The Rescue of Science and Learnitg
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The Rescueof Scienceand Learnitg The Stor2of tlte Emergenc2Committee In Aid of DisplacedForeign Scholars BY STEPHEN DUGGAN CHAIRMAN OF THE EN{ERGENCY COMMITTEE and BETTY DRURY EXECUTIVE SECR.ETARY TO THE EMER'GENCY COMMITTEE . THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK THE EMERGENCY COMMITTEE IN AID OF DISPLACED FOREIGN SCHOLARS a0 ! Exrcurrvr Colrvrrrrr' L Stephen Duggan, Chairman Nelson P. Mead, Secretary *Bernard l-lexner I Fred M. Stein, Treasurer Alvin Johnson Alfred E. Cohn, Assistant Hertha Kraus i Treasurer Charles J. Liebman Frank Aydelotte Henry Allen Moe L. C. Dunn CharlesA. Riegelman J *t Livingston Farrand Harlow Shapley Betty Drury, Executiae Secretary t I j GrNrner, Coul,rrrrnp rThomas S. Baker, Carnegie Institute of Technology *Lotus 4 D. Coffman, Uniaersity of Minnesota T *Sir Arthur Currie, I[cGill Uniuersity Harold Willis Dodds, Princeton Uniuersity Sidney B. Fay, Haruard Uniuersity Abraham Flexner, Institute for Aduanced Study *Harry A. Garfield, Williams College Robert M. Hutchirx, Uniaersity of Chicago *JamesH. Kirkland, I/anderbilt University Henry N. MacCracken, Vassar CoIIege Robert A. Millikan, California Institute of Technology Wesley C. Mitchell , Columbia Uniuersity Harold G. Moulton, Broohings Institution *William A. Neilson, Smith College fGeorge Norlin, Uniaersity of Colorado Marion Edwards Park, Bryn Mawr College Walter Dill Scott, Northwestern Uniuersity Robert G. Sproul, Uniuersity of California i i Oswald Veblen, Institute for Aduanced Study .* Ray Lyman Wilbur, Stanford Uniuersity Ernest H. Wilkins, Oberlin College rMary E. Woolley, Mount Holyoke CoIIege I Now deceased. t Chairman. 1933-I939. FTELDSoF spEcrA,,tr^ftKT?tJnu*.u*"" coMMrrrEE SCHOLARS, NATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATTS, ANO ROSENWALD FELLOWS * Emergency National Committee Research Rosenwald Scholars Associates Fellows Total Hultar-r.rtes 104 Archaeology 29 t3'1 6 .. .. 6 Architecture I .. Art, Applied I 2 8 t0 Art, History of l4 Education E 2r I 6 Language and Literarure 39 Letters J 1J I 8 Music l0 7 I Musicology 8 9 I Philosophy l0 l9 I 9 9.) Mrnrcer" SctrNcrs 7 Gynecology I Parhology I I I Physiology I 9 Psychiatry I I Public Health I Radiology I I I Nerunar ScreNcns 78 Astronomy 8l 5 n Biology 8 8 Chemistry 7 7 Engineering I I Geography I I Mathematics 26 Meteorology I I Paleontology 9 Physics l6 l6 . Psychology l0 ll Socrar, ScrnNcrs 88 Anthropology ll0 I I Economics zo I JJ Histoiy I6 .; Larv l9 26 J JJ Political Science 8 Sociology I l0 t4 r In attempting to establish the field of speciarization as. of the time of aries'arrival in the the stipendi- united states,.the ""t'"i" *"ehl'1ie1i,."ct cooperation Associates, and Fellows. of Scholars. fn certain cases the fieid h.s been changed of arrival. A number since the timi of Scholars in the fielJ-oi-i"it,"?J.-.*".pt., haye guage teaching political turned to lan- and sience since coming to'this country- t93 t94 THE RESCUE OF SCIENCE AND LEARNING APPENDIX II DISTRIBUTION OF EMERGENCY COMMITTEE SCHOLARS, NA. TIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATES,+AND ROSENWALD FELLOWS,t ACCORDING TO AGE GROUPS As or 1947t Ar Truz or Ittrur Strpsxo National Rosm- National | ^ Acr rc Research ^osil' wald Total Re*archl Nurest $cholars Ase Scholars wald I Total Fellows Aso Yrs ciatcs Fellows !t 30-34 2 28 35-39 IA .; l6 )/ 40-44 29 J.t 49 4549 JO tl 69 ,{5 50-54 45 8 53 37 55-59 39 9 48 26 60-64 27 6 34 65-69 z6 t JI 7o-74 8 'i 13 1 75-85 I Unknown o Deceased 2l 2 26 Total m tl - 335 From the above data it will be evident that the Emergency Committee con- centrated its efforts on mature scholars and scientists. These men and women had already secured a firm place in the world of scholarship and in profes- sional life, or held out a rich promise of future development. It l'as the Com- mittee's belief that, on the part of this group, competition in the economic sensewith American teachers and professional personnel could hardly be said to exist, since the contributions of these men and women were in most cases unique. - Th. 11 National ResearchAssociates include 2 men, previouslyScholars, who ap pearedon the ro11of Associatesfor one year only by specialarrangement. They appear on all tables among the Naticnal ResearchAssociates and not among the Committee's Scholars. l The 47 Roenwald Fellows include 5 men who also receivedGrants-in-Aid prior of subsequentto their term as Fellows,but who are nowheretabulated as Scholarsfc statistical purppses. f Ages of deceasednot dirtributcd. APPENDICES I95 APPENDIX III #jjlqi#*liTfi".,-#$iifF?f^* National Country Research Scholars Rosenwald Assoctates Fellorvs Austria -31 Tota] Belgium 414 China I 49 Ir "I Czechoslovakia 8 France I Germany J I ItaIy 207 8 Norway 9 239 I IO PoIand I I Spain I Swirzerland 5 I Yugoslavia 4 I I Various , I *;:6 **r!;:;lilL*iill*:r:",,;-l'i::j:iT,::::"xxffi :;ff; 1.,!'.T','il1i,il';"[:T,l:'Jil'lill,n'::l'f,:i:J'1,;:::l**1":]'ffi 'm*t*H,#i1q5diffi:flii'ffi::t+':*iJ"trTr":'ii::#iT:riJ,rx,..;:"Jn:*,ff:;,'i,*H:,J:; 'A German national wbo spent many years in China. r96 THE RESCUE OF SCIENCE AND LEARNING clue to the geographic or cultural area within rvhich the stipendiary's major contribution has been made, since in certain cases citizenship was acquired as a matter of expediency from a country of temporary asylum rvhen the indi- vidual was driven from the nation in rvhich his o.rvn scientific or orofesional development had taken place. For these reasons, the country of major or Iongest professional activity seemed to have greater significance than other nationality factors in deter- mining the origin of the l,rnergency Committee's stipendiaries. APPENDIX IV NUMBER AND AVERAGE SIZE OF GRANTS.IN.AID ACCORDING TO ACADEMIC YEARS Amount of Academic Number of Average Year Grants-in-Aid Grant-in-Aid 1933-34 30 $l,856.67* 1934-35 5l I,716.1I 1935-36 1,696.8r 1936-37 J.) r,592.55 1937-38 46 t,456.79 l 938-39 49 1,315.45 l 939-40 68 1,008.09 1940+l 109 898.87 1941+2 78t 802.43f 191243 6ef 831.40t 194344 361 898.61t 1944-45 l1t 616.43t The Emergency Committee's National Research Associatesplan commenced during the academic year l94l-42 and has continued since that time. The Rosenwald Fellowships project started the following academic year and rvas concluded before the end of the academic year Ig44-45. As both of these rvere separate projects financed from special funds rvhich made possible the maintenance of a uniformly higher scale of stipend than could be given under the Committee's Grant-in-Aid program, it did not seem proper to take them into consitleration rvhen fieuring the averare yearly grant available for Emergency Committee stipendiaries. The above table in- cludes, therefore, only Grants-in-Aid given under the Committee's regular progTam. * Figure adjusted to reflect rate for a full academic year. 1\{any scholars durirg the Committee's first twelve months did not reach the United States until the academic yeat was well advmced. Compensation received by them out of funds supplied by the Committee was accordingly prorated. To present as a figure for the acadenr'c year the average of sums actually teceived for portions of the year varying in length from one scholar to another would, therefore, give a false picture. Instead, an estimate has been given of what the average stipend would have been for the full academic year. t Exclusive of National Research Associates' stipends or Rosenwald Fellowships. APPENDICES ""TiH^'+1]Hi;i:t"iflflTit$ffi197 ,;;.ltr#r]u" ,r $ff*ff$*ffr*r*il***f##t'*frfl1:i:iiiilffijffi ;i.#1ii., APPENDIX rNsrrrurro., VI "sti%i,*?:,J#il,F+fJrsFRoM rHE .tL'Jl,**,,^i:"::l;l;,o, u,," fi :ra:rit.ill[:rii:lsffi :'h' New Y.rk to r] New Yo rk iil:il i,""", ['JJ'i'J,.ytf fffrs " ffl:,_11,i:: *.'::ruj U-ri versiry,;i:,'"TTll,ffi!*il",ff;",l.lll Atra n ta t".- -o" fti*i:tl$i**i,"+t'n', "in,,, c g;til,'-:t;p;i;ilHffi ffff'i;t,:ilffi$,rii?r",,-* !;H;,fh=j1;i #,i: i*:""'' 198 THE RESCUE OF SCIENCE AND LEARNING Connecticut Coliege, New London Converse College, Spartanburg, S.C. Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. University of Denver, Denver, CoIo. Dubuque University, Dubuque, Iowa Duke University, Durham, N.C. Duquesne University, Pittsburgh East Indies Institute of America, New York Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, Ill. Erskine College, Due West, S.C. Fenn College, Cleveland Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Medford, Mass. Fordham University, New York University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. Guilford College, Guilford College, N.C. Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Hebrew University, Jerusalem Hobart College, Geneva, N.Y. Howard University, Washington, D.C. Illinois College, Jacksonville Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J. Institute of Pacific Relations, New York Institute of Social Research, Nelv York Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames State University of Iowa, Iowa City Iranian Institute and School for Asiatic Studies, New York Jervish Institute of Religion, New York College of Jewish Studies, Chicago Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore University of Kansas, Lawrence University of Kansas City, Kansas City, Mo. Kent State University, Kent, Ohio University of Kentucky, Lexington Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio Lawrence College, Appleton, \t'is. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Longy School of Music, Cambridge, Mas.