The Musk Duck
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Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago [OGATT]
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour Cairina moschata (Wild Muscovy Duck) Family: Anatidae (Ducks and Geese) Order: Anseriformes (Waterfowl) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata. [www.birdsoftt.com/birds.../wild%20muscovy%20duck.htm, downloaded 19 September, 2011] TRAITS. Wild muscovies are overall black in colouration, but domesticated muscovies may be blue, brown or white. Indescent green and purple reflections on the wings and upper parts of their bodies (Wildfowl Trust, 2008). Wing; patches of white, which develops after one year of the duck’s life (Dye and Stai, 2004). Plumage (arrangement of feathers) brownish, almost black. Feathers are water proof because of an oil produced by a special gland on its’ tail. The wild muscovies are much sleeker, glossier and more attractive that their heavier, often “piebald” hybrid (Burton and Burton, 2002). Feather; facilitate flight, provide insulation, aids in thermoregulation, used for displaying, camouflage and signaling (Dye and Stai, 2004). Wing length; 400-500 mm (Wildfowl Trust, 2008). Males larger than female, average weight, male 6 lb (3 kg), female 3 lb (1.3 kg) (Burton and Burton, 2002). The naked skin and bill, (mouth) are bright red in domesticated ducks, but blackish in the wild muscovy ducks. Face; red warts on male not present in females, two blue-white bands. Bill; flat and broad which contain rows of fine v-shape indentation along the edge referred to as “lamellae”. The lamellae function is to UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour provide a grip on food without it sliding off (Dye and Stai, 2004). -
A 2010 Supplement to Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard Papers in the Biological Sciences 2010 The World’s Waterfowl in the 21st Century: A 2010 Supplement to Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciducksgeeseswans Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "The World’s Waterfowl in the 21st Century: A 2010 Supplement to Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World" (2010). Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard. 20. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciducksgeeseswans/20 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The World’s Waterfowl in the 21st Century: A 200 Supplement to Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World Paul A. Johnsgard Pages xvii–xxiii: recent taxonomic changes, I have revised sev- Introduction to the Family Anatidae eral of the range maps to conform with more current information. For these updates I have Since the 978 publication of my Ducks, Geese relied largely on Kear (2005). and Swans of the World hundreds if not thou- Other important waterfowl books published sands of publications on the Anatidae have since 978 and covering the entire waterfowl appeared, making a comprehensive literature family include an identification guide to the supplement and text updating impossible. -
Phylogeny and Comparative Ecology of Stiff-Tailed Ducks (Anatidae: Oxyurini)
Wilson Bull., 107(2), 1995, pp. 214-234 PHYLOGENY AND COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY OF STIFF-TAILED DUCKS (ANATIDAE: OXYURINI) BRADLEY C. LIVEZEY’ ABSTRACT.-A cladistic analysis of the stiff-tailed ducks (Anatidae: Oxyurini) was con- ducted using 92 morphological characters. The analysis produced one minimum-length, completely dichotomous phylogenetic tree of high consistency (consistency index for infor- mative characters, 0.74). Monophyly of the tribe was supported by 17 unambiguous syna- pomorphies. Within the tribe, Heteronetta (1 species) is the sister-group of other members; within the latter clade (supported by 2 1 unambiguous synapomorphies), Nomonyx (1 species) is the sister-group of Oxyura (6 species) + Biziura (I species). The latter clade is supported by 10 unambiguous synapomorphies. Monophyly of Oxyuru proper is supported by three unambiguous synapomorphies. All branches in the shortest tree except that uniting Oxyuva, exclusive of jumaicensis, were conserved in a majority-rule consensus tree of 1000 boot- strapped replicates. Biziuru and (to a lesser extent) Heteronetta were highly autapomorphic. Modest evolutionary patterns in body mass, reproductive parameters, and sexual dimorphism are evident, with the most marked, correlated changes occurring in Heteronetta and (es- pecially) Biziura. The implications of these evolutionary trends for reproductive ecology and biogeographic patterns are discussed, and a phylogenetic classification of the tribe is presented. Received 27 April 1994, accepted 10 Nov. 1994. The stiff-tailed ducks (Anatidae: Oxyurini) include some of the most distinctive species of waterfowl; among its members are the only obligate nest-parasite (Black-headed Duck; Heteronetta atricapilla) and the spe- cies showing the greatest sexual size dimorphism (Musk Duck; Biziuru lob&z) in the order Anseriformes (Delacour 1959; Johnsgard 1962, 1978; Weller 1968; Livezey 1986). -
NOTES on SUBFOSSIL ANAHDAE from NEW ZEALAND, INCLUDING a NEW SPECBES of PINK-EARED DUCK MALACORHYNCHUS STOR&S L. OLSON Recei
fM NOTES ON SUBFOSSIL ANAHDAE FROM NEW ZEALAND, INCLUDING A NEW SPECBES OF PINK-EARED DUCK MALACORHYNCHUS STOR&S L. OLSON Received 3 October 1976. SUMMARY OLSON, S. L. 1977. Notes on subfossil Anatidae from New Zealand, including a new species of pink-eared duck Malacorhynchus. Emu 77: 132-135. A new species of pink-eared duck, Malacorhynchus scarletti, is described from subfossil deposits at Pyra- mid Valley, South Island, NZ, and is characterized by larger size. Preliminary observations indicate that subfossil specimens of Biziura from New Zealand are larger and differ qualitatively from B. lobata; for the present, the name Biziura delautouri Forbes, 1892, ought to be retained for the New Zealand form. An erroneous record of Mergus australis is corrected. INTRODUCTION Locality. Pyramid Valley Swamp, near Waikari, During two visits to museums in New Zealand, I North Canterbury, South Island, NZ. examined remains of numerous fossil and subfossil Age. Holocene; the bone-bearing sediments at birds, including those of several extinct species of Pyramid Valley Swamp have been determined by ducks. Of these, the form known as Euryanas finschi radio-carbon dating to be about 3,500 years old was represented by thousands of specimens and I (Gregg 1972). plan to treat its osteology and relationships in a Etymology. I take pleasure in naming this new subsequent study. Three other species are the subject species for R. J. Scarlett, osteologist at the Canter- of the present paper. bury Museum, in recognition of his significant con- tributions to New Zealand palaeornithology. MALACORHYNCHUS Diagnosis. Much larger than M, membranaceus In a report on avian remains from Pyramid Valley (see Table I). -
Blue-Billed Duck (Oxyura Australis)
Action Statement Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 No. 174 Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis Description and Distribution The Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis, also called Stiff-tail or Diving Duck, is a small, compact duck with a large round head and a short neck (Marchant & Higgins 1990). It is about 40 cm in length and has a weight of about 850 g. Blue-billed Ducks are in the tribe of stiff-tailed ducks whose tail feathers are spiny in appearance and capable of erection (Frith 1977) which includes the Musk Duck Biziura lobata. It is the only member of the genus Oxyura in Australia. This genus is cosmopolitan and contains six species, four of which (including the Blue-billed Duck) are under some threat. There are two populations of the Blue-billed Duck, one in south-east and the other in south-west Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis Australia. These appear to be isolated from each (Photo: DSE/McCann) other; however, no subspecies are recognised (Blakers et al. 1984, Marchant & Higgins 1990). Male and female Blue-billed Ducks have different plumages. The adult breeding male has a black head with a chestnut to brown body and wings and a distinctive blue bill. Its non-breeding, or eclipse, plumage is similar to that of the adult female. The adult female is medium grey in colour with lighter barring to the head and body feathers, with the breast being lighter in colour. It has a dark bill. Immature birds are generally indistinguishable from the adult female. Species similar in appearance are the Musk Duck, Hardhead Aythya australis and Eurasian Coot Fulica atra. -
Odors and Chemical Signaling
Hagelin, J.C. 2007. Odors and chemical signaling. In B. G. M Jamieson (ed), Reproductive Behavior and Phylogeny of Aves. Vol. 6B. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH. pp.76-119. EMAIL: [email protected] 3 THIS COPY: PAGE PROOFS ONLY (Figures are low resolution) Odors and Chemical Signaling Julie C. Hagelin 3.1 I NTRODUCTI ON Ornithologists rarely consider the role of chemosensory information in avian reproduction. Yet, every bird that has been examined has a functional olfac- tory system (Bang and W enzel 1985; Roper 1999). L ike other vertebrates, birds detect and respond adaptively to odors in their environment while foraging (e.g. N evitt et al. 1995, 2004; reviewed in Roper 1999), homing over long and short distances (e.g. Bonadonna and Bretagnolle 2002; N evitt and Bonadonna 2005a,b; W allraff 2004, 2005), and perhaps even avoiding predators (Fluck et al. 1996). There is also evidence that some avian species monitor the chemical environment of nests (Petit et al. 2002). H owever, compared to other organisms, information on the production or social use of self-produced odor compounds in birds has been largely neglected (Roper 1999). The chemosensory abilities of birds stand as a promising means of understanding avian biology, because it challenges traditional views that birds respond to their world primarily through visual and auditory signals. L ike other sensory systems, studies of the chemical senses are inherently interdisciplinary, as they involve responses at the molecular, physiological, developmental and behavioral levels. In particular, studies of avian-derived odors have the potential to fundamentally alter how we interpret social behavior. -
Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands Categories Approved by Recommendation 4.7 of the Conference of the Contracting Parties
Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 of the Conference of the Contracting Parties. 1. Date this sheet was completed/updated: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. May 1999 DD MM YY 2. Country: Australia Designation date Site Reference Number 3. Name of wetland: Western District Lakes, Victoria 4. Geographical coordinates: Latitude: 380 00' to 380 20'S; Longitude: 1430 07' to 1430 55'E 5. Altitude: Approximately 40 metres. 6. Area: 32,898 ha Note: This is a revised area figure based on GIS Mapping (1995) and does not represent any change to the Ramsar Site boundary. 7. Overview: The Western District Lakes, are important geomorphic features of a basaltic landscape. Water regimes vary both seasonally and annually so at any time the various lakes range from fresh to hypersaline. They support large numbers of mainly non-breeding waterbirds and are particularly important during periods of widespread drought and as moulting sites for some species. 8. Wetland Type: marine-coastal: A B C D E F G H I J K inland: L M N O P Q R Sp Ss Tp Ts U Va Vt W Xf Xp Y Zg Zk man-made: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9. Ramsar Criteria: 1a 1b 1c 1d 2a 2b 2c 2d 3a 3b 3c 4a 4b Please specify the most significant criterion applicable to the site: 10. Map of site included? Please tick yes -or- no.⌧ 11. Name and address of the compiler of this form: Simon Casanelia Parks Victoria 378 Cotham Road Kew VIC 3101 Australia Telephone 613 9816 1163 Facsimile 613 9816 9799 12. -
Selecting Ducks Jacquie Jacob and Tony Pescatore, Animal and Food Sciences
COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT, LEXINGTON, KY, 40546 ASC-198 Selecting Ducks Jacquie Jacob and Tony Pescatore, Animal and Food Sciences s with many domesticated have a body like a duck; they nest, Table 1. Comparison of breeds of species, ducks are selected for attack predators and hiss like a ducks recognized by the American differentA purposes, primarily meat goose; they roost like a chicken; Poultry Association Weight/lb Eggs/ or egg production. They are also and they have a plump breast like Breed Female Male year valued for their feathers and down. a turkey. Muscovies are believed to Aylesbury 8-9 9-10 40-60 It is important to choose a breed of have originated in South America. Buff 6-7 7-8 60-100 duck that best suits your particular They are still found wild in the Call 1.12-1.25 1.38-1.62 20-50 needs. warm regions of South America Campbell 3.5-4.0 4.0-4.5 200-300 The different breeds of ducks are and are raised domestically Cayuga 6-7 7-8 60-100 believed to have originated from throughout the world. In southern Crested 5-6 6-7 60-100 East Indie 1.38-1.50 1.62-1.88 20-50 the wild Mallard (Anas platy- Europe and North Africa they are Magpie 4.0-4.5 4.5-5.0 30-60 rhynchos). The male Mallard has referred to as the Barbary duck. In Mallard 1.88-2.25 2.25-2.50 20-50 a couple of curled tail feathers re- Brazil they are the Brazilian duck, Muscovy 6-7 10-12 60-120 ferred to as the sex feathers (Figure and in the Guianas the Guinea or Pekin 8-9 9-10 100-180 1). -
ACCOMMODATION ADVERTISEMENTS (Later Years Omitted) Aireys Inlet, Vic
Bird Observer Index 1975-2011 A ACCOMMODATION ADVERTISEMENTS (later years omitted) Aireys Inlet, Vic. 1986/8.83, 9.95, 10.107, 11.113, 12.129; 1987/1.10, 3.22, 4.27, 5.41, 6.60, 7.63, 8.78, 8.80, 9.93, 10.105, 11.111, 12.129; 1988/2.22, 3.35, 4.47, 6.72, 8.88, 10.113, 12.144; 1989/1.12, 4.36, 6.59, 8.74, 11.112; 1990/4.36, 7.71, 10.99; 1991/1.9, 6.52, 9.87, 12.123; Ambua Lodge, Tari, New Guinea 1990/9.94 Ascot Park, near Bendigo, Vic. 1989/12.130 Barmah Forest Taragon Lodge 1985/9.95 Barnidgee Creek 1983/1.11 Barren Grounds Observatory Jamberoo, NSW 1987/8.78, 1989/5.45; 1990/3.14 Bellellen Rise, Grampians, Vic. 1986/1.11, 3.23, 4 35, 5 47, 6.59 Bellwood, NSW 1990/6.54, 9.95 Bemm River, Vic. 1986/4 35 Bendigo Area, Strathfieldsaye 1985/5.47 Bool Lagoon, SA 1989/7.68, 10.107 Bright, Forest Lodge 1983/1.91 Bright, Vic. 1991/10.106, 11.120 Broome, W.A. 1986/7.71; 1987/3.15, 4.36, 5.41, 6.52 Byron Bay Beach Resort, N.S.W. 1986/1.5, 3.23, 4.29, 5.47, 6.58, 7.71, 8.82, 9.95, 10.107, 11.120, 12.128; 1987/1.8, 3.14, 4.36, 5.41, 6.52 Byron Bay, Belongil Wood Resort 1985/9.95 Cape Liptrap 1983/1.11 Cape York Wilderness Lodge 1987/8.84, 9.94, 11.112; 1988/2.23 Capertee Valley, near Glen Davis, NSW 1990/3.22, 4.26, 5.45 Casino, N.S.W. -
A NEW RECORD for the LONGEST BANDING RECOVERY DISTANCE Ln MUSK DUCKS Biziura Lobata
Corella,2007, 31(1): 13-14 A NEWRECORD FOR THE LONGEST BANDING RECOVERYDISTANCE lN MUSK DUCKSBiziura lobata P.-J.GUAY Departmentof Zoology, University of Melbourne,Victoria,3010, Australia E-mail: [email protected] Received: 3 October 2006 INTRODUCTION Wendoureein Ballarat (37'33'5, 14349' E) with metal bands.Eleven ducks were also fitted with a colour band to Historically, there has been much debateas to whether allow recognition of individuals to perform behavioural Musk Ducks Biziura lobata are flightless. Ramsey (1867) observations. "They Since then the water level in Lake Wendouree states that seldom take wing; only upon a few has steadily decreasedand the Musk Duck population has occasionshave I seenthem do so, and thesewhen they have diminished.The lake is now drv and all of the Musk Ducks been fired at and wounded mortally". Campbell (1901) havedispersed. reportsthe following correspondencehe receivedsuggesting "I that Musk Ducksare incapable of flight: neversaw one fly, On 21 February 2006 while performing behavioural "Musk and the native tell me they neverfly"; Ducks can no observationsat the Western Treatment Plant in Werribee more be said to actually fly than, say, flying-fish". (WTP; 38'00'5, 144"38' E), a female Musk Duck banded "I, Conversely,one correspondentreported, as an old with a metal bandon the right leg and an orangeband on the bushman,was of opinion that they could [fly]; otherwiseit left leg was sightedby the author on one of the treatment seemsto me unaccountablehow they could suddenlyarrive at ponds.The combinationof metaland colour band was unique swamp,etc., up country, newly-filled or filling by the first and the band numberwas inferredfrom that information. -
Musk Duck Brood Parasitism on Black Swans
Musk Duck brood parasitism 127 Musk Duck brood parasitism on Black Swans K. Kraaijeveld1 & R. A. Mulder2 'Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Current address: Department of Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. 'Department of ZooLogy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. This paper describes incidences of brood parasitism of nests of Black Swans Cygnus atratus by Musk Ducks Biziura Lobata. Black Swans have a long incubation period, and as they are unlikely to exhibit egg rejection behaviour, they are potentially suitable as hosts for Musk Duck para sitism. Model eggs were used to test whether the success of brood parasitism in this system is constrained by host responses (egg recogni tion or nest abandonment), or egg shell strength. The results showed that Black Swans readily accept foreign eggs, even when they are very different from their own. However, there was a substantial loss of weak- shelled model eggs, thought to be accidentally crushed by the swans. The relation of this to the unusually thick shell of Musk Duck eggs is dis cussed. KeyWords: interspecific brood parasitism, egg recognition, egg rejection, model experi ments, shell thickness Interspecific brood parasitism, or 1992). The hosts of parasitic wildfowl females purposely laying eggs in the mostly involve other wildfowl, but also nests of other species, is relatively gulls (Laridae), Coots Fulica sp. and widespread among wildfowl (Anatidae). ibises (Threskiornithidae). The success The behaviour has been recorded in at of interspecific brood parasitism may least 36 out of Π 6 species (25%), and is be constrained by the timing of the par particularly common among the asitism, and by host responses, such as Oxyurini (stiff-tailed ducks; Sayler nest site defence, displacement of par- ©Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust W ild fo w l (2002) 53: 127-135 128 Musk Duck brood parasitism asitic eggs, egg rejection and nest a poorly-studied species, and it is not abandonment (Sayter 1992). -
THE FAMILY ANATIDAE Ernst Mayr 37
J. Delacour THE FAMILY ANATIDAE Ernst Mayr 37 A LIST OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF ANATIDAE On the basis of the considerations in the above section of our paper, we propose the following list* of genera and species of Anatidae: I SUBFAMILY ANSERINAE 1. TRIBE ANSERINI. GEESE AND SWANS Bra&a canadensis, Canada Goose sandwicensis (“Nesochelz”), Hawaiian Goose leucopsis, Barnacle Goose bernicla, Brant rujcollis, Red-breasted Goose Anser cygnoides (“Cygnopsis”), Swan-goose jabalis (inc. neglectusand brachyrhynchus), Bean Goose, Sushkin’s Goose, and Pink-footed Goose albijrons, White-fronted Goose 1 erythropus, Lesser White-fronted Goose anser, Grey-Lag Goose indicus (“Eulabeia”), Bar-headed Goose canagicus (“Philucte”), Emperor Goose caerulescens(“Cherz”, inc. hyperboreusand atlanticus), Blue Goose, Lesser and Greater Snow Geese rossi (“Chen”), Ross’s Goose Cygnus columbianus (inc. bewicki), Whistling and Bewick’s Swans Cygnus (inc. buccinator), Whooper and Trumpeter Swans melanocoryphus, Black-necked Swan olor, Mute Swan stratus (“Chenopis”), Black Swan Coscoroba coscoroba,Coscoroba 2. TRIBE DENDROCYGNINI. WHISTLING DUCKS (TREE DUCKS) Dendrocygna arborea, Black-billed Whistling Duck g&tutu, Spotted Whistling Duck autumn&s, Red-billed Whistling Duck javanica, Indian Whistling Duck bicolor, Fulvous Whistling Duck 1 arcuata, Wandering Whistling Duck eytoni, Plumed Whistling Duck viduata, White-faced Whistling Duck 8Additional genera and speciesrecognized by Peters are given in parenthesis. Each pair or group of speciesunited by a bracket constitutesa