck the card Preregistration for all field trips is required the Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center, 1000 number given as errors will delay your reg- (see preregistration form). Participants will N.E. Multnomah, Portland, OR 97232. istration. The confirmation card will be be accepted on a first-come, first-served Late April is pleasant in Portland, with your receipt. No other receipt will be sent. basis. Be aware of cancellation penalties intermittent “sun breaks”; average high Register one professional or student imposed by the airlines. Plan alternatives in temperatures are near 60°F, and the aver- per form. Copy the form for your records. advance in case the trip you are registered age low is 41°F. Guest registration is required for for is full or canceled. Field studies listed those attending guest activities, technical under the earth science education program REGISTRATION sessions, or the Exhibit Hall. Guest regis- are designed for K–12 educators, but a lim- trants MUST be accompanied by either Preregistration Deadline: ited number of spaces, at a higher cost, are a registered professional or a student. A March 15, 1996 available for interested geoscientists. All guest is defined as a nongeologist spouse field trips will leave from the Red Lion Name badges and tickets to special or friend of a professional or student Hotel south side entrance. functions will be mailed to those who take registrant. advantage of lower registration costs by Students and K–12 professionals must Premeeting preregistering before the March 15, 1996, show a CURRENT ID on site in order to 1. The Rattlesnake Tuff and High deadline. Save yourself time and money— obtain these rates. Students or educators Lava Plains of Southeastern Oregon. preregister today! not having a current ID when registering April 19–21. Anita Grunder, Department Advance registration is encouraged on site will be required to pay the profes- of Geosciences, Oregon State University, for many of the activities because of par- sional fee. 104 Wilkinson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97333, ticipation limits. Use the preregistration On-site registration will be in the (541) 737-1249, fax 541-737-1200; Martin form provided in this announcement. All Ballroom Foyer of the Red Lion Hotel— Streck, Department of Volcanology and registrations received after March 15 will Lloyd Center Monday morning through Petrology, Christian Albrecht University, be held for on-site processing and charged Wednesday noon. Sunday evening on-site Kiel, Germany, E-mail: mstreck@ the on-site rates. registration will be in the Exhibit Hall at geomar.de. We will concentrate on the Badges must be worn for access to the Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center. 7 Ma Rattlesnake Tuff of the High Lava ALL activities, 5:00 p.m. Sunday through Plains, a possible mirror image to the 5:00 p.m. Wednesday. Cancellations, Changes, and Refunds Yellowstone hotspot. Cost: $130 (includes Registration discounts are given to All requests for registration additions, van transportation, lunches, field guide, members of GSA and the Associated Soci- changes, and cancellations must be made refreshments, two nights double-occu- eties listed on the registration form. Please in writing and received by March 22, 1996. pancy lodging). Limit: 20. Leave 4:00 p.m. indicate your affiliation(s) to register using GSA will refund or credit preregistration Friday and return at 6:00 p.m. Sunday. the member rates. Speakers not affiliated fees for cancellations received in writing by 2. Applied Paleoflood Hydrology in with member societies may receive the dis- that date. NO REFUNDS OR CREDITS WILL North-Central Oregon. April 19–21. count by checking the speaker box. BE MADE ON CANCELLATION NOTICES Dan Levish and Dean Ostenaa, Bureau Full payment MUST accompany regis- RECEIVED AFTER MARCH 22. Refunds will of Reclamation, Seismotectonic Geology, tration. Unpaid purchase orders are NOT be processed after the meeting. There will Mail Code D8330, P.O. Box 25007, accepted as valid registration. Charge be NO refunds for on-site registration and Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0007, cards are accepted as indicated on the pre- ticket sales. (303) 236-4195, ext. 274 or 270, E-mail: [email protected] or dostenaa@ do.usbr.gov. We will examine the geologic REGISTRATION FEES record of three of the largest flash floods ever reported in the United States and Advance (by March 15) On-site the Holocene paleoflood record of the Full Meeting One Day Full Meeting One Day Crooked River. We will discuss use of geo- Professional––Member $60 $30 $75 $40 logic data in evaluating peak discharge estimates and long-term flood frequency. Professional—Nonmember $70 $35 $85 $45 Cost: $125 (includes two nights double- Student––Member $20 $10 $35 $20 occupancy lodging, van transportation, Student––Nonmember $30 $15 $45 $25 three lunches, field guide). Limit: 29. K–12 Professional $15 $ 5 $15 $ 5 Leave 8:00 a.m. Friday and return at 6:00 p.m. Sunday . Guest/Spouse $10 N/A N/A N/A Cordilleran continued on p. 26

GSA TODAY, January 1996 25 Cordilleran continued from p. 25 tact leader, but motel lodging available). CONTACT INFORMATION Limit: 20. Leave 7:45 a.m. Saturday and 3. Landslides of the Oregon Coast return Sunday night. General Chair: Michael Cummings, Dept. of Geology, 7. Columbia River Basalt Intra- Range. April 20. Scott Burns (see Contact Portland State Univ, PO Box 751, Information) and Dave Michael, Oregon canyon Flows in Western Oregon and Portland, OR 97207, Department of Forestry, Forest Grove. We Washington: Ginkgo, Rosalia, and (503) 725-3022, fax 503-725-3025, will visit four recent landslides: West Tide- Pomona. April 20–21. Marvin Beeson and E-mail: [email protected] water earthflow (30-acre failure in 1995); Terry Tolan, Department of Geology, Port- Field Trip Chairs: land State University, P.O. Box 751, Port- Osweg slide (problems of building homes Scott Burns, Dept. of Geology, Portland and a major highway on a reactivated land, OR 97207, (503) 725-3024, fax 503- State Univ, PO Box 751, Portland, OR paleoslide; Karban slide (which closed a 725-3025, E-mail: [email protected]. 97207, (503) 725-3389, fax 503-725-3025, quarry); Wilson River slide (largest histori- Remnants of intracanyon Columbia River E-mail: [email protected] cal slide in Oregon, 1991). Cost: $25 basalt flows preserve a record of ancestral Jeff Markstaller, Oregon Steel Mills, Columbia River channels that crossed the (includes van transportation, lunch, field PO Box 2760, Portland, OR 97208, guide). Limit: 40. Leave 8:00 a.m. Saturday Cascade Range into western Oregon and (503) 978-6168, fax 503-240-5268 and return at 6:00 p.m. Washington; we will visit exposures of the 4. The Building Stone and Landscap- Ginkgo, Rosalia, and Pomona intracanyon ing Boulder Industries of Western flows and consider conditions under which north Portland, to learn about the scrap- Washington. April 20–21. David stream channels were formed and then steel processing industry, and Oregon Steel Knoblach, Marenakos Rock Center, 30250 invaded by lava and later abandoned. Cost: Mills, where scrap is purchased for remelt- SE Highpoint Way, Issaquah, WA 98027, $35 (includes van transportation and field ing into steel plate. Cost: $25 (includes (206) 392-3313, fax: 206-222-7292. This guide; participants must arrange for own bus transportation, field guide, lunch). survey of major building and landscaping lodging in Portland on Saturday night; no Limit: 90. Leave 9:00 a.m. Wednesday stone quarries and companies includes meals included). Limit: 20. Leave 7:00 a.m. and return at 4:00 p.m. industry history, mining and milling tech- and return by 6:00 p.m. both days. 11. Geologic and Tectonic Evolution nology, aspects of national and interna- 8. Mount St. Helens: Engineering of a Middle to Late Jurassic Marginal tional markets, geologic characteristics of Geology of Highway 504, Sediment Ocean Basin, Northern Klamath stone, and landscaping and architectural Retention Structure, and the Spirit Mountains Province. April 24–27. examples. Cost: $99 (includes double- Lake Tunnel. April 21. Scott Burns (see Doug Yule and Jason B. Saleeby, California occupancy lodging, van transportation, Contact Information). In addition to the Institute of Technology, Division of Geo- lunches, field guide). Limit: 50. Leave general geology of the Mount St. Helens logical and Planetary Sciences 170-25, 7:45 a.m. Saturday from the Red Lion blast zone, we will focus on engineering Pasadena, CA 91125, (818) 395-6590, Hotel and return at 10:30 p.m. Sunday. geology along the Toutle River and will fax 818-683-0621, E-mail: [email protected]. 5. Quaternary Crustal and Subduc- visit Silver Lake Visitor Center, ancient caltech.edu; Cal Barnes, Texas Tech Uni- tion Earthquakes in the Coos Bay lahar outcrops, Sediment Retention Struc- versity, Lubbock; Art Snoke, University of area, Southern Oregon Coast. ture, three landslide sites, spectacular Wyoming, Laramie; Greg Harper, SUNY— April 20–21. Ian Madin, Oregon Depart- viewpoints of debris avalanche deposits, Albany, New York. We will visit exposures ment of Geology and Mineral Industries, rock bolting sites, debris avalanche in the western Jurassic belt and the west- 1831 First Street, Baker City, OR 97814, deposits, South Coldwater Canyon land- ern Paleozoic and Triassic belt of the Kla- (541) 523-3133, fax 541-523-5992. We will slides, Spirit Lake Outlet Tunnel, and math Mountains province in the Califor- examine evidence for Quaternary earth- David Johnston Ridge. Cost: $25 (includes nia-Oregon border region to examine the quakes in the Coos Bay area of the south- van transportation, lunch, field guide). various petrotectonic elements and the ern Oregon coast, an onshore extension Limit: 48. Leave 8:00 a.m. Sunday and general structural features of suprasubduc- of the Cascadia fold and thrust belt, visit return at 6:00 p.m.. tion-zone oceanic lithosphere that formed several sites exposing faulted Quaternary 9. Geologic History of Mount Hood a Middle to Late Jurassic marginal ocean marine terraces, and look at evidence from Volcano. April 21. Willie Scott and basin fringing western North America. marsh coring for possibly coseismic Cynthia Gardner, U.S. Geological Survey— Cost: $275 (includes van transportation, Holocene land-level changes. Cost: $90 Cascades Volcano Observatory, 5400 three nights double-occupancy lodging, (includes one night double-occupancy MacArthur Blvd. Vancouver, WA 98661, field guide, most meals). Limit: 30 (mini- lodging, van transportation, some meals, (360) 696-7909, fax 360-696-7866, E-mail: mum 20). Leave 5:00 p.m. Wednesday and field guide). Limit: 30. Leave 7:00 a.m. Sat- [email protected]. We will sam- return late afternoon Saturday. urday and return at 8:00 p.m. Sunday. ple highlights of the geologic history and 12. Evidence of the Missoula Floods 6. Deschutes Basin: A Medial and vistas of Mount Hood along the scenic and Quaternary Geology in the Port- Distal Record of Cascades Volcan- loop through the Columbia Gorge and land Area. April 25. Scott Burns (see Con- ism. April 20–21. Gordon G. Goles, along the Hood and Sandy River Valleys, tact Information). We will visit erosional Department of Geological Sciences, and examine lava flows, pyroclastic- and and depositional features of the Missoula University of Oregon, Eugene, OR debris-flow deposits, and glacial sediments floods in the Portland area—scouring 97403-1272, (541) 346-4589, E-mail: that record the evolution of Mount Hood around Rocky Butte, flood-produced sur- [email protected]. This trip will throughout the Quaternary. Cost: $25 faces of east Portland, scouring around focus on tectonic setting of structural (includes van transportation, lunch, field Oregon City and Lake Oswego, delta for- deformation and Neogene volcanism in guide). Limit: 30. Leave 7:30 a.m. Sunday mation at Durham—and will discuss the and near the Deschutes Basin of central and return at 6:00 p.m. new Quaternary geology map of Portland. Oregon; Deschutes Formation (volcani- Cost: $20 (includes van transportation, Postmeeting clastic units and lava); John Day Forma- lunch, field guide). Limit: 40. Leave Thurs- 10. Tour of Oregon Steel Mills. tion “local expression”; Miocene bimodal day 8:00 a.m. and return at 5:00 p.m. April 24. Susan Graham and Jeff volcanic complexes; Columbia River Markstaller, Oregon Steel Mills, P.O. basalts; Cove Palisades State Park. SYMPOSIA and THEME SESSIONS Box 2760, Portland, OR 97208, (503) Cost: $50 (includes van transportation, Please contact the conveners for 978-6168, fax 503-240-5268. We will visit field guide, refreshments; camping option information about a specific symposium the Schnitzer Steel Mill in the morning in for Saturday night (recommended—con- or theme session. Individuals needing gen-

26 GSA TODAY, January 1996 eral information should contact Michael Symposia 97207, (503) 725-3383, fax 503-725-3025, Cummings (see Contact Information). 1. Mesozoic and Early Tertiary E-mail: [email protected]. Three themes have been selected Evolution of Southern California, 6. Educating Today for Tomorrow’s to unify the interests of the sponsoring Arizona, and Nevada (poster and oral World. Barbara Kirk, Chemeketa Com- organizations. sessions). Andrew Barth, Department of munity College, P.O. Box 14007, Salem, Geology, Indiana University, 723 West OR 97309, (503) 399-5247, fax 503- THEME 1: Infrastructure Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, 399-5214, E-mail: [email protected]. Slope Stability: Assessment and (317) 274-1243, fax 317-274-7966, E-mail: A collection of volunteered papers Remediation. Sue D’Agnese, Oregon [email protected]. demonstrating “what works” in presenting Department of Transportation, Roseburg, 2. Subduction Zone and Intraplate geoscience issues that prepares students OR 97470, (541) 957-3595, fax 541- Earthquakes in the Pacific North- for tomorrow’s world. 957-3604. west: Preparing for the Future 7. Earthquake Potential in the Infrastructure: Design and Materials. (Tuesday evening). Beverly Vogt, Oregon Pacific Northwest (poster and oral Matthew Kuhn, University of Portland, Department of Geology and Mineral sessions). Ivan Wong, Woodward-Clyde, School of Engineering, 5000 N. Willamette Industries, Suite 965, 800 NE Oregon Oakland, CA 94607, (510) 874-3014, fax Blvd., Portland, OR 97203-5798, (503) Street #28, Portland, OR 97232, (503) 510-874-3268, E-mail: 283-7361, fax 503-283-7345, E-mail: 731-4100, fax 503-731-4066. [email protected]; Brian Atwater, U.S. [email protected]. 3. Geoscience Input in Water Geological Survey, Seattle, Washington. Failure Analysis. D. G. Chakrapani, Resources Decision Making: Case 8. Earthquake Hazards: Learning MEI-Charlton, Inc. 2233 SW Canyon Studies from Portland, Oregon. Lorna from Past Disasters (poster and oral Road, Portland, OR 97201-2499, (503) Stickel, Regional Water Supply Project sessions). Mei Mei Wong, Oregon Depart- 228-9663, fax 503-228-4065. Manager, Portland Water Bureau, 1120 SW ment of Geology and Mineral Industries, The Future of Aggregate in the 5th Ave., Room 601, Portland, OR 97204, Suite 965, 800 NE Oregon St., #28, Port- Northwest—A Vital Resource to a (503) 823-7502, fax 503-823-6133. land, OR 97232, (503) 731-4100, fax 503- Growing Area. Dorian Kuper and Diane Portland has recently examined 731-4066; Joe Ritchey, Western Field Oper- Murbach, David J. Newton Associates, future water supply needs and sources ations Center, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 360 E. Inc., 1201 SW 12th Ave., Suite 400, Port- for the growing metropolitan area. 3rd Ave., Spokane, WA 99202, (509) 353- land, OR 97205, (503) 228-7718, fax 503- This session examines the process 2700, fax 509-353-2662. 228-7781. and the contributions of the geoscience 9. The Last Glaciation in Western THEME 2: Environmental Concerns community. North America (poster and oral Mine Waste Disposal and Cleanup. sessions). Jan T. Heine, Quaternary Norm Day, Recreation Lands and Miner- GENERAL THEME SESSIONS Research Center, Box 351310, University als, P.O. Box 3623, U.S. Forest Service, 1. Geologic Evolution of the Oregon of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, (206) Portland, OR 97208-3623, (503) 326-6705, Plateau (oral and poster session). 543-1190, fax 206-543-3836, E-mail: fax 503-326-7554; Debra Mervyn, Parsons- William Hart, Department of Geology, [email protected]. Brinckerhoff, 400 SW Sixth Ave., Suite Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, Synthesis of research on the full- 802, Portland, OR 97204-1628, (503) 274- (513) 529-3217, fax 513-529-1542, E-mail: and late-glacial climate in the Cordilleran 7224, fax 503-274-1412. [email protected]. region and discussions on our understand- Discussion of cleanups and restora- 2. Ground-Water Hydrology and ing of last glaciation in Western North tions within the past five years from an Geology (oral and poster session). America. agency and design and engineering per- Marshall Gannett, U.S. Geological Survey, 10. Integrating Geomorphic spective including innovative technologies. Water Resources Division, 10615 SE Processes in the Management of Waste Management and Remedia- Cherry Blossom Dr., Portland, OR Ecological Systems (poster and oral tion in Manufacturing. John Dash, 97216-3159, (503) 251-3233, E-mail: sessions). Alan Gallegos, Sierra National Department of Physics, Portland State [email protected]; Kenneth E. Lite, Forest, 1600 Tollhouse Road, Clovis, CA University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon Water Resources Department, 158 93611, (209) 297-0706, fax 209-294-4809; OR 97207, (503) 725-4222, E-mail: 12th St. NE, Salem, OR 97310-0210, (503) Alan Yeakley, Environmental Science & [email protected]. 378-8455, E-mail: [email protected]. Resources Program, Portland State Univer- Environmental Compliance. Peter 3. Operating Mines in the Western sity, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, Baer, 838 NE 10th St., Gresham, OR Cordillera. Brian Ballou, Glenbrook (503) 725-8040, fax 503-725-3888, E-mail: 97030, (503) 661-7995, fax 503-661-7965. Nickel, P.O. Box 85, Riddle, OR 97469, [email protected]. Environmental Noncompliance. Peter (541) 874-3171, fax 503-874-3380. 11. Cordilleran Granites: A Sympo- Baer, 838 NE 10th St., Gresham, OR 4. Undergraduate Research: Poster sium in Honor of Paul C. Bateman 97030, (503) 661-7995, fax 503-661-7965. Session. Sponsored by Geology Division, (poster and oral sessions). Dallas Peck, U.S. Materials: From Cradle Back to Cra- Council on Undergraduate Research. Susan Geological Survey, MS 959, Reston, VA dle. Adrian McNutt, Glenbrook Nickel, DeBari, Department of Geology, San Jose 22092, (703) 648-6448, fax 703-648-6683, P.O. Box 85, Riddle, OR 97469, (541) State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0102, E-mail: [email protected]; 874-3171, fax 541-874-3380. (408) 924-5027, fax 408-924-5053, E-mail: James G. Moore, U.S. Geological Survey, [email protected]. Presentation MS 910, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo THEME 3: Energy must be the result of the student’s own Park, CA 94025, (415) 329-5244, E-mail: Geology and Geothermal Resource participation in an undergraduate research [email protected]; Scott R. Potential of the Cascades Range and program. The undergraduate must be the Paterson, Department of Earth Sciences, Northern Basin and Range Province. sole or leading author on the abstract. University of Southern California, Los Michael Cummings (see Contact Informa- “Best poster” award ($300). Angeles, CA 90089-0740, (213) 740-6103, tion) and David McClain, CE Exploration 5. Computer Software: What’s New fax 213-740-8801, E-mail: paterson@ Co., Portland. in Research and Education? (poster usc.edu. Energy: Materials and Technologies. and hands-on session). Ken Cruikshank, 12. Middle Jurassic to Early Mark Siddall, Teledyne Wah Chang, Department of Geology, Portland State Cretaceous Evolution of the Sierra P.O. Box 460, Albany, OR, (541) 926-4211, University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR ext. 610, fax 541-967-6987. Cordilleran continued on p. 29

GSA TODAY, January 1996 27 ✃ Amount ______$______...... ( $20 20) $ TOTAL FEES TOTAL Educator (302) $10Educator (302) ______$ $10Educator (304) ______$ Educator (306) FREEEducator (306) ______$ Educator (308) FREEEducator (308) ______$ FREEEducator (310) ______$ Educator (312) FREEEducator (312) ______$ April 25 $ 20 (112) $ ______April 20Ð21 ( 50) FREE $ ______April 19Ð21 $130 (101) April 19Ð21 $125 (102) $ ______April 20 $ ______April 20Ð21 $ 99 (104) $ (103) April 20Ð21 25 $ 90 (105) $ ______April 20Ð21 $ $ (106) ______$ 50 ______April 20Ð21 $ (107) 35 $ ______$ ______April 21 $ (108) 25 $ ______April 21 $ (109) 25 $ ______April 24 $ (110) 25 $ ______April 24Ð27 $ (111) 275 $ ______April 24 ( 68) $16.50 $ ______April 23April 23 (April 23 63) FREE for committee (April 23 64) $16.50 $ ______(April 23 65) $ 7.50 $ ( ______66) $ 7.50 $ ( ______67) FREE $ ______April 22April 22 ( 61) FREE for committee ( 62) $16.50 $ ______April 22 ( 60) $15 $ ______April 22 April 23 ...... ( 21) $24April 24 ...... ( 22) $22 $ ______$ ______Others (303) $30 $ ______$30______$ $30Others (303) $ Others (305) Others (307) $10 $ ______$10 $ Others (307) Others (309) $10 $ ______$10______$ $10Others (309) $ Others (311) Others (313) $10 $ ______$10 $ Others (313) $60 (02) $30 $ ______...... (03) $70 (04)$ $35 (05) ______$20 (06)$ $10 (07) ______$30 (08)$ $15 (42) ______$15(09) $10 (43) $ $ 5 ______N/A $ ______Full Meeting One Day ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 ...... afternoon ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 afternoon ...... KÐ12 ...... KÐ12 KÐ12 Educators KÐ12 ...... (01) ...... 2. Columbia Gorge, April 20 2. Columbia Gorge, April 20 morning April 21, 3. Constructed Wetland, 3. Constructed Wetland, April 21, morning April 21, 3. Constructed Wetland, April 21, 3. Constructed Wetland, 1. Rattlesnake Tuff 1. Rattlesnake Tuff 1. Mount St. Helens, April 20 4. Light Rail Tunnel, April 21, morning April 21, 4. Light Rail Tunnel, morning 4. Light Rail Tunnel, April 21, 4. Light Rail Tunnel, 4. Light Rail Tunnel, afternoon 4. Light Rail Tunnel, 2. Paleoflood Hydrology 3. Landslides of Oregon Coast Range 4. Building-Stones Industry 5. Earthquakes in Coos Bay Area 6. Deschutes Basin 7. Intracanyon Flows 8. Engineering Geology—Mount St. Helens 9. Geological History of Mt. Hood Volcano 9. Geological History of Mt. Hood Volcano Member fee applies to any current professional OR Student of GSA or Associated Societies listed at left. Discount does not apply to guest registrants. Mount St. Helens, April 19Ð20 Tuesday Luncheon Tuesday Paul C. Bateman Reception Evening Gathering Tuesday Evening Gathering Tuesday Cordilleran Section Business Luncheon Keynote Luncheon Committee on Education Breakfast REGISTRATION FEES REGISTRATION Professional Member* Professional Nonmember Student Member* Student Nonmember Professional KÐ12 Guest or Spouse * GUEST EVENTS 1. Columbia River Gorge National Scienic Area 2. Portland Area Gardens 3. Portland Downtown and West Hills SPECIAL EVENTS Section Breakfast NAGT-Pacific Committee on Geology and Public Policy Breakfast WORKSHOP Roy Shlemon Mentors in Applied Geology Program FIELD TRIPS FIELD STUDIES EDUCATION 3. Constructed Wetland, April 21, afternoon April 21, 3. Constructed Wetland, 10. Oregon Steel Mills Tour Oregon Steel Mills Tour 10. 11. Petrotectonic Elements—Klamath Mtns. 11. 12. Missoula Floods, Quaternary Geology/Portland 12. I ⁄ fax Expires DR CR Home Phone Business Phone FOR OFFICE USE GSA Cordilleran Section I ( ______) ______-______( ______) ______-______( ______) ______-______A ______CK#______V ______M ______Bal. A/R 1233 ______Ref. A/P 2006 ______Refund ck# ______ORM F Employer/University Affiliation March 15 March 22 March Mailing Address (use two lines if necessary) Name as it should appear on your guest’s badge City State Name as it should appear on your badge (last name first) City State or Country City State or Country ZIP Code Country (if other than USA)

Please print clearly ¥ BADGE YOUR THIS AREA IS FOR I I I I

GUEST INFORMATION ¥ Please print clearly ¥ badge This area is for I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I (A) GSA (B) AEG (C) NAGT (D) PS (E) AIME (F) AWS (G) ASM (H) Speaker will need services to accommodate a disability: Yes Please indicate if you or your guest I I I I I I I I I I II I REREGISTRATION Cancellation Deadline: Check American Express VISA MasterCard I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I Preregistration Deadline: Preregistration MAIL TO: GSA CORDILLERAN SECTION MEETING, 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 BOX P.O. to: funds payable Remit in U.S. Section Meeting GSA Cordilleran 1996 P 15, 1996.Preregistration Deadline: March Portland Oregon • April 22–24, 1996 Circle member affiliation (to qualify for registration discount): (All preregistrations must be prepaid. Purchase Orders not accepted.) Payment by (check one): I Card Number I Signature

28 GSA TODAY, January 1996 Cordilleran continued from p. 27 285-7703, fax 503-286-5681; Elaine ence and technology education. Portland Cullen, U.S. Bureau of Mines, 315 E. State University, Department of Geology. Nevada Foothills and Klamath–Blue Montgomery, Spokane, WA 99207, Free for K–12 educators. Mountains Provinces. Doug Yule, (509) 484-1610, fax 509-640-8070. Poster Session: Methods for Teach- Department of Geology, Caltech, (818) ing Earth Sciences in Elementary, Field Studies 395-6590, fax 818-683-0621, E-mail: Middle, and High School. Tuesday, Geology and Eruption History of [email protected]. April 23, 4:30–7:30 p.m., Exhibit Hall. Mount St. Helens. Saturday, April 20. 13. Site Characterization and On-site Contact Michael Cummings, Department Leader: Catherine Hickson, Geological Remedial Solutions. Mark Byrnes, of Geology, Portland State University, Survey of Canada, Vancouver, British Science Applications International Corp., P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, (503) Columbia. Toutle River valley and 3250 Port of Benton Blvd., Richland, WA 725-3395, fax 503-725-3025, E-mail: Holocene eruption history of Mount St. 99352, (509) 372-7715, fax 509-372-7701, [email protected]. Helens, for elementary educators and mid- E-mail: [email protected]. Theme sessions (see details above): dle school–high school educators. Cost: 14. Area Reports: Mineral Resource Educating Today for Tomorrow’s $10 for K–12 educators; $30 for other Developments in Northwestern World (all day Tuesday), Subduction interested geoscientists (includes trans- States and Canadian Provinces. Zone and Intraplate Earthquakes in portation by 15-passenger vans, field Janine Clayton, U.S. Forest Service— the Pacific Northwest: Preparing for materials). Limit: 50. Siuslaw National Forest, 4077 Research the Future (Tuesday evening), Under- Geologic Evolution of the Columbia Way, Corvallis, OR 97383, (541) 750-7153, graduate Research: Poster Session River Gorge. Saturday, April 20. Leader: fax 541-750-7234. (Wednesday), and the Roy Shlemon Wayne Colony, Clark College, Vancouver, Mentors in Applied Geology Pro- WA. Geology of the Columbia River WORKSHOP gram (Saturday and Sunday, April 20 and Gorge, including stratigraphic units, Roy Shlemon Mentors in Applied 21) round out the educational program at geomorphic features, and river hydrology. Geology Program. April 20–21, the GSA Cordilleran Section meeting. Cost: $10 for K–12 educators; $30 for 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m., Department of Geol- other interested geoscientists (includes ogy, Portland State University. A hands-on PROJECTION EQUIPMENT transportation by 15-passenger vans, workshop and field study examining the Each lecture room will be equipped field materials). Limit: 50. science behind problems in applied geol- with a standard 35 mm carousel projector Hydrology, Geology, and Biological ogy. Limited to 15 students who are senior and screen. Overhead projectors are avail- Productivity in a Constructed Wet- undergraduates or graduate students. This able upon request. A limited number of land. Sunday, two sessions, morning and workshop is supported by an endowment carousels will be available. Other special afternoon, April 21. Leaders: Janine Boer, to the Geological Society of America by equipment is available but must be Department of Geology, Portland State Roy Shlemon. Qualified students inter- requested in advance. A speaker-ready University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR ested in the program should contact room is available for loading slides and 97207, (503) 725-3022, fax 503-725-3025, Michael Cummings (see Contact Informa- practicing talks. E-mail: [email protected]; Jim tion). No registration fee. Martin, Center for Science Education, EXHIBITS Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, COMPUTER CENTER The exhibit area, site of the welcom- Portland, OR 97207. Hands-on examina- The computer center in the Exhibit ing reception, will be open 6:00–9:00 p.m. tion of the geological and biological pro- Hall will provide hands-on experience Sunday evening. Exhibits will be open cesses that operate in important pollution with software designed for applications Monday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Tues- control facilities—a constructed wetland in the earth sciences. Short instructional day from 8:00 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. (a light designed to handle storm water runoff in sessions will be held for software demon- buffet will be served in the exhibit area the Rivergate Industrial Area, north Port- strations, followed by ample time for par- Tuesday evening), and Wednesday from land. Cost: Free for K–12 educators; $10 ticipants to experiment with software. 8:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. For information for other interested geoscientists (includes Each day will feature different software on available exhibit booths, contact John transportation by 15-passenger vans, field applications. Tuesday evening is dedicated Kelley, Advanced Surfaces and Processes, materials). Limit: 40 at each session. to software of interest to K–12 educators. 85 N 26th Ave., Bldg. 2, Cornelius, OR Engineering Geology of the Light The computer center is coordinated with 97119, (503)-640-4072, fax 503-640-8070, Rail Tunnel Through the Portland Theme and Poster Session 6 (see above). or Chuck Daellenbach, 1870 NW Meadow West Hills. Sunday, two sessions, morn- For more information, contact Ken Cruik- Wood Dr., Albany, OR 97321, (541) ing and afternoon, April 21. Ken Walsh, shank, Department of Geology, Portland 928-4256. Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2140 SW Jefferson State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, St., Suite 200, Portland, OR 97201-7713, OR 97207, (503) 725-3383, fax 503- STUDENT SUPPORT (503) 833-6817, fax 503-833-6844. Engi- 725-3025, E-mail: [email protected]. The GSA Cordilleran Section provides neering geology of tunnels under construc- grants to support GSA Student Associates tion through the Portland Hills as part of EARTH SCIENCE EDUCATION who are presenting papers at the meeting. expansion of the Portland Light Rail Sys- The GSA Cordilleran Section Commit- For further information and application tem. Cost: Free for K–12 educators; $10 tee on Education, in cooperation with par- forms, contact Cordilleran Section Secre- for other interested geoscientists (includes ticipating societies, is pleased to announce tary Bruce A. Blackerby, Department of transportation by 15-passenger vans, field the following programs. Geology, California State University, materials). Limit: 40 at each session. K–12 educators are invited to partici- Fresno, CA 93740, (209) 278-2955, E-mail: Workshops on Earth Science and pate in field studies, workshops, poster [email protected]. Applica- Technology Education: National sessions, and technical sessions. Program tions should include certification that Science Standards in Earth Sciences organizers include Craig Rankine, the student is presenting a paper and is a and Technology. Sunday, April 21. A EMCON, 15055 SW Seqouia Parkway, GSA Student Associate of the Cordilleran variety of sessions for different grade lev- Suite 140, Portland, OR 97224-7712, (503) Section. All letters must be received by els, to be repeated morning and afternoon, 624-7200, fax 503-620-7658; Mike Park, January 15, 1996. will examine materials and approaches to Stack Metallurgical Services, 6340 N. teaching national standards for earth sci- Basin, Portland, OR 97217, (503) Cordilleran continued on p. 30

GSA TODAY, January 1996 29 Cordilleran continued from p. 29 Hall before the special symposium on Sub- duction Zone and Intraplate Earth- SPECIAL EVENTS quakes in the Pacific Northwest: Welcoming Reception. Sunday, Preparing for the Future. April 21, 6:00–9:00 p.m. Exhibit Hall. Cordilleran Section Business Lun- Cost is included in registration. Exhibits cheon. Wednesday, April 24, 12:00 to will be open. No-host bar. 1:30 p.m. Cost: $16.50. PORTLAND AREA NAGT-Pacific Section Breakfast. Monday, April 22, 7:00–8:30 a.m. Cost: $15. SPOUSE and GUEST ACTIVITIES Committee on Geology and Public The Geological Society of the Oregon Policy. Monday, April 22, 7:00 a.m. Country is host for the following spouse Breakfast free for committee members. and guest activities. Keynote Luncheon. Monday, April 22, Columbia River Gorge National 12:00–1:30 p.m. East Ballroom. Speaker: Scenic Area. Monday, April 22, 8:30 a.m.– P. Patrick Leahy, Chief Geologist for the 4:30 p.m. Outbound stops include Crown U.S. Geological Survey, “Balancing Public Point, Multnomah Falls, and Bonneville From Airport to Service and Science in the U.S. Geological Dam’s fish ladders, hatchery, locks, and Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center Take I-205 south to I-84 west. Follow I-84 Survey.” Cost: $16.50. power generation facilities. Cross Bridge of west into Portland. Take the Lloyd Blvd. Committee on Education Breakfast. the Gods, have lunch at Skamania Lodge, exit. Turn right at the second signal, 9th St. Tuesday, April 23, 7:00 a.m. Breakfast free and return on the Washington side to visit The hotel is one block up on the left side. for committee members. Pendleton Woolen Mills and Fort Vancou- Tuesday Luncheon. April 23, ver National Historic Site. Cost: $20 12:00–1:30 p.m. East Ballroom. Speaker: (includes box lunch, transportation, and Hoyt Arboretum, and the Japanese Gar- Maynard M. Miller, Professor of Geology admission fees). Limit: 24. dens. Cost: $22 (includes box lunch, trans- and Director of Glacialogical and Antarctic Portland Area Gardens. Tuesday, portation, and admission fees). Limit: 24. Sciences, University of Idaho, and Idaho April 23, 8:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m. Four gardens State Representative. “Glaciers and Global with a contrast in styles: Leach Botanical HOUSING Climate Change.” Cost: $16.50. Gardens, a natural area with historic inter- A block of rooms at the Red Lion Paul C. Bateman Reception. Tuesday, est; Crystal Springs, rhododendrons in a Hotel—Lloyd Center, the site of the meet- April 23, 6:00–9:00 p.m. A reception in lake setting; Rose Gardens, Portland’s ing, has been reserved for attendees at a honor of Paul C. Bateman. Cost: $7.50. most famous view; and Berry Gardens, a special reduced rates (see housing form on No-host bar. private garden with a focus on primroses. this page). Additional housing is available Tuesday Evening Gathering. April 23, Cost: $24 (includes box lunch, transporta- within both walking and mass-transit 6:00–7:30 p.m. Exhibit Hall. Exhibits will tion, and admission fees). Limit: 24. distance of the Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd be open. Cost: $7.50. K–12 educators free Portland Downtown and West Hills. Center. Use the registration form in this as guests of the Pacific Section of the Na- Wednesday, April 24, 8:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m. announcement to register directly with tional Association of Geoscience Teachers. Guided walking tour of downtown Port- the hotel. To receive the special rate, your No-host bar.Share time with friends and land, followed by travel to the heights west registration must be at the hotel by enjoy a light evening meal in the Exhibit of downtown to visit Pittock Mansion, March 15. If you are eligible for a govern- ment rate, please register using the hous- ing form here.

Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center CHILD CARE ROOM A room has been set aside at the Red Cordilleran Section • Geological Society of America Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center for infant child April 22–24, 1996 care.

Accommodations One Person Rate Two Person Rate GETTING AROUND Standard Room, One Queen Bed $106.00 $106.00 The Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center Deluxe Room, Two Queen Beds $117.00 $117.00 operates a free shuttle service to and from Executive Room, One King Bed $117.00 $117.00 Portland International Airport. Shuttle Each Additional Person Per Room $ 15.00 $ 15.00 vans run every 30 minutes on the hour Smoking Yes No and half hour. Portland has a well-devel- I qualify for Government Rate Yes Contact hotel for rate oped mass-transit system. Trains of the Reservations must be made by: March 15, 1996. Metropolitan Area Express, MAX, pass by the Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center, as do Date of Arrival ______Time ______No. of Nights ______several major bus lines. Rooms held until 6:00 p.m., unless guaranteed by major credit card* or advance deposit. If delayed, a phone call will hold reservations for a reasonable time. DETAILED INFORMATION Name ______Address ______Information concerning registration, accommodations, field trips, symposia and City ______State ____ ZIP Code ______theme sessions, and other activities are updated regularly on the World Wide Web Representing ______Phone No. ______home page for the Department of Geol- Credit Card Type______No. ______Exp. Date ______ogy, Portland State University (http://131.252.71.35/, or via If no room is available at rate requested, reservation will be made at nearest rate available. Check-out time is 12:00 noon. Check-in time after 3:00 p.m. Rates subject to local taxes and change without notice. http://www.pdx.edu/). Requests for addi- *American Express, Diners, VISA, MasterCard, and Thunderbird tional information or suggestions should be sent to General Chair Michael Cum- Red Lion Hotel—Lloyd Center, 1000 N.E. Multnomah, Portland, OR 97232 • (503) 281-6111 mings (See Contact Information, p. 26). ■

30 GSA TODAY, January 1996 In Memoriam Memorial Preprints

Arthur Baker III Robert L. Nichols The following memorial preprints are now available, free of Reno, Nevada Seminole, Florida charge, by writing to GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. John H. Eric Vladimir Okulitch George G. Anderman John Granville Johnson Northampton, Massachusetts Alberta, Canada Robert R. Berg Roy E. Smith May 30, 1995 August 31, 1995 John E. Armstrong Robert Ferguson Legget Arthur S. Knox James P. Owens W. H. Mathews Allen W. Hatheway Lakeridge, Virginia Fairfax, Virginia Sturges W. Bailey Carlos Schubert October 19, 1995 Alan H. Voisey Eugene N. Cameron Thomas W. Donnelly New South Wales, Australia James L. Calver Donald Desmond Utterback April 15, 1995 CRBH Thomas H. Philpott Robert Roy Coats Sherman Alexander Robert N. Coats Wengerd CALENDAR Donald L. Everhart

Only new or changed information is being Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, bus, Ohio. Information: AIPG, 7828 Vance Dr., published in GSA Today . A complete listing CO 80523, (970)491-7425, fax 970-491-7727. Suite 103, Arvada, CO 80003, (303) 431-0831, fax 303-431-1332. can be found in the Geoscience Calendar April 28–May 1, In Situ and On-Site Bioreme- section on the Internet: http://www.aescon. diation 4th International Symposium, New October 18–20, IGCP Project 364, Geological com/geosociety/index.html. Orleans, Louisiana. Information: Joan Purvis, The Correlation of Ophiolites and Volcanic Arcs Conference Group, 1989 West Fifth Ave., Suite 5, in the Circum-Caribbean Realm, Cuba. Infor- Columbus, OH 43212-1912, (614) 424-5461, mation: Lilavatti Díaz de Villalvilla, Inst. GeologÍa 1996 Penrose Conferences 800-783-6338, fax 614-488-5747, Inter- y Paleontología, Via Blanca y Carretera Central, April net: [email protected]. Ciudad de La Habana, CP11000, Cuba, fax 537- 335345; or Grenville Draper, Dept. of Geology, April 17–22, Tectonic Evolution of the Gulf May Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, of California and its Margins, Loreto, Baja May, Deep Lithosphere and Utilization of (305)348-3087, fax 305-348-3877, E-mail: California Sur, Mexico. Information: Paul J. the Earth’s Interior, Kiev, Ukraine. Information: [email protected]. Umhoefer, Department of Geology, Box 4099, L. Kukshina, 8 P. Orlik Str., “Geoprognoz” Geolog- Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, ical Co., 252024 Kiev, Ukraine, phone 7-293-57- (520) 523-6464, fax 520-523-9220, E-mail: 56 and 7-293-03-15, fax 7-44-293-11-4. Send notices of meetings of general interest, in [email protected]. format above, to Editor, GSA Today, P.O. Box May 15–19, 42nd Institute on Lake Superior 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, E-mail: editing@ October Geology, Cable, Wisconsin. Information: geosociety.org. October 9–14, Exhumation Processes: Normal Laurel G. Woodruff, U.S. Geological Survey, Faulting, Ductile Flow, and Erosion, Island 2280 Woodale Dr., Mounds View, MN 55112, of Crete. Information: Mark T. Brandon, Depart- (612)783-3291, fax 612-783-3103, E-mail: ment of Geology and Geophysics, Kline Geology [email protected]. Laboratory, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, (203) 432-3135, June fax 203-432-3134, E-mail: brandon@ June 1–3, Friends of the Pleistocene, North- milne.geol.yale.edu. Central Cell Field Conference, North Dakota and Minnesota. Information: Ken Harris, Minnesota Geological Survey, (612)627-4809, 1996 Meetings E-mail: [email protected]; John Reid, February University of North Dakota, E-mail: joreid@ February 1–3, Indian Geological Congress, badlands.nodak.edu; or Mark Luther, North 10th Convention and Seminar on Precam- Dakota Geological Survey, E-mail: Mark@ brian Crustal Evolution and Metallogenesis, eagle.ndgs. state.nd.us. Dhanbad, India. Information: S. C. Patel, 10th July IGC, Dept. of Applied Geology, Indian School July 18-21, History of Oil and Gas Explo- of Mines, Dhanbad 826 004, India, phone 91- ration in North America, Titusville, Pennsylva- 326-202381, fax 91-326-203042. nia. Information: W. R. Brice, Dept. of Geology, February 19–23, 13th Australian Geological University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown, PA 15904, Convention, Canberra, Australia. Information: (814)269-2901, E-mail: [email protected]. 13th AGC, ACTS, GPO Box 2200, Canberra, ACT (Abstracts deadline: April 10, 1996.) 2601, Australia, phone 61-6-257-3299, fax 61-6- August 257-3256, E-mail: [email protected]. Inter- August 13–15, 15th International Conference net Web site: http://www.agso.auinformation on Ground Control in Mining, Golden, Col- 13age.html orado. Information: Colorado School of Mines, February 26–27, Urban Conservation 2000, Office of Special Programs and Continuing Educa- Seattle, Washington. Information: Soil and Water tion, Golden, CO 80401, (303) 273-3321 or 800- Conservation Society, 7515 Northeast Ankeny Rd., 446-9488, fax 303-273-3314. (Abstract deadline: Ankeny, IA 50021-9764, (515) 289-2331 or 1- January 15, 1996.) 800-THE-SOIL, fax 515-289-1227. September March September 7–9, Second International Meet- March 14-15, 12th Mining and Geothermal ing on Global Continental Paleohydrology, Institute, Reno, Nevada. Information: Toledo, Spain. Information: Gerardo Benito or American Association of Professional Landmen, Alfredo Pérez-González, CSIC-Centro de Ciencias 4100 Fossil Creek Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76137, Medioambientales, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 (817) 847-7700. Madrid, Spain, fax 34-1-564-08-00, E-mail: [email protected]. April April 15–19, Colorado State University 16th October Annual Hydrology Days, Fort Collins, Colorado. October 8-12, American Institute of Profes- Information: Janet Lee Montera, Dept. of Civil sional Geologists Annual Meeting, Colum-

GSA TODAY, January 1996 31 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or can- istry at the graduate and undergraduate levels, and teach Teaching duties (in French) include introductory courses cellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office one in the introductory non-major program. In 1997 the in Mineralogy-Crystallography, Geochemistry and Sed- month prior. Contact Advertising Department (303) Department will move into a new building which will imentology, as well as advanced courses in his/her field. 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, or include wet-chemical laboratory space. The building will The position is available from 1st of October 1996. E-mail:[email protected]. Please include com- also house a full suite of modern analytical tools. Appli- For more information contact the director of the institute: plete address, phone number, and E-mail address with all cants may familiarize themselves with the Department via [email protected]; fax (41)38 23 26 01. correspondence. Internet at http://xtl5.colorado.edu/~geology/home.html. Applications including curriculum vitae, publication list, Applicants should submit a current vita, a summary of research programs and references should be sent no later Per line current and proposed research and teaching interests, than February 29, 1996, to: Département de l'Instruction Per Line for each and arrange to have at least three letters of recommenda- Publique du Canton de Neuchâtel, Château, CH-2001 for addt'l month tion sent to the Aqueous Geochemistry Search, Depart- Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Classification 1st month (same ad) ment of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 Boulder, CO 80309-0250. The Search Committee will Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 begin to evaluate applications on Jan. 31, 1996, but will GEOTHERMAL GEOSCIENCE Consultants $6.50 $5.50 consider new applications until March 15, 1996. It is the Union Oil Company of California, dba Unocal, is currently Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 applicant's responsibility to see that the letters of refer- accepting applications for positions in the Geothermal & Opportunities for Students ence are sent. Power Operations Group, based in Santa Rosa, Califor- first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 The University of Colorado at Boulder strongly sup- nia. Unocal is the world leader in the development of additional lines $1.35 $2.35 ports the principle of diversity. We are particularly inter- geothermal energy, and is aggressively pursuing new Code number: $2.75 extra ested in receiving applications from women, members of opportunities overseas. ethnic minorities, disabled persons, veterans and veterans The following positions will include frequent overseas Agencies and organizations may submit purchase order or of the Vietnam Era. assignments to remote field locations, often with primitive payment with copy. Individuals must send prepayment living conditions. The fieldwork will involve hiking in steep with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 characters per line, terrain, under physically demanding conditions. The suc- including all punctuation and blank spaces. Actual cost UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA cessful applicants for these positions must possess good may differ if you use capitals, centered copy, or special MARINE STRATIGRAPHY/SEDIMENTATION; interpersonal and communication skills and be able to characters. PALEOSEISMOLOGY work effectively in a diverse, multinational team environ- The Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern ment. Candidates must be willing to relocate outside the To answer coded ads, use this address: Code # ----, California, is accepting applications for a faculty position in United States if required. GSA Advertising Dept., P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO either or both of the following fields of specialization: The exploration and development of geothermal 80301-9140. All coded mail will be forwarded within 1) marine stratigraphy/sedimentology; and 2) paleoseis- energy involves many technical challenges, and an ability 24 hours of arrival at GSA Today office. mology. The tenure-track appointment(s) will be at the to innovate is essential. However, the focus of this work Assistant Professor level, beginning in September, 1996. will be on finding practical solutions to problems, not on Applications including curriculum vitae, a statement of research. An essential skill for these positions is the ability teaching and research interests, and the names of three to integrate diverse types of geoscientific data into con- references should be sent directly to: Professor Charles ceptual models. Some training in other related geoscien- Positions Open Sammis, Chair, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of tific or engineering disciplines will be an advantage. Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0740. The A physical examination, including a drug-screen urinal- deadline for applications is March 1, 1996. ysis is required. Successful candidates will need to show AQUEOUS GEOCHEMIST USC is an equal opportunity/affirmative action authorizaion for employment in the United States before UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER employer. The University is proudly pluralistic and firmly beginning work. The Department of Geological Sciences is recruiting for a committed to providing equal opportunity for outstanding GEOLOGIST. Candidates should have a BS in Geol- tenure-track faculty position in low-temperature aqueous men and women of every race, creed, and background. ogy, a MS or equivalent in Geology or Geochemistry, and geochemistry to start August, 1996. Preference will be an excellent academic record. Skills should include field given to candidates at the Assistant Professor level but geological mapping, preferably in volcanic environments, candidates at all levels will be considered. Research inter- UNIVERSITÉ DE NEUCHÂTEL, SWITZERLAND and a knowledge of hydrothermal fluid chemistry and est in rock-water interaction is desirable; preference will PROFESSOR IN LOW TEMPERATURE associated mineral assemblages. Knowledge of geochem- be given to candidates whose interests complement ongo- GEOCHEMISTRY MINERALOGY ical modeling of active geothermal systems and of state- ing teaching and research programs that include contami- The Faculty of Science at the Neuchâtel University invites of-the-art analytical techniques would be advantageous. nant and environmental geochemistry, hydrology, isotope applications for a full professor position at the Geology GEOPHYSICIST. Candidates should have a BS in geochemistry, mineralogy, soils and sedimentary geo- Institute which includes a strong Hydrogeology section. Geology, Physics or Engineering, a MS or equivalent in chemistry. Candidates should have a strong analytical The candidate is expected to conduct an interdisciplinary Geophysics, and an excellent academic record. An under- background and familiarity with geochemical modeling. research program in one or several of the following fields: standing of electromagnetic and magnetotelluric methods, Ph.D. is required; post-doctoral or industry experience is low temperature Geochemistry, sedimentary Geochem- field experience conducting geophysical surveys, and preferred. The successful applicant will be expected to istry including Alteration, Particle Transport, Sedimenta- proven skills in computer processing and modeling are conduct an active research program, direct graduate stu- tion; Mineralogy. He/She will direct the existing Clay essential. Knowledge of precision gravity, GPS tech- dents, attract external funding, teach aqueous geochem- Mineralogy-, XRD-, and Wet Chemical-Laboratories. niques, and micro-earthquake monitoring would be advan- tageous. The deadline for applications is January 31, 1996. Inquiries and resumes for these positions should be sent to: Unocal, Attn: Jon Oliver, 3576 Unocal Place, Santa Rosa, CA 95403-1774. UNOCAL is an Equal Opportunity Employer MOVING? PLEASE PRINT Name BRIDGEWATER STATE COLLEGE Don’t risk missing Assistant Professor of Geology, Department of Earth Sci- a single issue of GSA ences and Geography. Fall 1996. Full-time, tenure-track Address position. The successful candidate will be expected to Today! If you’re teach introductory physical geology with laboratory; envi- planning on chang- ronmental geology and some combination of advanced ing your address, sim- courses in geochemistry, geophysics, mathematical geol- ogy-statistics, computer modeling, geomorphology, or ply write in your new address and mail advanced hydrology. Excellent and demonstrated teach- this coupon along with your subscription City ing skills and interpersonal and collaborative talent required. Funded research experience desirable as well mailing label (use label from this newslet- as interest in involving undergraduates in research and ter) to: GSA, Membership Services, State/ZIP/Country experience in industry. Salary: Dependent upon experi- P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. ence and qualifications. Deadline for complete application Phone (during business hours) file: Open and continuing. Review of complete application Or you may call with your change of files will begin 2/15/96. (Letter of intent, resume and address information — (303) 447-2020 name, address and telephone numbers of three (3) pro- If you do not wish to have this number in fessional references must be submitted for a complete or 1-800-472-1988 or E-mail us at the Membership Directory, check here file). Address all inquires to: Office of Human Resources, [email protected]. Boyden Hall, Bridgewater State College, Bridgewater, MA 02325. Bridgewater State College is an Affirmative (Report address changes at least six weeks in advance. Change my voting section to: Action/Equal Opportunity Employer which actively seeks If possible, give us your change of address by the tenth of to increase the diversity of its workforce. the month.) ______

32 GSA TODAY, January 1996 NEWTON HORACE WINCHELL SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA Applications are invited for a tenure-track assistant profes- sor position in the Department of Geology and Geo- physics from individuals with a demonstrated ability to apply chemical and physical principles to the integrated study of the solid Earth. Candidates must be capable of establishing a vigorous research program and exhibit a breadth in research interests that complements our strengths in Earth Structure and Tectonics, Geodynamics, Geofluids, Sedimentary Basin Analysis, Mineral/Rock Physics, Rock Magnetism, Aqueous and Isotope Geo- chemistry, Limnogeology, or Earth System studies. We emphasize opportunities for collaboration and interaction with ongoing research programs in the School of Earth Sciences and the availability of state-of-the-art instrumen- tation and computational facilities for geoscience research. The successful candidate will be expected to teach at all levels through advanced graduate classes, as well as participate in teaching Petrology in our innovative curricu- lum and supervise graduate-student research. Applicants must have an earned doctorate degree and must demon- strate a clear promise of creative scientific achievement, leadership, and teaching ability in the geosciences. The Department of Geology and Geophysics com- prises about 60 graduate students, 28 research associ- ates and post-doctoral fellows, and 22 faculty with an exceptional record of funded research and interdisci- plinary collaboration in both research and teaching. With this appointment, we seek to augment our current atmo- sphere of excitement in research and teaching that focuses on interactive Earth dynamics. Our Web site, http://www.geo.umn.edu, provides additional information about the School of Earth Sciences and the Department of Geology and Geophysics. Applicants should submit a resume with a statement of research and teaching interests, official graduate tran- scripts and arrange to have at least three letters of refer- ence sent to: Professor V. Rama Murthy, Chair, Faculty Search Committee, Department of Geology and Geo- physics, 310 Pillsbury Drive, S.E., University of Min- nesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. The dead- line for receipt of the application and supporting material is February 29, 1996. The successful candidate is expected to assume the position September 1996. The University of Minnesota is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, disability, public assistance status, veteran status or sexual orientation.

Opportunities for Students

Keck Geology Consortium/Undergraduate Research Opportunities for Students of Color. The Keck Geology Consortium is seeking undergraduate African American, Hispanic or Native Pacific Islander earth science students to participate in its summer research program. Sophomore students who have completed at least one geology course are invited to apply for 5 weeks of field research in either Idaho or Massachusettes. Junior students who have declared a geology major are invited to apply for one of 5 senior projects. Seniors will participate in 4 weeks of sum- mer research and complete a term to year of independent study at the student's home institution. Students receive a stipend of $1200 and expenses. Interested persons should contact Dr. Cathryn A. Manduca, Keck Geology Consortium Coordinator at (507) 663-4425, or e-mail: cmanduca@carleton.edu. Positions are contingent on NSF funding. Student selection will begin February 12.

NASA Planetary Biology Internships. The Marine Bio- logical Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, invites applications from graduate students and seniors accepted to graduate programs for awards of $2200 plus travel to participate in research at NASA centers and collaborating institutions for approximately 8 weeks. Typical intern pro- grams include: global ecology, remote sensing, microbial ecology, biomineralization, and origin and early evolution of life. Application deadline: 1 March 1996. For informa- tion/applications, contact: Michael Dolan, Planetary Biol- ogy Internship, Department of Biology, Box 3-5810, Uni- versity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-5810. Email: [email protected]. Tel (413) 545-3223. An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

GSA TODAY, January 1996 33 STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF LATE QUATERNARY VALLEY FILLS ON THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS Vance T. Holliday, 1995 Reports on a five-year study of the late-Quaternary history of ten dry valleys or “draws” on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. This record is a key to under- standing the paleoenvironmental evolution of the region, important because of the long history of human occupation and because the High Plains is known to suffer from climatic extremes, historically. Sections are included on geomorphic characteristics and evolution, stratigraphy of the valley fill (the focus of the volume), and paleontology, paleobotany, and stable isotopes. The stratigraphy along and between draws is broadly synchronous and remarkably similar in lithologic and pedologic characteristics, suggesting that each draw underwent a similar, sequential evolution of the dominant depositional environments. The changing depositional environments suggest shifts in regional vegetation and climate, but there also were distinct local variations in environmental evolution. MWR186, 142 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-1186-X, $54.00

1-800-472-1988 ❖ fax303-447-1133 GSA Publication Sales ❖ P.O. Box 9140 ❖ Boulder, CO 80301 ❖ 303-447-2020

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS REMINDERS DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD Materials and supporting information for any of the following nomina- The GSA Distinguished Service Award was established by tions may be sent to GSA Executive Director, Geological Society of Amer- ica, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. For more detailed information Council in 1988 to recognize individuals for their exceptional ser- about the nomination procedures, refer to the October 1995 issue of vice to the Society. GSA Members, Fellows, Associates, or, in excep- GSA Today, or call headquarters at (303) 447-2020, extension 136. tional circumstances, GSA employees may be nominated for con- sideration. Any GSA member or employee may make a nomination for the award. Awardees will be selected by the Executive Commit- PENROSE AND DAY M EDALS, AND HONORARY tee, and all selections must be ratified by the Council. Awards may FELLOWSHIP be made annually, or less frequently, at the discretion of Council. Nominations for 1996 Penrose and Day Medals and for Hon- This award will be presented during the annual meeting of the orary Fellowship in the Society are due by FEBRUARY 1, 1996. Society. Deadline for nominations for 1996 is MARCH 1, 1996.

YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD (DONATH MEDAL) JOHN C. FRYE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY AWARD The Young Scientist Award was established in 1988 to be In cooperation with the Association of American State Geolo- awarded to a young scientist (35 or younger during the year in gists (AASG), GSA makes an annual award for the best paper on which the award is to be presented) for outstanding achievement in environmental geology published either by GSA or by one of the contributing to geologic knowledge through original research that state geological surveys. The award is a $1000 cash prize from the marks a major advance in the earth sciences. The award, consisting endowment income of the GSA Foundation’s John C. Frye Memo- of a gold medal called the Donath Medal and a cash prize of rial Fund. The 1996 award will be presented at the autumn AASG $15,000, was endowed by Dr. and Mrs. Fred A. Donath. meeting to be held during the GSA Annual Meeting in Denver. For the year 1996, only those candidates born on or after Jan- Nominations can be made by anyone, based on the following uary 1, 1961, are eligible for consideration. In choosing candidates criteria: (1) paper must be selected from GSA or state geological sur- for the Young Scientist Award, scientific achievement and age will vey publications, (2) paper must be selected from those published be the sole criteria. Nominations for the 1996 award must include during the preceding three full calendar years, (3) nomination must • biographical information, include a paragraph stating the pertinence of the paper. • a summary of the candidate’s scientific contributions to geol- Nominated papers must establish an environmental problem ogy (200 words or less), or need, provide substantive information on the basic geology or • a selected bibliography (no more than 10 titles), geologic process pertinent to the problem, relate the geology to the • supporting letters from five scientists in addition to the person problem or need, suggest solutions or provide appropriate land use making the nomination. recommendations based on the geology, present the information in Deadline for nominations for 1996 is FEBRUARY 1, 1996. a manner that is understandable and directly usable by geologists, and address the environmental need or resolve the problem. It is OFFICERS AND COUNCILORS preferred that the paper be directly applicable by informed layper- The GSA Committee on Nominations requests your help in sons (e.g., planners, engineers). Deadline for nominations for 1996 compiling a list of GSA members qualified for service as officers and is APRIL 1, 1996. councilors of the Society. The committee requests that each nomi- nation be accompanied by basic data and a description of the quali- NATIONAL AWARDS fications of the individual for the position recommended (vice- The deadline is April 30, 1996, for submitting nominations president, treasurer, councilor). for these four awards: William T. Pecora Award, National Medal of Deadline for nominations for 1997 is FEBRUARY 15, 1996. Science, Vannevar Bush Award, Alan T. Waterman Award.

34 GSA TODAY, January 1996 FIELD TRIPS WITH A DIFFERENCE … 1996 GEO ENTURES

EO OSTEL astated area, and one dayV at spectacular Mount Rainier (north- G H east, east, and south flanks) within Mount Rainier National Park. While at Mount St. Helens, we will hike through a remaining Mount St. Helens and stand of old-growth coniferous trees, many as tall as 230 feet. Each day involves a hike through a unique landscape, none Mount Rainier longer than about three miles nor with an altitude change of more than about 900 feet. Snow will still be visible on the higher Saturday, June 22 through Thursday, June 27, 1996 mountain peaks, offering stunning scenes for photography. 5 days, 6 nights • Packwood and Kelso, Washington LODGING, MEALS, TRANSPORTATION ABOUT THE LEADERS The group will stay on Saturday, Sunday, and Monday at Richard B. Waitt, U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano the Inn of Packwood, Packwood, Washington, and on Tuesday, Observatory, Vancouver, Washington Wednesday, and Thursday at the Red Lion Inn in Kelso, Washing- ton. Lodging at the Inn of Packwood is based on single occu- Donald A. Swanson, U.S. Geological Survey, Seattle, Washington pancy, or doubles for couples. Lodging at the Red Lion Inn is Patrick T. Pringle, Washington Department of Natural Resources, based on double occupancy. Single rooms at the Red Lion Inn Olympia, Washington are available for the additional single-supplement fee of $105. Meals will include plenty of hors d’oeuvres at the Welcoming All three leaders have many years of geological field experi- Reception and Orientation on Saturday evening, breakfast and ence, summarized in numerous scientific publications, at Mount a sack lunch daily, and a hearty farewell dinner on Thursday St. Helens and/or Mount Rainier, as well as extensive experience evening. Field trip transportation will be provided in air- at other Cascades or Alaskan volcanoes. conditioned, 15-passenger rental vans. SCHEDULE GSA MEMBER FEE: $650 NONMEMBER FEE: $700 June 22, Saturday ...... Welcoming get-together June 23–27, Sunday–Thursday...... Classes and field trips Included: Classroom programs and materials; field trip trans- June 27, Thursday ...... Farewell party portation; lodging for six nights; meals outlined above, welcoming and farewell events. This GeoHostel will focus on field trips to Mount St. Helens, Not included: Transportation to and from Portland, especially to explore processes and effects of the cataclysmic Oregon; transportation during hours outside class and field trips; eruption of May 18, 1980. Among these are decapitation of the and other expenses not specifically included. former summit, world’s largest historic landslide, a tsunami wave as high as 800 feet on Spirit Lake, a Mount St. Helens viewed from the north gigantic pyroclastic surge in May 1983. The crater represents a scar (the so-called “lateral of the gigantic landslide at the start of blast”), that in four minutes the May 18, 1980, eruption. A new mowed down 235 square lava dome is growing over the vent. Photo by Richard B. Waitt. miles of mature forest, and great muddy floods (lahars). Everyone should see this world-class natural extrava- ganza before it becomes muted by revegetation. The ever-changing pro- cesses of revegetation, reforestation, and reentry of fauna to the devastated area is part of the scientifically unique experience—one of the reasons Congress set aside the heart of the affected area as Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument. Two days will be devoted to the east and southeast sides of Mount St. Helens, two days to the west side, including the stunning new visitor facili- ties in the heart of the dev-

GSA TODAY, January 1996 35 GEOHOSTEL Geology of the Glacier Park Region

Saturday, July 20 through Thursday, July 25, 1996 5 days, 6 nights Big Mountain Resort, Whitefish, Montana

ABOUT THE LEADERS Robert C. Thomas is currently an assistant profes- sor of geology at Western Montana College in Dillon, Montana. Rob developed a passion for geology of the Belt Supergroup under the tutelage of Don Winston at the University of Montana. A graduate of the Univer- sity of Washington, Rob’s research has focused on the patterns and processes of Cambrian mass extinctions, the dynamics of carbonate platform development and destruction, extensional tectonism in southwestern Montana, and geoscience teacher-education reform. Rob is currently the president of the Rocky Mountain Paleontological Society and the Tobacco Root Geologi- cal Society. Sheila M. Roberts is also an assistant professor of geology at Western Montana College. She developed an interest in the geology of northwestern Montana while growing up in the Mission Valley of Montana. Sheila did her doctoral work at the University of Calgary, where she studied Pleistocene paleoclimates recorded in saline lacustrine sediments of Death Valley, California. Sheila has also been a geoscience editor, a mining geol- ogist, a petroleum geologist, and a geoscience educator focused on outreach projects with K–12 schools.

SCHEDULE July 20, Saturday ...... Welcoming get-together July 21–25, Sunday–Thursday . . Classes and field trips July 25, Thursday ...... Farewell party

The geology of northwest Montana is some of the most spectacular in North America. It was first studied by Bailey Willis of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1902 as part of a reconnaissance study of the 49th parallel. Glacial cirque on the Iceberg Lake Trail, Glacier National Park, Montana. Today, the region is best known by the geoscience com- Photo by Rob Thomas. munity for research into the depositional history of the Proterozoic Belt Supergroup. These rocks contain some of the best sedimentary and biogenic structures in the world, and the depositional-tectonic setting of the Glacier. Lodging at Big Mountain is based on single occupancy, or “Belt basin” has been a matter of debate since the turn of the cen- doubles for couples; however, lodging at Swiftcurrent is based on tury. The region is also known for world-class thrust-belt struc- double occupancy. A single room for Wednesday night is avail- ture, economic deposits of base metals, dinosaur remains in fore- able for the additional single-supplement fee of $33. Meals will land-basin deposits, Cenozoic extensional tectonics, and glacial include plenty of hors d’oeuvres at the Welcoming Reception geology. The GeoHostel will include field trips in Glacier National and Orientation on Saturday evening, breakfast and a sack lunch Park to look at the stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Belt daily, a half-day river raft trip, and a hearty farewell dinner on Supergroup, the Lewis thrust fault, foreland-basin deposits, alpine Thursday evening. Field trip transportation will be provided in glacial geology of the park, and continental glacial geology of air-conditioned, 15-passenger rental vans. the Flathead Valley. A half-day rafting trip down the middle fork of the Flathead River will also be included. The trips are both full GSA MEMBER FEE: $670 NONMEMBER FEE: $720 and half-day, and plenty of leisure time will be available to enjoy the spectacular scenery of northwestern Montana! Included: Classroom programs and materials; field trip transportation; lodging for six nights, meals outlined above; LODGING, MEALS, TRANSPORTATION welcoming and farewell events. The group will stay on Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Not included: Transportation to and from Whitefish, and Thursday at the Big Mountain Ski Resort, Whitefish, Mon- Montana; transportation during hours outside class and field tana, and on Wednesday at the Swiftcurrent Motor Inn, east trips; and other expenses not specifically included.

36 GSA TODAY, January 1996 GEOHOSTEL western Oregon, and some of the fine wines produced there win international prizes. This GeoHostel will focus on the rocks that affect the soil that produces these high-quality grapes. The class Geology of the Wine Country will visit at least two wineries each day, while discussing the in Western Oregon local geology of the region. We will visit the Tualatin Valley, the Yamhill Valley and the coast, the Willamette Valley near Salem, Saturday, August 17, through Thursday, August 22, 1996 and southwest Oregon, including Crater Lake and the Oregon 5 days, 6 nights Caves. Participants will stay on the beautiful campus of Portland Portland State University, Portland, Oregon State University, near the heart of downtown Portland, a vibrant city with a multitude of cultural activities, especially in August. An overnight field trip to southern Oregon is scheduled for mid- ABOUT THE LEADER week. The weather is almost guaranteed to be perfect in August. Scott Burns is an Associate Professor at Portland State Univer- Come to Oregon for high-quality geology and high-quality wine! sity and a native Oregonian who knows the geology of western Oregon well. In his teaching at the college level in Switzerland, LODGING, MEALS, TRANSPORTATION New Zealand, Washington, Colorado, Louisiana, and Oregon for The group will be lodged on Saturday, Sunday, Monday, the past 20 years, Scott has received many outstanding teaching Tuesday, and Thursday at Portland State University, Portland, awards. He enjoys wine making and wine tasting, and his first Oregon, in double-occupancy dormitory-style rooms. Lodging published paper, in 1976, was on developing a student lab project on Wednesday night will be in Grant’s Pass, Oregon, in double- on wine making. Much of his current research in environmental occupancy accommodations. A single room for Wednesday night and engineering geology, geomorphology, Quaternary geology, is available for the additional single-supplement fee of $30. Meals and soil is directly related to the production of good grapes and will include plenty of hors d’oeuvres at the Welcoming Reception fine wine. and Orientation on Saturday evening, breakfast and a sack lunch SCHEDULE daily, a barbecue on Tuesday evening, and a hearty farewell din- ner on Thursday evening. Field trip transportation will be pro- August 17, Saturday ...... Welcoming get-together vided in air-conditioned, 15-passenger rental vans. August 18–22, Sunday–Thursday ...... Classes and field trips August 22, Thursday ...... Farewell party GSA MEMBER FEE: $580 NONMEMBER FEE: $630 The geology of western Oregon is exciting and diverse. Included: Classroom programs and materials; field trip The Coast Range is a combination of Tertiary sedimentary rocks transportation; lodging for six nights, meals outlined above; and basalts folded into a north-plunging anticline. The Cascade welcoming and farewell events. Range is mainly volcanic rock with Pleistocene volcanic cones Not included: Transportation to and from Portland, sitting on top of older Tertiary volcanics. Between the two moun- Oregon; transportation during hours outside class and field trips; tain ranges is the Willamette Valley, a deep trough filled with late and other expenses not specifically included. Cenozoic age sedimentary rock. In southwest Oregon the ancient terranes of the Klamath Mountains dominate the geology. In the past 30 years, more than 100 wineries have started production in

Grapes on red soils, westernTualatin Valley. Photo by Scott Burns.

GSA TODAY, January 1996 37 776-2270 collect from outside the United GEOHOSTELS FOR GSA MEMBERS AND FRIENDS States. Fax (303) 776-5170. Cancellation Processing Fee: REGISTRATION IS OPEN Deposits and payments are refundable up CALL TODAY! HOLD A SPOT FOR YOURSELF AND FRIENDS to the cut-off time, less a processing fee of $20. Termination of a trip in progress for any reason whatsoever will not result in a We encourage you to make your Special Needs: We will do our best refund, and no refund will be made for decision as soon as possible. There is high to accommodate special needs, including unused parts of the trip. interest in these trips. dietary requirements and physical disabili- Full Itineraries: The detailed Single or shared Accommoda- ties. Please feel free to call and discuss itineraries for each GeoHostel and helpful tion: Some trip fees are based on double your situation with us. travel information are available from GSA occupancy. However, if you wish single Air Travel: Air travel arrangements for the asking. Please feel free to call, fax, accommodations, a limited number of are handled by the individual unless speci- or E-mail. We welcome questions. rooms are available at an extra cost on a fied as group travel in the description. For information: Edna Collis, GSA first-come, first-served basis. In the case Travel King, GSA’s official travel agency, is GeoVentures, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO of double occupancies, we will do our best ready to help you find the least expensive 80301; (303) 447-2020 or 1-800-472-1988, to help find a suitable roommate, but if routing to your destination. Call Travel fax 303-447-0648, E-mail: ecollis@ none is found, the single rate will apply. King at 1-800-458-6398 toll free, or (303) geosociety.org. Please read the lodging information for each trip. Age Requirement: The minimum 1996 GEOHOSTELS FEE SCHEDULE age for participants is 21. NAME MT. ST. HELENS GLACIER PARK OREGON WINE COUNTRY Health Recommendations: You must be in good physical and mental Dates June 22–27 July 20–25 August 17–22 health. Any physical condition requiring No. of Days 6 6 6 special attention, diet, or treatment must be reported in writing when the reserva- Member Fee $650 $670 $580 tion is made. We reserve the right to Nonmember Fee $700 $720 $630 decline any person as a member of a trip. Deposit $100 $100 $100 We also reserve the right to require a per- son to withdraw from the trip at any time Balance Due May 1 June 1 July 1 when such action is determined to be in 100% Deposit refund date May 1 June 1 July 1 the best interests of the health, safety, and (less $20 processing fee) general welfare of the group. REGISTRATION FORM 1996 To send a deposit to hold your reservation, please pay by check or credit card, which will be used only for this deposit. You will GEO ENTURES receive further information and a confirmation of your registra- tion within one week after your reservation. VDEPOSIT NO. OF TOTAL PAID PER PERSON PERSONS DEPOSIT GH961— Name Mount St. Helens ...... $100 ____ $______GH962— Glacier Park ...... $100 ____ $______Institution/Employer GH963— Geology of Wine Country. . . . $100 ____ $______Mailing Address TOTAL DEPOSIT $______

City/State/Country/ZIP I’ve enclosed no deposit, but I’m interested. Please send information.

Phone (business/home) VISA MasterCard American Express

Guest Name Credit Card # Exp. Date

GSA Member # Signature MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO: GSA 1996 GeoVentures PLEASE MAIL REGISTRATION FORM AND CHECK OR CREDIT CARD INFORMATION TO: 1996 GSA GeoVentures, GSA Meetings Department, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. Non–U.S.-based registrants are encouraged to use the GSA Meetings Department fax number: 303-447-0648 CALL TODAY FOR MORE INFORMATION: Phone: 1-800-472-1988, ext. 134, or (303) 447-2020 E-mail: [email protected] • fax 303-447-0648

38 GSA TODAY, January 1996 GSA ANNUAL MEETINGS 1996 Denver, Colorado • October 28–31 Colorado Convention Center, Marriott City Center General Chairs: Gregory S. Holden and Kenneth E. Kolm, Colorado School of Mines Technical Program Chairs: John D. Humphrey and John E. Warme, Colorado School of Mines, Dept. of Geology & Geological Engineering, Golden, CO 80401, (303) 273-3819, fax 303-273-3859 E-mail: [email protected] Field Trip Chairs: Charles L. Pillmore, (303) 236-1240 and Ren A. Thompson, (303) 236-0929 U.S. Geological Survey, MS 913, P.O. Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Theme Session Proposal Deadline is January 3, 1996. See November GSA Today for theme invitation or the World Wide Web for invitation and proposal form. The World Wide Web address is: http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.html. Theme proposal information appears under the header for the Denver Meeting.

1997 Salt Lake City, Utah • October 20–23 Salt Palace Convention Center, Little America General Chair: M. Lee Allison, Utah Geological Survey Technical Program Chair: John Bartley, University of Utah For general informa- Call for Field Trip Proposals: We are interested in proposals for single-day and multi-day field trips beginning or tion on any meeting ending in Salt Lake City, and dealing with all aspects of the geosciences. Please contact the field trip chairs listed below. call the Paul Link Bart Kowallis GSA Meetings Department of Geology Department of Geology Idaho State University Brigham Young University Department Pocatello, ID 83209-8072 Provo, UT 84602-4646 1-800-472-1988 or (208) 236-3365 (801) 378-3918 (303) 447-2020, fax 208-236-4414 fax 801-378-2265 ext. 133 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: meetings@ Field trip guides will be published jointly by Brigham Young University Geology Studies and the Utah Geological geosociety.org Survey. Review drafts of field guides will be due March 15, 1997.

GSA SECTION MEETINGS — 1996 Student Travel Grants SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION, March 11–12, 1996. University of Texas, Austin, Texas. Information: Mark Cloos, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX The GSA Foundation will award matching 78712, (512) 471-4170, fax 512-471-9425, E-mail: [email protected]. grants up to a total of $3500 each to the six Preregistration Deadline: February 6, 1996. GSA Sections. The money, when combined with equal funds from the Sections, will be SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, March 14–15, 1996. Ramada Plaza Hotel, Jackson, Mississippi. Information: Darrel Schmitz, Department of Geosciences, P.O. Box 5448, Mississippi State used to assist GSA Student Associates travel- University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, (601) 325-2904; or Charles Swann, Mississippi ing to the 1996 GSA Annual Meeting in Mineral Resources Institute, 220 Old Chemistry Bldg., University, MS 38677, (601) 232-7320, Denver in October and to the 1996 Section E-mail: [email protected]. Preregistration Deadline: February 6, 1996. meetings. Contact your Section Secretary for application procedures. NORTHEASTERN SECTION, March 21–23, 1996. Hyatt Regency, Buffalo, New York. Information: Parker E. Caulkin, Department of Geology, SUNY at Buffalo, 876 NSM, Buffalo, Cordilleran ...... Bruce A. Blackerby NY 14260, (716) 645-6800, ext. 3985, fax 716-645-3999, or preferably by E-mail: glgparkr@ (209) 278-2955 ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu. Preregistration Deadline: February 26, 1996. Rocky Mountain ..... Kenneth E. Kolm ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION, April 18–19, 1996. Rapid City Civic Center, Rapid City, (303) 273-3932 South Dakota. Information: Colin Paterson, Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 East St. Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701-3995, (605) 394-5414, E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Deadline: January North-Central ...... George R. Hallberg 5, 1996. Preregistration deadline: March 8, 1996. (319) 335-4500

CORDILLERAN SECTION, April 22–24, 1996. Red Lion Hotel at Lloyd Center, Portland, South-Central ...... Rena M. Bonem Oregon. Information: Michael Cummings, Department of Geology, Portland State University, (817) 755-2361 P.O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207-0751, (503) 725-3022. E-mail: [email protected]. Preregistration deadline: March 15, 1996. Northeastern ...... Kenneth N. Weaver NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION, May 2–3, 1996. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. Submit (410) 554-5532 completed abstracts to: Kenneth E. Windom, Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, 253 Science I Building, Ames, IA 50011-3210, (515) 294-2430, Southeastern ...... Harold H. Stowell E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract Deadline: January 17, 1996. (205) 348-5098

GSA TODAY, January 1996 39 Coal Division Offers Medlin Award The Coal Geology Division of the Geological Society of America announces the availability of the Antoinette Lierman Medlin Scholarship in Coal Geology for the 1996–1997 academic year. The scholarships provide full-time students who are involved in research in coal geology (origin, occurrence, geologic characteristics, or economic implications of coal and associated rocks) with financial support for their project for one year. Scholarship funding can be used for field or laboratory expenses, sam- ple analyses, instrumentation, supplies, or other expenses essential to the successful completion of the research project. Approximately $1500 will be available for the 1996–1997 scholarship award. In addition, the recipient of the scholarship may be pro- vided with a stipend of up to $500 to present results of the research at the 1997 GSA Annual Meeting. For the aca- demic year 1996–1997, the GSA MEMOIRS SERIES Coal Geology Division is also offering a field study award of $500. Proposals for the schol- Contains a wealth of information on early 20th century Carboniferous arship and the field study paleobotany in North America. The 28 chapters focus on the inter- award will be evaluated by a panel of coal geoscientists. actions of European and American paleobotanists and the birth of Applicants may apply for the discoveries in Carboniferous scholarship award, the field study award, or both; how- paleobotany. Central to these ever, only one award will interactions and some of the be made to a successful applicant. discoveries is the research of Interested students W. C. Darrah, which is highlighted. should submit five copies of Twenty-one chapters are portraits the following: (1) a covering letter indicating which of: European paleobotanists W. J. award(s) is (are) sought; Jongmans, W. Gothan, P. Bertrand, (2) a concise statement of objectives and methods, C. R. Florin, and M. Stopes; and a statement of how the American paleobotanists D. White, scholarship funds will be R. Thiessen, E. H. Sellards, M. K. used to enhance the project. The proposal would be no Elias, A. C. Noé, W. A. Bell, W. C. more than five (5) double- Darrah, F. D. Reed, J. M. Schopf, spaced pages in length, including references; (3) a C. A. Arnold, C. B. Read, L. R. letter of recommendation Wilson, and H. N. Andrews, Jr.; and from the student’s immediate advisor which includes a amateur paleobotanists F. O. statement of financial need Thompson, G. Landford, Sr., and and the amount and nature J. E. Jones. Other chapters deal with of other available funding for the research project. floral-zonation schemes, museum Send the material to: collections, coal-ball studies, and Peter D. Warwick, Chairman, A. Lierman Medlin Scholar- roof-shale floras. The book is ship Committee, U.S. Geo- rich in unpublished photographs logical Survey, MS 956 and correspondence of W. C. National Center, Reston, VA 22092, Phone: (703) Darrah, including humorous and 648-6469, E-mail: pwarwick@ controversial material of broad usgs.gov. The proposal and interest. letter of recommendation must arrive no later than MWR185, 424 p., indexed, February 15, 1996. ISBN 0-8137-1185-1, $105.00 ADDITIONAL Applicants will be notified 1 of the Scholarship Commit- Memoirs are 8- /2" x 11" format, hardbound. GSA MEMOIRS Prices include shipping and handling tee’s decision by April 1, 1996. AVAILABLE The scholarship was FOR SALE established as a memorial to SEE THE Antoinette “Toni” Medlin, CATALOG who for many years dedi- OR CALL FOR cated her efforts toward the 1-800-472-1988 INFORMATION advancement of coal geo- science and to the encour- agement of students in coal FAX 303-447-1133 geology. Monies for the scholarships are derived from the annual interest income GSA PUBLICATION SALES • P.O. BOX 9140 • BOULDER, CO 80301 • 303-447-2020 from the scholarship fund.