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Illustrations M546 ROMER PRE M/UP.qxd 19/10/06 8:25 AM Page x Phil's G4 Phil's G4:Users:phil:Public: PHIL'S JOBS:10078 - CUP - R Illustrations 001 Section through the Great Pyramid, showing the level at which the area of the base of the Pyramid above that level is half the area of the base of the whole Pyramid. 002 General view of the Giza Plateau. Photo JBR. 003 A general plan of the monuments upon the Giza Plateau. 004 Two versions of one of Khufu’s names copied from the graffiti in the Great Pyramid. Detail from LD II, 1a and c. 005 The Great Pyramid from its western cemetery. Photo JBR. 006 Section in the quarry to the south of the Great Pyramid, showing settlement debris. Photo JBR. 007 A view of the Great Pyramid and Sphinx. Detail from Description V, pl. 8. 008 The north-eastern corner of the Great Pyramid. Description V, pl. 14, 1 and 2, with additions. 009 The Great Pyramid’s interior architecture. Detail from Description V, pl. 14, 1. 010 Interior of Grand Gallery. Description V, pl. 15. 011 The discovery of the Great Pyramid’s casing stones. Vyse 1840, I, frontispiece. 012 One of Vyse’s published drawings of the graffiti in the entresols M546 ROMER PRE M/UP.qxd 19/10/06 8:25 AM Page xi Phil's G4 Phil's G4:Users:phil:Public: PHIL'S JOBS:10078 - CUP - that stand above the Great Pyramid’s burial chamber. Vyse 1840, I, opp. p. 278. 013 Vyse’s published drawing of the entresols above King Khufu’s burial chamber. Vyse 1840, II, opp. p. 158. 014 Piazzi Smyth and co-workers in Khufu’s burial chamber. © Copyright National Museum of Photography, Bolton, 1980–1368_0006. 015 Members of Piazzi Smyth’s expedition resurveying the Great Pyramid’s north-eastern corner socket. © Copyright National Museum of Photography, Bolton. 016 Smyth’s plan of the conjunction between the Ascending and Descending Corridors in the Great Pyramid. Smyth 1867, II, pl. 4. 017 Part of Piazzi Smyth’s plan of the Great Step at the top of the Grand Gallery. Smyth 1867, II, pl. 9. 018 Petrie’s plan of his triangulations. Petrie 1883, pl. I. 019 ‘General Summary of the Positions inside the Great Pyramid’, Petrie 1883 p. 95. 020 The Great Pyramid viewed from the pyramid of Khafre, c. 1842. LD I, pl. 15. 021 The north face of the Great Pyramid in the 1890s. Griffith Institute Archive 294 (Photogr. Art. G. Lekegian & Co. No. 14. ‘Entrée de la Pyramide’). 022 Excavating the mastaba of Kasudja. Courtesy of the Institute of Egyptology, University of Vienna, Austria. 023 The Great Pyramid’s western cemeteries under excavation. Boston (A2302P_NS). Photographer: Mohammedani Ibrahim. Photograph © 1915 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 024 Aerial picture of the Mena House and Giza Plateau. Courtesy of the Institute of Egyptology, University of Vienna, Austria. 025 John Edgar measuring the portal of the Great Pyramid’s Subterranean Chamber. Edgar and Edgar 1910, pl. LVII. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. 026 Cross section and plan of the Great Pyramid naming parts of its interior architecture. Redrawn from Petrie 1883, pl. IX, with additions. 027 The Great Step. Edgar and Edgar 1910, pl. CXVI. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. 028 The grid that underlies the plan of the Great Pyramid. 029 The Prism Point. Edgar and Edgar 1910, pl. LXVI. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. 030 The Great Pyramid’s baseline grid showing how the addition of list of illustrations xi M546 ROMER PRE M/UP.qxd 19/10/06 8:25 AM Page xii Phil's G4 Phil's G4:Users:phil:Public: PHIL'S JOBS:10078 - CUP - 20, 40 and 60 cubit co-ordinates to three grid squares set at the Pyramid’s baseline will produce the angle of its rise. 031 Detail of the Great Pyramid’s west face. Photo JBR. 032 Three building graffiti from the Red Pyramid. Composite image derived from Stadelmann 1983, figs. 6 and 7 and pl. 74 b and d; Stadelmann 1986, fig. 1; Stadelmann 1997a, fig. 27a. 033 The Red Pyramid’s build rate. Data derived from Appendix 5. 034 A theoretical construction timetable for the Great Pyramid based upon data gathered at the Red Pyramid. Data derived from Appendix 5. 035 The population of ancient Egypt from 4000 to 0 BC. Data derived from Butzer 1976. 036 Ivory statue of King Khufu (cat 28a). Photo courtesy of Jürgen Liepe. 037 The head of Hemiunu’s statue in his tomb. Courtesy of the Institute of Egyptology, University of Vienna, Austria. 038 The body of Hemiunu’s statue in his tomb. Courtesy of the Institute of Egyptology, University of Vienna, Austria. 039 Hemiunu’s head restored, from a German edition of Breasted’s History of Egypt (Berlin, 1936). 040 A map of the monuments upon the Giza Plateau built in the time of Khufu. Adapted from Lehner 1985a, fig. 2, Lehner 1985b, fig. 9, EAAP, figs. 47, 80 and 83, and Hawass 1996b, fig. 1. 041 Limestone head as found in 1904, during the excavation of the burial chamber of Giza Mastaba 1203 (C11073_OS). Photographer: George Andrew Reisner. Photograph © 1904 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 042 A line of eight so-called ‘reserve heads’ (C5443_NS). Photographer: Mohammed Shadduf. Photograph © 1913 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 043 The limestone head from the tomb of Nefer, Giza Mastaba 2110 (B1586_NS). Photographer: Albert Morton Lythgoe. Photograph © 1906 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 044 The stela of Wepemnefert (A11568_OS). Photographer: George Andrew Reisner. Photograph © 1904–1905 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Hearst Museum of Anthropology, Berkeley 6-19825). 045–46 The uncovering of Wepenefert’s slab stela: (C11102_OS). Photographer: George Andrew Reisner. Photograph © 1905 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; (B11056_OS). Photographer George Andrew Reisner. Photograph © 1905 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 047 Chisel-cuts in the Giza Quarry. Photo JBR. xii list of illustrations M546 ROMER PRE M/UP.qxd 19/10/06 8:25 AM Page xiii Phil's G4 Phil's G4:Users:phil:Public: PHIL'S JOBS:10078 - CUP 048 The underpass that ran beneath the Great Pyramid’s now- vanished causeway. Photo JBR. 049 The portal of the Great Pyramid’s Subterranean Chamber. Edgar and Edgar 1910, pl. XLIX. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. 050 The technique employed to quarry the Great Pyramid’s Subterranean Chamber. 051–52 The Great Pyramid’s Subterranean Chamber. Edgar and Edgar 1910, pls. LIII and LIV. Both by permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. 053 Detail of the lower courses of the western face of the Great Pyramid. Photo JBR. 054 A sketch topography of the Giza Plateau, indicating sites with direct connection to Khufu and the Great Pyramid. Adapted from Lehner 1985a, fig. 2, Lehner 1985b, fig. 9 and Hawass 1996b, fig. 1. 055 The Giza Plateau and its quarry from the south. Photo JBR. 056 A section of the west face of the Giza quarry. Photo JBR. 057 Part of the Great Pyramid’s north-western angle. Photo JBR. 058 Abdel-Aziz Saleh’s excavation in the wadi behind the Giza quarry. (This and the following photographs of this site were taken in 1973, a year after these excavations had been completed.) Photo JBR. 059 Plan of the University of Cairo’s excavation in the wadi behind the Giza quarry. After Saleh 1974, fig. 2. 060 Detail of the southern section of Saleh’s excavation. After Saleh 1974, fig. 2. 061 Saleh’s excavations in the wadi behind the Giza quarry, showing the rows of plinths. Photo JBR. 062 The receding inundation on the Giza Plain c. 1887. Griffith Institute Archive 66 (H. Béchard No. 150, ‘Pyramides de Ghyzeh’). 063 Section showing the remains of Old Kingdom settlements in the Giza Plain. Adapted from Hawass 1996a, fig. 1. 064 The Great Pyramid c. 1856–60. Griffith Institute Archive 70 (Frith’s photo number 6186). 065 The plants of the North and the South – from an inscription of King Khufu from Anthes 1928, pl. 4.1. 066 Map of Egypt and northern Nubia showing the locations of mines, quarries and settlements. 067 The east face of the Great Pyramid. Photo JBR. 068 Khufu’s inscription in the quarries of Hat-nub. Anthes 1928, pl. 4.1. list of illustrations xiii M546 ROMER PRE M/UP.qxd 19/10/06 8:25 AM Page xiv Phil's G4 Phil's G4:Users:phil:Public: PHIL'S JOBS:10078 - CUP - 069 Khufu’s stela at the Gebel el-Asr. Engelbach 1938, pl. LVI 1. By permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library. 070 The basalt pavement on the east side of the Great Pyramid. Photo JBR. 071 Khufu’s super saw. Redrawn from Moore 1991, fig. 11. 072 The copper chisel from the Gebel el-Asr. Drioton 1949, pl. 21. 073 One of the kilns excavated by Abdel-Aziz Saleh in 1971–2, in an area to the west of the Giza quarry. Photo JBR. 074 The annual tonnage of copper required to fashion the chisels used in the Great Pyramid’s construction. 075 Khufu’s rock inscriptions in the Wadi Maghara, Sinai. Petrie 1924, fig. 41. 076 The First Cataract of the Nile at Aswan, on ancient Egypt’s southern border. Photo JBR. 077 Granite quarry at Aswan. Photo JBR. 078–79 Ancient granite workings near Aswan. Photo JBR. 080 Tura limestone at the Great Pyramid: the pristine casing stones and pavement at the Great Pyramid’s northern baseline.
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