620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 4,

By Mr. BRETZ: Petition of the Teamsters and Shovelers' SENATE, Union of Indianapolis. concerning certain legislation on labor questions-to the Committee on Labor. FRIDAY, January 4, 1895. By Mr: CANNON of California: Memorials of the city council ?f San D1ego, of ~asadena, of Ventura, also of southern California, Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. m favo:r of the Nicaragua Canal-to the Committee on Interstate W~IAM. LINDSAY, a Senator from the State of Kentucky, ap­ and Foreign Commerce. peared m his seat to-day. By Mr. COCKRELL: Petition of 20 citizens of lllinois Bend The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. Tex., urging the opening of the Fort Sill country forsettlemen~ EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. to the Committee on Indian Affairs. Also, petition of 18 citizens of Effie, Tex., and of 40 citizens of . The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ WHbarger County, urging the opening of the Comanche, Kiowa tiOn from the-Secretary of War, transmitting theproceedinO'sof a Apache, and Wichita Indian reservations for settlement-to th~ board of officers, convened by Special Orders, No. 72, Headquar­ Committee on Indian Affairs. ters ~epartment of the Missouri, July 17, 1894,. t? investiga~e and By Mr. DALZELL: Resolution of Chamber of Commerce of repm t on the dam'age to the property of the c1tlzens of Chicago Pit~sburg, against any pl.an for currency except upon security of Ill.: by the explosion of an ammunition chestof Battery F Second U~n0d States bonds a~d m favor of a nonpat·tisan monetary com­ Umted States A1·tillery, in the vicinity of Grand Boule~ard on rmssion-to the Committee on Banking and Currency. !uly.16, 1894, and also ~stimates of damage passed by the bo~rd, Also, memorial of National Wholesale Druggists' Association It~miZed and agg;egatmg $15,845.23, which sum Major-General against repeal of existing law providing for free alcohol in th~ Miles and ~he MaJOr-General Commanding the Army recommend arts-to the Committee on Ways and Means. be a,ppropr1a~ed by Congress; ":hich, with ~he accompanying pa­ pe~·s , was referred to the Committee on Clarms, and ordered to be Als?, re solutim~s of Groce;s and Importers' Exchange, Phila­ delphia, Pa., agamst the Bailey bankruptcy bill and in favor of prmted. the Torrey bill-to the Committee on the Judiciary. He also laid before the Senate a communication from the Secre­ .Also, petitions of divers citizens of Allegheny County and of tary of State, transmitting, in compliance with law the result of Pittsburg, Pa., for passage of STONE's immigration bill-to the an e::ramination of the Revolutionary archives to ~certain what Committee on the Judiciary. portions are of sufficient importance and historical value to be By 1\fr. DE ARMOND (by request): Memorial of Thomas Ros­ p_ublished, t?~ether v;:ith ~ estimate of the cost of their publica­ burgh, for legislation for his relief-to tne Committee on the Public tion and editing; ~hich, With tJ:::e accompanying papers, was re­ Lands. ferred to the Comrmttee on theL1bra.ry, and ordered to be printed. ByMr: GRADY: Paperstoaccompanytheclaimof John A. Lay­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. ton, of Srmpson County, N. C.-to the Committee on War Claims. By lv.l:r. ~END~RSON of Iowa: Resolutions -of the Dubuque The VICE-PRESIDENT presented the petition of Edward Bor­ Tn>ographical U ruon, No. 22, of Dubuque, Iowa, urging the resto­ gen, of Kilbourn City, Wis., remonstrating against the passage of ration of wages in the Government Printing Office to 50 cents per any land-grant forfeiture bill; which was ordered to lie on the table. hour-to the Committee on Appropriations. Mr: CAMERON presented a petition of Capt. Henry F. Picking Also, rt:solutions of .the National Live Stock Exchange of Chi­ Garr:son, No. 8, Regular Army and Navy Union, of Erie, Pa., cago, urgmg suGh actiOn by the Government as will remove the praymg that the law of February 14, 1885. relative to the retire­ existing embargoes upon our live stock and meat product-to the ment of regular soldiers andmarinesafter thirty years' honorable Committee on Foreign Affairs. service be amended so as to include the enlisted men of the United States Navy; which was referred to the Committee on Naval Also, reso~utions of the Baconian Scientific Club of Iowa (,l.ty, Iowa, favormg the passage of H. R. 119, for the protection of for­ Affairs. est lands-to the Committee on the Public Lands. ~ He, also p~·es~nted a m~morial_of the National Wholesale Drug­ By Mr. IKIRT: Papers to a-ccompany H. R. 8287-to the Com- giSts AssoCia~on, of Philadelphia, Pa., remonstrating against the mittee on Military Affairs. ' · repeal of section 61 of the present customs laws in relation to the By Mr. LOUD: Resolution of the Chamber of Commerce of use of alcohol in the arts or in any medicinal or other like com­ San Francisco, Cal., urging an appropriation to continue work pound; which was referred to the Cmnmittee on Finance. upon and to complete the post-office building at San Francisco­ He a~so prese~ted a p~tition of _lo~aJ union No. 145, Cigar to the Committee on Appropriations. Makers International Uruon, of Williamsport, Pa., praying for Also, resolution of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco the passage o~ House bil_l ~ o. 7756, auth~rizing the appointment Cal., favoring the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands-to th~ of a nonpartisan commission to collect mformation and to con­ Committee on Foreign Affairs. sider and recommend legislation to meet problems presented by Also, resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce of San Fran­ labor, agriculture, and capital; which was referred to the Com­ cisco, Cal., urging an appi·opriation for the construction of ten m~ttee on Education and Labor. swift torpedo vessels, of which four should be built and cominis­ Mr. LODGE presented a memorial of the Norwood Business sioned on the Pacific coast-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Association, of Norwood, Mass., remonstrating against the pas­ AJ.sg, memorial of the sugar producers of Louisiana relating to sage of the so-called Bailey bankruptcy bill; which was ordered the sugar industry-to the Committee on Ways and Means. to lie on the table. Also, resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce of San Fran­ Mr. KYLE presented a memorial of the Jobbers and Manufa-c­ cisco, Cal., urging the passage of the bill for construction of the turers' Association of ~ioux Falls, S. D:;tk., remon.strating against Nicaragua Canal-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign the passage of House bill No. 7273, relatmg to poolmg by railToads· which was referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. ' Commerce. He also presented a memorial of the Jobbers and Manufactur­ Also, resolution of the Builders' Exchan~e of Oakland, Cal., ers' Association of Sioux Falls, S. Dalr.4.. remonstrating against a ~ainst the passage of the so-called pooling bill-to the Committee the passage of House bill No. 4609, to establish a uniform system C ~l Interstate and Foreign Commerce. .Also, resolutions of the Builders' Exchange of San Francisco, of bankruptcy; which was ordered to lie on the table . Cal., against the passage of the so-called pooling bill-to the Com­ Mr. PLATT presented a memorial of Washlngton Council No. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. 7, Order of United American Mechanics, of New Haven C~nn . By Mr. MARTIN of Indiana: Petition of Cigar Makers' Union, r~J?Onstrating again~t the use of the United St.ates flag fo~· adver: No. 214, of Bluffton, Ind., for the passage of the bill (H. R. 5603) tismg purposes; which was referred to the Committee on the concerning a certain class of seamen-to the Committee on Mer­ Library. chant Marine and Fisheries. .AMERICAN CONSULS IN TURKISH ARME.J.'UA. Also, writings to a-ccompany (H. R. 8349) to pension Emerine J'tfr. HALE. Mr. President, I present to the Senate a memo­ Cox-1:jo the Committee on Pensions. randum or memorial in the interest of native-born United States By Mr. RITCHIE: Memorial of Cigar Makers' Union, No. 48, citizens living in Ttrrkish Armenia, whose lives, pl'operty, and of Toledo, Ohio, favoring the passage of H. R. 5603-to the Com­ lawful ?ccupations are frequently imperiled, and as the paper is mittee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. a practical one and suggests some m easure of relief that it i. pos­ By 1\ir. TERRY: Petition of board of elders of the Presbyterian sible for Congress to grant, I wioh to call attention to two or three Church of Dardanelle, Ark., for the relief of said cHurch-to the points in it. · Committee on War Claims. In Asia¥c Tur.key- alo~e there is a permanent force of n early I By Mr. WARNER: Petition of Elizabeth Hiltz, praying for a 250 Amencan miSsiOnanes, who hold over $2,000,000 of American ~ecial act of Congress granting her a bounty as the widow of property. In the eastern Turkey mission of the Ame1ican Board Louis Hiltz, late of the First Regiment United States Artillery­ there are just 50 adult missionaries, who have under their charge to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 42 churches, 169 schools, a hospital, and a large medical work. By Mr. WASHINGTON: Resolution by the Chamber of Com­ They control a very considerable amount of property, for resi­ mere of Nashville. Tenn., advocating the passage of the Nicara­ dences and for their use in educational, benevolent, and religious [Ua Canal bill-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign enterprises. So, aside from any sentimental feeling caused by the \../ommerce. tl·emendous ravage in that country, here is an American constit- r 1895. ,. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 621

ueney of American citizens that we ought to give our attention BILLS INTRODUCED. to. The memorial goes on and cites instances of oppression and Mr. BERRY introduced a bill (S. 2494) for the relief of the outrage upon American citizens that. hav~ thus fa~ had little .at­ Presbyterian Church of Dardanelle, Yell County, Ark.; which _was tentioil paid them, and the reason giVen IS a pra.ctical one which read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee onj Claims. will suggest itself to practical Senators, and that is the lack of Mr. COCKRELL inti·oduced a bill (S. 2495) for the final adjust­ representation on the part of our country in eastern Turkey or ment of the agricultural-college gran\ to the State of Miss

whether John W. Foster has any official relations with the United States in letter brought out very strongly a highly important point, which assisting Chlna in the peace negotiations with Japan. had thus far, I think,-not bee:q appreciated. It was known to us Mr. STEWART. I understand Mr. Foster has publicly stated through the press that all our war ships had been withdrawn that he has no relation with the Government, but inasmuch as he from Hawaii, and that although several were lying idle at Mare has occupied many high places, I tb.inlr it would be weU for the Island, none had been sent to Honolulu. The letter of Admiral - State Department to answer the resolution I have submitted. A Walker to which I have refen-ed discloses in a striking way the reply in accordance with. what Mr. Foster has already stated danger and impolicy 0f this com·se, and also proves that our Gov­ would then go publicly everywhere, and put an end to the general ernment had been warn~d in regard to it by an officer entitled to discussion of the question in foreign countries. speak on such a point with the authority of an expert. Admiral :Mr. MORGAN. I think it well enough to pass the resolution, Walker says with great frankness that if the British man-of-war though I can state on the authority of General Foster that his had been withdrawn at-the same time as our man-of-war he does mission to China, or Japan rather, has no connection in the world not think that any harm would have been done, or that the sta­ with any official act, or recognizance even, of the United States bility of government in those islands would have been affected. Government. He goes merely as a private citizen of the United It, however, appears from his letter that at the moment when it States, a publicist, invited by the Government of China fo~· the was known that our vessel was to be taken away the British purpose of participating (I suppose, of course, in a merely adVIsory orders were changed, and Her Majesty's ship Champion, which has way) in trying to bring about more pleasant relations between subsequently been replaced by the Hyacinth, was ordel'ed to re­ China and Japan. main at Honolulu. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con­ It is not necessary to impnte any improper motive to Great sideration of the resolution? Britain or her I'epresentative for this action, or even to suppose The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and that it is the intention of Great Britain to seize Hawaii; but it agreed to. must not be forgotten that while our Government hastens to RESOLUTIONS PASSED OVER. 1·ecall a man like Mr. Stevens, who has been earnest in the promo­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate a tion of American interests, Great Britain takes pains to retain and resolution of the Senator from Florida [Mr. CALL], coming over uphold her representative for his devotion to her inteliests. Major Wodehouse, the British representative at Honolul~ has been from a previous day, which will be stated. notoriously the friend of the royal Government, and the mainte­ The SEcRETARY. A !'esolution by Mr. CALL, relative to the Lou­ nance of that Government'is considered by Great Britain to be in isiana or Hondm·as Lottery Company. her interests, and has been favored by her. A country which sus­ Mr. CALL. I ask that the resolution may lie on the table with­ tains the Sultan will not hesitate to sustain any other barbarous out losing its place. monarcll if such a cause promotes her interests. The VICE-PRESIDE.t~T. Without objection it is so ordered. The sympathy of Great Britain, if nothing more, has certainly The Chair lays before the Senate a second reso_lution of the Sena­ been with the royalists in Hawaii. They have kept theli' ships tor from Florida [Mr. CALL], coming over from a previous day, there,. and if it had not been for the promptness of President Dole which Will be stated. and his advisers they would have taken po session of Necker's The SECRETARY. A resolution by Mr. CALL, relative to the im­ Island and thus es-tablished a foothold for their cable to the Sand­ prisomnent of citizens of the United States by a Unitoo States wich Islands, and when England establishes an interest of that cou...-t for contempt. _ kind it is her practice to follow it up. The presence of a British Mr. CALL. I ask that this resolution may lie over in like warship and the withdrawal of ours would be believed by the sup­ manner. porters of the Queen (it matters not whether rightly or wrongly) The VICE-PRESIDENT.• Without objection it is so ordered. to mean that the opportunity was favorable for a royalist npriij:ing. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. To leave affairs there in such a condition was a direct encoilrage­ A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. T. 0. ment to a counter revolution and to the renewal of disaster and pos­ TowLES, its Chief qJ.e1·k, announced that the House had passed sibly of bloodshed in Hawaii. It should be remembered also that the bill (S. 1706) to provide registers for the steamers Cla'r'ibel and Japan has 1·etained a vessel there, and that there is a large JapaneSe Athos. element in Hawaii who form a strong and somewhat threatening ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. portion of the population. Under such conditions, to withdraw our ships and leave the ships of Japan and Great Britain at Hono­ The message also announced that the Speaker of the House had lulu appears to be a bhmder of the very first magnitude. signed the following enrolled bills; and they were thereupon signed The impmtance of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States by the Vice-President: can not be overestimated, and that impo.rtance is greatly increased A bill (S. 2325) supplementary to an act entitled "An act estab­ by the approa-ch of the time when we shall build the Nica1·aguan lishing a court of appeals for the District of Columbia, and for Canal, action which is now being pressed at this very moment in other pm-poses," approved February 9, 1893; and the Senate by the Senator from Alabama -[Mr. MORGAN] with dis­ A bill (S.2384) to amend an act entitled" An act to authorize tinguished ability and with most far-sighted patriotism. It can the construction of a bridge across the Missouri River at some point not, in. any event, be long delayed;. and when that canal is built within 1 mile below and 1 mile above the present limits of the city the Hawaiian Islands will be even more absolutely essential to our of J e:fferson," approved May 28, 1894. safety in the Pacific than they are now. Commercially, and still NAVAL FORCE AT HONOLULU. more from a military point of view, they are of the utmost value. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate a We do not propose to allow any other country to interfere with resolution of the Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. LoDGE], com­ us there. We have passed a resolution in.t;his body warning every ing over from a previous day, which will be stated. other country to keep their hands off the Hawaiian Islands, and The SECRETARY. A resolution by Mr. LODGE that the Secretary that ~tion alone imposes upon us a responsibility for everything of theNavyinform the Senate why all ships of war have been with-. which may occur there. drawn from the Hawaiian Islands. I believe that the American people intend to take those islands, Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, I intJ:oduced at the beginning of and that they will do it just as soon a~ they have an Administra­ the session a resolution asking for the reports and correspondence tion which will not thwart their desires in that respect. Urider of Admh·al Walker in regard to Hawaii. My motive in doing so these circumstances, to leave those islands without the counte­ was because I believed that the opinion of Admiral Walker, a nance and the protection of an American shi.p of war when other man of ability and not connected with politics in any way, would powers hostile to the existing Government are keeping ships of be of great value to us in understanding the condition of affairs war there, to leave our interests in Pearl Harbor and the inte1·ests there and aiding us in obtaining a proper knowledge in regard to of our citizens unguarded in the islands, is wrong in the highest our relations with those islands. degree. AdiiuraJ. Walker's papers were, as I anticipated, when sent to We should show our interest in those islands, Mr. President, in the Senate, of the utmost value in these points. They showed that every proper way. Instead of that, by withdrawing om· ships to a disinterested observer, actuated by no motive but the interests and by our apparent indifference, we ha.ve thl'own the door wide of the United States, it was perfectly clear that our·true policy open to an attempt at a counter revolution. What motive the Ad­ was the annexation of those islands. They confirmed in this way ministration may have in such an extraord.i:llarypolicy is certainly the views expressed by the Senate in their resolution of last summer, not for me to say. Perhaps it is impossible to say. If it is their de­ and which I believe are the views held by substantially all the sire to throw the Sandwich Islands into the hands of Great Brit­ people of the United States outside of the present Administration. ain, as they have openly proposed to do with Samoa, their action These papers also showed that the present government in Hawaii is comprehensible, but nothing else explains it. Such a policy, was the best obtainable; that it had deserved to succeed; that the however, is so unpatriotic that it is difficult to conceive that it constitution had been peaceably established, and that the only should be entertained. Whatever we may say about the policy thing which prevented its general acceptance by the natives was of England, she never fails to look after her own interests, and the fear on their part of a counter or royalist revolution. her representatives an over the world always seek to promote All this was valuable information, but A~l Walker's last them. If the present Administration wouid imitate England in -· : r. 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 623

this respect it would be better than adopting a line of action to which it is 1·eferred; but it is perfectly patent on the face of which sacrifices the interests of the United States to those of things that the reason no ship is sent there is that the Department Great Britain. or the Executive does not think it necessary or that there is any­ It seems to me that in view of the vast importance of the Sand­ thing in our relations with Hawaii to require it. That, I suppose, wich Islands to this country a great wrong has been committed­ is the only answer we could get. in withdrawing our ships at this moment, and that a man-of-war 1\fr.-LODGE. I suppose the Executive does not think it neces- should be sent there at once. It is for·this reason that I have in­ sary. _ troduced the resolution. I am aware that it is going beyond the Mr. GRAY. That is the only answe1· which could be given to powers of Congress to pass a resolution ordering the sending of a such an inquiry. ship; that is an executive act; but I think under these circum­ Mr. LODGE. I think, however, we should be entitled to know stances, with the great interests of the United States in Hawaii, what the reasons are. It strikes a gre-at many other people, and the country is entitled to know for what reason the Administra­ I think it strikes a large majority of the people of the United tion has withdrawn all qur public ships from those islands. I States, that the policy of neglecting those islands is a mistaken think they are entitled to know for what reason we have half a policy. If the reasons are good for withdrawing those ships, why dozen ships lying idle at MaYe Island, when foreign powers are should they not be stated? keeping their ships in the harbor of Honolulu. Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, when I made the motion tore­ . It is for this reason, Mr. President, that I have offered the reso­ fer the resolution to the Committee on Foreign Relations it was lution. If we can not have the ships there, I think, at least, the not for the purpose of defeating it necessarily; but the Senator people of this country have a right to know why they should not from Massachusetts can not have forgotten that the Committee be sent there, and why American interests, which are so large in on Foreign Relations has had jurisdiction of this qu-estion for a those islands, should not be pro_perly protected. very long time, and all the matters to which the Senator has re­ Mr. GEORGE. I was detained from the Senate by committee ferred in his remarks this morning have been the subject of inves­ work so that I could not be here at the time the -resolution was tigation by that committee. read, and I did not have the pleasure of listening to the remarks I assume, without claiming to speak for the Secretary of the of the Senator from Massachusetts. I should be glad, therefore, Navy, that he had no knowledge whatever of whathasbeengoing to have the resolution again read. on in the State Department in regard to our relations with the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be read. Sandwich Islands further than to carry out the orders of the Presi­ The Secretary read the resolution submitted by Mr. LODGE De­ dent in the disposition of the vessels under his control. I must cember 22, 1894, as follows: confess that the resolution addressed to the Secretary of the Navy would be, as the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY] intimated, Resolved. That the Secretary of the Navy be instructed to inform the Sen­ ate why all ships of war of the United States have been withdrawn from the almost fruitless. I take it for granted the Secretary of the Navy Hawaiian Islan.d.s, and whether, in his view of the interests of the United has no information he can give to the Senator or to the Senate in States and of citizens of the United States in those islands, a ship of war of regard to that matter which he will not have to get through the the United States should not now be stationed and retained at Honoltl.ln. Department of State. Therefore I made the motion to refer the MJ.·. BUTLER.. I move that the resolution be referred to the resolution to the Committee on Foreign Rela.tit>ns in order that it Committee on Foreign Relations. might make a candid inquiry into the subject suggested by the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of the resolution. I have no motive in defeating the resolution. Senator from South Carolina that the pending resolution be referred I do not myself think this is a matter of very much consequence. to the Committee on Foreign Relations. The Senator from Massachusetts says he thinks a majority of the Ml·. LODGE. Before that motion is put, I should like to sug­ people of this country believe that there was a mistaken policy in gest that this resolution of mine is addressed, not to the Secretary regard to the Sandwich Islands. My judgment is the majority of of Statet but to the Secretary of the Navy. It relates to the dis­ the American people care very little about it. I think a great deal position of ships, with which the Secretary of State and the Com­ more ado and noise and fuss have been made about it than the sub­ mittee on Foreign Relations I do not think have immediate concern. ject deserves. The Secretary of the Navy, I have no doubt, took M.r. GRAY. May I ask the Senator from Massachusettaa ques­ the ship away from there because he thought it was best it should tion? be done; but if the State Department should request him to send Mr. LODGE. Certainly. another ship I have no doubt he would do so. Mr. GRAY. Do not the scope of the Senator's resolution and Mr. LODGE. I have no desire to enter into any discussion now the motive of his action refer to relations be-tween the United on the propriety of the reference of the resolution. I do not think States and the independent Republic of Hawaii? it is an important matter, and I am disposed to agree with the Mr. LODGE. The scop~ of my resolution is simply to know Senator from South Carolina that the question is one of our for­ why American ships of...wat have been withdrawn from a point eign relations; but as the matter related to ships and the papers where American interests are involved, from a country which the upon which the inquiry is based were the correspondence of a Senate by unanimous resolution has declared no other counb·y naval officer entirely, I supposed I was taking the proper course should be allowed to interfere with, and of which, as is well1...""D.own, to get the information which I desire by putting it in that way. this body favors the annexation. Of course the feelings of the people of the United States in re­ Mr. GRAY. I do not know whether that is so well known. gard to Hawaii and oul" conduct there must remain largely a Mr. LODGE. The withdrawal wa-s- made by the Secretary of matter of speculation, but the evidence to my mind was pretty the Navy, and in no other'Way. plain after I retm·ned from Washington that they t~k a very Mr. GRAY. If ImayinterrupttheSenatorfromMassachusetts' much deeper interest in the subject than it might be thought they while he is on the floor so far as to say-- did. I thinK the American people resented very deeply the atti­ 1t1r. LODGE. Certainly. tude in which we were put. The possession of the Sandwich Mr. GRAY. It seems to me, on ihe mere propriety of the ref­ Islands is, I think, a matter of great import-ance. It may be con­ erence of the resolution to a committee, it would be about as proper sidered a small point amid the great interests of the people of the to refer this question to the Secretary of the Np,vy as it would. be United States. So is Samoa; a still mo1·e unimportant point, per­ to refer the question of the policy of the Government to a chief of haps. I do not think, however, that the American people consider police. The Secretary of the Navy has the duty of apportioning it unimportant to see a neglect of American interests anywhere; the ships and the discipline of the Navy, but I do not think he has I think that they resented it very deeply, and I think it is shown anything to do with the policy of keeping ships in one place or by their votes that they resented it in many parts of this country another as the international interests of the United States may very deeply at the late elections. dictate. It seems to me that it is a matter concerning the foreign Mr. ALDRICH. Will the Senator from 1\Iassa.chusetts allow ' relations of the United States. · me to make a suggestion to him? Mr. LODGE. I agree with the Senator from Delaware that the Mr. LODGE. Certainly. duty of the Secretary of the Navy is simply to give the orders Mr. ALDRICH. I would suggest, in view of the objections about the ships. If it had been left to him I am inclined to think made by Senators on the other side, that the Senator from :Massa­ there would be a ship now at Honolulu. But I do not know any chusetts modify his resolution so as to request this information other channel through which I can properly make the inquiry in directly from the President, who is, of course, the center of all regard to the disposition of ships except the Secretary of the Navy. knowledge upon the subject, inserting the usual clause, "if not It seems to me it is a simple iri.quiry, and I can not see why it is incompatible with the public interests." necessary to send it to a committee, unless it be the desire to de­ Mr. LODGE. I am perfectly willing' to modify the resolution feat it, which cdnld be just as easily done by a direct vote. The in that way, to make the request of the President to furnish the inquiry is simply one for information; that is all. It certainly information "if not incompatible with the public interests." can not embarrass our relations with anyforeigncountryto have Mr. ALDRICH. I suppose Senators on the other side will not the Secretary of the Navyexplain why he was ordered to with­ object to the resolution in that form. draw those ships. Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. President~ the suggestion made by the Mr. GRAY. It seems to me, so far as the resolution itself goes, Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. ALDRICH] was the one I intended that that would be a matter for the consideration of the committee to make. -... , , I / I 624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 4,

It seems to nie this is purely a diplomatic question, and it is one considerable anxiety there on the part of those people engaged upon which the President of the United States might desire to in what I call a conspiracy to know what woulcl be the policy of indicate to Congress the reason for his action. I see no reason the United States Government in case a revolution should break why this resolution should not be passed. If it is the sense of tb.e out there in favor of Queen Liliuokalani. If you could asswe Committee on Foreign Relations I certainly should vote for such them that the United States would have no vessel there, o1· that a resolution, and I am inclined to think the committee would do if i-t should have a vessel there it should in no manner or under so, but the resolution ought to be addressed to the President of no circumstances interfere, it would be valuable information to the United States, with the usual addition, "if not incompatible the royalists in that Republic. The Congress of the United States with the public interests.· has the power to direct-the Congress, to be sure, not the Senate­ Our relations with Hawaii are a matter of great importance, and the President and the Secretary of the Navy to send all of our I think the people of the United States are entitled to know the vessels to any one port; and if we have the right to declare war reason why the Government of the United States withholds the and use the whole Navy for a particular purpose, I think we may ordinary vessels which have been commonly stationed in that re­ make any inquiry upon the minor details relating to the Navy.· gion. I have no doubt a proper answer will be made brie:t;ly. It Mr. BUTLER. I do not care at this time to reopen 'the discus­ is barely possible that some provision for stationing a vessel there sion in regard to the policy of this Government toward the Sand­ has ~lready been made. At any rate, it is a thing proper for us to wich Islands. That was discussed very fully here, and th..-=..o: lJody inquire into; it is a matter of public policy. I therefore shall vote passed a resolution, in which, as I understood, it outlined the for the resolution, although, as a rule, I generally vote to refer any policy of this Government in regard to those islands. I do not see resolution of inquiry to the committee having charge of the sub­ just how the resolution of the Senator from Massachusetts is going ject-matter. My impression is, if that course should be taken now, to aid the Senate, or the country, or the President, or the Secre­ the committee would favorably report the resolution. tary of the Navy, or the Secretary of State in regard to that policy. Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, I think the resolution ought to My object in asking the reference of the resolution to the Com­ go to the Committee on Foreign Relations for this reason, if for mittee on Foreign Relations was not, as I have said, for the pur­ no other: It is not supposed that the Senate of the United States, pose of defeating it, but for the purpose of examining into the an independent body, has any control over the Executive of this propriety of the p~ssage of such a res

\• r

1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 625

matter-of publicconcern, where somegroundhas been laid for the drawal was on a-ccount of the visit to Wa-shington of the committee inquiry, might pass without any reference to a committee; but in to which I refer, but it was rather a singular circ~tance that this case I think the committee, which has been established by the vessel should have been withdrawn so closely following the this body for so many years to consider all matters which concern visit of those gentlemen to this city. our foreign relations before they a~ presented to the Senate, Mr. GRAY. May I ask the Senator a question? should pass upon the question whether there is now a state of Mr. ALDRICH. Certainly. things which demands this inquiry. , Mr. GRAY. Does not the Senator .from Rhode Island think As the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. BUTLER] has just said, that is a proper subject of inquiry by the Committee on Foreign the policy of this Government, so far as this body and the other Relations? He speaks of a rnmor-I do not know that I shall char­ can establish it, has been determined by a resolution, passed with .acterize it as "loose," but a rumor; he does not spe'ak of his own practical unanimity, that it was the policy and to the interest of knowledge-about some visit of royalists and the connection be­ this Government that the Hawaiian Islands should be left to pur­ tween theit visit and the withdrawal of a ship. I ask if it is not sue their own line of polity without any interference on our part. proper that the Committee on Foreign Relations should have an We solemnly passed a resolution of that kind. I am not quoting opportunity to investigate as to whether there is any foundation exactly, but very nearly I "believe, the words of that resolution de­ for such a charge or whether it belongs to that class of idle rumors termining the policy of this Government. which are always floating around the atmosphere of the Executive Therefore we are not concerned with the conspiracy or sup­ Mansion and around the purlieus ot this Capitol? posed conspiracy or threatened conspiracy that the Senator from Mr. ALDRICH. I will state to the Senator from Delaware that Connecticut [Mr. HAWLEY] conjures up as a reason for this in­ the fact that the vessel of war has been withdrawn constitutes to quiry. If there is a conspiracy or if there is domestic trouble in my mind and to the mind of other Senators-a sufficient reason those Hawaiian Islands, we have declared that we have no}hing why this inquiry should be made. I do not understand the Sena­ to do with it, and I, for one, hope that this country will not be tor from Delaware, or the Senator from South Carolina, to say besmirched again by such a scandal as attached to it with refer­ that any great public interest would be imperiled if this simple ence to the Government which has been set up on those islands. question should be answered by the A~tration. If the Presi­ It is a matter of notoriety, it is a matter resting upon sworn tes­ dent should so think he certainly would not send an answer; and timony, as I think has been demonstrated on the floor of the Sen­ I suppose Senators will have sufficient confidence in his judgment ate, that there was an interference there which brought-scandal to admit that. and shame to the American .People; and while there is a difference Mr. BUTLER. Permitme to state that perhaps while no great of opinion about it, and the Senator from Massachusetts speaks public interest would be imperiled by it, the chances are that no about the verdict of the people at the polls and all that, I want to public interest would be promoted by this inquiry, and it might say to him, what he must Jmow, that there is a large body of turn out on an investigation by the committee, as the Senator public opinion, and not the least intelligent public opinion, which from Delaware suggested, that the charge is based upon idle shares the views I have expressed upon this matter. rumor which is not entitled to consideration by this body. I say, So I think we might just as well let the Committee on Foreign possibly that might be the case. · I do not know anything about Rela.tions, which certainly on both sides is composed of members it, I am frank to say. not inimical to more intimate relations of the United States with Mr. ALDRICH. For the life of me I can not understand why the Hawaiian Islands, consider this matter and determine whether this continual juggling is kept up by the party in power in regard there is anything in the present public conditions to justify such to the Hawaiian question. Here is a simple resolution of inquiry an inquiry. . upon a matter of public importance, and upon its being presented Mr. ALDRICH. Will the Senator from Delaware allow me to the attempt is made at once by the Senators in charge of matters ask him a question? of this kind upon the other side to sidetrack it or to throw some Mr. GRAY. I yield the floor. kind of cloud or obscurity around it, to give some reason why the Mr. ALDRICH. I should like to hav::e the Senator from Dela­ people of the United States should not be admitted finally and at ware state if it is not a fact that the United States has had, for last into the confidence of the Administration as to matters which some reason or other, a naval vessel stationed at the B.awaiian are certainly as much their concern as they are of anybody else. Islands for many years, and that for some reason or other it has Mr. BUTLER. The remarks of the Senator from Rhode Island been withdrawn. have disclosed exactly what I supposed to be the animus behind Mr. GRAY. I will answer that question, and say not con- this whole moveD:lent. The object is to make a point against the stantly, but intermittently. Administration. Mr. ALDRIC:U. As a usual thing? Mr. GRAY. Politics. Mr. GRAY. 1 do not know even as a usual thing. Mr. BUTLER. The Senator from Rhode Island talks about the Mr. ALDRICH. For most of the time for the last half century? party in the majority in this body juggling with the Hawaiian Mr. GRAY. I do not know as a usual thing. question. Sir, if there has been any juggling it has been done by Mr. ALDRICH. I think that is a matter of common knowledge. the Senator and his friends from the beginning. There has been Mr. GRAY. I think it very unfortunate that we had one there a very feeble and impotent attempt from the very incipiency of called the Boston some time ago. this discussion and agitation. to try to make political capital out of Mr. ALDRICH. That we have always heretofore had a vessel it. That is all there is in the resolution, in my opinion. Now, lying there is a matter of common knowledge. I do not know that after what has fallen from the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. the Senator·from Delaware shares that knowledge. · ALDRICH] there is nothing else behind it except that, an attempt, Mr. GRAY. No, I beg the Senator's pardon, it is not a matter impliedly at lea-st, to reflect upon the admini!;tration of the Navy of common knowledge. I say it is a matter of common knowledge Department by the present~cretary of the Navy. that only intermittently a vessel has been statio~ed there. I have no right to question the good faith of my friend from Mr. ALDRICH. It is well known that for some reason not Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE], but if I believed there was some}'eal given to the public that poJ.icy has been changed, our ships have good expected to be accomplished by the resolution I do not kilow been withdrawn, and no other ships have been sent there to take that I should object to it. But if the object, as has been intimated their place. It is true that the Senate of the United States has by the Senator from Rhode Island, is simply to make a point against passed a resolution declaring what they understood to be the policy the party in power, I think that party had better take jurisdiction of the United States in regard to theEawaiian Islands. Itmight of it, inquire into it, and let us see whether there is any foundation be, by a change of policy on the part of the Administration, that for this implied reflection upon the present Administration. that policy could not be carried out, and that by want of action, Mr. ALDRICH. I think the Senator from South Carolina as well as by action, the Executive might have ·neutralized the agrees with me very largely in regard to the Hawaiian question. policy which the Congress and the people of the United States I think he believes that at sometime or other these islands will had desired to have established in regard to the Hawaiian Islands. become the property of the United States by annexation or other­ Mr. BUTLER. Are we to understand the Senator from Rhode wise. Now, does he not believe a'S a patriotic American citizen Island to intimate that the present Administration of. this Gov­ that the United States Government ought to be represented at ernment would wantonly and deliberately violate the policy as those islands by a vessel of war at all times? announced by Congress in regard to the Hawaiian Islands? Is Mr. BUTLER. If the Senator from Rhode Island will pardon that what we are to understand him to intimate or to say? me for interrupting him, I do not hesitate for one moment to state Mr. ALDRICH. I do not think I went quite so far as that in my that I have from the beginning been in favor of the annexation of intimation, but I will state what I believe to be a fa.ct in this con­ the Sandwich Islands, and I am now in favor of it in a proper nection, which I think has an impol'tant bearing upon the action manner; but I do not intend so far as I can prevent it to permit of the Administration. I am told that a committee of royalists any filibustering out there. r from the Hawaiian Islands came to the United States and visited Mr. ALDRICH. Not by any means; but does not the Senator Washington at some time within the past year, and that almost believe that in the interest of peace and of conservative govern­ immediately subsequent to their visit to this capital the United ment in those islands the presence of a vessel of war of the United States ship which was stationed at the Hawaiian ' Islands was States would have been important? withdrawn and has not been replaced. I do not say that that with- Mr. BUTLER.· Possibly that may be so. But I am not the :XXVII-40 . - 626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J.ANUAR~ 4,

Secretary of State; I am not the President of the United States, nor craiic history in antagonism to that policy. When the American the Secretary of theNavy, nCFr the Committee on Foreign Relations. people heard that those Pacific islands had thrown off the royal }fr. ALDRICH. Entirely aside from the question of annexation Government and assumed a republican form they understood that there are important American interests in the islands which should it meant now is- the opportunity to incorporate them with the be protected against lawlessness. It seems to me that that is very United States. That is what we had been looking for; that is clearly the duty of an Administration which has a patriotic pur­ what 99 per cent of the American people had hoped, and I assert, pose to cany out the wishes of the people of the country. It cer- no matter what the Senator from Delaware may say, that an ex­ tainly ought to keep a vessel there. · amination of the public press, of the public utterances, irrespective Mr. BUTLER. If the Government of the Sandwich Islands is of party, will show that the great body of the American people not able to protect any interest within its jurisdiction, I think it were in sympathy with the movement of the Adininistration then ought to go.• As I stated, I do not think it is any part of the about to go out to bring the islands into closer relation with us. business of this Government or of the people of this country to It was belie-v-ed, 1\fr. President, that the opportunity we had interfere with the domestic affairs of tke Sandwich Islands. It sought for fifty years had come; and I repeat that there was no is none of our business except so far as we may interfere in any consi.derable opposition to it anywhere, not ev'en in this body. I .. ' other country where large inteJrests of our peQple are involved. recall (although we were in executive &essionitwas not an execu­ .Mr. ALDRICH. Does the nresenceof anAmericanman-of-war tive secret) the feeling which pervaded the Senate when the Sena­ in Central American waters or in South American waters or at tor hom Alabama [Mr. MORGAN] read to us a telegram he had Southampton mean that we propose to interfere in the domestic received from the State Department as to the transactions in those affairs of any of those countries? islands. There was a sense of congratulation and joy in this body Mr. BUTLER. It does not. that now the time had come when we with the consent of those peo- Mr. ALDRICH. It merely means that the interests of the ' pie (and that is all that we had ever been waiting for) could take United States and the interests of the citizens of the United States them in and incCFrporate them with us and bring them legally the-re are to be looked after by this Government. under the jurisdiction of our flag. :Mr. BUTLER. It doos not mean that we propose to inter­ Mr. President,. those islands are- essential to the safety or our fere in their domestic ·affairs; but it is no part of my business and commerce. We are talking now of building a canal across the no part of the business of the Senator from Rhode Island to un Isthmus of Darien. If we should build that canal,, does anybody I dertake to dictate to the President of the United States where he SUJ>pose we would allow those islands to :pass into foreign hands? shall send the vessels of the Navy. . There cdllld not be a vote obtained in this body-not one-with Mr. ALDRICH. Does the Senator from South Carolina think the canal or without, in favor of allowing the islands to pass into Congress has a right to make any suggestions to the President in foreign hands . . Even the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY] that regard? would not be willing that that should take place, I imagine. Those Mr. BUTLER. Of course, as was suggested by: the Senator people are peculiarly within our protection. They have a Govern­ from Alabama ["Mr. MoRGAN], weclearlyhavesuch a right in the ment now which is republican in form. They are threatened not cases named by 'him. But that this body or that Congress has the by the people of the islands with a destruction of the GoYernment, right to dictate to the President of the United States where he but they are threatened by 0111· great commercial antagonist, G:reat shall send vessels of this Gov~rnment upon the capriciOus com­ Britain. An examination of all the facts that have transpired since plaint of perhaps some irresponsible person I do deny most em- the organization of the Provisional Government and the Republic phatically. - - will bear me out when I say that if there is. any danger at all to I have not the sli~htestdoubtthat if the interests of the Ameri­ those people it does not come from the people of the islands. It can people in the bandwich Islands required the presence of a comes from our great commercial antagonist-the people who see man-of-war at HonolulU' the President would order one sent there the advantages to commerce and to trade which those islands would promptly. There is not the slightestfoundation fo:r: the statement give us, if we had them, and the advantages the islands would give that he or any member of his Cabinet sympathizes in any deg1·ee them, with their great possessions on the Pacific coast and their whatever with the so-called royalist fooling in the Sandwich great commerce across to the Australian seas. Islands. There has been no act of the President or his Cabinet Nothing which this Administration ~ould have done would have or any member of his Adminisnation which justifies that accusa­ so brought it into sympathy and touch with our people as to have tion, and there is none which justifies it now. Why the President taken steps to bring those people into. closer relations with us. withdrew the man-of-war from Honolulu I confess I do not know; Nothing which this Administration has done has brought greatei but I do know that if the interests of this country require that dis:repute upon it than its connection with this single transac.. vessel to be sent back it will be sent back just as rapidly as a tion-not one-and that is saying a good deal, as is suggested to vessel was sent to the Mosquito Coast or as rap-idly as a vessel me by a Senator near by, because there are a good many matters would be sent to any other part of the world where the interests in which the Administration has not been in touch with the people. of the American people requiTed protection. This Administration Why should we not have a ship at Honolulu? What were the will give that protection as promptly, as patriotically, and as ships built for? To look after American interests all over the readily as any other, and it is the implied reflection upon the world. We do not expect to have them for war. We expect to present Administration to which !-take exception. have them when any dispute or difficulty arises where American Mr. TELLER. Mr. President, I can not allow to go nnchal­ citizens are found with American prop~·ty. There has been a lP..nged the statement of the Senator from Delaware [Mr. GRAY] condition of affairs there which every sensible man knew was lia­ that the transaction on the part of our Government's representa­ ble to result in a revolution, not because of the people there, I tives at the time of the creation of the Hawaiian Republic was repeat, but because of the great agencies which are exerted upon disgraceful to the people of the United States. The Senator from the people from the outside. If there should be an overturning · Delaware, in a labored effort, attempted so to show to the Senate. of that Government, do not Senators think American interests He ~rhaps convinced himself and he may have convinced some would be promo!ed by having an American naval vessel there? others, but he did not convince any considerable number of the Mr. BUTLER. May I ask the Senator from Colorado a question? Am.e1·ican people. All the facts connected with that transaction Mr. TELLER. Certainly. were substantially known before the present Administration-came Mr. BUTLER. I agree with him entirely about the policy of into power. this Government in regard to the Sandwich Islands, but I have I admit that there was some haste on the part of the outgoing nev~ heard that.there has been any attempt by anybody to inter­ Administration to get· the benefit of bringing these islands into fere with American interests in the islands. Possibly the-Senator the United States or under our flag. I regret it very much, for I may have some information which I have not. Our Government myself am confident that if there had been no suchattempt,.if the is represented there by a distinguished citizen of this country, and matter had rested until the new Administration came in, the I take it for granted that if there were any attempt to interfere islands would now be a part and parcel of the American Republic. with the rights of the American people in the Sandwich Islands, It was perhaps excusable for 'the outgoing Administration to de­ or to disturb in any respect the policy as declared by the Congress sire t9 take to itself all the credit it could for the annexation of of the United States, he would-promptly communicate with the those islands. There has been in the United States for many years United States Government, and that the Government in response a determined and general feeling amongst the people that those would not only send one ship, but a dozen vessels, perhaps. We islands should ultimately become a part and parcel of this Re­ may possibly have need for a ship there; I do not know about public. I assert here, with the full knowledge of every transac­ that, but unless there is some information other than I am pos­ tion which has occurred with reference to those islands, that until sessed of-- the present Democratic Administration came into power there Mr. TELLER. I will state-that there has been no special threat never was a Democratic Administration from the time those islands made to American interests, but if there should be an overturn­ had an autonomy which would not have been glad, more than ing of the Government, if the Government now existing should

glad, to have incorporated them with the United States. be in hostile hands1 with influences hostile to American comxnerce The history of the Democratic party is full of efforts to acquire and American interests p-redominating, then there would be. ne­ the sovereignty of those islands, and there is not a line in Demo- cessity for the presence of a ship belonging to om: Navy.

l r

1895 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.SENATR 627

. 1\:fr. BUTLER. I will state to the Senator from Colorado that Mr. CALL. MI·. President, this is a simple resolution asking I would join hands with him and all other Senators in promptly that the Senate of the United States may be advised of the facts resenting any such interference by a foreign power. in regard to certain public matters. I do not see that the Sena- Mr. TELLER. So th~ Senator would, and so would all the tors who compose the Committee on Foreign Relations have any other Senators. There is not anyone here so craven that he would other authority than is possessed by other Senators, or why it is not defend American interests, and there has not been anybody that they should be a-sked to advise the other Senators whether connected with the Administration who would not do so. !would information upon public subjects is important to them, and why, not make that charge against an American Administration at all. if they think it is not that the information should be confined . The question is whether we shall prudently and beforehand guard to them, the Senate or that a majority of the Senat-e should obedi­ against those disasters. The truth might as well be told. The ently submit to the opinion of five or six Senators, however dis­ American people do not intend that that Government shall be de- tingui.shed. So I think those Senators, like any other Senators on stroyed, and if it is necessary to have an American ship there to ~his floor,_ should give the reasons here wh~ a resolution asking for see that it is not destroyed the American people intend that there information should not be passed. There 18 no need for any delib­ shall be a ship there. That is the American sentiment all over eration in committee upon this subject. Certainly the people of this country. An ounce of prevention, as is suggested to me by the United States have a right to know why it is that the military my friend on the right, is worth a pound of cure. or naval forces of the United States are distributed at one place We intend that those islands shall maintain their autonomy until or another, and the Senate, as representing the people of the United we get ready to take them in under our flag, and if it were neces- States and as a part of the power to regulate our foreign relations·, sru-y Congress would approp1iate money f.or their defense. It is has a peculiar right to that knowledge and information. not necessary. These naval vessels are not needed where they are Mr. BUTLER. Will the Senator from Florida pardon me for or they are not needed so badly as they have been needed in the one moment? I think he is going off on a tangent which is not at Hawaiian Islands. Why a vessel of war is not at Honolulu I do all applicable to what has been said in regard to this matter. I not know. I do not know whether it is a part and parcel of the have not intimated for a moment that the Senate is not entitled to same scheme which was ·gotten up in the early days of the present all the information it desires as to the subject. It is not the object Administration for the purpose of returning the Hawaiian Gov- of my motion to cut off any inquiry. But the Committee on For- • ernment to its royal hands, which held it so feebly and so disgrace- eign Relations is one of the organized committees of this body; it fully. Nobody need pretend to the American people that this has charge of all questions relating to our foreign polity, and the Administration did not intend to put that old Queen back on the object I had in view in making the motion was merely that. the throne with all het imbecility and weakness. Every movement co~itt~e should examine into. the advisabilio/ and propriety of ,, the-Administration made with their special diplomat, Mr. Blount, the mqmry. When the resolution comes back mto the Senate the - and subsequent thereto indicates that that was the purpose. .A Senator can vote on it as he pleases. I do not propose by my roo­ careful investigation of the admiral's report which has recently tion to take the resolution out of the power of the Senate. I am been made will show that agencies outside of our Government n~t claiming forth~ Committee on Foreign Relations any superior and outside of the agencies on the islands are at work to accom- WlSdom or greater mterest than pther Senators on this floor have, plish that purpose. but such matters are constantly, day in and day out, referred to Mr. BUTLER. I do not desire to interrupt the Senator from committees, and it is their business to inform this body as to such Colorado, but I am not quite willing to permit that general charge questions of inquiry. to go unchallenged. Perhaps he has better knowledge as to what Mr. CALL. .All that is involved in the question of reference. the sentiment of the American people is than I have, but I under- If there is nothing to inquire about, there is no reason for the take to say that therenever has been a time since the present Ad- adoption of the motion to refer. The question here is simply .ministration came into power when it was any part of its purpose Shall the Senate be advised of the fa'Cts in possession of the Ex~ to restore Queen Liliuokalani to power. I do not believe it ever ecutive, if'he thinks it compatible with the public interests? That was the purpose, and there is nothing in any act done by the Ad- is all there is to it. It ha-s nothing to do with the foreign policy ministration itself or any diplomatic agent sent to the islands which of the Gove~en_t. When the in:forma:tion comes to this body justifies that charge. the Senate, m Its Judgment, may determme that nothing is nec- Mr. TELLER. I am not going into that question in the morn- essary to be done. It may approve the action of the President. ing hour at this time on a resolution of this kind. The matter I d? approve it. I am one of those who see nothing wrong in the has been fully discussed; the American people have had their say poli~y of the Administration in regard to the Hawaiian Islands. on it in the press, and I do not know but that they have had then· While I should not object to seeing a protectorate established say at the polls. But I know it is the accepted understanding that over the islands, I should object to seeing that country, with its ].IT. Blount was sent there to restore the status quo. We were present_ population and under present circumstances, annexed to told that we were in honor bound to do it because of the improper ' the Umted States. But I do not see any objection to the conduct acts to which the Senator from Delaware again refers; that our of the present Administration in reference to Hawaii. agencies there having assistea in destroying the royal government I am of the opinion that the resolution of the Senator from Mas­ and in establishing a g~v~rnment republic:;m in form, it_was our sachusetts f:Mr, LODGE]_ s~ould be ~dop~. !1 ~ny c~nsiderable duty to return t_o the onginal status and reinstate the Queen, and num~r of Sena~rs deBl!e mfo-z:mation which It 18 not mcompati­ that then she m1~ht be left to take care of herself, of course. I '!Jle With the public semce to give, they should have the right to believe the Admmistration did not go to the extent of saying it It, ~hatever may be the opini_on of that small portion of the Senate would defend the Queen and keep her on the throne. But the which may compose any of Its committees, and for that reason I Senator from South Carol.iru£- need not charge that this is a new ~vote for the resolution. I have no sympathy with the refiec­ accusationagainst the Administration. The charge has been made tio~s often made in an unfriendly spirit on the English people and upon this floor and in the press, not in the partisan press, but in therr Go-yernment. the Democratic press, and in the leading Dem<>Qratic papers of the There IS no foundation, in my judgment, for the statement that United States, that that was the purpose of the Administration. the ~eopl~ ~f England are unfnendly to our people or that their Mr. BUTLER. I admit that that charge has been made, but public poli01es are dictated by an unfriendly disposition toward this the point I make is that the charge has never been sustained. Government and toward the American people. Certainly the Gov- Mr. TELLE.R. Oh, Mr. President, no man can read the in- ernment of Great Britain pursues the public policy which their structions and follow the proceedings of that· special minister pe?ple regarjl as most beneficial to them, and they are right in without feeling that that was the purpose and object of his ap- domg so, as everyotherpeoplewoulddo andaswe arenowseeking pointment. Why was he sent there if it was not for that pur- to do. · pose? I do not care to come here and :n:Mtke a partisan speech or The people of Great Britain are to a large extent the ancestors to attack the Administration. I think it has its hands full; I of the people of the United States. They have performed a great ~ i~ is l_abo~g .under aoout as many disadvantages as any part for many centuries iJ;t advancing the happiness and progress AdmilllStration ~ th18 c?untry. ever labored under, and I do not mall the_ useful ar~ an~ s~1_enc~s of the world. They are the pillars •:feel very much like adding to Its burden now. But for the fact' of the still advancmg CIVIlization of the world. From the people that the Senator attac~ed the late Adm~istration by saying that of Englail;d, Scotland, ~nd Ireland we derive our institutions, there had been such disgraceful proceedings connected with the guai·anteemg personal nghts and freedom, and our arts and sci­ transaction at Hawaii I should' not have mentioned it. I wish to ences. There is nothing to indicate that the Government of Great repeat, however, that every act of Mr. Stevens and every act of Britain seeks to contravene in any way the policy of this· Govern­ the officers of th~ Boston met the approval of more than 90 per ment in regard to J:Iawaii. cent of the Amencan people, as was evidenced by the declarations I approve the policy of the President toward Hawaii and think of the public press and _p~blic ~eetings everywhere. It was only ~t is_ not ~cult t~ defend it in any respect. The c~nstant ob­ when th~ l?rese~t Adm~stratio;ll sought to throw discredit upon Jectlon t~a~ 1t was mtended to rest?re a royalist govemment is, th~ Administration which had JUSt gone out that there arose in m ·my op~mon, um·easonable and Without any just foundation. this country any number of people, and, thank God, they are not The President doubtless considered what justice and right de­ very numerous now, who defended the action of the present .Ad- manded under the cil·cumstances of the case, and was of the ministration touching those islands. opinion that citizens of the United States shoulQ. not be allowed ,

628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 4,

to subvert the Government of Hawaii in violation of the treaty own poor opinions or my own poor abilities to those of the lead­ and the public policy of the United States, which not only recog­ ers in past generations of the party to which I belong. f am only nized but may be properly regarded ag ~uaranteeing the Govern­ expressing my own opinion, formed conscientiously upon the best ment of Hawaii. The treaty of 1850 in terms pledges the Gov­ consideration I can give to this subject, and I announce it for ernment ·of the United States to prevent its citizens from acts what it is worth. I think that is my duty while I have the honor in violation of the laws of Hawaii, and. therefore prohib=ted the to occupy a position on this floor. I know the gentleman does interference, either direct or indirect, of the mHitary or naval not agree with me. I know there was a time when the spirit of forces of the United States. The annexation or the establishment filibustering was abroad in the land, when the party to which I of a protectorate over Hawaii is not necessarily involved in the belong were as much committed to it as any other, perhaps, and action of the President. they were for stretching out their hands in every direction. Cubp. Mr. GRAY. Mr. President, it is not my pm-pose to embark was to be brought within the embrace of the United States ana with the Senator from Colorado fl\Ir. TELLER] on the yea-sty it was to be incorporated as a great State on our Southeastern waves of debate in respect to the ilawaiian question. We have border, and the Central American States were the object of de­ had om· day in court on that subject. The Senator is so exceed­ sire and of diplomatic consideration by various Administrations. ingly positive, however, the cast of his mind is so intensely prag­ But, ·Mr. President, I do not sympathize now with that spirit. matical on all these subjects, and he challenges with so much I think the time has come when we should throw a-side these feeling the statement I made, that I was quite glad he challenged notions that belong to a past age and to conditions entirely differ­ my statement instE!ad of challenging me. But I wish to say to the ent from those which now obtain. However, I merely intended, Senator from Colorado, that while I do not often indulge in state­ not, as I said, to embark in a general discussion of this subject, ments he1·e in the name of the majority of the American people but to reply to the statement of the Senator from Colorado, and unless I have some good rea-son to do so, I am also of the opinion refer to the evidence, every word of which I heard and every word that he bas no authority now "to make the statements he has made of which I have read, that was taken before the Committee on in the name of the American people. Foreign Relations. I am not aware, unless the Senator desires to change the issue Mr. TELLER. I have read it. entirely, that the Hawaiian qoostion was ever an issue in the last Mr. GRAY. I have no doubt the Senator has read it. I was campaign. I am aware that there was a great difference of opinion prese~t and cross-examined the witnesses, and I have since read the in this body and in the other House as well as in the press of the testimony taken by the Foreign Relations Committee, and I took country and among the people in regard to the different phases of part in the discussion of it.on this floor. I want to repeat what I this question; but I wish to say one thing to him which wa-s a mat­ said at the outset, that there was not an annexationist whom I ter of observation to which I can testify. Although there was knew upon this side, nor one on the outside with whom I dis­ practically a majority in the Committee on Foreign Relations, so cnsse~ this question who had examined that testimony, who did • far as I could gather from conversation, in favor of the general not agree with me that it would be a shame and a dishonor to this policy of the annexation of those islands (I doubt not a majority country to take advantage of the conditions which then obtained of this body, at least a great many men in both parties, perhaps a in order to carry out the policy of annexation; and that I believe very numerous class in the party to which I belong, were in favor will be the verdict of the American people when they come to of annexation) no one of those with whom I conversed, barring understand this question and get rid of the impression caused by the gentleman himself and his political colleagues on the other the misrepresentations that were made for political effect during side, even though they were annexationists so far as the general the last campaign and during the pendency of this discussion. policy was concerned, after reading the testimony taken by the Now, Mr. President, it seems to me that the pending resolution Committee on Foreign Relations in 1·egard to the performances in comes down to this: It is not an ordinary thing for the Senate, or Hawaii when the emeute of the Boston and Mr. Stevens occurred, for either branch of Congress, to interfere with the merely execu­ thought that it comported with the dignity, the honor, or the fame tive duty of disposing of the ships of the Navy upon the va.rious of the United States to make it an opportunity of carrying into foreign stations. That that is an ordinary executive duty, with effect that policy. which this body ought not to interfere, I think all will agree; but Mr. TELLER. Will the Senator from Delaware permit me to there may be circumstances that would justify such an inquiry, askbim a question? . and as it is exceptional and unusual, I think that such a proposi­ Mr. GRAY. l will yield in one moment. I wish to say to him tion ought to go to the appropriate committee in order that some that my statement'which he challenges is reenforced by the fact investigation and consideration may be given to the grounds of that avowed annexationists, after carefully examining that tes­ the proposal. timony, said they could not in honor and in due consideration to Mr. TELLER. Mr. President, I do not claim to have any au­ the fame and good name of this country advocate annexation thority to speak for the American people. I spoke of what my under circumstances such as were disclosed by the investigation impression was as to the sentiment of the American people, gath­ of the committee. ered from the newspaper press irr~pective of party. Nearly as Mr. TELLER. I wish toask the Senator, then, if he, as a mem­ many Democratic papers as Republican in the country condemn ber of the committee, convinced by the evidence he speaks of, felt the action of the Administration on this subject. Whatever may it to be the duty of this Government to return the Queen to be said about the Administration being an un-American one, I power? want to say that I have never charged the Democratic party with Mr. GRAY. I did not. being an un-American one, and I do not make that charge now. Mr. TELLER. Then I want to ask the Senatol' another ques­ I do not think that the present Administration is in entire accord tion. If it was not our duty to return the Queen and rein..c;;tatethe with the mass of Democrats in this country on a great many sub­ government that had been destroyed, and if it was our duty to in­ jects. corporate those people with us, did he think, because there had The Senator from Delaware refers to the testimony that was been some conduct that was unseemly or improper, that we should taken by the committee, all of which I suppose every Senator here forever refuse and decline to receive them'( read. I read it with great care. It did not make the impression Mr. GRAY. Nothingihave saidwouldindicatethat I had any upon my mind that it made upon the Senator's. such purpose as that. I want to ~Y that for myself I never in­ Mr. GRAY. I said it did not. tended to conceal the fact that I am not an annexationist. I do Mr. TELLER. It may be that was because, having been edu­ not believe that the policy, traditions, or true interests of t}lis cated in the Democratic party, I had been brought up to believe 1 country are consistent with annexation. I believe that our policy that the Government of the United States was not restricted in its is a continental one, and that we are not called upon by anything authority to this continent, because I had imbibed in my youth in our past history or by anything in the necessities of our situa­ some of the Democratic doctrines that were prevalent then, and tion to step off this continent in a career of colonial aggrandize­ the doctrine which I think was the glory and the strength of the ment. That belongs to a past age; it belongs to other forms of Democraticpartywasthatthisisanationwithpowers equal to any government. It does not belong, in my opinion, as much as I other nation in the world with reference to its dealing with for- may differ from many of my colleagues on this side, to the true • eign nations. interest and proper policy of this .country. The Senator from Alabama [Mr. MORGAN] the other day stated Mr. TELLER. Will the Senator allow me to ask another ques­ that question so admirably that I wanted to congratulate him tion? then for it when he said that our authority in dealing with foreign Mr. GRAY. Certainly. . nations wa-s not derived from the Constitution. Itis derived from Mr. TELLER. Does not the Senator recognize the fact that the prerogative that every ~eat nation has, from the law of na­ prevwu. Democratic Administrations had been in favor of the an­ tions, not from any constitution, and in my judgment notre­ nexation of those islands? stricted by any constitutional provisions whatever. Tha.t is a 1'tf.r. GRAY. Oh, Mr. President-- Democratic doctrine that I learned inthe Democraticpartybefore Mr. TELLER. Does not the Senator recognize the fact that it the Senator from Delaware was old enough to be a member of ba.d been made a marked feature of some capable, able Demo­ that party. It invaded every portion of the Democracy in those cratic Administrations? days. It was proposed to take the Island of Cuba and bring it in :Mr. GRAY. I am not attempting, of com·se, to compare my under our flag. While I would not to-day say that I agree with ,

1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 629

the method by which it was to be obtained, I agreed then and I a paramount commissioner. That i~ all there was in it, Mr. Presi- agree now with the propriety of the United States floating its flag dent. J over that great island and over other islands. , Mr. TELLER. Mr .. President, I do not ·care to prolong this dis­ / The Senator says that when they found that the minister of the cussion. I simply want to say that in looking over all the tes­ United States and the officers connected with the American ship timony, and examining all the facts, I did not find anything as in­ had done eertain things that were so improper it would be very dicated by the Senator from Delaware and the Senator from South bad for us now to annex the islands. When are we to annex them, Carolina. I did not find an act by our minister that was in con­ then? tradiction with the established system of American policy touch­ Mr. GRAY. You will never annex them with my consent. ing such questions. There has never been a time in the history of Mr. TELLER. Never will they be annexed so far as the Senator the American people when there was not a feeling which periaded is concerned; but what do those say who are in favor of annex­ not only the Department of State and the Government, but the ation? You can not do it to-day because the American minister people-that if any government desired tothrowoff a royal powei" did something improper. it should at least be understood that they had our eympathy-- Mr. ALDRICH. Will the Senator from Colorado allow me to Mr. BUTLER. That is all right. interrupt him at that point? Mr. TELLER. And as far as possible our support. Nothing Mr. TELLER. Certainly. 'more than that can' be charge(J. against Mr. Stevens. Until that Mr. ALDRICH. I lmderstood the Senator from Delaware to revolution had been accomplished he did nothing. It maybe that go much further than that. I understood the Senator to say that his presence there and the presence of the ship and the known because the officers of some ship had been there and had com­ sympathy and the desire on the part of the people of the United mitted some indiscretion~in his opinion, therefore, we should send States to incorporate the islands instigated and encouraged the re­ no more ships to those islands. bellion, as the sympathy in this country for republicanism insti­ Mr. GRAY. No; I did not say that. You misunderstood me. gated and encouraged the revolution in France that made it a Ml.·. TELLER. I did not understand the Senator from Dela­ republic. When that revolution had been accomplished, :Mr. ware to say quite that. Stevens, in accordance with the traditions and policy of this Gov­ Mr. GRAY. No. ernment in every Administration, ines12ective of party, said; "We Mr. TELLER. But the Senator said you can not annex the is­ welcome yon into the gove1·nment of nations as enlarging the lands. You can not annex them now under this Administration; area of human freedom. You are getti!li' nearer to what we be­ you can not annex them under the next, because the fact is claimed lleve to be the true system of government, and we will aid you in to exist that we destroyed that Government improperly. Cer­ maintaining peace now if it is necessary." And that iS" all that tainly it can not be done by the next Administration. Therefore it was said or done. is declared here that under no circumstances are those islands ever Mr. President, I did not rise to say anything disrespectful of to become part and parcel of the nation. The Senator does not be­ the Committee on Foreign Relations. I did uot agree with its lieve they ought to be annexed because hedoesnotbelievethepower findings-that is, with a portion of them-and I do not agree with exists. He believes that this is a Government of limited powers them "now. I am not in sympathy with this idea that we are when it deals with foreign nations. I believe it is a Government bound by our local lines. I want the Government of the United of limited powers when it treats concerning domestic a~airs and States to be what it ought to be, what it is entitled to be by virtue domestic affairs.only. I am in strict accord with the great mass of its great population and ,great wealth, a dominant and ruling of Democrats on that question. I am a strict constructionist to a power on the face of the earth. I can not be proud of my fl.ag and large extent. I believe primarily that all the States are to keep my Government unless. that is to be the ca.se. peace and preserve order and transact certain duties of govern­ Mr. GRAY. Before the Senator takes his seat I wish to cor­ ment, the Government of the United States to keep its hands off; rect him in what seems to be his-idea that I had in some way dis­ but when it comes to international questions the States are abso­ puted the power of this Government to annex territory. I did lutely without power, and the power must exist somewhere unless not intend to do so; I do not now; and I did not, I think, in any­ we are to be a nation contemptuous in the eyes of the world. Are thing I said give rise to that implication.· we to have less power than the Republic of France, the Govern­ Mr. TELLER. I accept the Senator's disclaimer. Then it is ment of Germany, or of Great Britain when it comes to dealing only a question with the Senator of policy. with national affairs? Is there an American who wants to feel Mr. GRAY. Of policy. . I that Great Britain may take steps to preserve the peace of the Mr. TELLER. I should antagonize him on that poinbas readily continent south.of us but we could not? as I would on a constitutional question if I cared to continue this Mr. President, in my judgment we are sitting here as thErgreat­ debate. est nation in the world, charged with the duty to see that peace Mr. President, I believe that a great nation which has brought is maintained on our borders, and if it is necessary that we have freedom to the people and has given to the people a Government those islands either to preserve peace at home or abroad, or to that ought to be an ensample and an example to ~he world, is jus­ maintain our commerce or encourage our commerce, then we have tilled in saying t~all ot.her nations, to the people of every part of the right to secure them. The Senator from Delawate puts his the world, "If you choose to throw off your government we will sentiments against the old-time Democrats, like Marcy, a man at not interfere; but if you choose to change your government and whose feet I was bro\lght up, for whom I had the greatest rever­ put yourselr.es in the line with us, you shall hav>e our sympathy. ence and respect as a statesman and a lawyer and a man of great Nay, more, if anybody raises their hands against yon you shall ability, as everyone else had. He believed that we had the right h.ave our support." That ought to be the policy with us. It was to take those islands, and he took steps to buy them and pay for the policy of this Government in the days of which weare proud, them. It is left for the later Administration, the Democratic when the 1\lonroe doctrine was established, that the people of the Administration in its decay, to say that the power does not exist W~stern Hemisphere are the especial

,- 630 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANtr.ARY 4,

Mr. LODGE. I do not know, then, whatthetalk: on the Demo- Mr. PALMER. I presume that at 2 o'clock, as the morning cratic side has been-- \ hour will end, the resolution must go to the Calendar. Mr. BUTLER. We want to refer the r~solution to the Com­ Mr. LODGE. If consent is refused-­ mittee on Foreign Relations. Mr. VEST. Mr. President-- Mr. LODGE. I do not know what the talk by the Senator from. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The junior Senator from lllinois has Delaware pMticularly and the Senator from South Carolina al~o the floor. has been if it is not to turn this resolution away and send it to the Mr. VEST. Will the Senator from Illinois permit me to sub­ Committee on Foreign Relations-- ·mit some reports from the Committee on Commerce? Mr. BUTLER. Certainly. Mr. P ALl!fER, Certainly. Mr. LODGE. Instead of passing it, being a perfectly simple (The reports submitted by Mr. VEST appear under the appro­ resolution which we all understand. pnate heading.] Mr. GRAY. Will the Senator allow me to·state in two words M.A.RITIME CANAL COXPA....~ OF NICA..R.A.GU.A.. all I meant to say? It was that it was an attempt by the Senate The VICE-PRESIDENT. The hour of 2 o'clock having ar­ of the United States to interfere with a purely executi-ve func­ rived, the Chair lays before the Senate the unfinished business, tion; not to ask what had been done, but what was the reason for which is Senate bill1481. an-executive act, which the SenatB has no more right to inquire­ The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the consid­ into than the Executive has to invade the privileges of the Sen~te. eration of the bill (S. 1481) to amend an act entitled "An act to Mr. LODGE. When I :fii-st spoke on the resolution I disclaimed incorporate the Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua," approved particularly any intention of making -any interference with a February 20, 1889, the pending question being on the amendment proper executive act. This is not an attempt at an executive act. proposed by Mr. TURPIE. • It i& a mere inquiry for the reasons on which they have adopted a Mr. MORGAN. Mr. President, when the hour of adjournment certain policy. E-veryone in this country knows that the present arrived yesterday I was proceeding with a line of argument on Administration attempted to restore the royalist Government. this subject which I shall not break by seeking to make a diver­ Every human being knows that the royalist. Government has the sion from it at this moment. sympathy of Great Britain. Everybody kno~s that the present The Senator from Indiana excels as a litetary aJ.·tist in throwing republican Government there has been established; that the roy­ very high lights upon men and things that he desires to destroy alists in Hawaii look toEnglish sympathy for support; that while with invective. English men-of-war are Trept there it has the effect on the minds In this way he has decorated the survey of the swamps of the of the natives of the support of England for the royalist Govern­ Deseado and the breakwater at Grey Town harbor, with the aid ment. We withdraw our ships and it puts in their minds the im­ of the anonymous statement of an unnamed officer of the Navy­ pression that we are leaving the present Government open to attack. one of three unnamed persons who are introduced by the Senatqr It is a repetition, Ml·. President, of the same policy that pnlled down to prove very important statements. He says: the fiag. Now the Administration is taking the flag even out of the It does not seem that the maker of this report ever put an instrument to hru:bor. his eye or took one in his hand with reference to discovering a suitable site Senators on the other side have said that this matt& was closed for the harbor at Grey Town, or for the light-house there. Ai3 to the harbor th9Te, there is but one estimate made and that is of the by the action of the Senate. What was the action of the Senate? seawall. lean not see howtheharbor can be made with a singleseawallany That we would not interfere in the affairs of the Sandwich Islands more than you could fence a field with one line of fence. Naturally it has and that we warned off all other powers. What right have we to three sides. It was a bay surrounded by land on one side at the foot of the all if bay_ and the main continent on the other. Now it is proposed to make a sea warn off other powers from the Sandwich Islands we are not wall on the line of the main shore. That is all that has been proposed to be preuared to meet our own responsibilities there? As to the opinion done. A thousa"!lP feet of that has been made, but it is all that has been sur­ of the people of the United States, it was, to my mind, manifested veyed, that has been thought of, that has been estimated to make a single at the late election on Hawaii, as on everything else that has been line of sea wall. I was talking last night with an officer of theNavy who was there years ago, done by the present Administration. As I said before, I do not when vessels used to go there,. and who is familiar with that locality. I am believe there is anything the American people have more resented going to make a statement perfectly reliable. He says it will cost $10,000,000 than the miserable policy pursued in those islands. A great New to build the harbor-to restore the harbor at Grey Town. York newspaper, the Sun, said, after the election, that the Demo­ And this after it is shown that Menocal spent many months in cratic paTty had committed the fatal error of allowing the Repub­ the service of Nicaragua, surveying the San Juan River and the lican paTty to become once more in the eyes of the people the sole haTbor at Grey Town, and that Professor Mitchell examined it defenders of Americanism and of the American flag. It allowed with great care and repOTted, in its favor, to t\J.e Government, them to become so once before, in 1861, and they held power for and that Major Dutton has examined it, and they all report that twenty-five years. And here we bring in a simple resolution of it can be restored at a low cost. The scouring of the chann& deep­ inquiry and we find the whole Democratic party trying to smother ened it to 14 feet with very slight assistance from dredging. If that it merely because we aTe asking why those ships of war were with­ anonymous officer is an engineer and will submit a statement of that drawn from a place where great American intal'ests are at stake. kind to an examining board, he will probably wait as long for a It is obvious that even the late elections have taught the Demo­ promotion as the Senator desires us to wait for a canal through cratic party nothing. Nicaragua. It is not a sea wall along the line of the shore that Mr. PALMER. Mr. President, it is obvious from the range Menocal projected and the construction cqmpany has built. It this d~bate has taken that the resolution can not be d:tsposed of in is a breakwater extending into the sea, nearly at a right angle to the morning hour. I suggest that it go over until another day. the shore, into deep water. I desire to be heard at some length myself on the very interesting I do not know whether the gentleman named in the follm.\Ting questions, not those involved in the resolution alone, but those colloquy is the same of whom the Senator spoke in his fervid pic­ which have been brought np in this debate. I suggest that 'the ture of Grey Town Harbor: resolution go over. Mr. McPHERSON. What is to prevent these 2 miles of sand bar, when once ' Mr. ALDRICH. And retain its place. dredged eut, from filling up again and requiring redredgingcontinually and perpetually? M1'. rtJ)LISON. Let it go over and we can take it up to-morrow. Mr. TURPIE. There is nothing in the estimates- Mr. LODGE. Yes. 1\Ir. McPHERSON. I understand that; but is there anything in the scientific 1\fr. TELLER. Or the next legislative day. consideration of the case which shows that when once dredged out it will stay dredged out? :Mr. COCKRELL. I do not know. If I can have some appro­ Mr. TURPIE. No, sir. The scientific consideration would show that the priation bilL"> passed this evening the arrangement proposed will 'Channel would fill up immediately. Therefore, there must be a transverse ...... be satisfactory to me. If not, I shall be compelled at 1 o'clock to­ sea wall built out some distance from the entrance, large, strong, and high enough to resist the action of the waves on a very rough coast and to throw morrow to ask the Senate to consider one or two appropriation the sand to one side and the other, so as not to allow it to go into the chaunel. bill , whether the resolution is pending or not. I think they are Mr. MORGAN. I will state to the Senator from New Jersey, if the Senator more important than mf!rely a discussion of the Hawaiian ques- from Indiana will allow me, that since the buildin~ of 1,000 to 1,100 feet of breakwater at the bar of Grey Town Harbor the water has deepened from tion. . 10 to H feet by the scouring of the bottom. An extension of the breakwater Mr. ALLISON. Let me suggest to the Senator from Missoul'i, to reach a SO-foot d13pth of the sea. will deepen the inlet to that depth. the chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, that the.Je is Mr. TURPIE. I will say to the Senator from New J~rsey that there is only one side of this work built, and it is only partially built. There is no water no need of the resolution interfering with appropriation bills. that is over 6 or 8 feet except in pools along the side of this pretended sea I should like myself to make an observation or two upon the res­ wall, which is built of wood. Onlh a steamer of very light draft can go up olution, and I sought the floor for that purpose. I hope there will be unanimous consent that the resolution may go over and al~~ i}g~~~ 1r~uEat;>:~~o~t'i.!~w\he Sena.tor from Indiana on that point, and I will bring the proofs before the Senate when I get the fioor. be continued in the morning hour until disposed of, with the un­ Mr. TURPIE. The Senator from Ala.b::una. can contradict if he wishes. I derstanding that appropriation bills may be called up at any time. have my account of it from a gentleman who wM there last fall. I hope there will be no objection to that course. On tills EjUbject, and as to the whole subject of the canal, its stn-w­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? tures and the estimates of costs, I will refer the Senator to the ]}.fr. GEORGE. I object. following official reporls, as I said I would do, whi~ he will find The VICE-PRESIDENT. There is objection. The Chair had to be a broad contradiction of many of his statements, made on l'ecognized the Senator from Illinois [Mr. PA.LMER]. the information of unnamed persons: r 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. .... 631

(1) Report of Commander E. P. Lnll, United States Navy, on two tributaries. Most of it is of recent ejection a.nd is unconsolidated. So th~ 1872-73, large is the tribute washed into the SanJuan bytheseaffiuents that its lower United States Nicaraguan surveying expeditions of course is through broad reaches of sandy fiats, while above the jnnction ot with drawings and estimated cost of canal. . the San Carlos the river is a clear stream. (2) Report of Prof. Henry Mitchell, United States Coast Survey, The entire coastal plain near the Caribbean and north of the river is largely on the harbors of Grey Town and Brito, 1874. composed of this volcanic &and, and the origin of it is betrayed by its charac­ teristic appearance as the great dredges now at work lift it from the pathway (3) Report of the high co~sion appointed by President G;-ant of tho canal.. In brief, the.,rivers of CosUl. Rica. hav~ for ages been washing to mvestigate the whole subJect of a canal across the Amencan it down from around the volcanic ranges of that country, and the sea has Isthmus, 1879. distributed it along..the coast by the processes that are at work to-2 is characteris~c of the Gulf littoral, and explains m a. large measure the difficulty of keepmg open the passes leading Dredges are needBd to keep open almost every harbor in the to the Gulf ports. But the Caribbean littoral is almost everywhere much United States, and that is not counted as a reason why we should more inclined. and deepens at a rate which is seldom less than 12 fathoms to have no harbors. the mil.:'. It is often much greater, and the steep plunge into deep water is frequently at the shore itself. ._ I can not do any injustice to the Senate by occupying the time The tides in the Caribbean are very small, not often exceeding 12 or 15 that is requisite for opposing to this hearsay and gossip of unnamed inches. men the report of so eminent an authority as Major Dutton, of the The for~oing conditions are the only ones which can readily be formu­ lated in this connection. ·It is apparent that while the general action of the Anny. He visited all these localities and examined them critically winds and waves and the constant discharge of sand from the San Juan tend in connection with Menocal's surveys for the purpose of testing their to form bars and shoals n-orthwardly from the mouth of the river~, there are accuracy and faithfulness and the real merits of his route and his -three conditions which will facilitate the opening of the harbor ana its main­ tenance. The first is the strong slope of the sea bottom offshore. A pier plan for constructing every important feature of the work. In built out to the 6-fathom line will guarantee for a considerable time a suf­ what I will now read it will be seen that he considers and disposes ficient depth for the largest vessels. If shoals were to form ultimately the of every point urged by the Senatorfrom Indiana as to the practi­ pier can be extended. The cost of extendin~ it from time to time, so as to keep pace with the most rapid shoaling that IS h'kely to occur,. will probably cability of the canal and the plan proposed for its construction. be a light matter. Secondly the prob1em is not complicatea by the action I will again remark, however, that this bill does not confine the of the tides. Thirdly, no sediiiient is dischar~ed from the harbor entrance directors of the company or the Government engineers to be ap­ to ag~ravate the deposit,.and the only depoSit to contend with is such as may arift around the end of the pier to be dropped in sl~k water under its pointed by the President to any fixed plan, in any particular, for lee. But the pier itself will have a strong tendency to deflect the silt-b<>..-aring thB construction of the work or any part of it. Any plan or struc­ water seawards to deposit its sand in greater depths before reaching the ture may be adopted under this bill that the directors of the com­ pier. The water which may eddy around the end of the pier may tend to make some deposit. To check this it is proposed to build out a second pier pany and the President of th~United States may approve. northwest of the first and parallel to it. In his official report Major 11utton says: At the time of our visit the main. pier had been begun and extended about 1,150 feet from shore. The details of its structure are simple. The width is THE SURVEYS. 42 feet. Transverse rows or bents of piles, 12 inches each, are driven at inter­ In advance of all great works of construction, and serving as the source of vals of 8 feet between bents, and heavy caps, U by 14 inches, are bolted on. a1l information and opinion, is the survey. On-this subject remarks may be Over these 8.l'e eight" stringers" rUillling lengthwise in the pier. On the few and brief. There is very little t-o be desired in respect to surveys beyond sides of the pier, between bents, the piles are driven as.closely together as what has already been accomplished. They appear to have been thorough and possible, makin~ a virtual inclosure which is designed t-o hold coarse sand nearly exhaustive. Ther. suffice to locate the best route and furnish complete j,itga:i:nst the action of the sea. The sp!lce so jnclosed is filled with whatever information of the quantities of material to be excavated and very nearly com­ material can be obtamed. At present it is sand, but the fu:rther extension plete information as to the charaeter of the material which must be removed. will require more stable material, and this can be obtained only when the ex­ The lines of level have been r epeatedly run and cheeked. The location line cavation in rock begins, some 12 or H miles from the harbor. Pending the and the cpuntry adjacent has been mapped in 5-foot contours controlled by a beginning of rock excavation, therefore, the exten...«ion of the pier has come very large number of level lines actually run and by check levels, and is to a halt.. plotteg on the usual400-foot scale with a degree of accuracy ample for a~ en­ A wing wall about 000 feet in length has been built out from the shore end gineermg purposes. The character of the grounil has been tested by bormgs of the pier on its wind ward side, in order to check any tendency of the sea to wherever excavation will be made to depths fully equal to the proposed ilepth break through the bar, which now incloses Grey Town HarbOr, or to work of· t.he canal. - behind the shore end of the pier. This precaution, however, seems to have The gradient of the San Juan River from the lake to the Caribbean has been unnecessary, as the sea, instead of eating into the bar, has deposited a '-been repeatedly leveled and checked. Soundings -of its bottom ha-ve been large amount of sediment in the angle formed by the pier and the shore line, made along the entire portion of it which is to be canalized, and the character a.nd h.'l.s built out the beach for a considerable diStance. of the bottom ascertained at small intervals. Hydrographic surveys of the The effect of the pier was almost immediate. '.L'he bar on the leeward side coast near Grey Town have aJso been made, as well as of the harbor. On the of the pier was quickly breached by the sea, and a channel was opened which Pacific side the surveys at the time of my visit were far advanced, the pre­ gradually deepened until in the course of a. few months a passage has been liminary ones having been completed and the final ones nearly so. They are made from the harbor to the ocean, H feet deep. admitting vessels drawing -- apparently as thorough and as satisfaetory as those on the Atlantic side. 12 feet of wat(lr. But whether this opening wouln be permanent under the There are only two points in respect to which further survey would seem present condition of the pier is not certain. If the pier were extended further sufficient!¥ desirable to justify its cost. The first of these is a more.thorough out, as far as the 6-fathom line, as is contemjllated, the maintenance of the investigation of the discha.r~ of the San Juan River. AB the handling and -passage might be confidently anticipated at least for some years. AB it now disposal of its waters will mvolve works of great magnitude and cost, it stands, the prospect is not free from doubt. There must be some sand drift seems to me that a very careful measurement of its flow and fluctuations past the end of the pier with a tendency to deposit somewhere, gradually should be made and a. "rating curve" showing the ratio of discharge to changing the character and configuration of the bottom, and i'l; is not impos­ height of water established by measurements maintained for two or three sible that a bar may be formed where it will be an obstruction. A lonoo end protracted storm from the north also might have an adverse effect. &t it Y~!· second point has reference tO the character of the material com­ IS believed that the extension of the pier to its proposed limit would ~ive far posing the mass through which the great eastern divide cut is projected. better security. The results thus far obtained, however, are certainly en­ Present information rests upon borings 1,000 feet apart. In a work of ordi­ couraging, and perhaps more favorable than would have been anticipated by nary magnitude and in ordinary work this would suffice. But as this cut is many before the pier was begun. · the great pi006 de r€lsistance, and as the greater part of the building material That a passage, once opened, ca.n. be maintained seems unquestionable, and of the canal must come from it, and as volcanic -rocks are liable to uncertain­ the only doubts which can be reasonably entertained must be with respect to ties and irregularities equal to if not greater than those met with in meta­ tSe probable expense of maintaining it. On this question conjectures seem J morphics, it seems to me that there is special reason for more than ordinary hazardous. Present indications apperu:favorable to a very moderate expense. minuteness of preliminary investi&"ation. In general the !furveys are most No silt-bearing river discharges its burden at the oute1· end of the channel, satisfactory, refteetiug great credi~ upon the company and its officers and and the only source of sediment which could accumulate an obstruction is that employees. which the sea moves about, and the quantity of this does not appear to be THE RA.RBOR AT GREY TOWN. formidable in view of the tendency of the p1er to throw out seawards the greater portion of the sand which drifts from the Colorado mouth of. the San Forty y~s 3¥-o there was a small but good harbor at Grey Town accessible Juan or which is ur~ alon$" the beach from the windward. Moreover, the to vessels dra.wmg 20 feet of water. The town is situated upon one of the comparatively rapid deepenmg of the water seaward.s will give room for the... delta branches of the San Juan, though even at tha.t time the so-ca.lled Colo­ harmless accumulation of a large mass of sediment which may go on for a rado branch of the delta was the principal mouth. Gradually the harbor has long time without becoming embarrassing:. When it does become so, an exten­ 1illed up and a high and dry sand bar has been formed across the entrance. sion of the pier may be expected to afl'ora a remedy. The town has been practically shut off from the ocean for some years so far There is an obvious necessity for a harbor where vessels may lie in still as access by large vessels was concerned. The cause of the destruction of the water before entering the canal or after leaving it. For this purpose there old harbor was the common one in similar situations-the .Uting of sands is no other resource than the _exca. vation of a large basin in the old har­ along a. lee shore. The Caribbean coast here has an aver~ trend nearly bor of Grey Town, now to considerable extent filled up by sandy deposits. from southeast to northwest. The river has built out a proJection int-o the The. project contemplates the removal of about 6,000,000 cubic yards of this sea hardly pronounced enough to justify the name of a. point, but rather a recent deposit, which will give, it is believed, sufficient accommodations. long bulge in the shore line with a gently curved margin. The northwestern The proposed work offers no difficulty except its large amount. The mate­ side of the bulge is more strongly curved than the northeastern, producing a. rial is chlefl.y sand. To remove it the company had contracted for a self-con­ slight bay or bight, at the hea(l of which was the former entrance of Grey taining dredge built as a. sea-going vessel, with motive power, and provided Town Harbor. with powerful machinery for pumping the sand into its own hold and for The same point approximately has been chosen for the entrance to the discharging it at a safe distance in the Canobean. The depth of the water ca.nal To open and maintain a practicable entrance, the common device of in the harbor will be at least 30feet. It can belllilintained without difficulty, building along je~ normal to the shore line has been adopted. To appreci­ as very little sediment is brought into the basin from any -source. It will not tl.te its expected action it is necessary to glance at the local conditions. This be neces...<>ary to accomplish the entire excavation before canal service is in­ part of the Canobean is in the heart of the trade-wind belt. The direction of augurated. The work may be protracted at a diminished yearly expense this wind is not constant as is frequently supposed, but va:rjes within a wide until the canal is opened, and continued thereafter out of current receipts, angle. But the average fuection may be taken as nearly N. '10° E. The local and the expense then charged to betterments. If the receipts should be trend of the coast line is decidedly oblique with respect to this mean direc­ small it would be because the traffic is small ~q~d a hal'bor smaller than the tion, and the action Qf the waves must result in a snore drift to the north one projected would in that case suffice until the traffic and consequent re­ westward. It must also be continuous as the trade wind itself. The San ceipts became larger . • Juan receives from the San Carlos and Serapiqui a large. amount of coarse It seems to me that the estimate of the quantity of material estimated as volcanic sand. It is the finer ejects. of t.b.e volcanoes of Costa Rica which have removable and chargeable to the first cost of construction might properly be accumulated in widely extended beds in the upper drainage basins of those reduced. .... 632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 4,

It seems to me that any reasonable man should be satisfied with His practical mind and rough•expedences at sea caused him to a statement so clear, iinpartial, and candid coming'f'tom the studies take strong and ea1nest hold of this great subject, the importance of such high scientific authority as Major Dutton. At all events, of which no sound American mind has ever failedto understand. somebody besides Menocal has examined that harbor. He studied the subject broadly and carefully. . The minds of geog­ He says, furthe1·. as to terminal 'facilities: raphers and engineers were confused by the many reconnoissances The'project of tho Nicaragua Canal as now promulgated by the construe that had been made, or partially made, in the Isthmian country, Ition company has been well surveyed, and the surveys furnish the means of and their conflicting claims as to the best route for a canal. forming an opinion of the m erits of the route selected and of the ~ractica­ bility and relative difficulty of t h e constituent parts of the work. :rhey are General Grant appointed Admiral Ammen the chief of a board also sufficient to enable an estimate of the costs, appro:rimating as nearly to of naval officers to investigate the whole subject. They did the a certainty as can be expected in any great engineering work. work very carefully, causing many routes to be examined by 1. The route chosen is believed to be far better than any ever suggested before, involving a much smaller cost of construction, a shorter and for the engineers. The board reached the conclusion th~t only two routes most part a wider and more commodious line, and one which in the distant were available-that at Panama, which our engineers were the future would be able to pass a far greater amount of shipping. It is also a first to survey, and the route through Lake Nicaragua, which safe route as against the danger of destructive floods in a country of very 1850. extensive rainfall (300 inches per annum). Colonel Childs had surveyed, located, and estimated for in The ~ene ral plan of arresting the floods in large basins or artificial lakes, That board decided in favor of the Childs route, which for two­ and spilling them over weirs of very great length or through many sluices of thrrds the distance between the oceans is the same that we now great discharging capacity. must commend itself to every engineer as a com­ plete solution of the flood problem. That it is practicable here is certain. call Menocal's route. Furthermore, it is the least costly way of building a considerable portion of Admiral A.mmen has faithfully supported every plan that has the line, irre:wective of dangers which might menace the works after they been set on foot to open this waterway. His close study of the were built. questions of every sort connected with this canal and his abilities 2. Of the vario;us works projected none, so far as I can find, offer any seri­ ous doubts as to their feasibility. There are only two which may possibly as a navigator and engineer enable .him to advise us as few men involve some debate as to whether they are the best desians which could be can of the advantages and the difficulties that attend a work so suggested. These are the locks of very great lift and the 5choa Dam. With extensive as this. respect to the locks I must disclaim sufficient qualifications to offer an opin­ ion of any value, having had no experience or extensive observation of those · Before qu0ting his opinions, however, I must state for the in­ special works. This much, however, is clear. If, in the opinion of qualified formation of those who have other plans to propose for building engineers, the lifts are too high, it is certainly ~racticable to modify: the proj­ ect and substitute a larger number of locks with smaller lifts. With respect the canal that Admiral Ammen so earnestly recommends, and to to the Ochoa Dam I may perhaps be justified in holding an opinion. That it anticipate the objections of those whose most virtuous thoughts is a novel project in some respects is not to be denied. Yet, withal, I have are prurient with suspicions, that Ad.J:qiral Ammen was one of no doubt that It is practicable, and believe it to be the best method of con­ struction under the circumstances. I find myself, however, after very care­ Menocal's earliest friends and is yet his friend. He was one of ful study, impelled to the conclusion that it will be a considerably larger the number of gentlemen who sen.t Menocal to the Nicaraguan structure, if finished, than the engineers who designed it originally contem­ Government to get the concession. plated. The increased dimensions, however, will not, in my judgment, carry He was ana is a stockholder in the Maritime Canal Company with them an increased cost in the same proportion, for the SaDie reason that in­ creased traffic on a railroad will not involve a corresponding increase in cost of and in the construction company. He paid for his stock out of construction and operation. Nor do I apprehend that any probable increase will the small estate left him as the earnings and savings of a life of be of sufficient extent to call for any increase in the estimate for contingencies. toil, suffering, -and heroic service to his country. Believing that 3. I have given careful study to the estimates of quantities and of costs. In general both appear to be ample. The estimates for the cost of dredging of it would be good stock and would not disgrace him or his family earth and rock excavation seem to be very liberal, after due allowance has in the estimation of any just man, he divided it among his daugh­ been made for the fact that the work must be done at a considerable distance ters as a legacy, in which he thought they would find comfort from the countries of supply, and in a region which of itself can for the present at least supply nothing. Some of the estimates, especially those for when he was gone, and great pleasure in the fact that the gift dredging a.nd for exeavating rock under water, I think excessive, though as . was also a mark of honor that associated their father's name with a whole the estimates seem to be only prudent. Every great and varied this noble enterprise. Yet he and his children have been always work develops, as it progresses, more or less of 1ccessory features not antic­ ipated at the inception, and which are seen to be essential to its highest utility willing, anan'ier 1,500 feet will bring the/ier to a depth of 1 fathoms of water, and the sand of Daden with a ship canal of dimensions that would admit the will no longer be carrie around the pier head, as the wave motion will not passage of our largest war ships. His experience in doubling Cape reach that depth. It was gratifying to see the·ease and rapidity. with which the-.se piles were driven by the use of a water jet attached to the foot of a pile. Horn taught him that the battles we would be compelled to fight Colonel Craighill informed me recently that at the mouth of the Columbia with the storms and mountainous seas of the Antarctic Ocean, iii River he had seen the piers extended 4 miles to seaward on that stormy coast. order to rea-ch our western coasts with our fleets of war ships and No reasonable doubt can exist that Menoca.l's estimate is not quite sufficient to make the harbor at Grey Town. • merchantmen, would cost us many lives and a sum of money From my personal knowledge of the ground pd.Ssed over by me, and the .within one hundred years far greater than is needed to build a excellent surveys made, I have no doubt whatever that the estimate ma~ c-anal through Nicaragua. by the eng~eers above referred to, of $85.000,000, will befoundafull esti.In.l('E:i' r 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. ·633

to complete the canal, and I have a very strong' proof of this. When I was in ing there is no reason why any person of gooc. constitution should not enjoy Nicaragua I met Civil Engineer C. P. Treat, whoalterwardsmade a contract as good health in Nicaragua a~ m any other pa~t of the world. with the company, and completed a railroad frOJ?l Grey Town toward "the A naval officer who has written on the· subJect states that he once com­ divide," of 11 miles in length, over ~.swampy r~gion. Some three years ago manded a ship of war with a large crew that was stationed on ;the coast fo~ Mr. Treat made a formal offer to build the .entire canal from OC6!ID to oce~ five months, during which time he never had more than four men on the sick on the specifications of Menocal and on his figures of cost, whtch were I? list, and not a single death occurred. round numbers $65,000 000, including aco~tinge~tof 25 per cent. Mr. Treat IS • • * • • • • a thoroughly responsible man, and can give satisfactory bonds for any work Observations taken during one year at the town of Rivas gave the following that he contracts for. With these facts before the reader, how vreposterous results: Mean highest temperature, 86° F.; mean lowest, 71 o; mean average is the "estimate" of $400,000,000, as given in the Baltimore Amencan. for the year, 77°; mean range, 15°. The amount of rain which fell from May to November, inclusive, was 90.3 inches; from December to April, inclusive, General Greely, Chief of the Signal Service, has collated the 7.41 inches; total for the year 97.44 inches. · Hail is almost unknown in data respecting the rainfall~ Nicaragua and ~ther Cent:al Amer­ Nicaragua, as are also frost a:;;}J snow, and none of the mountains or vol­ ican States and CaptainScnven, whose re-port IS qttoted m meager canic peaks are high enough tobe liable to a perpetual or even an occasional parts by the Senator from Indiana, makes General Greely's state­ covermg of .snow. Cyclones, hurricanes, and destructive storms, which at certain seru:~ons are so devastating in other countries, never reach this fa­ ments an appendix to his report and approves h~s.conclusions. vored land. It is a remarkable fact that in Nicaragua, although the ba­ This is what General Greely says about the clnnate: rometer varies in one place or the other, according to the altitude, M is natural, in any fixed spot the variation throughout the year is almost inap­ Rainfall data exists for the following four stations in Central America, preciable, so much so as to render it almost useless as an indicator of atmos­ where thlramounts are not excessive_,_ l?eing for the year as follt from other Pil-rts of Nicaragua. ~here ~s really ~o dry construction will have to be abandoned. They know that it will take at least season on the immediate coast re~on, although there IS an m~erruptwn t? one-fourth of the $70,000,000 to build the sea channel and the harbor at Grey the heavy rains from about the rmddle of February to the rmddle of April Town and the 9 miles of sea level, and the moment that is discovered their and throughout the month of September. Rains are excessiv~ from June to particular scheme in the pendin~ bill will give way and their project as such August inclusive, with tl!-e ~ximum in July, when t.he rainfa~ averages 1 38.00 inches. After a respite m September the heavy rams renew m October will be entirely abandoned. It 18 to prevent this discovery, this uncovering; and continue well into January. From the last of January to the early part it is to prevent the bad faith disclosed in the provisions of this bill that oppo­ of April rain intermits along the coast to a considerable extent, and occa­ sition is manifested by the Maritime Canal Company to the construction of sionally several days will pass with no rain whatever. In some years, notably the work and the payment for it in sections. 1891, February and March are almost rainless months, but such a condition is The Senator never mentiOned ttl the committee, of which he is abnormal. . Of necessity, from its geographical situation, Nicaragua is a warm climate, a member, any objection to or criticism of the manner provided the average monthly temperature at Grey Town ranging from 75° in January, in the bill for completing or paying for the work on the canal. the coldest month, to 81 om June, the warmest month. However, the prevar The first I ever heard of such a criticism was from him in the lence for the greater part of the year of the notheast trade winds makes the temperature very endurable, especially in the ahade. course of his speech. If there is any '' bad faith disclosed in the At Grey Town the temperature ~arely rises above 85° or s~s below 70° and provisions of this bill" the committee should have heard of it in three years and four months It exceeded 90° only once, m the month1 of from the Senator, in a minority report, or in some suggestion, October, 1891, when a maximum of 95° occurred. Conversely, the lowest temperature recorded in that period was 65°, in March, 1892. Indeed, while hint, or intimation made in committee. He has utterly failed, Nicaragua is necessarily a warm country, yet, owing to the contiguity of the either in fact or in argument, to raise even a suspicion in any two great oceans, the temperatures are abnormally low and exceedingly human mind, except his own, that any bad faith exists in this bill equable. The temperature conditions which obtain at Grey Town accord closely with those of Rivas in the interior, and,. in fact may be considered that is not disclosed, or that bad faith is disclosed in its provi­ characteristic of the whole of Nicaragua. sions. Untn I find that some other mind is warped by these accu­ sations•! will give no further attention to them. General Greely seems to have been unfortunate ln not finding I believe that it never entered into the mind of man that this the 110 o of heat in the shade in Nicaragua and the suncracks in canal, whieh gets its water supply from a source that is 110 feet this moist country into which the Senator from Indiana seems to above the ocean, could be built and completed in sections, until ha-ve ·stumbled. the conception was evolverl from the mind of the Senator from It seems from these cold facts that'' the engineer " (from Indiana) Indiana. The dam at Ochoa forces all the water into the canal "is hoist upon his 9wn petard," and I leave the Senator from In­ on the east, and that at Tola holds the water in the canal on the diana to the revision •of his hasty statements and for correc­ west of the lake. These dams are in different sections. How can tion by those 'of the authorities he has q:uoted. this reach of 121.64 miles be completed until both these dams are It may be well to add to these statements some extracts from built, and how can this water float a ship through the rock tg~ Repor; of the Bureau of the American Republics for 1892, Bul- '' divides in different sections until they are removed? How can a letin Nb. o1, as follows: . ship rise to the lake level or descend from it until the locks to the It is a common error among persons unacquainted with the country to sup­ east of the lake, which are nearly 150 miles from those to the pose that Nicaragua, being geogravhically a tropical country, must suffer ~r~m excessive heat, and consequently 18 unhealthy for people of northern origm. west of it, are completed? The truth is that while on the low lands of the coast and forests of the plains The rock in these divides is indispensable for building these the climate is tropical, in the higher region it is varied ~nd temi?erate. dams. If the rock was not there it would be necessary to obtain Situated between two great ~ans, the country enJoys an msular regu­ larity of temperature, while the absence of mountains toward the Atlantic it at a great cost from some distant point. coast and the broad\expanse of its lakes permit the trade winds to sweep Tlfe dams at Ochoa and Tola Basin would cost a far -greater across the country and ventilate it so thoroughly as to -produce a climate sum bf3cause of the frequent handling of the material if the canal agreeable to the senses and favorable to health. There are in Nicaragua only two seru:~ons-the wet, called by the natives could be built in sections. winter. and the dry, called summer-but on the Atlantic side these seasons But I will leave this new problem of canal building to surprise are not so well defined. The time of commencement and ending of these or amuse the country rather than detain the Senate on a scheme varies according to locality. On the eastern coast the rainy seru:~on is from June to December, inc-lusive; on the Pacific slope the rains commence about that was not tried at Manchester, Corinth, or Suez, each of which the 15th of May and continue until the 15th of November. The climate of the was built as one work from end to end and not in sections. Caribbean coast is much more humid than that of the Pacific side of the I feel quite sure that on account of the increase_of cost, the loss mountains. The amount of precipitation at San Juan del Norte during the of time and of ·materials in one section that are frequently found to pru:~t year was 29.7 inches. This heavy rainfall and humidity of the atmos­ phere are largely attributable to the dense forests. As the COUlltry is cleared be useful in another, the plan of the Senator was never adopted and brought under cultivation ~his will doubtless meet with a proportiohate by any builders of canals, unless the sections were to be com­ diminution, ru:~ has been the cru:~e in other tropical countries. Even on the hottest IJart of this coast the heat is never oppressive while the pleted simultaneously. No canal company could afford to t.luow trade wmd is blowing, but during calms it is very sultry. The climate, how­ away money in so wasteful a plan. ever, is anything but unhealthful. · The prevailing type of disease appears to The rest of the speech of the Senator is chiefly an explosion of sar­ be a low form of intermittent fever, mild in its character and yielding readily casms, tropes, metaphors, and irony, which resemble bombs.burst­ to simple remedies. In the majority of cases where foreigners suffer from it the cause may be traced to their own imprudence and careless habits of life. ing in air in the direction of a fortress that is out of range of the With ordinary attention to hygienic laws and temperance in eating and drink- mortar or carronade. It rather more resembles the pastime of the ../ 634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . . JANUARY 4,

mischievous boys in our recent holi~ys, when they create a stun­ or to amend a treaty, thougb. he can not comJ)lete one without the ning roar by firing off bunches of Ohinese crackers in a hogshead. consent of the Senate; but ·Congress can repeal a treaty or any There is noise enough for a small battle, but it does not jar a diplomatic engagement while it is still executory. If a treaty stave or a hoop on the baiTel. with these other powers should be necessary to prev-ent injury to The Senator from Indiana, when he found it necessary, in face the United States in connection with the canal or its operations, of the facts, to retreat, at the close of his speech, n·om the high the President and the Senate can make such an agreement as mat­ ground of the constitutional, climatic, physical, engineering, and ters stand. But the purpose of this part of the bill is to confer financial obstructions and impossibilities he had arrayed to barri­ such discretion upon the President as will give lrim power, with­ cade the way to construct this canal, shot a Parthian arrow a~ out the agreement of any other Government, to cause a proper Menocal, but it fell short of the mark. Menocal is still unscathed. supervision of the work on the canal as it progresses, and to stop The attack failed because neither the facts nor any reasonable the supply of money for building it so far as this Government is probabilities tend to show any deficiency or wrongful or improper concerned whenever, in his judgment, sufficient reason exists for act ofbis. such a course, bnt subject to the power of Congress to overrule The Senator is afraid of Menocal's associations, and fears that his action. being interested in the success of the canal .he weuld join the al­ It has not occurred to the Senator from Indiana, the current of leged conspiracy to defeat its completion. He says: whose suspicionB sets heavily against the bill and against all who The amendment which I have had the honor to offer provides that two of advocate it or have &ny faith in any man connected with these these appointees shall be officers of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army. I hav-e no doubt they will be very able, experienced, and two companies, that this power would not have been given to the, skillful me:n,_but that prevents Mr. :Menocal's appomtment. He belongs to President to cut off the money supply from men whose real pur­ the Navy. He is an engineer in the Engineer Corps of the Navy. pose is to keep the work on the canal in progress and not to com- · .Mr. GRAY. A civil engineer? Mr. TuRPm. Yes, sir; a civil engineer. They have a corps there. He be­ plete it for the purpose of making money out of jobs, or in blow­ longs to the Civil Engineer Corps of the United States Navy. The a.mend­ ing gm·geous bubbles, or ill. '~snide" .contracts. ment which I have had the honor to offer provides for the appointment of an This shot at the President's discretionary powers is the last engineer from civil life, but he is not to be interested in the Nicaragua Ca­ nal and is not now to be nor never to have been an employee of the Maritime arrow in the quiver of the Senator from Indiana. It also failed Canal Construction Company or any of its associated corporatioDB. to Teach its high mark, and the bill still stands as the- wm'k of "But that prevents Menocal's appointment,'' the Senator states, sincere men, who have earnestly striven -to do their duty impar­ with evident satisfaction. tially toward this, the most important work of improvement that il.t does not prevent him from bearing off the palm of a great now concerns the people of the United States and of the entire reputation and the thanks of the country, as the disco-verer, ex­ commercial world. plorer, and surveyor of the only ship-canal route that can con­ The Sjjnator from Indiana is a notable scholar; more versed in nect the two oeeans and give to vessels the advantages of safe, the classics, I dare say, than in hydrostatic engineering. He would cheap, and rapid passage, while refreshing their crews in a healthy listen to me, I have no doubt, with interested attention, and even and abundant ca:untry, and cleaning the hulls of-their shlps in with pleasure, if he were he1·e, when I quote a prophecy from a • fresh waters. great poet, made"1:n 1827, about the Nicaraguan Canal. MenocaJ. has lived and worked for this canal during an his years Goethe, the great German poet, wb.o was also a statesman and of ma1illrity, and if he shuuld even die for it he will not regret his the son of a councilor of state, whose large heart comprehended devoti-on to it. With a talent for-diplomacy that would do credit the good of the whole human family, with farseeing recognition t0 a statesman, he secured this splendid concession from Nica­ of -the progress of civilization, thus spoke in plam prose about ragua, under wbieh this canal will be built, if it is ever built. the scheme which the Senator does me the honor to say that I am He ·smoothed the way to a good understanding between Nicaragua much concerned to advance. and Costa Rica, which resulted in the two jealous Republics seat­ I quot-e from the Over1and Monthly:, for January, 1895, and ing their repres(IDtatives at the council table of the same board of must read the very charming preface of the editor of that excel~ directors. While he was -thus enga.ged it is true that he was an lent magazine to the Sena;te. The article 5B en-titled" Goethe's officer of theNavy, as he is now, but hisleave of absence to go on Vision of the Nicaraguan Can.ai." this mission was warmly approved by Mr. Whitney, Secretary of The editor says: the Navy, who knew of and fully understood the object of his I visit to Wwaragua. . PsyChic prophecy is an ex:pression of profound -poetic instinct, and all true and rea.lly jp"eat poetB are ]lro:phetic to the extent to which their thoughts He came back with agreements, -puwers, an"d advantages that are shaped m the ~low of that :mner light which enables them to see-muab. the United States had failed to obtain under General Grant's Ad­ that escapes the VISion of the less g:i'ft6d, to distingaish the false from the ministration, because Nicaragua and Costa Rica were not then true in life, the dross from -the gold, "and to give airy nothings a local habita.tion and A na.me." Goethe was such A poet. He conld not only people in amicable relations. They are now; and Menocal's -mission has tlle air with beings of his own creation, .but with .inspired deduction forecast much to do with this happy result. These honors will not be events .affecting the praatical aJiairs of earth. ln.Pl'oof of this, note w.ha.tthe denied to him because the Senator from Indiana may seek. to d3.s­ poet said nearly seventy years ago con.cerning a ship canal througb. Nica­ rag-ua, and the upbuilding of the Pacific State . The extract is taken from qu3lify him and all the officers of the Navy for this work in order •• ConverSirlions of Goethe withEckermann and Soret," pages22Z-:i23,and !'eads to tp-revent Mfm.ocal from being .selected by the President as one of as follows; the engineers. - "February 21, 1827.-Dined with Goethe. He !UJOke much and with adm.h-a­ The Senator, to secure this and other ends, wouldalsotakefrom tion of Alexander von "Humboldt, whose work on Cuba and Colombia he had begun to road, and whose views as to the project for making a passage through thB President all discretion in anything he may find to do in any the Isthmus of Panama appea:red to have a-particular interest for him. matter connected with the canal. He says: " 'Humboldt1' said Goethe, 'has, with a great knowledge of his subject, I think it would be u. very dangerous power under the -provisions of the bill giv-en otheJ.' pomts where, by making use of somelitreams which flow into the pending to leav-e it wholly in the discretion of the President to determine Gulf of Mexico, the end may be perhaps better attained than at Panama. wbe.ther he would or would not go on with the enterprise. He wonld not be All this is r eserved for the future and for an enterprising spirit. So much, without a variety of influences around him, and it would be im-possfble-even however, is certain, that if they succeed in cutting such a canal the hips of • for the most .honest and honorable man, where interests were so vast, to deter­ any burden and size can be navigated through it from the Mexican Gulf to the mine perhaps even to his own satisfaction what his action should be. It is a Pacific Ocean, immeasurable benefits would result to the whole human race, power too large to be committed even to the President of the United S.tates, civilized and uncivilized. But I should wonder if the United States we-e to and as it concerns every citizen of the United States, and as the bill proposes, let an opportunity escape of getting such a work into their own hands. It as any bill would, the taxation of every citizen of the United States for the may be foreseen that this young State, with its decided predilection to the construction and support of this canal, I think that Congress, the representa­ West, will, in thirty or forj;y years, have occupied and peopled the large tract tive of that citizenship, Members and Senators, the personal and political of land beyond the Rocky Mountains. It may, furthermore, be foreseen that agents of the citizens of the United States, should alone determine and alone along the whole coast of the Pacific Ocean, where nature has .already formed have the discretion to d etermine whether, after the survey and estimate are the most ca"{>acious and secure ha.rbors, important commercial towns will 'i made, the canal enterprise ought to be further prosecuted. • gradually an.se, for the furtherance of a great intercourse between Ohina and . the East Indies and the United Stat-es. In such a case lit would not only be This play to the galleries will not probably flatter the people desirable, bnt almost necessary, that a more rapid communication shonld be into a want of confidence toward our Chief Executive or who­ maintained between the eastern and western shores of North America., both ever may succeed him in his office. Without lodging such dis­ by merchant ships and men-of-war, than has b.itherto been possible with the tedious, disa~eeable, and expensive voyage around Cape Horn. I therefore cretion ·in the President and without employing his diplomatic repeat, that 1t is absolutely indispensable for th4t Umted States to effect a powers in an emergency we would probably soon reach some passage from the Mexican Gulf to the Pacific Ocean, and I am .certain that point of disagreement with the two other Governments that they will do it. Would that I might live to see it, but I shall not. I should like to .see another thing, the junction of the Danube and the Rhine. But would embarrass if it did not stop the work. But I will not go this undertalting is so gigantic that I have doubts of its com11letion, particu· over this ground again. No event in our history suggests to me larly when 1 consider our German resources. And, thirdly and lastly, I the necessity for thus abridging the plain constitutional functions should wish to see England in possession of a canal through the Isthmus of Suez. Would I could live to see these three great wor"ks. It would be worth of the President. the trouhle to last some fifty years more for the purpose.' " The stiff, unbending rigidity of an act of Congress thus designed to supplant and usurp the usual functions of the Executive are not 1\Ir. MITCEELL of Oregon. I desire to submit some remarks appropriate to or useful in conducting such relations with Nica­ on the pending measure. I can go on now or I will suit the con­ ragua. and Costa Rica as we will hold under their concessions and venience of the Senate by going on either to-morrow or Monday. under this "!Jill for their execution. Mr. TELLER. I understand the chairman of the Committee on Congress can not order or direct the President to make a treaty · Appro,priations desires to call np some appropriation bills. 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.· ' 635

Mr. MORGAN. He desires to eall up the bill making .a_ppro:­ The next amendment was, on page 5, to strike out the proviso priations for the Military Academy at West Point. beginning in line 5, in the foUowi:ng words: Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon. I am perfectly willing to yield for Provided, That the detachments of enlisted men at the Military Academy, that purpose. heretofore designated as the General Army Service, Quarterm'\Ster's Depart­ ment, and the cavalry detachment shaJl be .fixed at such numbers, not exceed· Mr. MORGAN. I ask the Chair to lay befoTe the Senate that ing 215 enlisted men in both detachments, as in the opinion of the Secretary bill. of War the necessities of the public service may from time to time require. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Hm.TTON in the chair). The The amendment was agreed to. bill will be read by title. The next amendment was, on page 9, line 18, after the word The SECRETARY. A bill (H. R. 8125) making appropriations "sums," to insert "for the ·department of ehem.istry, mineral­ for the support of the Military Academy for the fiscal yeaT ending ogy, and geology;" so as to make the clause read: June 30, 1896. For the repairs and additions to electric, magnectic, pneumntic,_thermic, Mr. MORGAN. That bill is to betaken up, as is ordinarily the and optical apparatus, $500: Provided, That any of the above-named sums for rnle with appropriation bills, by unanimous consent and without the department of chenrisb·y, mineralogy, and geology not expended for the prejudice to the regular order. purposes named, may be .expended for 'fittings of the chemica.I rooms of the Mr. J\ITTCHELL of 0Tegon. I understand that I will be en­ new Academy building. titled to the floor when the pending bill again comes before the The amendment was agreed to. . Seru;.4..e. The next amenfunent was, on page 11, at the beginning of line Mr. MORGAN. Yes; the Senator from Oregon is entitled to 9, to insert "For department of law;" so as to make the clause the floor on the unfinished business. The Senator from Florida read: (l!r. CALL] will take charge of the appropriation bill, I1lllder­ For department of law: For stationery, text-books, books of reference, and books for use of iJ:lstructors, and for repairing and binding same and furni­ stand. ~o for office, ~50j -and hereafter there may be assigned io the department Mr. CALL. I ask that the bill may be taken up. of law one assistanL professor. Mr. ALLISON. I hope the Senator from Missouri will now The amendment was agreed to. move that when the Senate adjourn to-day it be to meet on Mon­ The next .amendment was, on page 14, line 21, after the word day next. "for," to strike out "gas, coal,'J and insert "gas-coal;" s

Comparative slatement showing the appropriations for 1895, the estimates f01' Mr. HAWLEY. I have no objection to that. 1896, the amounts p1·ovided by the House bill, and the amounts recommended • by the Senate Committee on Appropriations for 1896. ' The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment. Mr. GORMAN. I ask that the bill may lie over until Monday next. Object. Appropria· Estimates, House bill, c~~ tions, 1895. 1896. 1896. tee, 1896: The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. PETER GRANT STEWART. PAY. Mr. MITCHELL of Oregon.~ I ask unanimous consent for the Pay of the _!filitary Academy .. $233, 223. 'iS $313, 052. 01 $282, 712. 01 $235, 879. 01 present consj.deration of a private bill which was laid over 'just before the expiration of the last session. I think there will be no CURRENT AND ORDINARY EX- PENSES. objection to it. It is the bill (S. 118) for the relief of Peter Grant Stewart, of Oregon. Repairs and improvements .... 16,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Fuel and a~ratus ...... ------20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 20,000.00 -- Gas pipes, tures, lamp-posts, Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It directs the Secretary of etc----.. --~------. 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 the Treasury to pay to Peter Grant Stewart, of Gervais, Oreg., Fuel for cadets' mess hall, $7,500, in full for property owned by him and taken by the United shops, and laundry------3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 Postage and telegrams------·-- 250.00 250.00 250.00 250.00 States, and included within the military reservation near the 800.00 8QO.OO 800.00 800.00 mouth of the Columbia River, in Pacific County, in the State of ~~~n~~latioii- ·;r-m&ieriaC Wa-shington, taken under and by virtue of an executive order disc~arged cadets, etc ...... 1, 750.00 1, 750.00 1, 750.00 1, 750.00 Printing and binding------1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 dated Washington, D. C., February 26, 1852. Clerk to disbursing officer and The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered quartermaster------1,350.00 1,500.0Q 1,350.00 1,350.00 to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Clerk to adjutant in charge of cadet records------1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 DONATION OF CANNON TO ALLEGHENY .AND PITTSBURG, P.A.. Clerkl adjutant ...... ------1,000.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 Mr. QUAY. I ask unanimous consent for the present consider­ Clerk treasurer ...... ------.. 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500. 00 Clerk to quartermaster------1,000.00 1,200.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 ation of the joint resolution (H. Res. 97) donating two obsolete Department of cavalry, a.rtil- cannon to the cities of Allegheny and Pittsburg, Pa. It is a b'rief lery, and infantrr. tactics .... 2,41!0.00 1,840.00 1,840.00 1,840.00 resolution and will occupy but a moment. DepartmeJ?-t of !JiVll and mill- tary engmeermg ------1,256.00 2, 700.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Department of natural and ex- Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution. perimental philosophy ...... 2,500.00 2,500.00, 2,500.00 2,500.00 The joint resolution was reported to the Senate without amend­ Department of instruction in mathematics ______.... 350.00 250.00 250.00 250.00 ment, ordered to a third reading, read t~e third time, and passed. De~rtment of history, geogra.- EXECUTIVE SESSION. p y,and ethics------150.00 550.00 550.00 550.00 Department of chemistry, min- Mr. COCKRELL. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ eralogy, and geology ...... 2,780.00 2,930.00 2,780.00 2,780.00 sideration of executive business. Department of drawing ...... 1,450.00 1, 730.00 1, 730.00 1, 730.00 Department of modern Ian- The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded tothecon­ guages...... ------4.45.50 350.00 " 350.00 350.00 sideration of executive business. Aft¥ twenty minutes spent in Department of law------350.00 250.00 250.00 250.00 executive session the doors were reopehed, and (at 3 o'clock and Department of practical mill- tary engineering ...... ------1,200.00 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,200.00 55 minutes p.m.) the Senate adjourned until Monday, January Department of ordnance and . 7, 1895, at 12 o'clock m. gunnery------4,380.50 7,180.50 7,180.50 7,180.50 Stationeryfortreasurer'soffice 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 Extra pay of enlisted men ..... 2,136.60 2,136.60 2,136.60 2,136.60 NOMINATIONS. Expenses of Board of Visitors, Executive nominations received by the Senate Jan1(,ary 4, 1895. , , including mileage ------...... 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 3,000.00 UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS. Total, current and ordi- Frank Clark, of Florida, to be attorney of the United States for nary expenses ...... ---- 73,098.60 81,867.10 80,467.10 80,467.10 the southern district of Florida, vice Owen J. H:Summers, de­ Miscellaneous items and inci- ceased. dental expenses ...... 27,540.00 29,810.00 29,310.00 29,310.00 Buildings and grounds ...... 72,672.70 1M,319.55 69,437.55 74,401.'55 John W. Beekman, of New Jersey, to be attorney of the United Sta~for the district of New Jersey, vice HenryS. White, whose Total, Military Academy_ 406,535.08 579,048.66 461,926.66 466,890.66 term expired August 22, 1894. The nominee was nominated to the Senate for above-named posi­ Total of Military Academy acts for the fiscal years 1882 to 1895, inclusive. tion on August 24, 1894. The Senate did not a.ct on the nomina­ to 28,1894, 1882.------$322, 4'35. 37 1889.------$315,043.81 tion. He was appointed the position on August during 1883.------335,557.04 1890 .. -·------902,766.69 the recess of the Senate. 1884.------____,_ ------318,657.50 1891..------435,296.11 PROBATE JUDGES •• 1885.------314,563.50 1892.------402,064.64 1886.------·------310,021.64 Joseph Judd, of Utah Territory, to be judge of probate in the 1887------297,805.00 1895.i~~~ ....•==~= ==== ••. .••.=~~~==== ...... ==~===== . .... ~:ill:406,535. OSrJ county. of San Pete, in the Territory of Utah, vice William K. 1888 ... ------·-- ---·-- ---·-- 419,936.93 Reid, resigned. ' PENSION APPROPRI.A.TION BILL. L. M. Olson, of Utah Territory, to be judge of. probate in the Mr. GORMAN. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ county of Carbon, in the Territory of Utah, as provided by sec­ sideration of House bill 8092, being the pension appropriation bill. tion 19, chapter 397, volume 24, laws 1887, United States Statutes -.' The motion was agreed to; and' the Senate, as in Committee at Large. of the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill (H. R. 8092) making UN,ITED STATES CONSULS. appropriations for the payment of invalii and other pensions of Herbert Wolcott Bowen, of New York, now consul at Barce­ the United States for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1896, and for lona, Spain, to be consul-general of the United States at that place. . other purposes. Andrew J. Patterson, of Tennessee, to be consul of the United The bill was read. States at Demerara, British Guiana,.... to fill a vacancy. • Mr. HAWLEY. Mr. President, there are only two members of. SURVEYOR OF CUSTOMS. the Pension Committee here. I am one of them, and the Senator from Maryland [Mr. GoRMAN] is the other. Of course I ought William S. Collins, of Massachusetts, to be surveyor of · cus­ to know everytb.4lg, and I am legally supposed to know all these toms for the port of Springfield, in the State of Massachusetts, to things, but I did not know that this bill was likely to come up; succeed Henry L. Hines,,whose term of office has expired by lim­ indeed, I did not know, as a matter of fact, that it had been reported. itation. I think there are some members of the Committee on Pensions COMMISSIONERS OF IMMIGRATION. who want to say something upon the general subject of pensions, William H. Ruby, of Maryland, to be commissioner of immi­ and who are expecting to do so. The bill is short, and I do not gJ.'ation at the port of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, in ac­ suppose it will take a great deal of time whenever it is called up, cordance with the act of Congress approved August 18, 1894. nor do I know any special necessity for its passing to-day, Friday. Walter P. Stradley, of Califo1'Ilia, to be commissioner of immi­ It might just as well go over until Monday, and I ask that the gration at the port of San Francisco, in the State of Californ_ia, in bill go over. accordance with the act of Congress approved August 18, 1894. Mr. GORMAN. As a matter of course. if the Senator from Tlfomas F. Delhanty, of Massachusetts, to be commissioner of Connecticut desires to discuss the bill, it may go over until Mon­ immigration at the port of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, day. in accordance with the act of Congress approved August 18, 1894. Mr. COCKRELL. I hope the Senator will allow the bill to be Joseph H. Senner, of New York, to be commissioner of immi­ reported to the Senate, and then it will be open for discussion and gration at the port of New York, in the State of New York, in ac-­ 'amendment before final action. cordance with the act of Congress approved August 18, 1894.

(. 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 631

John J. S. Rodgers, of Pennsylvania, to be commissioner of im­ Leonard 0. Cobb, to be postmaster at Winthrop, in the county migration at the port of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, of Kennebec and State of Maine, in the place of Charles D. Wood, in accordance with the act of Congress approved August 18, 1894. whose commission expired December 6, 1894. William J. Bradbury, to be postmaster· at Fairfield, in· the PROMOTION IN THE ARMY. county of Somerset and State of Maine, in the place of Simon Judge-Advocate-General's Department. Merrill, whose commission will expire January 19,1895. Susan G. Stephenson, to be postmaster at Togus, in the county Col. G. Norman Lieber, assistant judge-advocate-general, to be of Kennebec and State of Maine, the appointment of a postmaster judge-advocate-general, with the rank of brigadier-general, Jan­ for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President nary 3, 1895, vice Swaim, retired from active service. on and after J amiaYy 1, 1894. PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. Daniel E. Kean, to be postmaster at Cumberland, in the county Lieut.. Commander Franklin Hanford, to be a commander in the of Allegany and State of Maryland, in the place of John Schiller, Navy from the 30th of September, 1894, vice Commander William removed. A. Morgan, retired. .Alexander Norris, to be postmaster at Bel Air, in the count-y of Passed Assistant Engineer Robert W. Galt, to be a chief engi­ Harford and State of Maryland, in the place of Richard E. Bouldin, neer in the Navy froni the 26th of December, 1894, vice Chief En­ whose commission will expire January 6,1895. gineer Andrew J. Kiersted, retired. (Subject to the examination Ermina L. Evans, to be postmaster at Ashburnham, in the required by law.) · county of Worcester and State of .Massachusetts, her commission Assistant Engineer Harry G. Leopold, to be a passed assistant having expired December 6, 1894. engineer in the Navy from the 26th of December, 1894, vice Elizabeth Donohue, to be postmaster at East Tawas, in the county Passed Assistant Engineer Robert W. Galt, p~omoted. of Iosco and State of Michigan, in the place of Mary A. White, whose commission expired December 20, 1eJ)3. POSTMASTERS. Edward Fay, to be postmaster at Moorhead, in the county of James V. Long, to be postmaster at Petaluma, in the county of Clay and State of Minnesota, in the place of William H. Davy, Sonoma and State of California, in theplace of James H. McNabb, whose commission will expire January 9, 1895. whose commission expired June 14, 1894. Frank J. Gove~ to be postmaster at Madelia, in the county of W. S. Dudley, to be postmaster at Healdsburg, in the county of Watonwan and State of Minnesota, in the place of Charles G. Sonoma and State of California, in the place of Joseph B. Prince, Mullen, whose commission will expire January 9, 1895 . • whose commission expired December 13, 1894. JohnS. Preston, to be postmaster at Shelbina, in the county of Frank L. Wingard, to be postmaster at Long Beach, in the Shelby and State of Missouri, in the place of Albert F. Huggins, county of Los Angeles and State of California, the appointment whose commission expired August 13, 1894. of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested George W. Rucker, to be postmaster at Brunswick, in the county in the President on and after October 1, 1894. of Chariton and State of J.iissouri, in the place of Charles R. Lus­ JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. ter, whose commission will expire January 7, 1895. John C. Kesterson, to be postmaster at Fairbury, in the county Robert W. Best, of the District of Columbia, to be justice of the of Jefferson and Stat-e of Nebraska, in the place of Albert F. Smith, peace in th~ District of Columbia (to beassigned to Brightwood), whose commission will expire January 9, 1895. vice A. G. Osborn, whose term expired August 22, 1894. Fred. A. Barker, to be postmaster at Keene, in the county of POST:MASTER3. , Cheshire and State of New Hampshire, in the place of Fred. E. John C. Allan, to be postmaster at Aspen, in the county of Pit­ Barrett, whose commission expired December 13, 1894. kin and State of Colorado, in the place of Jrunes Garrahan, re­ Frank E. Ran<4ll, to be postmaster at Pittsfield, in the county moved. of M;_errimack and State of New Hampshire, in the place of Charles Edward M. Wells. to be postmaster at Stratford, in the county W. Martin, deceased. of Fairfield and State-of Connecticut, in the place of George H. Josiah Butler, to be postmaster at Frenchtown, in the county Spall, whose commission expired December 6, 1894. of Hunterdon and State of New Jersey, in the place of Thomas William M. Denton, to be postmaster at Dalton, in the county Palmer, whose commission expired October 1,1894. of Whitfield and State of Georgia, in the place .of Elizabeth Tay­ William J. Harrison, to be postmaster at Lakewood, in the lor, whose commission expired December 11, 1894. county of Ocean and State of New Jersey, in the pl~;~oce of Albert Charles E. Axt, to be postmaster at Odell, in the county of Liv­ M. Bradshaw, whose commission expired December 23, 1894. ingston and State of illinois, in the place of Emmett L. Jones, William White, to be postmaster at Manasquan, in the county whose commission will expire January 6, 1895. of Monmouth and State of New Jersey, in the place of Benjainin Frederick M. Mead, to be postmaster at Marengo, in the county B. Pearce, whose commission expired December 11,1894. , of McHenry and State of illinois, in the place of John Q. Adams, Charles J. Swain, to be postmaster at Nunda, in the county of whose com.miSsion will mrpire January 9, 1895. Livingston and State of New York, in the place of Homer E. Levinus L. Stark, to be postmaster at Wheaton, in the county Elwood, removed. of Dupage ari.d State of illinois, in the place of Marcellus E. Jones James Walling, to be postmaster at Victor, in the county of whose commission expired December 6, 1894. Ontario and State of New York, in the place of David A. Mc­ Andrew Wasem, to be postmaster at Mount Vernon, in the Vean, whose commission will expire January 6, 1895. county of Posey and State of Indiana, in the place of Manuel Michael J. AlWn, to be postmaster at Lorain, in the county of Cronbach, resigned. Lorain and State of Ohio, in the place of Thaddeus W. Fancher, Frank M. Berry, to be postmaster at Mtiscogee, in the Creek whose commission expired December 13, 1894. Nation, Indian Territory, in the place of Frank C. Hubbard, re­ Kora F. Briggs, to be postmaster at Tiffin, in the county of Sen­ moved. eca and State of Ohlo, in the place of W..:illiam H. Gibson, de­ Patrick H. Judge, to be postmaster at De Witt, in the county of ceased. Clinton and State of Iowa, in place of John T. Waters, whose Benjamin Dennie, to be postmaster at Toronto, in the county of commissipn expired September 9, 1894. Jefferson and State of Ohio, in the place of FrederickKragi, whose Martin D. Madden, to be postmaster at Lyons, in the county of commission expired October 1, 1894. . Clinton and State of Iowa, in place of ValentineS. Nelson, whose Daniel H. Gaumer, to be postmaster at Zanesville, in the county commission expired September 27, 1894. of Muskingum and State of Ohio, in the place of David J. Rich­ F. M. Narum, to be postmaster at Eldora, in the county of Har­ ards, whose commission expires January 31, 1895. den and State of Iowa, in the place of Aaron Porter, whose com­ M. l!.i. Miskall, to be postmaster at East Liverpool, in the county mission will expire January i9, 1895. of Columbiana and State of Ohio. iil the place of Hezekiah L. William A. Simmons, to be postmaster at Mapleton, in the Simms, whose commission will expire Jannl!ry 19, 1895. county of Monona and State of Iowa, in the place of Slathiel Ary, Gustine ::M:. Russell, to be postmast..:~r at Plain City, in the county whose commission expired December 6, 1894. of Madison and Sta.te of Ohio, in the pla~e of Carleton A. Horn, Joseph H. Unangst, to be postmaster at Marion, in the county whose commission expired October 1, 1894. of Linn and State of Iowa, in the place of Samuel Daniels, whose W. Fletcher Horn, to be postmaster at Grants Pass, in the commission expired December 18, 1894. couniJfof Josephine and State of Oregon, in the place of Nathan George M. Talbott, to be postmaster at Bardstown, in the county P. Dodge, whose commission expired December 11, 1894. of Nelson and State of Kentucky, in the place of J. J. Irvine, Thomas J. Stites, to be postmaster at .Albany, in the county of whose commission expired December 23, 1894. Linn and State of Oregon, in the place of Thomas Monteith, re­ Gaston A. Druilhet, to be postmaster at Jeanerette, in the pa.rish signed. of Iber:ia and State of Louisiana, the appointment of a postmaster Mae E. Eakin, to be postmaster at Emlenton, in the county of for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President Venango and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of Thomas J. on and after January 1, 1895. Eakin, deceased. William L. Erwin, to be postn?-aster at Plaquemine, in the parish Alfred H. Hill, to be postmaster at Hughesville, in the county of Iberville and State of Louisiana, in the place of Charles E. of Lycoming and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of Theodore Dupuy, whose commission expired April30, 1894. A. Boak, resigned. 638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JANUARY 4,

George H. Martin, to be postmaster at Hazleton, in the county ment of a postmast,er for the said office having, by law, become of Luzerne and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of Elliott P. vested in the President on and after January 1, 1895. !Qsner, resigned. John Barbour, to be postmaster at Tabor, in the county of Fre­ Harry L Moser, to be postmaster at Schuylkill Haven, in the mont and State of Iowa, the appointment of a postmaster for the county of Schuylkill and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of said office having, by law, become vested in the President on and George F. Dengler, whose commission expired ·December 9, 1894. after JanuarY-1, 1895. W.H. Voss, to be--postmaster at East Stroudsburg, in the county John F. Huntington, to be postmaster at Oakland, in the county , of Monroe and State of Pennsylvania, in the place of MichaBl M. of Pottawattamie and State of Iowa, the appointment of a post­ Kistler, whose commission expired October 1, 1894. - master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Mary L. Egleston, to be postmaster at Wi.nniboro, in the county President on and after January 1, 1895. · of Fairfield and State of South Carolina, in the place of Dn Bose Henry A. Lieb, to be postmaster at Alton, in the county of Egleston, deceased. Sioux and State of Iowa, the appointment of a postmaster for the J. T. Gaines, to be postmaster at Paris, in the county of Lamar said office having, by law, become vested in the President' on and and State of Texas, in the place of Elmore A. Russell, whose after January 1, 1895. commission expired December 6, 1894. James B. Lower, to be postmaster at Scranton, in the county Joseph E. Nuhn, to be postmaster at New Braunfels, in the of Greene and State of Iowa, the appointment of a postmaster for county of ComaJ and Sta~ of Texas, in the place of Herman Seele, the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on whose commission will expire January 9,1895. and after January 1, 1895. , John M. Ba,er, to be postmaster at Appleton, in the county of Clint L. Price, to be postmaster at Wapello, in the county of Outagamie and State of Wisconsin, in the place of Frank W. Har­ Louisa and State of Iowa, -the appointment of a postmaster for riman, whose commission expires January 9, 1895. the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on Frank L. Clarke, to be postmaster at Augusta, in the county of and after January 1, 1895. Eau Claire and State of Wisconsin, in the place of Charles A. Stephen A. Smith, to be postmaster at Hartley, in ·the county Kirkham, whose commission expired September 27, 1894. of o~Brien and ·state of Iowa, the appointment of a postmaster for Charles D. Eastman, to be postmaster at Plymouth, in the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on and county of Sheboygan and State of Wisconsin, in the place of Mi­ after January 1, 1895. ' chael Sweet, whose commission expired September 30,1894. Alfred Southworth, t.o be postmaster at Braintree, in the county Vandy J. Kratochwill, to be postmaster at Boscobel, in the of Norfolk a.nd State of Massachusetts, the appointment of a post­ county of Grant and State of Wisconsin, in the place of Libbens master for said office having, by law, become vested in the Presi­ Muffley, whose commission will expire January 6, 1895. ' dent on and after January 1, 1895. Roderick McGregor, to be postmaster at River Falls, in the Philip Caselberg, to be postmaster at Grand Rapids, in the county of Pierce and State of WisconsinJ. in the place of George county of It.asca and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a E. Reed, whose commission exph·ed December 23, 1894. postmaster for said office having, by law, become vested in the T. E. Ryan, to be postmaster at Waukesha, in the county of President on and after January 1, 1895. Waukesha and State of Wisconsin, in the place of Frank H. Put- Patrick McKeon, to be postmaster at Rush, in the county of ney, whose commission will expire January 27, 1895. · Chisago and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a postmaster Charles H. Shaw, to be postmaster at Wauwatosa, in the county for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President of Milwaukee and State of WISconsin, in the ·place of George H. on and after January 1, 1895. Fowler, whose com.m.ission expired July 12, 1894. Alex.ander A. McLaughlin, to be postmaster at Kenyon, in the Thomas Stone, to be postmaster at Menomonee, in the county county of Goodhue and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a of Dunn and State of Wisconsin, in the place of. Ole P. Stenerson, postmaster for the said office having, bylaw, become vested in the whose commission expired December 6, 1894. President on and after January 1, 1895. Carl Zillier, to be postmast~r at Sheboygan, in the county of William C. Nash, to be postmaster at East Grand Forks, in the Sheboygan and State of Wisconsin, in the place of William J. county ot-J>olk and State of Minnesota, the appointment of a post­ M2Jlman, whose commission expired December 23, 1894. master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Mary E. Bostwick, to be postmaster at Blackhawk, in the county President on and after January 1, 1895. · of Gilpin and State of Colorado, the appointment of a postmaster Bruno Poppitz, to be postmaster at Heron, in the county of for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President Jackson and State of :Minnesota, the appointment of a postmaster on and after January 1, 1895. for the said office having, bylaw, become vested in the President Albert Gillinger, to be postmaster at Florence, in the county of on and after January 1, 1895. Fremont and State of Colorado, the appointment of a postmaste1· :Moses H. McSpadden, to be postmaster at Salem, in the county for the said office haying, by law, become vested in the President of Dent and State of Missouri, the appointment of a postmaster on and after January 1, 1895. for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President John C. Richard, to be postmaster at Starke, in the county of on and after January 1, 1895. - Bradford and State of Florida, the :q>pointment of a postmaster Charles Richardson, to be postmaster at Wisner, in the county for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President of Cmning and State of Nebraska, the appointment of a post­ on and afte1· January 1, 1895. · • master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the William J. Witherspoon, to be -postmaster at Madison, in the President on and after January 1, 1895. county of Madison and State of Florida, the appointment of Henry A. Connolly, to be postmaster at Nutley, in the county of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in Essex and State of New Jersey, the appointment of a postmaster the President on and after January 1, 1895. for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President Oharles F. Dusenbury, to be postmaster at Eatonton, in the on and after January 1,1895. county of Putnam and State of Georgia, the appointment of a B. Frank Bennett, to be postmaster at Schenevus, in the county postmaster for the said office having, bylaw, become vested in the 9f Otsego and State of New York, the appointment of a -postmas­ President on and after January 1, 1895. ter for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Presi­ Vivian L. Stanley, to be postmaster at Dublin, in the county of dent on and after January 1, 1895. Laurens and State of Georgia, the appointment of a postmaster Charles R. Crosby, to be postmaster at Portland, in the county for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President of Chautauqua and State of New York, the appointment of a on and after January 1, 1895. postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Lewis Gowen, to be postmaster at Lawrenceville, in the county President on and aftBr January 1, 1895. \ of LaWrence and State of Illinois, the appointment of a postmaster Lemuel Mathewson, to be postmaster at Avoca, in the county for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President of Steuben and State of New York, the appointment of a post­ on and after January 1, 1895. master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Stephen R. D. Palmer, to be postmaster at Astoria, in the county President on and after January 1, 1895. of Fulton and State of Dlinois, the appointment of a postmaste.r Frank Nichols, to be postmaster at Athens, in the county of for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President Greene and State of New York, the appointment of a postmaster on and after January 1, 1895. - for the said office.having, by law, become vested in the President William I. Beasley, to be postmaster at Linton, in the county of on·and after January 1, 1895. . • Greene and State of Indiana, the appointment of a postmaster for Charles F. Wright, to be postmaster at New Berlin, in the the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on county of Chenango and State of New York, the appointment of ·and after January 1, 1895. a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in Martin M. Herr, to be postmaster at Geneva, in the county of the President on and after January 1, 1895. ·Adams and State of Indiana, the appointment of a postmaster for Dow B. York, to be postmaster at Smithville, in the county of the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on Jefferson and State of New York, the appointment of a postmas­ and after January 1, 1895. l ter for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Presi­ Walter A. Thompson, to be postmaster at Tahlequah, in the dent on and a.fter January 1, 1895. county of Cherokee Nation and of Indian Territory, the appoint- James A. Zickler, to be postmaster at Carmel, in the county .of r

1895. CONGRESSIONAL " RECORD-~OUSE.

Putnam and State of New Yo:rk, the appointment of a postmaster - Francis B. Saxton, to be postmaster at Ellsworth~ in the county for the said office having, by law, become vested ili the President of .Pierce and State of Wisconsin, the appointment of a post­ on and after January 1, 1895. ; master for the said office having,. by law,. become vested in the Matthew Briggs, to be postmaster at Forest, in the county of President on and after January 1,1895. Hardin and State of Ohio, the appointment of a postmaster for John B. Fleming, of Eau. Claire, Wis., to be register ot the the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on land office at Eau. Claire~ Wis., vice George A. Barry" whose term and after January 1, 1895. of office will expire March 5, 1895. Simon F. Richardson, to be postmaster at Spencerville, fu the William. E. Sau.m, of Wa Keeney, Kans., to be receiver of pub- county of Allen and State of Ohio, the appointment of a post- lie moneys at Wa Keeney, Kans., vice Simpson S. Reynolds, re­ master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the signed. President on and after January 1, 1895. PROMOTIONS L.'T THE ARMY. • • Samuel H. Cummins, to be postmaster at Pond Creek, in the connty of '"L" and Territory of Oklahoma, the appointJnent of a Quartermaste'r's DepaTtment. postmaster for the said office having,. by law, become vested in Lieut. Col. Marshall I. Ludington, deputy qnartermaster-gen- the President on and after January 1, 1895. eral, to be assistant quarte:rmaster-general with the rank of Samuel L. Johnson, to be postmaster at Alva, in the county of colonel, December 31, 1894, vice Chandler, retired from active "M" and Tenitory of Oklahoma, the appointment of a postmas- senice. ' ter for the said office having-, by law, become vesi(-ed in the Presi- Mat ~os S. Kimball, quartermaster, to be deputy quarter- dent on and after January 1, 1895. . master-general, with the rank of lientenant-colonel, December 31, William G. Jones, to be postmaster at Newkirk, in the county of 1894, vice Ludington, promoted. '" K" and Territory of Oklahoma, the appointment of a postmas- Capt. Joshua W. Jacobs~ assistant quartermaster, to be quarter­ tar for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Presi- · master with the rank of major, December 31, 1894, vice Kimball, dent on and after January 1, 1895. promoted. • John W. Moyle, to be postmaster at Tecumseh, in the county of Infantry ann. Pottawatomie and Territory of Oklahoma, the ap~ointment of a . Maj. William M. Wherry~ Sixth Infantcy, to be lieutenant-colo­ postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in the nel, December 29, 1894, vice Parke, Second Infantry, deceased. President on and after January 1, 1895. Capt. Charles W. 1\finer, Twenty-second Infantry, to be major, Augustus P. Wilcox, to be postmaster at Enid, in the county of December 29 1894, vice Wherry, Sixth Infantry. promoted. . "0" and Territory of Oklahoma., the appointmentof a postmaster First Liem.1 Stephen c. Mills, Twelfth Infantry, to be captain, for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President December16, 1894, viceMacGowan,Twelfthinfantry, retired from on and after January 1, 1895. GeoTge W. Cope, to be postmaster at Nazaretl!., in the county active service. of Northampton and State of Pennsylvania, the appointment of a. First Lieut. Theodore Mosher, Twenty-second Infantry, to be postmaster for said office having, bylaw, become vested in the captain, December29, 1894, vice Miner, Twenty-second Infantry, President on and after January 1, 1895. promoted. William McFarlan,. to be postmaster at East Downington, in Second Lieut. Mark L. Hersey, Ninth Infantry, to be first lieu- the county of Chester and State of Pennsylvania~ the appointment tenant, December 16, 1894, vice Mills, Twelfth Infantry, pro- of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested m~~d Lieut. Walter L. Taylor, Twentieth Infantry, to be :first in the President on and after January 1, 1895. I William D. H. Mason, to be postmaster at Williamstown, in the lieutenant, December 29, 1894, vice Mosher, Twenty-second In- county of Dauphin and State of Pennsyl-v:ania, the appointment of fantry, promoted. a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become -v-ested in APPOTh"TTMENTS IN THE ARMY. the President on and after January 1, 1895. James W. Abert, late major, Corps of Engineers,. to be major Ella B. Rowland, to be postmaster at Fort Washington, in the in the Army, to date fromJanuary3, 1895, With a view to his name county of Montgomery and State of Pennsylvaniar the appoint- being placed on the retired list of the Army. ment of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become Dunbar R. Ransom, late captain Third Artillery, to be captain vested in the President on and after January 1, 1895. in the Army, to date from January 3, 1895, with a view to his Harry S. Waidlich, to be postmaster at Mercersburg, in the name being plp,ced on the retired list of the Army. county of Franklin and State of Pennsylvania., the appointment APPOINTMENT IN THE NAVY. of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested R. H. Lamson, to be a lieutenant in the Navy, in accordance in the President on and after January 1~ 1895. · h h tit! d An h · · Anna G. Webster, to be. postmaster at Weatherly, in the county Wit t e act en e '' act aut onzmg the President to nomi- of Carbon and State of Pennsylvania, the appointment of a post- nate R. H. Lamson a lieutenant in the United States Navy," ap­ m.aster for the said office having, by law, become vested in the proved March 27, 1871. President on and after Jannary 1, ~95. Robert E. Weigley, to be postmaster at Myerstown, in the CONFIRMATIONS. county of Lebanon and State of Pennsylvania, the appointment Exreutive naminations conji1"1J1R,(], by the Senate JanuaT'!J 4, !895. of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President on and aftm· January 1, 1895. POSTMASTERS. Thomas H. Littlejohn, to be postmaster at Gaffney, in the James Halligan, to be postmaster at Canajoharie, in the county ccunty of Spaxtanburg and State of South Carolina,, the appoint­ of Montgomery and State of New York. ment of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become John C. Van Dyke, to be postmaster at Stamford, in the county vested in the President on and after January 1, 1895. of Delaware and State of New York. · Thomas T. Brady, to be postmaster at Beresford, in the county W. Fletcher Horn, to be postmaster at Grants Pass, in the county of Union and State of South Dakota, the appointment of a post­ of Josephine and State of Oregon. master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Thomas J. Stitea, to be postmaster at Albany, in the county of President on and after January 1, 1895. Linn and State of Oregon. Mrs. Mary R. Fly, to be-postmaster at Goliad, in the county of Goliad and State of Texas, the appointment of a postmaster for the said office having, by law; become vested in the President on and after January 1~ 1895. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. George W. Doak, to be postmaster at Tazewell, in the county of FRIDAY, January 4, 1895. Tazewell and State of Virginia, the appointment of a postmaster for the said office having, by law, become vested in the President The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. on and after January1, 1895. · E.B.BAGBY. . BeverleyS. Ferguson, to bepostmaster atNeapolis, in the county The J ou:rnal-ef the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap- of Pittsylvania and State of Virginia, the appointment of a post­ proYed. · master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the RESIGNATION OF A MEMBER. President on and after January 1, 1895. The SPEAI}ER laid before the Honse the following communi­ Frank L. Henn, to be postmaster at Sharon, in the county of cation; which was read, and ordered to lie on the table: Walworth and State of Wisconsin, the appointment of a post­ GREENUP, KY., JanuanJ 3, 1B95. master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the DEAR SIR: I have the honor to inform you that I have this day forwa.:rded t o t h e governor of Kentucky mr resignation as a Representative in Congress President on and af-ter January 1, 1895. from the Ninth Congressional district of the State of Kentucky, to take effect Joseph A. North, to be postmaster at Fox Lake, ih the county January 5, 1895. of Dodge and State of Wisconsin, the appointment of a post­ Respectfully, T. H. PAYNTER. master for the said office having, by law, become vested in the Hon. CliARLES F. CRIBP, ' President on and after January 1, 1895. Speaker of the HO'U8e of Repres~ntatwes;

\ ,

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

COMMISSIONER YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. On motion of Mr. HERMANN, a motion to reconsider the la-st The SPEAKER laid before the House a letter from the Acting vote was laid on the table. Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate of appropria­ . REGISTERS FOR srl'~ERS CLARIBEL AND ATHOS. tion, submitted by the Attorney-General, for salary of the Com­ Mr. PAGE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to call up missioner of the Yellowstone National Park, appointed under the for present consideration the bill (S. 1706) to provide registers for act to protect the birds and.animals therein; which was referred the steamers Olartbel and A.thos, which was pending before the to the Committee on Appropriations. holiday recess. GETTYSBURG BATTLE LINES. The SPEAKER. The bill will be read, subject to objection. The SPEAKER also l~d before the House a letter from the Act­ The bill was read, as follows: ing Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate of appro­ Be it enacted, etc., That the Commissioner of Navigation is hereby author­ ized and directed to cause the foreign-built steamers Clm-ibeland.Athos, pur­ priations, submitted by the Secretary of War, for continuing the chased and owned by a corporation created under the laws of New ,Jersey-1 work of marking the battle lines at Gettysburg; which was re­ and repaired in American ports, to be registered as vessels of the Unitea ferred to the Committee on ..o:\ppropriations. States. SEa. 2. That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized and di­ PUYALLUP INDIAN COMMISSION. rected to cause the ilispection of said vessels, steam boilers, steam pipes, and their appurtenances, and cause to be granted the usual certificate issued to The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Act­ steam vessels of the merchant marine, without reference to the fact that said in~ Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate of appro­ steam boilers, steam pipes;~.,and appurtenances were not constructed pursuant pnation submitted by the Secretary of the Interior to continue the to the laws of the United titates, and were not constructed of iron stamped pursuant to said laws; and the tests in the inspection of said boilers, steam work of the Puyallup Indian Commission; which was referred to pipes, and appurtenances shall be the same in all respects as to strength and the Committee on Indian Affairs. f:lafety as are required in the inspection of boilers constructed in the United YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK. States for marine purposes. The SPEAKER als() laid before the House a letter from the Act­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration in~ Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate of appro­ of the bill? pnation submitted by the Secretary of War for improving the Mr.DALZE~L. Letthereportberead,subjecttotherightof ob­ Yellowstone National Park; which was referred to the Committee jection. on Appropriations. The report (by Mr. BERRY) was read, as follows: UNITED STATES COURTS, INDIAN TERRITORY. The Committee on Merchant Marino and Fisheries, to whom was referred the bill (S.1706) to provide American registers for the steamers Clm·ibeZ and • The SPEAkER also laid before the House a letter from the Athos, purchased and owned by the Raritan Transportation Company, a cor­ Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate of ap­ poration created under the laws of New Jersey, have considered the same propriation for expenses of the United States court at places other and report as follows: than Muscogee, Ind. T., for the next fiscal year, submitted by The steamship Claribel was built at Liverpool, England, by Messrs. T. Roy­ den & Sons, in 18721 and has a tonnage of 883 tons net registe"r. She has been the Atton;tey-General; which was referred to the Committee on en~ged in the frmt trade between New York and the West Indies, and was onginally owned by Pim, Forw09d & Co., but has been sold by them to the Appropriations. Raritan Transportation Company, an organization incorporated under the MISSION INDIANS, CALIFORNIA.. laws of the StateofNewJersey. On June 15.J1874,shestrandedonBirdRock, The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the West Indies1 and wa.s Vfl!'Y seriously injureu. In December, 1886, she went ashore on Fngate Ca>rs, West Indies, and on her return voyage, seriously dis­ Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting an estimate of abled, she suffered severely from a hurricane and in Januarv, 1888, her ma­ appropriation submitted by the Attorney-General for the employ­ chinery broke down completely, and she was rowed1 into Norfolk, and thence ment of counsel for the Mission Indians in southem California; to New York for repairs. It is satisfactorily shown by the affidavit of W. D. Dickey, su_llerintendent which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations. of the firm of Handren & Robins, ship and engine builders. New York, and C. R. EVANS A.l.~D J. B. GORDON. proprietors of the Erie Basin dry docks and shipyard, Brooklyn, that the vessel, upon her arrival at the ~ort of New York after the disaster of June, The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the 1874, was surveyed by him, and m his judgment could not have been sold for Acting Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a communication more than $9,000. The vessel was ~urchased by the present owners, after being repaired, for from the Attorney-General, resubmitting for an appropriation $30,000. The repairs made by the firm of Handren & Robins, the firm above the claims of C. R. Evans and J. B. Gordon, as set forth in Exec­ named; alone amount to $25,536.12, as shown by the accounts presented, while utive Documents Nos. 92 and 182, second session, Fifty-third Con­ additional repairs made to the vessel by the same firm, not directly incident to the disaster named, are shown to have amounted to the sum of $26,405.33. gress; which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations. The steamer Athos was built in 1879 by Messrs. C. Connell & Co., of Glas­ DO~.A.LD M':MASTERS. gow. Her tonnage is 1262 tons net, and she has been and still is engaged in carrying merchandise between the ports of New York, the West Indies, and The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the South and Central America. She was formerly owned by Messrs. Pi.m, For­ Acti~ Secretary of the Treasury, calling attention to House Ex­ wood.& Co., but has been sold to and is now owned by the Raritan •.rrans• ecutive Document No. 103, Fifty-third Congress, second session, portation Company, organized under the laws of the State of New Jersey,for the sum of $70,000, after bf\ing repaired. for the relief of Donald McMasters for legal services rendered; On November 6,1882, she ran aground about 1 mile to the eastward of Mid­ which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations. dle Point, island of Ina.qua, West Indies; became almost a total wreck, but was finally gotten off by aid of divel"s, steam pumps, and wrecking apparatus IMPROVEMENT OF HEMPSTEAD HARBOR, NEW YORK. sent out from New York. She was then towed to Philadelphia, where she The SPEAKER also laid before the House a communication was placed in dry dock and repaired by William Cramp & Sons. from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a letter from the The cost of these repairs, as shown by the general average statements filed Chief of Engineers, report of preliminary examination and survey with the committee, was as follows: of Hempstead Harbor, New York; which was referred to the · Committee on Rivers and Harbors. ~~:t.r: ~ ~irilleri======~=: ======~: ffi: ~ LEA.. VE OF ABSENCE. TotaL------.------. --·--. -----.------91,961.63 The sworn statement of Israel J. Merritt, chief owner and general man· By unanimous consent, leave o~ absence was granted as follows: ager of the Merritt Wrecking Company, that saved the Athos and brought To Mr. BUNN, for 10 days, on account of sickness in his family. her to the v.ort of Philadelphia, shows that the value of the vessel upon ar­ rival at Philadelphia as a wreck was not over $15,000. To Mr. SoRG, indefinitely, on account of sickness. The general statute (section 4136 Revised Statutes) requires that there­ HOSEA BROWN. pairs to a wrecked vessel must equal three-fourths of the value of the vessel after having been repaired~ and that this sum must be expended in United Mr. HERMANN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for States ports in material ana labor. the present consideration of the bill H. R. 8127, which is a bill The testimony submitted to your committee shows in each case an expen­ diture considerably in excess of the required three-fourths, but the wrecks for the relief of an old soldier of the war of 1812, who is 103 years having occurred outside of the waters of the United States a special act is old, and in very destitute circumstances. necessary, a.nd hence this application to Congress. The bill was 1·ead, as follows: Your committee is of the opinion that these steamships are entitled to be given American registers as coming clearly within the spirit and intent of Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be\....and he is hereby, the statutes on the subject, and the bill is reported back-with the recom­ authorized and directed to increase the pension of Hosea .tirown, formerly a mendation that it be passed: member of C!J>pt. Edwar!'J. B:!llgess's company of New York ~tia 2 and who was in the military sernce m the war of 1812 to $72 per month, m lieu of the There being no objection, the bill was considered, ordered to a pension he is now receiving, and also which he formerly received under his third reading, and, being read the third time, was pa-ssed. pension certificate No. 24580. On motion of Mr. PAGE, a motion to reconsider the last vote The committeerecommend the adoption of thefollowingamend­ was laid on the table.- ments: REPRINT OF A BILL. Strike out the word "seventy-two," in line 8, and substitute therefor the word "!fixty," so as to allow a pension rated at$60 per month; also amend by Mr. GROW and Mr. BINGHAM addressed the Chair. striking out all after the word "receiving," in line 9. Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, the ~entleman from Pennsyl­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consideration vania. (Mr. GRow] desires to ask unanrmous consent for there­ of the bill? print of a bill. There being no objection, the bill was considered, the amend­ Mr. GROW. I desire to have a bill reprinted, with some ments 1·ecommended by the committee agreed to, and the bill as amendments. amended ordered to be engrossed and read a third time; and being Mr. SPRINGER. After that I shall demand the regular order. engrossed, it was accordingly read the third time, and passed. The SPEAKER, The gentleman from .Pennsylvania [Mr.

J 1895. CONGRESSIONAL -RECOR-D--HOUSE. 641

GRow] asks to have a reprint of a bill, the title of which the that it could not interrupt the c~ll, but that it might be submitted Clerk will report. at some other time. The rules provide for the submission of such The Clerk read as follows: requests immediately after the reading of the Journal. A bill (H. R. 8290) to amend the national-bank act. THE CURRENCY. - ~ The SPEAKER. Without objection, a reprint of this bill will And then, on motion of Mr. SPRINGER~ the House resolved be ordered. itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. SpeaKer-- Union for the further consideration 1of the bill (H. R. 8149) to Mr. SPRINGER. I demand the r~gular order. amend the laws relating to national banking associations, to ex empt the notes of State banks from taxation upon certain condi­ ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED. tions, and for other purposes, with Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee Mr. PEARSON, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re­ in the chair. ported that they had examined and found truly enrolled bi.ll&of The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole the following titles; when the Speaker signed the same: f01: the further consideration of a bill the title of which the Clerk A bill (S. 2325) supplementary to a~ ~t entitled "4-TI act es­ will report. tablishing a court of appeals for the DIStrict of Columb1a, and for The Clerk read as follows: other purposes," approved February 9. 1893; and A bill (H. R. 8149) to amend the laws relating to na~ional banking_ assoc~ A bill (S. 2384) to amend an act entitled "An act to authorize tions, to exempt the notes of State banks from taxation upon certam condi the construction of a bridge across the Missouri River ~t ~ome tions, and for other purposes. _ point within 1 mile below and 1 mile above the present limits of Mr. HENDRIX. Mr. Chairman, the situation which confronts the city of Jefferson, Mo.," approved May 28, 1894. the Treasury of the United States to-day, and through the Treas COMMITTEE REPORTS. ury under our currency system confronts s:very citizen, is one that , The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SPRINGER] has not come suddenly upon us, and is one of which we can not demands the regular order, which is the call of committees for as a people complain that we have not had ample warning. Fore reports. told and foreseen by every leading financier on the globe, won t DAM ACROSS THE ST. LOUIS AND CLOQUET RIVERS. dered at by every business man living under the influence. of financial policies of nations which have outgrown the swaddling . Mr. WISE. Mr. Speaker, I am directed by the Committee. on clothes which we still wear, we are at last confronted in our own Interstate and Foreign Commerce to report back a communication households with a realization of their prophecy. We find it dan from the War Department, with the request that it be referred gerous as a nation to be in the banking business. You remember to the Committee on the Judiciary. the remark of a famous finance minister of France when he con The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Virginia. [Mr. WISE] sidered the policies adopted by the Congress of the United-States from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, reports in the management of the financial affairs of the. Gove~ent back a communication and asks that the Committee on Interstate He remarked, "God is good to drunken people, little childreB and Foreign Commerce be discharged fro!ll its further ~o~sid­ and the people of the United States." eration and that it be referred to the Comm1ttee on the J udie1ary. In all of the discussion of the question which has been carried The Cl~rk will report the title of the communication. " on through the columns of financial journals, and in essa's before · The Clerk read as follows: conventions wherever men who control financial affairs have met, Letter from the Assistant Secretary of War, transmitting, _pursuant to no argument has been made which states with greater clearness House resolution dated December 11, information relative to the establish­ ment of a dam across the St. Louis and Cloquet rivers. and conciseness or with more power of statement the case from the standpoint of the financier than the argument which is con­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentle­ tainedin the current report of the Secretary of the Treasury, reen­ man from Virginia [Mr. WISE]? forced by the approving statements of the President of the United Mr. BALDWIN. I object. States. Mr. WISE. I would state to the gentleman from Minnesota The pertinent question and the issue now involved in the bill that this is a reply from tho Secretary of War i~ answer to a re~­ is this: Is the United States of America at last going out of the olution reported to the House from the Comm1ttee on the Judi­ business of furnishing currency as a bank of issue to the people of ciary. There is nothi~g before the Co~mittee on ~nte!'state a;nd the United States; and if not, what is it going to do in order to Foreign Commerce which would autheople of the United States time. transgressing every sound law of finance_, are going to be able to . ALLOTMENTS OF LAND TO INDIANS. defy the experience of the whole world and to do that which no ' Mr. LYNCH, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, reported other nation has yet su~eeded in doing. the bill (S. 2299) authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to cor­ The situation is a-ccentuated in the Bank of France, which yes­ rect errors where double allotments of land have erroneously been terday had 2,096,000,000 francs of gold on hand, in contrast with made to an Indian, to correct errors in patents, and for other pur­ 1,600,000,000 a year ago, and 1,700,000,000 the year before that. It poses; which was read a first and ~econd time, and, with the ac­ also receives emphasis from the situation of the Bank of E:g.gland companying report, ordered to be prmted and referred to the Com­ yesterday, which had coin and bullion amounting to £33,000,000, mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. as against £24,000,000 in 1894, and £24,000,000 in 1893. The own­ 'BRIDGES ACROSS THE FOURCHE LA FEVRE AND PETIT JEAN RIVERS ers of foreign capital in the shape of gold and bullion, which IN ARKANSAS. in part is resting in those great P.Ools, are waiting to see what this ; Mr. WISE, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ country is going to do in respect to its finances. In their view 'merce, reported a bill (H. R. 8251) authorizing the Little Rock there is but one result to a long series of years of financial sinninallg jand Pa~ific Railway Company, its successors and assigns, to con­ such as we have indulged in, and that is that we will either f 'struct and maintain bridges across the Fourche La Fevre and to the money level of the inferior nations of the world or that we .Petit Jean rivers, in Arkansas; 'Yhich was reaq a first and s~cond will become bankrupt and unable to meet our obligations. Here :time, and, with the accompanymg report, ordered to be prmted is yesterday's statement of the Bank of England, contrasted with and referred to the House Calendar. a corresponding date one and two years ago: ORDER OF BUSINESS. ------.------~~------~-- Mr. SPRINGER. I move that the House do now resolve itself 1895. 1894. 1893. - int.o the Committee of the Whole-- Mr. HAUGEN. Mr. Speaker, before the gentleman makes that Coin and bullion---_---- ___ --·---··------£33,091,079 £:U, 849,589 £ :U, 372,807 .motion I desire to submit a parliamentary inquiry. - Reserve ------,.23, 972,000 15,551,479 14,924,387 Notes reserved ______------21,731,000 13,384,610 13,600,730 : The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. Notes in circulation------·------25,919,000 25,748,110 25,898,420 . Mr. HAUGEN. Whatdisposition wasmade of the report made Public deposits------·------·-·-·-·--- 6,599,000 6,237,235 8,177,~ by the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. WISE] relative to the com­ Other deposits _____ ------38,198,000 31,152,556 3-!, 019, munication from the Secretary of War? &>h':~~:~M~~~~i~_s_:::::::::::::::.::: M:~:~ ~:m:~ M:~:~ The SPEAKER. The gentleman withdrew it, the Chair stating XXVII-41 • 642 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4, - The Bank of France reports th~ following detailed statement, Our-own situation is as follows, according to the last public-debt compared with the same date one and two years ago: statement: · United States notes ...... $346,681,016 Gold coin __ ------$96,424:,002 Treasury notes ______150,764,280 Gold bullion ______47,363,157 1895. 189!. 1893. Old demolished notes. __ 54,847 Silver dollars ______363,288,420 National-bank notes..... 29,487,564 Silver bullion------124,675,364: Fractional currency----- 6,897,137 United States notes ...... 6~,255,000 Gold certificates...... 53,607,269 Public-debt------292,9-!0, 674 Francs. Francs. Francs. Silver certificates ______. 337,199,504 Gold ____ ------2,069,250, 000 1, 698,475,037 1, 70!, 442, 630 Currency certificates . . . . 61, 255, 000 Silver ---_.,.------1, 235,600,000 1, 259, 23!, 828 1, 26!, 245,334 985, 9!6, 617 ' 985, W6, 617 Circulation •..... ------3, 679,200,000 3, 612, 057, 485 3, 439' 13!, 285 This is the situation stated at its best. Observe that there is Bills discounted ______------606,500,000 an effset wherever admissl'ble, and that it requires $292,940,674 of 681,019,251 656, 703, 230 demand debt to make a balance. Here is the Treasury's own state­ Treasury advances------145,000,000 121, 026, 500 182, 7ZT, 917 ment of the paper currency of each denomination outstanding

November 30, 1894: 1

Paper currency of each deneminatwn outstanding November SO, 1894.

United Treasury National- Gold Silver Currency Denomination. States notes. notes of 1890. bank notes. certificates. certificates. certificates. Total. '

One dollar. ____-----.----- .. ------$3,495,555 $12,279,298 $355,827 ----..•••• ___ $25,061,260 • ------$fi, 191' 850 29,269,709 246, 888, 66! 292,4:78, OOG ~~ 1}»:::.==~=~~~~~===~:::::~:==~~====~~~==:::::=::::~=====~~ ~:m:~ ~:m:m ~:~:~ ====~======1~:~r~:~ ======~===~= 238, 395, 180 39,833,515 80,885,970 ~r.1!~~;o~i==~======~======~===~==~======Five hundred dollars ...... ------...... ------~:~:m10,965,500 ------:~:~:~ ~:m:m131,000 1J~:~4:,372,000 R:ru:!423,000 =====~::::::::------15,891,500 One thousand dollars ______------59,561,000 18,4:19,000 30,000 s,,105,,500 ______448__ ._,_ooo ____ l------$385·--,- .... 86,563,500 Five thousand ddilars -'------.------15,000 ------.------10 430 000 000 10,830, 000 Ten thousand dollars ...... ------10,000 ------20,520,000 ------57,600,000 78,130,000 Fractional parts------28,33! ------~------28,334 Total .. ------347,681,016 150,979,0'i0 206,434,4:19 59,677,269 337,629,504 57,985,000 1,160,386,278 U¥uown, destroyed ______------.------1, 000,000 ------______------1, 000,000 ~et __ ___ : .. _. __ . _.... ___ .... ___ . ______... __.,_ .. __ .... -~·-346-. -,681-,-0JJ_6_ ,__ 150-, 919-,-:"-o-1--206-,434,--4:1:-9-l--5-9-, 6-7-7,-26'9-1--33-7-, 62-29.-,-504:- l-5-7-,985-- ,-000-l-1-,1-5-9,-386--, 2'7-8

We are pledged to keep all this on a gold level. .Anyone glanc­ business men who are idle, the owners of the capital which is idle, ing at the open and frank statements which are made by the Treas­ and e-very man who has his face turned toward the future in ex­ urer of the United States day by day, looking at the small reserve pectancy of better times. How can we keep our cm-rency as good and the tremendous amount of paper-currency issues dependent as gold? upon that reserve, can but marvel that we h-ave Jived through all In the springtime of 1893 the business season was killed by these years and come to the beginning of the last half of the last reason of the apprehension of the effect of the Sherman law. The decade of the nineteenth century without before being brought autumn business season of 1893, in its opportunities for trade, I face to face with great peril. was killed by the prolonged agitation in the other House over the Now, after a distressful panic, brought on by a too free use of a repeal of that law. · The springtime business of 1894 in this depreciated money metal, coincident with a commercial panic counfu-y was killed by reason, and a natural reason, too, of the which has affected more or less -all of the nations of the earth, a consideration of the question of lowering the tariff duties; for it time has come when, by the operation of a new fiscal-system, the i'3 an incident always of all tariff legislation that when the peo- - revenues of the Government hitve fallen below the ' receipts, and ple understand that tariff duties are to ba raised they are a-ctive the situation which all financiers have feared has been accentu­ in securing goods, but when they have notice that tariff duties ated and now exists. Already $100,000,000 of bonds have been are to be lowered they wait to find out what the schedules are to issued to repair the damage. It has made a very unfavorable im­ be. The autumn season of 1894 as a business season was killed pression in the money markets of the world that at this era, when for the same reason. Now we are in midwinter, and the ap­ the municipal loan of Paris, on a 2! per cent basis, can be over­ proach· of sprinoo-time naturally should prompt the minds and subscribed, I think it was ten times, when the consols of Great hearts of the people to hope that the hard times will then be over, Britain are selling on less than a·Z! per cent basis and when they and that the hum of industry of our nation will be taken up and bear but 2! per cent on their face, that the Government of the swelled until it becomes the old-time glorious bm·st of music. United States should be obliged for any reason to put upon the A return of prosperity is due, but we find that commercial market a 5 per cent bond. gloom -and despondency still cling to all the people. The reason The credit of the country, a,s we all know, stands higher than for it is the distl'USt of the ability of the United States Govern­ that. It is emphasized by the price which the most recent issue ment to keep its promises, to keep on a level with gold all those of our bonds brought. The premium, however, cuts no figure in issues of paper cUl'rency which it has out. The question is now the consideration of the onlookers. It is the amount of money this: Does the United States mean to go out of the business of which the country has to pay annually as interest upon that debt acting as a bank of issue? That, sir, is not only an important which fills them with wonder. One hundred million dollars, sir, practical question upon the decision of which hinges much of the is the story up to date within a year. We had at the beginning interest of the financial 'j"Orld, but we can well appreciate, from of the month of December $118,000,000 of gold altogether, I think, the standpoint of men who have the conduct of affairs of the in the possession of the United States. Thera was withdrawn nation, and who must-use means to an end., and must consider the during that month $26,000,000 of gold, and the Treasury officials effect of policies, it is a political question. Shall the United States note the fact that there is a keen appetite just at the moment for throw back upon the people themselves the business of providing the withdrawal of gold, because the Treasury stock has come down their own currency under proper police supervision, or shall it so to the fresh-minted double eagles, which have never been handled fortify itself as it stands, the greatest banker of the country, and in the13ockets of the people, .and which are the fatte~, best pieces take care of its o~ reserve in a proper way? of gold coined by any nation on the earth,. and next to bar gold There are some considerations which may be submitted in re­ the most desirable of all of that precious metal to export. spect .to this. Does the Government exercise a proper function The credit of the country is excellent. The capital of the world when it seeks to provide the currency of the people? Is it in. a is idle. The banks of the United States were never so full of cash position, without the assets which belong to a bank of issue, to as they are to-day. Commercial conditions are .at a low ebb,' but carry forward such a business and carry it forward successNJ.lly? commercial credit is generally good. Men are living, in affairs I believe that it is a reasonably fair statement of fact, that with private to themselves as well as in their business, from hand to large revenues, an ample reserve, and a general heaJthy financial m~uth. Manu1acturers are making only the articles for which condition, that through a very long period a strong, resourceful there is a demand; and they find that the demand is for the cheap­ Government like this can maintain, without any question at all, est articles which money can buy. There is no life in trade. The a very large body of its own simple promises to pay in the c-ur­ new year opens amid stupor all ·along the line. Now, the ques­ rency of the country. It has done it. The best proof that it can tion invo.lved in this bill is -the question which confronts an these do it is that it has done it; but the situation in which the Govern-

' I r 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 64.1

men t found itself five years ago or more was very greatly altered you have just described, refusing to pay more than 5 per cent in by the fact that in the conflict of views growing out of the con­ gold, impair the credit of the bank? sideration of the silver question a new character of demand note, Mr. HENDRIX. No, sir; it does not impair the credit of the a fresh Government promise, was injected into our currency sys­ bank. tem. Mr. HEPBURN. Then would the credit of the United States A great many men believe that we would have had no seri.Qps be impaired if the Secretary of the Treasll.ry should exercise his trou ble but for the presence of that new note which the Sherman discretion and pay silver instead of gold when gentlemen come law put in our currency; for while the greenback, the ordinary trying to deplete the Treasury of its gold? United States note, was redeemable in gold at two places on this Mr. HENDRIX. I think it would, sir; very greatly at this continent, one at the extreme western'seaboard, the subtreasury time. at San Frandsco, and the other at the extreme eastern seaboard, Mr. HEPBURN. Why? the subtreasury at New York, the Treasury note was given the Mr. HENDRIX. Simply because of the general distrust of the privilege to open the vaults of nine subtreasuries and get gold. ability of the United States Government to make a gold payment That fact, sir, has not escaped either the foreign student of our in response to a demand upon it. financial affairs or the home student. When under the act of Mr. HEPBURN. Why should not the Government of the 1890 we added to the $346,000,000 United States notes, which are United States have the right to exercise its discretion as the gold carriers, $150,000,000 of the Sherman notes, to carry gold Bank of France exercises its discretion? from seven more places, the seeds of trouble began to sprout. Mr. HENDRIX. When the Government of the United States Let us examine for a moment the operation of the Treasury note is in a position to exercise that discretion, it will be able, if it in its aggressions upon the slender gold reserve. It has been wants to, to do it. It_is a Government; the Bank of France is a indeed active. Starting in October, 1891, we find that up to Sep­ banJc - tember, 189~ that Treasury note had withdrawn at the United Mr. HEPBURN. Is it not able when it has got a hundred mil­ States Treasury $68,543,000 in gold. ' lions of gold in its Treasury? Now, can any government hope to escape bankruptcy which :rt!r. HENDRIX. And when it has promises outstanding that has out two such gold carriers as the United States note and the it will pay one billion one hundl·ed and fifty-nine millions? No. Treasury note? Mr. ~ Chairman, we have got the freest gold de­ Mr. HEPBURN. Promises that it will pay not in gold but posit in this country that there is on the face of the earth. When "in coin." That is the promise. . anybody anywhere wants gold, the easiest place to get it is the Mr. HENDRIX. What kind of coin have you got to pay it in? Treasury of the United States. The Bank of England shelters It has not got the coin. the Government of Great Britain, the Bank -of France shelters Mr. STOCKDALE. We can coin it. .. the Government of France. the Reichs Bank of Germany shelters M:r. HENDRIX. I propose, Mr. Chaiaman, to strike at what I the Government of Germany, the Imperial Bank of Japan shelters believe to be the fatal point of this bill; and I should hesitate to the Government of Japan, but we expose our gold supply to the make thb criticism upon the bill but for the fact that I am re­ demands of the whole world. enforced in it by the ju~~ent of all whohave examined the If Rothschild wants to contribute gold to enable Austria-Hun­ subject .with care, and also by the keen and critical judgment gary to go upon a gold basis, he makes a bid to the Reichs Bank which comes to us from across the water upon all onr financial at such a rate for American eagles. A cable cipher comes-across measures. The bill will not do what it sets out to do. It Vil!ill the ocean and an offer is made for American eagles at-such a price, not relieve the Treasury from the aggressions on this gold sup­ interest to be paid from the date of shipment. There may be only ply. It is a failure as a banking measure, because it seeks to a quarter or a half per cent in the transaction, but on a large superimpose upon an unsteady and an uncertain body of public­

transaction a quarter or a half per cent1 as any business man.. credit currency a large inflation of bank-credit currency without knows, is a very valuable thing. Business to the amount of a suffici.ent redeemer in sight for the public-credit currency, and millions is done on the basis of one-eighth or one-sixteenth, and without any guaranty that under the ordinary operations of the therefore business men are not only willing but gla,9. to get an Treasury there is going to be in the near future a sufficient re­ opportunity to make one-quarter pe1· cent. All they have to do to....­ serv-e there. When this public-credit cm·rency is made the basis O'et om· gold is to collect our Treasury n~s and gree~backs, · go of an inflated bank-credit currency, you must at once conch'Ide I a0Wll to the Treasury and hand them in in denominatiOnS Of $1 that the amount to be redeemed will be a much greater amount, or of $10,000 and fill a cart bae.ked up to the door. The gold of and that the redeemer itself must be found somewhere for that the United States finds its way into the bowels of a steamer wait­ amount. ! -quote, sir,Irom the London Economist which came • ing, with s~ up, ready to cross the Atlantic, and the exporter in this morning's mail, and which gives a very careful and dis­ receives interest hom the moment the gold is put on board ship. passionate consideration of the proposed cun·ency .reform. It The Bank of France puts a price on American eagles in the same says: way. Now, how does the tEID,g work when we want to get gold? It is obvious, too, that unless something is done to compel the b~ks to If you go to the Bank of France and ask to have ;,t note of that maintain for themselves a. stock of ~old sufficient to maintain the volume of bank cashed, if it is of small amount and you are an American the currency, the extension of the ISsuing power will render the position of traveler, they will be very glad indeed to hand over the counter the Treasury more difficult and dangerous than it now is. the few napoleons which you require, but·if you send in a large Debt hiding, Mr. Chairman, is not debt paying. If the United amount of notes and ask for gold they will simply tell you that States wants to get rid of the demand upon itself which results the rules of the Bank of France forbid them to give you more than from this large body of demand notes which it has out, the way 5 per cent of the amount in gold, and they will pay you the rest for it to get rid of them is either to refuse to pay them out again in silver. If you are a merchant and must have gold, they will when they come into the Treasury or to pay them, cancel them, say to you, ''Our price for American eagles is so much; if you de­ retire them, and burn them. This is the way to get them out of sire to pay that price we shall be very glad to sell them to you.''­ the way. The Bank of France and the Bank of Germany both become .great II I hold to the contention, Mr. Chairman, that the wisest thing bullion dealers under that system, while the Treasury of the United and the cheapest thing, and in my judgment practically the only States, a great free-handed .country, shovels it out to anybody who thing, which the United States can safely do now is to retire and comes along with a demand note. dispose of all these demand notes. Now, Mr. Chairman, the pending bill, if it does not provide a We have already, as the result of the situation, had to issue ­ way to stop these aggressions upon the gold which comes into the $100,000,000 of bonds. They have not been very producti>e of Treasury of the United States through revenues or bond sales, if)­ gold for us. It has been averycostlyexperiment. I assume that a failure to start with. If it does stop these aggressions, if it takes those who were members of the Fifty-second Congress will recall the Go>ernmerJ; out of the banking business, if it relieves us from the almost pitiful appeal made to this House by two SecretaJ.ies of any more of the peril of such a situation as we are now in, I am the Treasury, the one just going out and the other just coming in, in favor of it. If it does not, I am against it. I am in 'favor of for some power b~which the Secretaryof the Treasury, the great­ the principle enunciated by the Secretary of the Treasury. I am est banker in the United States, might properly conduct the busi­ in favor of the principle laid down by the President of the United ness intrusted to him. If $50,000,000, Mr. Chairman, had been States. I am glad that it has become a part of the Democratic invested at that time, or if the power to borrow the $50,000,000 policy and that it has come here from the highest source of leader­ had been conferred, I verily believe that a billion dollars at least ship. If I understand it, it means that the great Democratic would have been saved to this country and that the recent bond party, having taken the Government of the United States out of issues of one hundred millions would have been unnecessary. the silver business, will now take the Governinent of the United And I believe now that unless power be granted to the Secretary States out of the banking business. I heartily agree to that prop­ of the Treasury to supply his needs out of themarketsoftheworld osition. Now aB to the application of it. Will the bill before us a,s he may find it necessary what would now cost perhaps $100,- do it? I think not. 000,000 or $200,000,000 will cost later on three, four, or perhaps Mr. HEPBURN. Will the gentleman permit a question at five times that amount. that point before he enters upon the next branch of the subject£ Ther.e is no compromise with the stern laws which operate in Mr. HENDRIX. Yes, sir. · finance. If you are going to maintain solvency, you have got to Mr. HEPBURN. Does the a-ction of the Bank of France which maintain your position strong enough to carry this immense

: .,

644 CONGRESSIONAL -- RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY- 4,

amount of demand currency. If you are going to shelter your­ Certainly the gentleman ought not to be surprised at anything selves behind a system of ten thousand or more banks of issue done in a financial way by a body made up of such ingredients. which will take over as the price of a liberal currency franchise a I quote that language from the gentleman's own speech-the Hon. certain portion of this demand currency, and leave outstanding JosEPH C. HENDRIX-made before the Baltimore convention. 50 per cent, or even 25 per cent, you are going to have a difficulty Mr. HENDRIX. Mr. Chairman, if it costs as much now to which may be a little bit shaded off in its potency, but will be all maiAtain this debt as it will cost us to get it out of the way, it the stronger because of the fact that the outstanding amount of is simply a business. proposition and can penetrate any intelli­ currency will be all the more active when gold is wanted. There­ gence. We ought to get it out of the way and do it as speedily as fore to back up the greenback or Treasury note with gold, in view possible. If this measure should be enacted into law as it stands, of our exposed Treasury condition, and the safeguards and re­ and I want to say that it is a very great improvement on the bill strictions of European banks, is at this stage of our history, after first presented to the House, it will not relieve the Treasw·y, it ow silver foolishness, a task that means great taxation. will not better the financial condition of the country, and it will Is it not cheaper in every way to fund our floating debt, just not provide the sort of bank-credit currencv which we should as any large corporation of high credit would do? It costs us 3 have. It will be an abortion &nd a failure from the very start. per cent to collect our taxes. We can fund the whole debt at 3 Now, if we can apply the principle laid down by the President per cent. We have already issued $100,000,000 of bonds on a little and by the Secretary of the Treasury so that the bill will carry out better than a 3 per cent basis. We are. certain to have to issue what it purports to carry out, then, sir, it seems to me to be clear another ·like amount. We have about $100,000,000 of gold on hand. that it is our duty to do it. Let us make a law which illustrates If we have, as it is estimated, $340,000,000 of greenbacks out now­ the principle. The bill does not fit the Secretary's argument. If saying that $6,000,000 have been lost or destroyed and will not be we are going to do a thing, let us do it, and not make a feint of presented-we are paying for· them as of a date when the next doing it which deceives no one. issue of bonds is out, after charging the Government 3 per cent For one, Mr. Chairman, I think that those who believe that by on the idle gold it has, about 2.65 per cent, according to a Treas­ sequestrating one-half of the national floating debt and making it ury official's figures; and if we add to this amount the cost of the ~he _basis. of a largely incre~sed. ~k-note currency the Treasury maintenance of the whole greenback issue, redemption, renewal, 1s r1d of 1ts probl~m of mamtammg a gold reserve are deluding printing, and administration it is evident that the $340,000,000 of themselves. The United States will have to pay gold to other greenbacks will soon be costing us nearly 3 per cent. Therefore, countries so long as trade and financial conditions make gold pay­ if our greenbacks are going to cost us 3 per cent by the time the ments more profitable than payments in other commodities and next bond issue is floated it is better to fund them at once at 3 per while the Treasury continues to do any of the banking busin~ss of cent and cancel hem. .A:ny broker in Wall street who can get the land it must continue to keep gold reserve. If you hide one­ time money at less than call money, gets it, and does not wait to half of the national floating debt in a pla-ce of safe deposit the other try experiments. half is enough to suck ·out of the Treasury all of the gold that is We are brought to the alternative of funding these legal tenders wanted. or of resorting to an indefinite bond issue to protect them by as The fact that the notes are paid out in the settlement of clea,r­ stern a set of facts as ever faced a bad manager of any bUBiness, ing-house balances and that as fast as they go in for revenue they and there is no dodging the issue. The best financiers in the coun­ must go out for expenditures will give them activity at the gold­ try advise the funding process. The argument of the Secretary exporting port. If every national and State bank took out the of the Treasury, if not his method, is conclusive. The bill before maximum circulation on their present capital they would absorb us, in the ninth section, concedes the question; but the proposed less thanone-half of the demand debt. Theremaining$250,000 000 redemption and retirement out ef any surplus revenues in our would be free to work all of the mischief now complained of. ' Of present status seems like trifling. what use, then, from a Treasury standpoint, is the proposition? Mr. COX. Will the gentleman allow me a question in that con­ Since 1879 our gold exports have been $594,599,991, and it has nection? taken only $181,312,577 of the greenbacks and $68,543,138 of the Mr. HENDRIX. Certainly. Treasury notes to get $249,855,715 of this gold out of the Treasury, :Mr. COX. Of course that is to be done on the idea the gentle­ which was all of the gol.£1. the Treasury provided, tlie remaining man has suggested, that is to say, by the retirement of the green­ $344·,ooo,ooo of gold being furnished by the banks and mines. An backs and the legal-tender circulation, amounting to some $500,- examination of the amount of Treasury notes and greenbacks 000,000. Now, suppose that you do retire them and issue bonds needed to take out the gold that is wanted will prove how utterly for that purpose to the extent of $500,000,000, how do you propose fatuous is the notion that if one-half of the whole legal tender cur­ to supply the pla.ce of that circulation-the 8500,000,000 you with- rency is sequestrated the Treasury is going to be spared from the draw? · aggression of the other half. The poor ostrich hiding its head in Mr. HENDRIX. If the gentleman will pardon me, I will come the sand, thinking that its whole body is concealed, is not guilty of to tha~ later on. any greater de1usion. 1\Ir. Chairman, it is not necessary to do much more than give In May :!nd June last $50,000,000 of gold were exported, and the Treasurer full power. If the people of this country and the $48,000,000 of it came from the Treasury in redemption of $45,800,- people of the whole world believe that this board of directors of 000 greenbacks and $2,800,000 Treasury notes. In the same months the greatest banking institution on earth is ready to stand by the the Assistant Treasurer at New York paid out in settlement of president of the bank, namely, the Secretary of the Treasury, in balances against him at the clearing house over $25,000,000 of protecting it from all aggressions, then the cloud that rests upon greenbacks and Treasury notes, which aould have been retw·ned / our country will soon disappear. Give him the necessary power. to him for gold if necessary. The Treasury is nearly always a He is entitled to it. He asks it in a feeble and apologetic tone in debtor at the New York clearing house, and in the fiscal year 1894 the ninth section of the bill. He came and asked it of the Fifty­ it paid in settlement of balances $180,338,934.30, and in the same second Congress, and he has asked it before of this Congress, but Iferiod received in like settlement e3,862,108. This disproportion this great body stubbornly says no. Although he comes from the is not accidental. It is the rule. hearthstone oi a majority of the majority-the South; although In 1893 the Treasury was not creditor a sin~le day. In 16.91 it he has been one of your great political leaders and teachers and was not a creditor. So that unless the vanety of money is so your familiar friend; although you know that he has been placed great in the Treasury that it can pay its balances in gold, it must m a position in the Cabinet which kills men, a position which is pay in legal tenders as it receives them through the sources of the most difficult and trying now existing on the face of this earth, revenue. If the Secretary can see gold enough ahead to pay say you refuse to accede to his repeated request, and you manacle him $200,000,000 of clearing-house balances annually, he is under no and.tie him down hand and foot. Under this treatment by his stress to sequestrate the legal tenders. If he does not see himself own party and the men of his own section, the Secretary of the protected with gold for this purpose, then he must use legal Treasury in his difficult task deserves the sympathy of his fellow- tenders; and if he does, he must back them with a gold reserve citizens. - and be at all times prepared to redeem them in gold. The amount :Air. PENCE. Will the gentleman allow a suggestion in that of legal tenders necessary to settle the Treasury's debit balances at connection? · the New York clearing house, even if the banks carried none, iS Mr. HENDRIX. Certainly. sufficient to pull all the-gold out of the Treasury that the export Mr. PENCE. I think it likely the gentleman ought not to be trade demands. surprised at the action of the House, made up as it is of men such How idle it is, then, Mr. Chairman, to try the experiment of as he himself described at the Baltimore conference in this lan­ hiding one-half the legal tenders. I think that if this bill fails guage: from the standpoint of Treasury relief, it fails along the whole line of its projection. We can not get rid of our $500,000,000 demand Men who never had a discount in their lives, and would not be entitled to one; whose highest occupation has been sitting on a barrel at a corner gro­ df61bt and its influences unless we treat it as honest men tl:eat hon­ cery whittling a piece of wood; others who have followed the plow a.ll day est debts and pay it. I am in favor, I repeat, of the debt-paying in the hot sun and tried to settle, bf the rule of thumb, questions of political policy, because it is the wisest and the eheapest thing to do. I am economy, over which men of scientific attainments have studied and grown gray-such men come or send their like to the ha.lls of Congress, and they in favor of it because there is no safe compromise. We have to want to dictate the financial policy of the country. squarely face the legitimate consequences of silver inflation, which, 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 645

drivin~ gold out and national-bank notes in, has created for us the laws and first-class police supervision can make it, you can not condition which confronts us. There is no excuse for any more keep it from falling to a discount. And when a train hl}s to stop compromises. The Bland-Alliso:tl. Act was a compromise. The at the borders of a State to transfer its passengers, those who Sherman law was a compromise. Both have bred mischief. What travel by that road will not go that way a second time. They evil genius in finance can lure us into any other compromise? will take some train that goes right through. Just as honest money is the cheapest money, so the honest course Mr. HALL of Missouri. Will the gentleman allow me to inter-­ ' fu finance is the cheapest course. ' rupt him? If this Congress does nothing, and gold exports continue; as now Mr. HENDRIX. Certainly. ' seems probable, the continuous issue of 5 per cent bondS will in Mr. HALL of Missouri. In the testimony before our commit­ the end equal the amount of the whole greenback issue and draw tee given by :M:r. Williams, of the Chemical N ation(ll Bank of your the legal tenders into the rreasury in displacement of the gold city, he testified thatJUoney was hard to place in New York at 1t for which the national credit is pledged. What must then follow? per cent on call. New bonds must be issued to secure other mon~ if the revenues Mr. HENDRIX. Yes. are short, or the legal tenders must be again paid out. They will Mr. ;HALL of Missouri. At the same time the evidence before again go around in the same circle of mischief. our committee showed that it was hard to get money in some parts There never was a more favorable time than the present to fund of the United States on good secmjty at 8 per cent. Under the the legal tenders. Money has never been so cheap before. There hypothesis that you have JUSt made, that under the Carlisle bill never was so much of it in the world. Trade is dull and depressed. there would be a good sound State currency, and if it is a fact It has no use for its chief tool, which is money. There probably that State bank currency would not go beyond State limits, I never will exist in the history of this country another time when want to know if that of itself would not prevent the congestion of there is so much idle capital here and abroad. It will be worth to money at the money centers of New York and make that money, our people many times the interest cost to settle this question. I what we need more than anything else, a local currency to sup­ hope I have conclusively shown that it will be worth dollars and ply the local demand in our crop season. cents to our Treasury to pay off its floating debt. Mr. HENDRIX. There is no use of making any contention to There is but one way to treat a debt, and that is to pay it when the contrary. Yourmoney will stay at home. There is no doubt you can pay it; and if you can not pay it, but have credit, get about it. It will not go abroad, and it will be sent back home someone else to carry it fo'f" you on reasonable terms until you as fast as it comes abroad to pay the bills for your produce which can discharge it. you send forward to the markets, and brokers Will be in the busi­ I want to see the ninth section amplified, and hope that this ness of collecting that kind of money, and every man who has a Congress will not adjourn without supplementing its previous bill to settle in yo;ur part of the country will go to the brokers 1 record of taking the United States Government out of the silver and see if he can not get some of that money, in order to make business by legislation that will effectually take it out of the a further profit for himself. · banking business; and I appeal to you gentlemen who constitute Mr. HALL of Missouri. There will be a national currency still the majority of the majority of the House to enact such a in existence to perform national functions, and the State money measure. to which you refer will perform local functions, which will pre­ Your section, the South, is practically the only undiscovered vent the congestion of money at money centers. country remaining to-day on the face of the globe. It has more Mr. HENDRIX. It is a false hypothesis that there is any local­ attractions for capital than any other country that I know of. It ity in money. If you can not have a money that will travel be­ has always been a favorite arena for the investment of English yond your own township you had better use eggs instead of paper. capital. You have gone through the hard times better in your [Applause.] section than any other of our people. Your debts, according to Mr. COX. The gentleman assumes that if the money will not your customs, have always been short-term debts, and not long­ go beyond "your own township you had better have eggs than term debts, as in the West; and the consequ~ce is, with the turn­ money." Sometimes they are better than money-if they are good ing of your crops you are always able to get yourselves into pretty eggs. But let me call your mind, in answer, to this question. You fair shape for the long season of suspense from business. English take a locality in the South that you gave a certain character of capital has. taken up your great railway systems, and out of all eulogy to that had about as much sting as praise in it. Now, then, of the mass of railway wreckage which marked the great panic of that country organizes its banks with notes which are absolutely 1893-94 the great artery which feeds your country is first to emerge. good. I assume that. They are so good that a man will take them You have been a brave people and have overcome great disaster. as quick as a greenback-- V' you cannot do anythin~ else when hard times come upon you, Mr. COOMBS. I suggest that the time of the gentleman ought you can put your gtm on· your shoulder or take yeur fishhook and to'be extended. • go and feed the ~ouths of your family by your own individual Mr. COX. We will ha~ no trouble about that. He will take efforts. care of himself, and you need not interfere. rLaughter.] I want to see the leaders of this great people quit patrolling the Now, then, if a bank of that character canoe located in that Mason and Dixon line with the ghost of John C. Calhoun, and to country, with the notes absolutely good, and it is for the conven­ begin to breathe in the spirit of the nineteenth century, and at­ ience of that country, would you say no? tract to the South the enterprise and the genius of adventure which Mr. HENDRIX. I want to say to the gentleman it is a very our people have shown in other sections of the country. broad proposition-- It is believed that the next great flood of immigration which comes Mr. COX. I ask you if it is absolutely as good as your nntional-1 to this country, having found the Northwest too bleak a climate, bank note would you say no? will seek the sunny land to which you belong. I believe that there Mr. HENDRIX. I may save my time by making this general :is no country upon which financiers can bank in the future so statement: I do not for the life of me see how you are going to safely as the South; for while the Northwest has to compete with keep national-bank notes throtl'gh this great territory from falling Russia and India and .Argentina, the Southhaspracticallynocom­ to a discount under this bill. petitor on the face of the earth in her cotton. What the vine is to Mr. WALKER. The Carlisle bill. France cotton is to the South. She can command the gold of the Mr. HENDRIX. The Carlisle bill. And I want to make a world at any time for her crops. Of all the people you are the last statement, that, under a regulation of the Treasury now, na­ who ought to be hovering about the question of cheap money or tional-bank notes are practically and in effect at this moment at a poor money. What you want to do, in my judgment for the ben­ discount in this country; and I will prove that statement at once. efit of the land in whichyou liveis to take yourpositionforsound After the panic of 1893, the newly issued national-bank notes money and the best money. You will do more good for all the which rushed out at its close were freely sent back to th~ Treas­ people and do more good to the South than you can by any other ury. They came in amounts so large, when the Treasury was course. . poor, that the redemption demand was too great, and the Secre­ Now, the gentleman from Tennessee rMr. Cox] thinks that he tary had to hit upon a device in order to stop it; and that device can solve the difficulties of the South by1etting loose State banks is described in the closing paragraph of the current report of the of issue all through the country. I have no objection to State Treasurer of the United States, which reads as follows: banks of discount. They are my neighbors, and they are just as After unimportant variations from month to month for a period of years good as national banks. I do not want forty-four kinds-of bank the receipts of national-bank notes for redemption were suddenly reduced notes. A first-class nation will never be content with a sedond­ by the monetary stringency of last year to the lowest point they had ever reached since the establishment of the redemption agency at Washington. class currency; and you must admit, sir, that where we have a Upon the subsidence of the panic and the return of the currency to the banks condition confronting us now, where nine different kinds of the demands for redemption increased as suddenly as they had fallen off, as­ money are held to be bothersome, a condition that would bring suming at once proportions that had not before been equaled in fifteen years, and that consequently exceeded the imm.ediate capacities of the agency. As about fifty-four different kinds of money would be a great deal a large part of the notes presented were fit for f-urther use, and as these, to· more bothersome. We are a great big people, and we stretch gether with the new notes sent to the banks in place of those canceled and from one ocean to the other and cover 3,600,000 square miles, and destroyed, were returned into circulation, there was no diminution of the amount; outstanding. A change of regulation wherP;bV the senders were r.,­ if you make every note of every State bank that you can organize quired to bear t;he charges of transportatiion had tne eftect of cutting down. anywhere in this country as good as good bankers and good State the receipts somewhat. Nevertheless, tho total for the year reached $1G5,- 646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

000.000, or more than half of the average circulation, was the heaviest since Mr. PENCE. I only wanted to ask what reS@rve is provided 1886, and, in prop~rtialue for care about it, but the great banks do not. _ gold coin, to an. amount equal to the amount of all such United States notes The issue of a bank-credit note is always a weighty transaction. and Treasury notes so redeemed, canceled, or destroyed. •• SEC. 3. That whene-.erthe amount of gold coin and gold bullion in the Treas­ It is an important thing. ury of the United States, which is not held for the redemption of gold certifi­ If the Government is uneasy-about its own credit currency and cates outstanding, falls below the amount of $100.000,000, the Secr-etary of has to assume heavy burdens to ke~p it good, it can not expect its the Treasury is hereby authorized and empowered to sell and dispose of at public or private sale, within. his discretion, any of the. bonds issued under citizens to favor a bank-note currency which issues three dolla.I:s this act, at not less than their par value in gold coin, to such an amount as based upon one such dollar. The question of a banking currency shall be necessary to restore the amount of gold coin and gold bullion in the based upon assets and a safety fund becomes so-involved in the Treasury of the United States, which is not held for th~redemption of gold certificates outstanding, to the amount of $100,000,000. conspicuous troubles of the public-credit cunen~y u-pon which it "SEC. 4. That the l::iecretary of thG Treasury is hereby authorized, within • is made in .part to lean, that fair consideration of its merits is not his discretion. to use from time to time any surplus revenue of the United possible with the Government entirely out of the banking busi­ States to redeem United States legal-tender notes. issued under the provi­ sions of the acts of February 2.5, l$2, July 11, 18G2, and March 3, 1~6.3, and ness. I am a. believer in a currency based upon all of the assets of a Treasury notes ic;

, 648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

took charge of the finances of the Goverrtment when the millions though more than thh-teen months have elapsed since the attention which had been accumulated in the Treasury of the United States of Congress was called to these matters, nothing has been either had disappeared and a surplus had given place to a deficit, more proposed or accepted by the lawmakers, and in the presence of a than a year ago, in ills first report to this Congress, called atten­ deficit of nearly S70,0QO,OOO between th~ receipts and expenditures tion to the condition of the Treasury and urged the importance of of the Govemrilent this Congress is again in session. Again the action. I quote from the first report of Secretary Carlisle, made President has called the attention of this body to the defects in to this Congress in December, 1893: our monetary system, and again the Secretary of the Treasury In the meantime it will be the duty of all who have power to influence the implores action, which must be prompt and effective if the credit course of events or to assist, by legislation or otherwiseJ in the solution of of the Government is to be sustained. He says: the grave questions presented by the altered condition or our monetary sys­ tem, to carefully consider the whole subject in all its aspects, in order that In my last annual report I called attention to the unsatisfactory condition it may be permanently disposed of by the adoption of a simple and compre­ of our financial legislation, and especially to the issue and redemption of hensive system, which will, as far as possible, relieve the Government from circulating notes by the Government, and the inability of the Secretary of the onerous obligations now resting upon it, and at the same time secure for the Treasury, under existing laws, to make prompt and adequate provision for the support of the public credit. 'l'he expenence of the fast year has • the_ use of the people a currency uniform in value and adequate in amount. confirmed and strengthened the opinions then expressed, and therefore re­ So since December, 1893, reform of our currencylaws has been spectfully but most earnestly urge upon Congress the necessity for remedial legislation during its present session. '.rhe well-known defects in our finan­ dh·ectly a subject for the consideration of the Committee on Bank­ cial system and the serious nature of the evils threatened by them have ing and Currency; and to say now at this day that it is a new idea done more during the last two years to impair the credit of the Government is for gentlemen to confess their ignorance of the duties assigned and the people of the United States, at home and abroad, and to check our them· under the rules of this House. No two men in the nation are industrial and commercial progress than all other things combined, and our first and plainest duty is to ~rovide, if possible, some effective method for the as much concerned in the proper administration of our financial prompt and permanent relief of the country from the consequences of the affairs as the President of the United States and his Secretary of pre8ent unwi,se policy. the Treasury. No one 'who knows the men will doubt the patriot­ I do not desire to reflect upon the Banking and Currency Com­ ism, the honesty of purpose and integrity of Grover Cleveland and mittee, which is composed of some of our best, most patriotic, and John G. Carlisle. able members, but I do say it does not become any member of They know that then· individual reputation, their standing that committee to complain that there is undue haste in regard amongst those who before them have held the high offices they to the proposed leg!slation. Since his entrance into the CaY>inet now occupy, their place in our country's history, depend upon of President Cleveland, Mr. Carlisle has given much thought and the success of their administration. Holding to the same political study to the great subject of currency reform, and the result of faith which they profess, believing in the ultimate triumph of the that study has been the preparation of the pending bill. principles of public policy which they entertain, I am not willing Now, some members contend that, as Mr. Carlisle prepared the to accept the results of the recent election as the death of all our bill one night and submitted it to the committee the following hopes or the blight of their reputation, for I believe when these morning, that this argues want of study and consideration of this obstructing clouds roll by there will be a brighter and more pow­ great question. Doubtless Mr. Carlisle has revolved this matter erful sun shining in the heavens. [Applause.] over in his own mind hundreds of times when all thoughts of leg­ I believe when the history of these times comes to be written islation were banished from the minds of Representatives. Doubt­ that it will be aclpwwledged by all that Grover Cleveland was a less, Mr. qhairman, he considered this subject when you and I great President, and that he will take his plaee in history along were courting the sweet repose of sleep, or when we were divert­ with the illustrious names which are immortal in fame; and I ing our minds with thoughts far different from those which oc­ believe that John G. Carlisle, even if he does not mount to a yet cupy them to-day. For on the Secretary of the Treasury rests the higher position, as I believe he will, will be regarded as great a important matter of the care of the finances, and the maintenance Secretary of the Treasury as he was a wise, just, and impartial of the credit of the greatest Republic in the world; and the act of Speaker of this House and a learned and dignified Senator of the dictating to his secretary the words of the proposed bill was the Republic. least of all the work done in its preparation. Congress met and adjourned at its long session, and although Membe s do not stop to think that it is our business to make the the danger to the country was apparent no action was taken to laws, not the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury, and he is too afford the Treasury financial relief. The Secretary was powerless, modest a man-for his greatness is unimpaired by egotism-to although he directed the attention of Congress to the situation presume to dictate to the lawmaking power. He is ready at all and called attention to the needs of legislatiop in that regard. In times to advise, eager to aid when asked, but never willing to that first report, from which I have already quoted, he said: obtrude. At the request of the committee he has prepared this So long as the Government continues the unwise policy of keeping its own bill which is now submitted to the House. That was the bill in note..'l outstanding to circulate as currencY., and undertakes to provide for their his mind which before that he had outlined to the President of redemption in com on presentation, it will be, in my opiuion essential for the the United States and which is so emphatically indorsed by Mr. Secretary of the Treasury to possess the means, or to have "the1 clear and un­ doubted authority to secure the means, which ma.yfrom time to time become Cleveland in his message. Mr. Carlisle did not contend, nor does necessary to enable him to meet such emergencies as the~one which has re­ anyone contend, that this is a perfect measure of reform or that cently occurred in our financial affairs. Under existing legislation the Treas­ it will accomplish all that could be desired in the way of relief to ury Department exercises to a larger extent than all the other financial insti­ tutions of the country combined the functions of a bank of issue; and while the country and to the Treasury. . · the credit of the Government is so strong that it may not be necessary to In drawing the bill there were several objects in view; first, to maintain at all times tho actual coin reserve which experience has shown to give the country a safe and elastic bank currency; second, to re- · be requisite iu the case of ordinary ball.king companies, still it would be mani­ lieve the Treasury from the constant drain on the gold reserve~ festly imprudent, to say the least, not to adopt sucua1hurecautionary measures as would enable the Government in times of unus monetary disturbance and third, to_give the States which des~ed it, a State bank issue. 1.o keep its faith with the people who hold its notes and coins by protecting That there was a-necessity for a change in the national banking them against the disastrous effects of an irredeemable and depreciated cur- ~aw was not only demonstrated by the experiences during the rafifule the laws have imposed upon the Treasury Department a.H the duties panic of 1893, but is admitted by all who have watched the work­ and responsibilities of a bank of issue, and to a certain extent the functions ings of the law and whose business connected them with the bank­ of a bank of deposit, they have not conferred upon the Secretary any part of ing system under _it. A convention of bankers in Baltimore, rep­ the discretion~ry powers_usual_lypossessed by the e;xecutiye heads o~ institu­ tions enanged i1i conductmg this character of finanCial busmess. He IS bound resenting 1,700national banks, of which convention the gentleman by mandatory or prohibitory provisions in the statutes to do or not do cer­ who has so recently taken his seat [Mr. HENDRIX] was a member, tain things, without regard to the circumstances which may exist at the time formulated a plan and desired the national banking system to be he is required to act, and thus he is allowed no opportunity to take advantage of changes in the situation favorable to the interests of the Government, or changed to conform to their ideas. They were looking at it purely to protect its interests from injury when threatened by adverse events or in­ from a business standpoint, and were considel'ing their own in­ fluences. He can neither negotiate temporary loans to meet casual deficien­ terests in the premises, and n·ankly so stated, when interrogated by cies nor retire and cancel the notes of the Government without substituting other currency for them when the revenues are redundant or the circulation the gentleman n·om Massachusetts (1\fr. WALKERl when then· excessive, nor can he resort, except to a very limited extent, to any o'f the representatives appeared before the 6ommittee on Banking and expedients which in his judgment may be absolutely necessary to prevent Currency. injurious disturbances of the financial situation. These consideratwns em­ phasize the necessity for such legislation as will make the Department more I agree with the gentleman n·om Massachusetts in the remark mdependent of speculative interests and operations and enable it to main­ that their plan is not worthy of consideration now, because they tain the credit of the Government upon a sound and secure basis. treated the subject from the bankers' standpoint, and did not place Congress having failed to act on these suggestions, having failed themselves in the position of the Secretaiy of the Treasury or the to either amend the law enlarging the power of the Secretary, or people. Theirs was purely a selfish proposition, and you know, to provide some adequate means of relieving the Treasury of the gentlemen of the House, that it is believed all over the country by drain upon it, the Secretary of the Treasury has been forced all thinking men that the most soulless people in all the world a:re ...... to borrow, within,twelve months, $100,000,000 in two different the bankers. Donn Piatt, I believe, gives this as the bankers' loans of $50,000,000 each; and the President has been com­ prayer: polled to proclaim to the country his determination to sanction Teach me a counterfeit to know, And bargains good to see; still further the increase of the bonded obligations of the Gov­ For quarters I to others show ernment until the only power in the nation which, under our Show fifty cents to me. Constitution, can pass laws has provided measures of relief. AI- [Laughter.] 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 649

I do not believe, however, that ,a,ny banker ever wrote that propose to carry out the pledge, and to do it in such a manner as prayer, because I do not believe that any banker ever read in a . will protect the pockets of the people from loss. Gentlemen pro­ proper spirit the original of which it is a parody. [Laughter.] fess to fear return to the "wild-cat" or "red-dog" notes of ante­ The original of that poem, says: bellum times. There is no danger of this. On this point I might That mercy I to others show simply multiply evidence indefinitely, but will content myself That mercy show to me. with an extract from the testimony of Secretary Carlisle. He fLaughter.] said: :But the gentleman who has just taken his seat was a member But I do not believe that you can reestablish what was called the wild-cat of that convention, and the plan that was then proposed was not, banking system in thE'> United States ~Y more than you can reestablish the as he stated here, to base a bank issue upon a deposit of Govern­ cop.ditions out of which the system arose. Those conditions have all passed ment bonds, but to remove the security of the Government bonds, away, and you can not ha.ve a bank of issue that could sustain itself unless its note~ are safe or reasonably safe. The educa.tion and the expel'ience of and to allow the issue to be made upon the unimpaired capital of the people of the United States for the last thirty years have carried them the bank, and to place back of it not the liability of the institution a long way beyond the point of keeping in circulation any depreciated bank that had made the issue, but of the Government of the United paper. States. Hence I fear no danger from State banks which issue notes un­ Mr. SPRINGER. Will the gentleman allow me to suggest also der this bill-free to operate if they obey the law, doomed to de­ that that convention made no proposition whatever in regard to struction if they disobey its mandates. The provisions of the bill retiring the greenbacks or funding them into bonds, which my would lead to the enactment of State laws requiring vigilant su­ friend from New York [Mr. HkNDRIX] has emphasized so much? nervision by State officials in addition to that scrutiny to which Mr. CARUTH. Not at all. They did not place themselves, as the banking concerns chartered by the States would be subjected I have said, in the position of the Secretary of the Treasury or of by the Federal authorities. But over and beyond all is the ques­ the people. Their only object seemed to be to so artange the law tion whether the pending measm·e will relieve the Treasury from as to make it profitable to the national banks to issue notes and the dangerous condition in which it was found by Mr. Carlisle impose upon the Government the duty of final redemption. The when he took charge of its affairs, and which, from the then ex­ end in view with us as legislators is to pass laws not for the bene­ isting causes, not from any fault of the party in power, has grown fit of bankers alone, but for the good of the whole people; and to worse and more alarming with each passing month. There are, do this we must not only provide a safe and stable currency, but as has been so often stated in this debate, nearly $500,000,000 of also protect the Government by measures which will maintain a our obligations outstanding which on presentation at the'Treasury sufficient reserve in gold to meet the demands of the holders of must be redeemed in gold if we would sustain om· credit as a Gov­ Government obligations. etnment, and no sooner are they redeemed than they are required It is stated by the Secretary of the Treasury, it is demonstrated of necessity to be reissued. by experience, that the $346,000,000 of greenbacks and the $152,- Had we not at the extra session of this Congress repealed the 000,000 of Treasury notes issued for the purchase of silver bullion purchasing clause of the Sherman Act our Treasury difficulties under the Sherman Act are used to reduce the gold in the Tr~as­ would have ahnost overwhelmed us and brought discredit to the ury and to coerce the issue of bonds. nation. Hence I am astoniShed to hear gentlemen on this floor, This policyhas forcedanadditionof$100,000,000tothebondedin­ men whose ability and statesmanship I have admired, congratu­ terest-bearing debt of the Government within the last year; and late themselves that they ilid not favor the repeal of this obnoxious there is no telling to what extent t~e United States will be com­ law. The great question is, how shall we stop the flow of gold pelled to go in this matter unless this Congress enacts some reme­ out of the Treasury and out of the country? Mr. Richard P. ' dial legislation. In the plan now before this House is suggested Rothwell, one of the witnesses before the Committee on Banking to Congress amendments to the national banking law, the two and Currency, gave the figures setting out the situation, as fol­ objects being to give a safe elastic currency and at the same time lows: stop the drain on the public Treasury. Ifthisbillbyitsprovisions .A13 the Sherman .Act inspired apprehensions as to our ability to maintain accomplishes these two desn·ablepurposes, ought it not, gentlemen, gold payments, the effect was to encourage exports of gold. to pass both Houses of Congress and become the law of the land? I . NET EXPORTS OF GOLD. I have read with great interest the statements of the bankers and Years ending June :l}- of the students of finance before the Committee on Banking and Currency, and find that all admit that the provisions of the bill will give a safe cmTency; that there is no danger of loss to the lE ==:::: ======~~~=~~======~==~~======~======~==== s:: t!:!i 156, 132. 4ZJ note holder, and that in reality the security is much greater than Sherman .Act notes outstanding June 30,1893 ... ------·------·-- 14.6,3-ll,386 is necessary. In this all the witneiSesbeforethecommitteeagree. It will be noticed ·that the country's loss in gold was substantially the Nor is it denied th~t this measure will provide elasticity in the amount of the issues under the Sherman law. , cuiTency. \ That bill was" a political makeshift." We so denounced it in I can not, within the time at my disposal, review the provisions our platform and demanded its repeal, and it ill becomes Demo­ of the bill which will bring aooutthese desirable results; but there crats who arraign our party for alleged violation of party pledges is no questiofl. that this bill mil n.ccomplish the purposes in view. to raise their hands to high Heaven and thank their Maker that Many matters of doubt have been removed by the provisions of they did not vo~ to carry out this promise, as solemnly made to the substitute which will be offered by the chall.·man of the com­ the country as any contained in 'the resolutions of the Demo­ mittee, and many objecti,.ons to the details of the measure as orig­ Tatic national convention. inally reported have also 'been met in the perfected bill, such as But, Mr. Chairman, the pending measure will at least lock up removing the ultimate liability for the notes of the failed banks from circulation, of these dangerous legal-tender and Sherman by all the organizations of the system and the removal of the notes, 30 per cent of the amount of the circulation of the national mandatory 1 equ~rement that existed in the original bill requiring banks and 30 per cent of the amount of -the circulation of the State national banks on the 1st of July next to enter under the new banks operating under the provisions of this law. Whilst this system. The substitute leaves this optional with the banking con­ bill will not give entire, it will give partial relief, and under the cerns. As now perfected, the bill gives the banks the right to discretion given the Secretary of the Treasury to retire the notes issue up to 75 per cent of their unimpall.·ed capital by a deposit of out of the surplus revenue these greenbacks and Sherman notes 30 per cent of its circulation in greenbacks or legal-tender notes, may finally be eliminated, retired, and destroyed, as all admit they instead of requiring a deposit of Government bonds, and giving a should be. circulation of 90 per cent of the par value of the deposited Govern­ Mr. McMILLIN. If it will not intemupt my friend from Ken­ ment obligations. It reduces the tax to one-half of 1 per cent, tucky, I would like to know what it is proposed to bank on when payable semiannually, and provides a way of raising additional they are destroyed. They are the basis of thl:s currency and it notes by removing the limitation of the act of July l2, 1882. seems to me that to authorize their destruction is to authorize the To this extent it helps the banks; but in so doing it helps the destruction of the voo:y system we propose to enter upon. people by giving a larger and a more elastic volume of currency. Mr. CARUTH. That is provided for in the bill, so as to leave It gives ample security to the note holder, and there is no danger sufficient basis for the circulation. Certainly you can not retire of the loss of a single dollar. Experience demonstrates that the the 30 per cent that is put up for banking purposes. security is far beyond the demand of safety, and the testimony of Mr. McMILLIN. You could if any bank wishing to surrender the bank experts who have been heard by the committee beru.·s its charter saw fit to go and present them. this out. There is, therefore, so far as national banks them­ Mr. CARUTH. The provision in the bill is that the amount selves are concerned, or the holders of the notes they issue, no shall not exceed 70 per cent. I will ask the chairman of the Com- danger of there being any alarn1 created in the public mind by mittee on Banking and Currency if that is not so? ' the passag_e of this bill. Good, and not evil, will result. So far Mr. SPRINGER. Yes; that is to say, the net increase under as the State bank issues a1·e concerned there need be no fear. the new law. , We told the people in 1892 that if placed in power the Demo­ Mr. McMILLIN (to Mr~ SPRINGER). What is the gTeatest cratic party would repeal the obstruction in the wat of the issue amount that could be destroyed under your bill? of notes by banks incorporated under State laws. In this bill we Mr. SPRINGER. If no new banks are established and t!e capi-

' 650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4, tal stock of none is inc;eased, the State banks and the national belong. With the passage of this measure we can submit the banks, having together an aggregate capitalization of a thousand work of this body to the people of this country. We can point to millions, could take out only S750,.000,000, and 30 per cent of that the ballqt box rescued fTom the interference of Federal authority. would be $22J,OOO,OOO, which would be the aggregate amount that We can show red-p.ced expenditures of the people's money. We could be retired under the total capitalization of all the banks. have given the country tariff reform; and if we pass this measure Mr. McMILI)N. While we are on that subject, inasmuch as we will give it houest money. The people will do us justice_. you authorize the continuance of banking on the bonds, if existing Each passing day will add to our party's strength; and before banks should continue on the .bonds_, then there could be a total many months have fled into the past we shall find the- destruction of the other circulation~ Winter of our discontent _ 1\.Ir. CARUTH. If all of the banks continued on the bond basis, Made glorious summer; * * * t that would be true; but we are offering in this bill great induce­ And all the clouds, that lowered about our house, ments for the national banks to organize under this system,_ and In the deep bo_som of the ocean buried. to abandon the old one. [Applause.] 1\Ir. LACEY. I understand the gentleman from Kentuc}cy to Mr. Chairman, how much time have I remairring? claim that the issuance of what were called theSherman notes re­ The CHAIRMAN. Six minutes. sulted in the driving of an equivalent amount. of gold from the Mr. CARU'I'H. I yield the residue of my time to the gentleman country. . from Iowa [1\ir. liEPBUR::-l"]. M.r. CARUTH. That is the testimony. 1\lr. HEPBURN. :Mr. Chairman, in common with all other Mr.' LACEY. Now, on what basis do you claim, or do you members of this House, I was much instruded and greatly inter­ claim at all, that the issuance of additional bank currency will not ested by the remarks made this morning by the gentleman from operate in thB same way? New Yoxk [Mr. HENDRIX]. There was something in the manner l\Ir. CARUTH. I want to relieve the TreasUl'y. I am not car­ of_ the gentleman, however, not altogether pleasing. I have ing whether gold goes out of the country or not, provided there is noticed that gentlemen who on the floor of this House herald enough left to meet thSc obligations of the Government and the themselves as "national bankers" and "presidents of national needs of the people. _ banks" have a somewhat ora-eular way of expressing their opinions 1\Ir. SPRINGER. The bank cunency will be redeemed by the on this question of finance-they knowing all about ·it, and no banks, while the Sherman notes have to be redeemed by the Gov­ one else having any knowledge of value upon the subjeotl ernment of the United States. The gentleman's self-laudation upon this question is somewhat Mr. LACEY. So the gentleman from Kentucky thinks that an impaired by my recollection of a speech that he made sixteen equal amount of gold will be displa-cedand sent abroad. ~ months ago at a time when all the conmtions prevailing now were­ Mr. CARUTH. No; I do not think so. then existing. There was the same demand for gold abroad; Mr. SPRINGER. Not by this bill. There will be a demand there was the same policy of the Treasury D~partment to pay it for it in thia country. out without the exercise of any discretion as to the amount of the Mr. CARUTH. Nowf Mr. Chairman,_ it is easier to criticise payments which might be made. . There was the same '' menacing than it is tq create. It is easier to pull down than it is to build presence of the greenback" and of the Treasury note. Yet th-e up. It takes an architect to plan a beautiful structure, and it gentleman at that tinie had another panacea for all those ills. He ' takes a skilled and experienced artisan to erect the building ac­ then told us that the remedies for the evils then menacing the cording to the plan, but an untutored hod carrier, an ignorant la­ cotmtry were exceedingly simple. He told us then-on the 12th borer, can pull it down, brick from brick, and raze it to the ground. of August, 1893-that all that was necessary for this Congress to I have thought of this during the discussion of the pending meas­ do was to repeal the Sherman law. His language was: ure-. Many gentlemen have criticised it. Many have found fault Repeal the Sherman law, gentlemen; adjourn and go home; and let the with its various provisions, but no one has produced a better bill. country take care of the rest~ Some say that while they admit the condition of the Treasury and That was his advice to us sixteen months ago. Further on he deplore the situation of the country t they will not vote for any told us: mea-sure which does not carry out their own peculiar views. They This whole country is b~~ging of you for God's sake to repeal, and to repeal want free silver or they will not take anything. They know they quickly. Now, these are me propositions that come- before this House-. In can not get this, but they do not know that even if they had it it thiB hom· of dire distress, when as good men as ever trod the earth's surface are throwing up their hands in despair and going down under the wave of would relieve the difficulties of the Treasury. disaster; when solvent ba-nks that have stood np in pride against all of the l\1en say that this measure is purely experimental. So would winter storms and the summer heat of finance have gone down and their that measure be; it would be purely experimental. I recollect, presidents, perhaps, or their cashiers in extreme mortification take their own lives; when humiliation has come up~n honorable business men who never Mr. Chairman, to have heard one of the most distinguished edi­ disregarded an obligation and novel' had a dishonest dollar; when all the tors and most eloquent orators of this country say when discussing whole United States is on its knees praying to Congress for God's sake tore- the silver question that he had for thirty years been a writer a~d peal the Sherman silver law and let us alone. · speaker upon economic and financial questions, and that it was Then these gentlemen, these oracles in finance, these bank pres.. his business as such a writer and speaker to be familiar with all idents, these men who know all about--this subject and refuse the matters regarding the finances of the country, and he sa.id: ''Now, right of judgment to any other class of men-these "wise men " at the end of that time, I am willing to make a confession that I told us that all that was necessary to relieve us from all the evils know nothing whatever about the silver question, and never-in of the situation then existing-the situation now being as then­ all my life knew but four men who did." [Laughter.] ."Of those. was to repeal the purchasing clause of the Sherman Act. And foru· men, two are dead, and the other two never had a dollar in when the House has yielded to their demand, and when no 1·elief their lives." fLaughter.] / . has come, knowing that' the same conditions exist, they must ex­ But these advocates of this idea are--willing to defeat all finan­ cuse us if we hesitate somewhat to follow their oracular demands cial legislation at this session rather than s11rrender their pet any further. [Applause.l views. They would let this Congress die on the 4th of March 'fhe gentleman from New York (Ml·. HENDRIX], in my judg- ~ ne.xt and be succeeded by a Republican Congress. • They would ment, Mr. Chairman, has poirited out tmwittingly the road that let that Congress wrestle with the great financial pl'Oblem, solve leads from the evils that are now upon us. He told us that the it in some manner, and receive credit for so doing. It is not so great banking houses of Europe exercise a discretion as to the ex­ much opposition to this bill that inspires gentlemen on the other tent they depleted their vaults of gold. Why should not the Sec­ side of this House in their fight as the fear lest the Democratic retary of the Treasury exercise- the same discretion in this coun­ paTty will be equal to the emerge-ncy and enad this measure into tl·y? [Applause.] He told us that the exercise of this discretion law. on the part of the Bank of France-this refusal to pay golcl above WhyJir. Chairman, the. great difficulty with the Democratic 5 per cent .of the demand made, had not affected and dicl not im­ party is not want of ability; it has a superbundance of ability. pair the'credit of that institution. If that bank, with its limita­ It is not want of leadership; it has too many leaders. It is not tions-limitations of capital, limitations of resources-will not be the need of a general; there are too many gener~ filld no privates impaired when its own paper is presented by exercising this dis­ in the Democratic ranks. rLaughter.] I hope now, however, cretion, who dares to claim that this great nation of ours, with when we are about to surre-n"iler control of the legislative- body of sixty-three billions of wealth behind it, with a taxing power with­ the nation to om· successful opponents., we will lay aside our out limitation, can be disturbed in its credit by refusing to pay pride of opinion, and although it may not carry out our particular gold at the mere demand of the shylocks, whose only purpose is views or. be in accordance with our individual ideas-although it to deplete the Treasm·y for foreign shipment? [Applause.] I do may not be the offspring of our brains, let us tmite in support of not believe it. It is a slander. It is a calumny upon the people a measure of relief for a distressed country and a suffering people. of the United States and a misrepresentation of the wonderful I had hoped, Mr. Chail'Inan, at the outset that th,js matter might resources of this great nation. [Prolonged applau e.] ha7e been handled in a spirit of patriotism, without the bias of The CHAIRMAN. The time of the· gentleman from Iowa has partisanship. But if gentlemen on th'e other side of the Honse expired. wish to 12lace the eli tire responsibility on the party in power, I ac­ Mr. HARTl\!AN. I ask unanimous consent that the ge:ptleman cept the~sue, and believe the passage of the pending bill will from Iowa may be permitted to proceed ten minutes longer. redound to the interests of the political organization to which I There was rio objection. v' 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOifSE·. 651

Mr. PENCE. Before the gentleman from Iowa resumes will he The following bill, having been presented to the President De­ pel"'Ilit me to ask a question? cember 22, 1894, and not having been retm-ned by him to H~use Mr. HEPBURN. I yield for that pm·pose. of Congress in which it originated within the ten days prescnbed lfr. PENCE. Why, can the gentleman ~te, hav~ not ~heRe­ by the Constitution, it has become a. law without his approval: publican SecretarieS- of the Treasury exerciSed the discretion and An act (H. R. 4686-) to correct the military record of .Alexander used the option in the way he now suggests? P. Magaan, of Battery H, Fourth Unitesl States .Artillery. 1\Ir. HEPBURN. The gentleman from Colorado ought to know CURRENCY. that I, the speaker now occupying the flo?r, have never been l?ec­ retarv of the Treasury. When I am I Will answer the question. The committee again resumed its session, Mr. RICHARDSON of rLau~O'hter and applauseo} It is true that no Secretary of the Tennessee in the chair. 'l'reas~y has exercised this discretion in the past. Why i~ ha.s Mr. DINGLEY. 1\11,-. Chairman, the pending bill proposes two not been exercised I do not know. But I am as firmly convmced important objects: First, a radical revision of the banking sy~tem as that I am alive that if the Secretary of the Treasury was now of the United States and ~ readjustment of our currency; and, to exercise ·it, paying out the gold when legitimate redemption second the relief of the necessities of the Federal Treasury. is demanded, and refusing to pay it out. when the sole and only Perhaps I should reverse the order in which I have stated the-two purpose is to deplete the Treasury .of this country, when the de­ objects, because nearly every gentleman who has advocated the passacre of this bill, from the Sec.retary of the T1·easury down, has sire is for shipments abroad, the evp.s_ that ~e suffer frOJ!l would cease to exist. r Applause.] But, Mr. Charrman, there :m no re­ prese~ted as the main consideration for its passage ~the claim that lief from this ditnculty in any measure that th~se gentlemen of it would relieve the necessities of the Treasury. It must be admitted that both these objects are important. the the Banking Committee have proposed. ~~ey srmply pn?pose to relieve the Treasury of the duty of proVIding gold, while they relief of the necessities of the Treasm-y being pressing and imme­ ' make no effort whatever to relieve the country from this constant diate while the remodeling pf the banking system and of the cm·­ drain on its gold resources. rency may be deferred. Indeed, it may be defe1:'re?- for the time The remedy is in forcing, so fa1· as legislative action can do it, beinO' without any injm·y, for the reason that It 1s conceded by the balances in favor of this nation. [Applause.] We often read, all gentlemen acquainted with the finances of this country that for the present at least, while the business of the c?untryisso de­ ~d many men are deluded into the I?elief, that balances of tr!lde i:6. many years are in favor of the Umted States. I assert, With­ moralized we hMTe more cm·rency than we are usmg. At every great in this cotmtry there is lying idle to-day a vol­ out any fear o~ successful contradiction, that in no year during cent~r laJ"g~ the last fifty have the grand balances been in favor of the United ume of existing currency unused-unused because there. lB no States. The customs balances often are, but these balances are, profit in its use. Business is impaire?- and the_ cons~ption of made up of only a part of the it-ems of debit. They leave out e!l­ the country has declined nea.rly one-third. When busrness shall tirely the item of undervaluations, p1·obably more than fifty mil­ revive as we hope it will at an eady day, then we shall need lions the year before last. They leave out of account the 88 per more ~urrency undoubtedly. And at an early ~ay there sho~d cent of one hundred and thirty millions that we pay each year to be provision for such an amendment of our banking laws as will foreign shipowners in the ocean carrying trade; they leave out meet this demand when it shall come. the thousand dollars per capita spent t>y 90,000 American travel­ But the pressing need for legi~.tion on the part of th~ 9ongress ers in Europe each year, and they lea;ve <:mt the mterest a:nd the to-day is in reference to the relief of the present necessities of the profits sent abroad upon for~~ capital mvested her~, estimated Treasury of the United States. at more than one hundred millions. Add these four Items to the Now. if this bill will relieve the necessities of the Treasury of balance of the debit account and you will find that there are many the United States, so far it may commend.its~lf to "!18· I h~ve been listening to this discussion fr.om the ~egrnnmg With c~nsiderable millio~s against us every year demanding, m~k;ing ~perative, interest because I have looked upon 1t as a purely busmess ques­ the shipment abroad of our gold. The remedy lS m buymg noth­ ing abroad that we can make within the limits of the United tion. From my point of view there is no paJ"tisanship t~at should States rprolonged applause. ] ; by wholesome and proper bounties be involved in the consideration of such a question as this. What is sound and conducive to the prosperity of this country, for you,r \.. on ship'6uilding, restoring the Americ~n flag to the ocean, to en­ able us to do our own carrying trade m om· own bottoms. [Re- interest and mine, is a purely business question; and I am not newed applause.] . disposed, notwithstanding the reflections on the Republican party Let us, Jlrir. Chairman, by these means force these balances !D. that we have had to such an extent from some gentlemen on the our own favor and relieve ourselves somewhat from the dram other side, to depart in the consideration of this question from which the accumulation of capital from abroad forces upon the a strictly business point of view. When the gentleman from Kentu~ky [Mr. ~cqREARY] was people of this country.. Let us ha~e mor~ and g.r;eater use of the bolmties that God has g1ven to us m the .silver mmes of the West. speaking yesterday he declared that unless this bill shoul.d ~~ [Applause.l We can then do as we please upon this question of passed before adjournment it would become necessar;y: Wit~ one year to issue from one hundred to one hl?D-dred a;nd fifty ~­ money. When we have no debts t

652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

financial di:ffifulties lies right here. I will not enter into a dis­ without paying the tax-the Government losmg the wastage as cussion of the qu~stion as to what has caused this falling off of well as the interest on the deferred tax. The result is that instead revenue. I simply point to the fact that, after constantly ~ain­ of whisky coming out of bond at the p1·esent time and paying the taining revenue at a point that met current peace expenditures tax that would have been paid without this legislation, the Gov­ every year from 1861 to 1893, commencing with the latter year we ernment is issuing bonds on which it is 'Paying interest, that the have had a continuous deficiency for eighteen months, and one whisky distillers ought to have paid. that is likely to be continuous for the next six months. And the It is such legislation as this that is making our deficiency tmder fact that this has existed so long has caused a disturbed financial the new tariff. It is done and can not be remedied; but it is within situation in this country, which has affected us in every direction, the power of this Congress, within ten days, to put upon the stat­ even the private business of our 70,000,000 of people. ute book an act that will add $30.000,000 to the revenues of this And I may remark, parenthetically, that the statement-so fre­ countrywithoutdisturbinganybodythatoughtnottobedisturbed. quently made on the other side-that this deficiency has been Yet we fritter away our time here, amusing ourselves with the caused by the tariff legislation of 1890., is disproved by the fact idea that we are going to relieve the Treasury by passing this bill that for three years after that legislation was enacted-viz, in th~ when its passage would do nothing of the kind. fiscal years ending June 30,1891, 1892,and 1893_.:._therevenueunder THE RUN ON THE OOLD REDEMPTION FUND. that law, notwithstanding it surrendered nearly sixty millions per Now, Mr. Chairman, there is another difficulty which the Treas­ annum by the abolition of the duty on raw sugar, was ample each m·y has to encounter, and I want to ask whether this bill meets year to meet the current expenditures and pay the interest on the that. That is tlle fact, that during the last two years there has public debt, including pensions, and leave a surplus each year, been a run on the gold redemption fund by the holders of United and that it was only after its repeal had been determined upon States notes and Treasury notes presenting them for payment. and it was understood that another and revolutionary 'POlicy was Here are the official figures of redemption for each year since to be substituted, that a deficiency appea.Ted. 1879: ' Now, in my judgment, we shall not have any marked revival of confidence nor any noteworthy revival of business until the Gov­ United States notes and Treasu111 notes 1·edeemed in gold, by calendar years. ernment of the United States oots the ~xample of providing reve­ Year. United Treasury I T tal nue equal to its expenditures. There are peculiar ch-cumstances States notes. notes. 0 • , that make this specially necessary in our ca-se. As has already ; been said in the progress of this debate, we are undertaking to do not only the legitimate work of Government, but we are also under­ taking to do a banking business on the _larg~st ~cal~ ever ~o~. Who ever heard of a bank or any fiducmry m stitution marntam­ ing the confidence of its customers when every month its revenue wa-s less than its expenditures? And if possible, confidence in the finances of a government is more dependent on the raisin6 of reve­ nue thatmeets the ordinary expenditures of a peace establishment than it is in the case of the individual. Now, then, the first question that I asked myself and now ask the committee-be0ause I consider that as vital in any measure that promises to restore confidence in the finances of the Government and of the country-is, Does this bill in any: way tend to make the revenue equal to expenditures? Will any gentleman inform me, TotaL------~ ------221,760,051 70,849,339 292,609,390 and, if so, how? It is evident that it does not. It does not touch the question, even. Well, if 1t does not, how is the passage of the Wit}lin the la-st two years it appears that $218,000,000 of legal bill going to restore confidence in the finances of the Government tender demand notes (the volume of outstanding greenb cks be- and in the business of this country? ing $346,000,000, and of Treasurynotes$153,000,000) have been pre If there were in this bill a proposition to raise more revenue, a sented to the Treasury for redemption in gold, and have been proposition that ought to have been presented to this House and redeemed; and on being redeemed have been reissued, and are passed long ago to make up this deficiency, that would be a ground coming up again and again to. the Treasury unless confidence shall for a restoration of confidence. You willimpartnoconfidence by be restored. Between October 1 and January 1 of the past year legislation until you dD that, or bring revenue up to the point of $42,753,657 were redeemed-neaTly $32,000,000 in December. expenditilres. . On the 1st of March, 1893, there was in the gold redemption fund •Ah, but it is said that a.fter the first of next July, when this $107,000,000. This fund had been maintained at a minimum limit fiscal year is over, then wehope existinglawswillgive us revenue of $100,000,000,frequentlyreaching $130,000,000,since the resump sufficient. That may or may not be the case. But what are you tion of specie payment in 1879, and not one hour had it been suf going to do in the metmtime? You have nm on hope for eighteen fered to fail below that minimum; and during that time, up to months, and "hope deferred maketh the heart sick." Is it not 1893, very few legal-tender demand. notes had been presented for about time to have some fruition? Indeed, in view of the fact payment. . that your new revenue law failed in the last three months to pay Perfect confidence has been maintained-maintained simply the expenses by over $28,000,000, there is. no d~u'J?t it will fail for because the Government of the United States having a revenue the next th~ee monthS to the e~ent of man~ milh?ns; .and ?Y the greater than its expenditure, and having a gold redemption fund time the income tax shall begm to come m, which 1t will not maintained at a minimum of $100,000,000, everybody h~d perfect until about the 15th of June, you will have added, between the confidence that if he should go to the Treasury at any time with 1st of January and the 15th of June, perhaps, $30,000,000 more a legal-tender demand note he could obtain payment, and having to your deficiency; and yet a bill which does not propose to raise that confidence he preferred the note to the gold. Confidence in a dollar of additional revenue is. presented as som~thing which matters of this kind is a very peculiar thing and we have to deal will relieve the necessities of the Treasury. with it as we find it. • It is true that there are some peculiar circumstances that have I remember hearing of an excellent citizen who, having heard prevented the tariff act of August 28last from yielding the rev- n. flying rumor that a savings bank in which he had a deposit had enue that it was expected to do during this fiscal year. In the failed, at once rushed to the bank. When he got into the bank first place it gave sufficient notice to all the whisky distillers in ing room he threw down his deposit book and said, "I want my • the land that there was to be an increase of 20 cents per gallon in money." The ,treasurer of the bank at once went to his cash the tax so that every one,of them took out of bond and paid the drawer and proceeded to count out the money, and when he had old tax'on a sufficient amount to carry the country through for got it and counted it to see that the amount was correct the old perhaps this year. Quaker, looking somewhat nonplussed, said," Well, thee has the Then, again, when you put a duty of 40 per cent upon raw sugar money, has thee?" ''Ofcourse we have," replied the bank officer. ample opportunity was given to the sugar trust to import raw "Well, if thee has it, I don't want it; but if thee hasn't the money, sugar sufficient to carry the country through nearly a year before I want it ri~ht off." rLaughter.] Now, that illustrates this mat­ the duty <5n sugar took effect; and notwithstanding legitimately ter of confidence. So1ong as you can maintain perfect confidence you should have had $10,000,000 of revenue within the last quarter that an institution or government will redeem its promises on de f.rom the sugar tax you had less than $2,000,000. I am glad, for mand, there is no question about them; but to maintain such con one, that the sugar trust has not made anything out of this grab. fidenco you must have some reality as a basis. It is not a ques They imported so much raw sugar that they broke the market, and tion of mere faith in somebody. The confidence must be based on they have not as yet been able to raise the price of sugar to accord the actual existence of a fund that can be used at a moment's with the increase of the duty. They 'vill do it, however, as soon as warning, and also upon perfect confidence in the promisor; and this stock is exhausted. in the case of a government. based also on the fact that its reve Then there was that most absurd piece of legislation ever ~n- nues exceed its expenditures. acted, the extension for five years of the period during which Now, as I have said, from 1879 to 1893 0\11' Treasury, preserving whisky could remain in bond to age and become more valuable, , the conditions which give confidence namely, a revenue larger I 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ' 653

than the expenditure, and a gold redemption-fund never allowed their bUBiness in that way, I think they would come to ruin very to fall a dollar below what the public-believed.to be the minimum soon. point of safety, ha-d no demand for gold. But the moment those Mr. BLAND. May I ask the gentleman a question right there? COILditions changed and public confidence was disturbed, no mat- Mr. DINGLEY. Yes, sir. ter for what cause, then people immediately began to discover Mr. BLAND. Since the gentleman has criticised the action of that they had great need for gold, and there has consequently been the House upon this question-he and I may differ as to the pro­ a run upon the gold redemption fund during the past two years priety of the measure of which I am about to speak, but certainly to the extent of $218,000,000, which could not be met by the gold we did pass a bill which would have given the Treasury at least revenue from customs. In shct-t, notwithstanding the issue of $50,000,000 of revenu11 a bill which was vetoed. $100,000,000 of 5 per cent bonds, yielding $117,000,000, the gold re- Mr. DINGLEY. Yo what does the gentleman refer? demption fund fell at one time to $52,000,000, and it is now only Mr. BLAND. I refer to the seigniorage bill, which proposed $80,000,000. to tm;n over to the Treasury $55,000,000, a bill which was vetoed. And, Mr. Chairman, I ask again what does this bill do with ref- Mr. DINGLEY. Oh, that would have made the difficulty erence to meeting the necessities of the Treasury in that direction? greater by increasing distrust, as it would have taken away part I have pointed out that it does not provide more revenue. When of the bullion behind the Treasury notes and used it to pay cur­ any individual finds that he has not sufficient revenue to meet rent expenses. his paper as it matures-, if he has credit and does not propose Mr. BLAND. I said that perhaps the gentleman and I might to repudiate and go into bankruptcy, he goes out and borrows, perhaps differ as to the propriety of the measure. does he not? Is there any other way? Is there any other way for Mr. DINGLEY: If that bill had been passed, the Treasury, in­ a man or for a Government to pay debts at maturity, when for stead of having one·hundred and forty-one millions of demand the time being there is not sufficient revenue to do it, than to go notes to redeem the past year, would have had many more; and out and borrow? I do not know of any other. I have heard, of instead of two bond issues we should have had several more. course, of the John-.Law method of obtaining money which was Mr. BLAND. That may be; but the gentleiD6.n was talking resorted to in times past, but it never has worked successfully and about deficiencies in the Treasury and the issue of bonds to meet it never will work successfully. Now, the Government of the those deficiencies. United States during the past eighteen months has not had suf- Mr. DINGLEY. The measure to which the gentleman refers ficient revenue to meet its expenditures, and what must it do? was simply robbing Peter to pay Paul; that was all there was. of it. There was but one thing to do in the absence of revenue and the Mr. BLAND. You are robbing both by this means. neglect of Congress to provide for more revenue, and that was for Mr. CHILDS. There is one question I should like to ask the the Government to go out and borrow. Do gentlemen know of gentleman from. MaiJle. He has said that he would authorize the any other patent method? I do not. I have notic(\d in the papers Secretary of the Treasury to sell a 3 per cent bond-- that there have been bodies of people meeting to protest against Mr. DINGLEY. A bond bearing interest not exceeding 3 per the issue of interest-bearing bouds in time of pea~e. It is an well cent. enough to resol-..e, but do those people act upon that :principle in Mr. CHILDS. For the double purpose of providing a redemp­ their own business? If they have not revenue suffiCient to pay tion fund and of meeting the current expenses of the Government. their bills as they mature are they not flying around trying to I should like to ask him how long he would have that condition of borrow of somebody? I do not know how it may be with the rest things continue? of you, but that is what I have to do, unless I propose to repudi- Mr: DINGLEY. I have· ah'eady said that if ·I could have my ate and 150 into bankruptcy. way in reference to this matter the first thing I would do, con- Now, if the revenue has been less than the exp~nditures, as it currently with conferring this authority to issue bonds, would be has been during the past eighteen months to the extent of $98,- to take measures to make the revenue equal to the expenditure. 500,000, ~hen, in order to meet our obligations as they mature, we I consider that a primary duty. [Applause on the Republican . must go out and borrow. Is there any doubt about that? Is side.] B11t exigencies are liable at any time to arise during which there any otherwayof carrying on this Government? Now, there the revenue may not be 'equal to the expenditure; and the Sec­ is not a line on the statute book -that authorizes the Secretary of retary of the Treasury ought to have authority to meet such exi­ the Treasury to issue bonds to meet a deficiency in the Treasury; gencies at all times, especially now that such an exigency is upon not a line. For the past two years he has been asking Congress us. I agree, however, entirely with my friend that the idea of to enact a law giving him authority to issue a low-interest bearing issuing bonds w maintain a chronic deficiency is one which can bpnd to meet this deficiency and m~intain the gold redemption not be entertained for a moment. This deficiency has been ru.D.­ fund, but you have refused to do 1t, and the Secretary of the ning eighteen months; and it has grown to be pretty chronic. If Treasury has in the meantime been whipping the devil around there is any measure which gentlemen who control this House the stump trying to meet the deficiency. What has he been doing? ought to adopt it is one to immediately provide revenue sufficient He has turned to the act of 1875, which authorizes the issue of 5 to meet expenditures, so this deficiency may not continue. This per cent ten-year bonds, for the purpose of maintaining the re- ought to have been done a year ago. demption fund, and, under the plea of maintaining that fund, he The trouble was that the tariff act of August 28, 1894, was, in all has used the mo:r;tey in very large part to meet the deficiency, and except three respects, a :~;evenue-destroying measure, not a reve­ l do not condemn him for doing it. If I had been in i'Jie same nue-raisingmeasure. In threerespectsonlywasitameasuretoin­ position I would have done exactly the same thing. Salus populi crease revenue--the imposition of 40 per cent duty upon raw sugar, suprema lex. · the levying of 20 cents additional tax upon whisky, and the im- ·Mr. BRYAN. Do I understand the gentleman to say that the position of the income tax, from which we shall receive no benefit Secretary of the Treasury has asked for authority to issue a bond until the beginning of the next fiscal year. - In almost every other for the purpose of obtaining money to pay the expenses of the Gov- respec~ that bill was a revenue-destroying measure. ernment? Now, Mr. Chairman, I was inquiring what there is in this bill Mr. DINGLEY. I so understand. which would aid in maintaining a redemption fund. There is no Mr. BRYAN. I thottght his request had been for authority t9 provision for more revenue. There is no provision for the issue issue gold for redemption purposes. of a bond bearing interest not exceeding 3 per cent. To maintain Mr. DINGLEY. I think his request has been for both. There that fund, if it is to be maintained, the Secretary of the Treasury need be no misunderstanding about that. He must have the must go on, so far a-s ~e have had any legislation up to date, authority for both purposes. I am not going to condemn the Sec- issuing an antiquated 5 per cent ten-year bond at great disadvan­ retary of the Treasury for straining the law of 1875. tage and cost to the Treasury when a 2t per cent bond could be Mr. BOUTELLE. He has authority to issue bonds for redemp- floated the moment it is understood that this nation proposes to tion purposes now. · . have revenue sufficient to pay its expenses. There is nothing of Mr . .DINGLEY. He has authopty to issue bonds for redemp- that kind in this bill. tion purposes, and yet we have hall $98,500,000 of deficiency, and How i"! it supposed, then, that this bill is going to aid in main­ the money which he bas obtained ostensibly for the redemption taining.a redemption fund? In two directions it is argued it may fund has been used in part in meeting that deficiency in the Treas- do so. First, it is said that so far as the banks avail themselves ury. There was no other course open to the Secretary unless he of the prRvisions of this mea-sure for reorganization they will be proposed to have this Government go to protest, and I would not required"'to deposit 30 per cent of the circulation they take out in vote to-day to CJ;>ndemn him for taking the course that he did legal-tender notes-not to be canceled of course-to be held there take. The Government must be preserved. as long as the bank has the circulation outstanding. In addition But I do condemn this House and Congress for not giving him 1--to that it is provided that the surplus revenue·shall be used for plain, clear authority to issue bonds bearing not more than 3 per the purpose of calling in and canceling the legal-tender notes to cent interest, for the double purpose of meeting any deficiency in the extent of 70 per cent of the increase of bank currency. Now, the Treasury and of maintaining the gold l'edemption fund, in this last provision, in view of what has been going on for eighteen consequence of which failure he has been obliged t-o issue 5 per months past, will certainly not afford us a great deal of relief cent ten-year bonds atgreatdisadvantageand cost to the country, within the life of some of us who are now living-certainly not when he might have made a loan at 2t per cent if we had given for a year. It does not m~et the present exigencies at all. And him authority to do so. _Now, if private individuals should run as to the deposit provision of the bill, it is to be borne in mind , ' 654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4, that such a provision would be availed of slowly by the nationnl withdrawn from circulation, then nearly all of the three hundred banks. There are now about $200,000,000 of circulation out. and thirty-seven millions of such certificates would be kept in Suppose this proposed measure should be availed of to the extent circulation for daily use amongst the people and would not ac­ of the whole two hundred millions, which it would not be within cumulate in the money centers to be used for the payment of gold six months or a year, you would have withdrawn and put on duties. Then we should receive gold into the Treasury for customs deposit in the Treasm·y only sixty millions of legal-tender notes. duties instead of silver certificates. I regard that as the most You'change the place, but you still keep the pain. The with­ valuable provision there is in this bill, and I hope, as I have said, drawal of sixty or one hundred millions of dollars of the five hun­ it will be taken from it and put in a 1;>osition where it can pass dred millions of legal-tender demand notes outstanding will not before the end of the session. take a way the means for making demana. on the Treasury. Where is the relief to come in during_the time in which relief is GOVER1<-"YENT NOTES .A.S OURRENC,Y. absolutely necessary? I wish I could see some relief in such a Mr. Chairman, while criticising the pending bill for its ~atal measure, if it be passed, but I can not. departure from the fundamental national idea, I wish at the same Again, you are to bear in mind tnat under this bill, when time to commend its recognition of a sound principle of finance: the banks take out currency, that currency is redeemable in law­ That in time of peace whatever credit currency is required by ful money; and the banks will naturally use the legal-tenders in modern business outside of coin-and I may add that modern redeeming their notes, and in order to obtain the gold they will business can not be successfully and economically carried on with · go to the Treasury with these notes. You do not really relieve coin and coin certificates alone-should be issued not by the the Treasury, therefore, by such an exchange as this. Government itself on its own credit, but ~y banking institu­ It seems to me, Mr. Chairman-and I have endeavored to look at tions authorized to issue their own notes under such Government the matter carefully and from the most favorable point of view-it restrictions and regulations, and with such Government super­ seems to me that there is nothing in the bill that meets the pres­ vision as will secure their final payment, permanent convertibility, ent situation of ~e Treasury in any degree. Whether it passes and constant adaptation to the wants of business. or not, unless you take measures at this session to increase the It is <;>f inestimable value to the business of this country to have revenues of the Government, within two months there will be this important financial truth, established by the experience of another issue of fifty millions of 5 per cent interest-bearing bonds commercial nations, at last admitted even by those who have in (unless you do the sensible thing and authorize a 2i per cent or 3 the past maintained otherwise, notwithstanding it has required per cent bond to be issued) and before the end of the fiscal year the costly lessons of our own experience in the past year, with a another fifty millions must be issued. There is no end to this sort limited volume of Government legal-tender demand notes, to work of business with the distrust that prevails. Unless you can restore conviction. confidence in some way this thing must go on. · It is probable that on the 1st of July next there will be outstand­ Now, how is confidence to be restored? What is the essential ing at least three hundred millions of United States bonds, includ­ thing for you to do in order to restore it? The first thing, as I ing the ninety-five and a half millions originally sold to establish have already said, is to make your revenues equal to your expendi­ the fund, which have been sold. to provide the coin required to re­ tures. The next is to give the Secretary of the Treasury abundant deem a part of the United States legal-tender notes issued as cur­ authority to issue a low-interest bearing bond to maintain the re­ rency, while every dollar redeemed has been reissued and is liable demption fund at the minimum of one hundred millions. When to be presented again and again for redemption. I say that, I mean the most vital thing to be,done in reference to If this state of things should continue through the next fiscal our redemption fund is not to allow it to drop a single dollar be­ year it is easy to see that the annual interest on the bonds sold to low the minimum of one hundred millions. It ought to be main­ maintain the redemption fund in these two years-not to mention tained at a higher figure, with the Treasury notes pressing on it. the probable necessity of many other issues of bonds in the future­ With the redemption fund running down from one hundred mil­ would be far more than the annual interest on the bonds required lions to ninety, from ninety to eighty, from eighty to seventy, to fund ~very dollar of the outstanding notes; and the cost to the from seventy to sixty, and then to fifty-two millions, it~ impos­ Treasury of maintaining our issues of Government demand notes sible to prevent distrust from creeping not only over our own peo­ the past eighteen months is infinitesimal compared with the inju­ ple, but over those people who deal with us abroad. ries sustained by the business of the country through this unsat­ I believe that if the Secretary of the Treasury, even under the isfactory condition. situation as it then existed as early as March, 1893, had issued M.r. Chairman, several times in the course of this debate the fifty millions of bonds and pla-ced fifty millions more of gold in inquiry has been made, ''Why not stop this draft on the Treasury the redemption fund, and announced to the world that that re­ gold reserve by availing ourselves t>f our techni~ legal right to demption fund under any and all circumstances would not be al­ pay our legal-tender demand notes in silver?" It is sufficient to lowed to drop below $100.POO,OOO, confidence would have been say in repfy that when the Government adopts the policy of forc­ maintained and we should not have had the presentation of legal in9 its creditors to accept silver in payment for obligations here­ tenders for redemption to the serious extent they have been. torore held to be gold obligations, against their consent, it will Certainly that would have been the case if early steps had been be regarded by the business world as a confession that hereafter taken to increase the revenue. _,.. silver is not to be maintained at parity with gold in our currency, I think it was a fatal mistake in 1893, and it is a fatal mistake and gold~ go to a premium and this country will go to a de­ to-day, to allow the gold redemption fund to decline below one preciated silver basis. From the hour when this policy should be hundred millions. You crtn not restore confidence unless this adopted this country would witness the beginning of a panic such minimum amount of gold for redemption of the outstanding legal as never before been known in this couutry. A bank may tem­ tenders shall be permanently maintained. In the public mind it is porize by inquiring into the necessities of the holder of its notes, the line between confidence and distrust. When it is suffered to as the Bank of France does, although it is doubtful if a bank in go below, distrust begins-to creep upon the country. any country but France, with her great holding of nine hundred Now I did not intend to delay the committee so long on this millions of gold and only ninety millions of uncovered paper, branch of the subject, yet it is, m my mind, the most important could do this without injuTing its credit; but a government can part of the legislation required. Whatever is done with reference not do this without impairing confidence. . to relieving the necessities of the Treasury should be done There is but one course open to us if we issue Government de­ promptly. I wish I could see presented here some simple legi~la­ mand notes as legal-tender currency, even in a limited and fixed tion in such directions as are absolutely essential to the restonng volume, and that is to maintain a sufficien~ gold reserve-never of the confidence which has been lost. less than 30 per cent of even a limited issue-to redeem such notes, THE SILVER CERTIFICATES. at whatever cost, whenever presented for payment, taking all the One thing in this bill, Mr. Chairman, I regard as of exceeding risks which enviTon the issue of Government legal-tendeT demand value, "and hope it will be enacted into law as a separate measure notes, risks which increase in geometrical progression as the issue before the session terminates; and tliat is the provision that there enlarges, and keeping constantly in mind the fact that beyond a be~thdrawn all denoiJlinations of ~aper mo?-ey outside of\~ver limited and.fix:ed volume, which leaves abundant place for a com­ certificates in excess of $5, and that silver certificates shall be g~ven mercial currency they can not subserve the wants of trade. the exclusive field of circulation for one, two, and five dollar denom­ From the nattue of the case a Government currency can not be inations. It is exceedingly wise for this reason: Nearly all of the responsive to business de1D.(mds. It can be issued by Government silver certificates that are now outstanding, about 5337,000,000 in only, as Government expenilituresare tobemade and Government all, would be required to fill the field of circulation for one, two, debts are to be paid without regard to the pulses of business. In­ three, and five dollar notes. At present the silver certificates are deed, the Government pulse can never be in accord with the pulses largely of larger denominations than that, and are being uaed to of business. When the country is prosperous and needs the most pay customs duties, and thus prevent gold from getting into the currency the revenue is larger than the expenditures, and the Treasury. Government has no occasion to issue its notes. When the busi­ Why, on some days in the last year 84per cent of the duties ness of the country is depressed and less currency is required, the were paid in silver certificates. If this provision could be enacted national revenue falls below expenditures and the Government int-o law, and all the denominations of silver certificates above $5 prol',eeds to issue more notes when they are not needed. 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 655

rhe cnaraeteristics of Government notes unfit them for ex­ whlch it stamps as coin has..the requisite ~eight and fineness, leav­ changes, while those of bank notes peculiarly adapt them to busi­ ing business demands to regulate the volume; it is also not the ness requirements. A Government note alway-s represents dead function of Government to issue its own credit notes as credit .cu:r­ property-property already consumed, and therefore having noth­ rency o-r to determine the Yolume that shall be i-ssued, but simply ing behind it but the Government promise. A bank note, on the to authorize associations of any citizens organized fer that pur­ other hand, generally represe~ts live property-property in the pose under general laws, with restrictions and regulations that course of adaptation to the wants of man or in the process of dis­ will secure the safety, constant convertib-ility, and elasticity of tribution-which, when it reaches the consumer, is exchanged for th-eir issues, to issue their circulating notes as credit em·reney an -equivalent available to the bank for 1·edemption purposes. without legal-tendar power, on blanks furnished by the Govern­ Indeed, the -business of banking is simply the exchange of its ment, under such constant control and supervision of the national well-known and generally acceptablB demand credit for local time authorities as will secm·e their pay-ment and convertibility, .leav­ credits unavailable in trade. ing business demands to determine the volume from time to time. This indicates the striking difference between the reserve re­ For under a banking system so organized as to secure a slight quired to maintain bank demand notes at par and that required profit from the issue of circulating notes wh€1lever business de­ to maintain Government demand notes at par. Every note of a sires them the same self-interest that would lead the holder of bank is issued for a quick asset, availalile usually in thirty, six.ty, bullion to take it to the mint and h-ave it coined will also lead a or ninety days, and the legal-tender reserve required in addition banking institution to issue its notes when they are wanted, w-hile is, therefme~ not only limited but continuously renewed. Every the self-interest of hOlders -Of bank notes will lead them to return note issued by a government is issued for property which it has sncknotes for payment when they a1·e not wanted. al~ady consumed, and is·simply evidence of gqvernment indBbt­ Gentlemen have condemned laws authorizing th.e issue of not€6 edness, for whose redemption in coin thB government must rely by national banking assoc:ia;tions as the granting of favors to exclusively on taxation or borrowing. From the necessity of the bankBrs which are denied to other men. As well might tlrey havB case a bank can maintain ita notes at par with lest' .reserve and less stigmatized the granting of charters to companies to e1·ect mills rurf issue made by him and by others ment surrendering to banks the power of determining the volume more prominent than any other in the discussion of this question of money, which they affirm is what is granted to banks by any at the last session, it was that after our experience of the great laws whieh allow the issue of their notes for use as currency. advantages of one uniform national banking Bystem, under na­ Gentlemen have pressed this objection during this debate with tional control ana national BUJlervision, over twoscore dl;fferent great ingenuity and eloquence, contending that for this reason, if State systems, und~ the divided and discordant control and -super­ no other, the Government itself should directly issue aJ1 credit vision of as many different States, the country ne~er would con­ notes Congress may from time to time determine, as well as other sent to go back. forms of money that go to make up the volume of currency If the conditions under which the pending bill proposes to re­ requil:.ed by business. habilitate State banks as banksof issuemake them practically na­ Now, if gentlemen will reflect, they will reach the conclusion tional so far aa note issues are concerned, as the gentleman from that in every well-ordered and successful finan-cial system the vol­ illinois (Mr. SPRINGER] would have us infer, then certainly it ume of cwTency required at any time is not, an~ never can be, would be not only a waste Qf time, but unwise from any point wisely determined befm·ehand by any body of ~en, however wise of view, to attempt to maintain State banks of issue in name when and skilled in business affairs-least of all by a party majority in in reality the limitations, restrictions, control, and supervision of Congress\ outside of the pulses of business, and too many of that their chief function are to be national. If this were to be the majority thinking more of votes a.t the next election than of the case in fact I am sure that every supporter of the State-bank sys­ laws of trade. It can be determined only by the demands of bus­ tem would say, "Better avoid confusion, uncertainty, and conflict iness. of jurisdiction by not undertaking to establish a double-headBd Suppose I should present as an argument aga'"mst the free coin­ system. with a Sta_!:e annex in form, when it must be national in age of silver, or of gold, tha.t this would leave the owners of silver reality.'' or gold mines to determine what should be the volume of standard But, Mr. Chairman, it is because the conditions proposed are silver. dollars and of gold coined, and that for this reason the Gov­ only shadow and not substance that gentlemen who cling to State ernment should buy and coin on its own account and thus control banks of issue as if th-ey recognized oomething of State rights the volume. Would not these gentlemen conclusively reply that ideas acoept them as a realization of their dreams of State sov­ w'ith free coinage, when business requires more silver or gold ereignty. Do these conditions contemplate, as to issue functions, coins, and is ready to buy or loan them, it would be for tbe in­ national control and national supervision? Nothing of the kind; terest of the owners of silver bullion to take their silver to the but, on the .contrary, the .control and supervision of forty-five mints and have the Government exercise its proper function of States. If it be said that in four respects, viz, the maximmn limit coining, that is, certifying that each coin minted by jt has the of issue, the d,eposit of a guaranty fund, personal liability of weight and fineness required to give it the coinage value indi­ shareholders, and first lien on assets, it is proposed to require that cated by the stamp? State banks of issue shall confom to the status of national banks For the same reason that it is not the function of Government as a condition of exemption from the 10 per cent tax, I reply that, to buy ana coin gold and sil-ver bullion on its own aeeount, and to in the first place, these are only a part of the requirements for nar determine the volume of full legal-tender gold .or silver that shall tion& banks, and that, -even ll' tbey w-ere all, the failure to pro­ be coined and .outstanding-and ·nevm- can be where bullion is videf-or effecti-ve nation-alsnpervision would make th>€ requirements coined at its market value-but its function is ·simply to coin bnl­ practically nugatory. . lion belonging to others, i. e., see that each piece of such bullion Practically it would be found impossible to exercise any effect- 656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

ive national control over State banks of issue under such legis!;._ But in progress of time such bonds have become scarce and com­ tion as is proposed, as Stat.e banks receive their franchises from mand a premium, and this, coupled with the fact that the law the several States and are subject to State control and supervi­ still permits an issue of only 90 per cent of the par value of the sion; and even the right of the national Comptroller of the Cur­ bonds, has made the issue of circulating notes on sych bond secu­ rency to investigate from time to time the condition of a State rity unprofitable, and in making it unprofitable has made it unre­ bank to ascertain whether the four national conditions of issue sponsive to business demands. have been complied with is left purposely to an uncertain implica­ If, instead of devising a bill to rehabilitate State banks of issue, tion: rather than positive provision, of law. Certainly, gentle­ the Committee on Banking and Currency had assumed, what men who take the ground, as many friends of State banks do, that they should have assumed, that anylegislationdealingwith banks the National Government has no right to interfere with State of issue must be on the lines of a uniform national system, under banks of issue, will not be likely to hereafter provide any serious the sole contr~l and constant supervision of the nation, and had Federal restrictions on the issues of such banks. proceeded to make such changes in the national system as would I call attention to the fact that even the editor of the New York have provided reasonable security on the one hand and reasonable Journal of Commerce, who has been improperly quoted during this elasticity of issue on the other hand, they would have done them­ debate as an advocate of this bill, expressly repudiated the idea selves more credit and the country a real service, even if their of such a double-headed State and national bank-note issue, and, work had not resulted in legislation at this session. on being cross-questioned. declared that the issue function of State But in bringing into the House a hastily framed bill, which banks should be placed exclusively under national laws and na­ has not even had the benefit of the criticisms and amendments of tional supervision, leaving the deposit-and discount functions of the members of that committee in the committee room, whose State banks under State authori~. Mr. Dodsworth clearly saw­ central idea is the rehabilitation of State banks as banks of issue, what the advocates of this bill seem to have omitted to practically they have failed to strike the keynote of the legislation which the take note of-that it would be a fatal mistake to surrender the country expects. issue function of State banks _in any manner to State authority, I can not understand, Mr. Chairman·, why it is that so many of and impracticable to place this function under the divided author­ our Southern friends look so favorably upon State banks of issue. ity of both State and nation. If it is because they find the national system requires. so excessive Mr. Chairman, the fact must not be overlooked that the condi­ security for the issue of circulating notes as to fail to adapt itself tions proposed practically offer a premium for even existing na­ to their wants, then I ask, Why not join those who believe in tional banks to change to State banks of issue, by exempting State the national system• in so modifying the security requirements en­ banks of issue, not only from the essential but exacting Govern­ acted under different conditions as to make them conform to the ment supervision, but also from the payment of the general tax of present situation? For it must be apparent to every student of half of 1 per cent per annum, and also the payment Q! the special finance that.a national system in which each bank must receive safety-fund tax of the same amount. When it is borne in mind at par the notes of every other bank in payment of debts due to - that banking is a business, pursued because of the expectation of it-which would be impossible with the notes of State banks-re­ profit like other kinds of business, it will be seen that if this bill quires less security to make circulating notes safe and convertible should become a law there would be serious danger that under the than would be necessary under disunited State systems. guis'e of extending the national banking system it would prove to It ought to be evident, as the Comptroller of the Currency so . be a potent inducement for its destruction and for the substitution clearly shows in his last report, that for this reason, as well as for the of forty-five State bank systems. , reason that there is greater confidence in the intelligence, efficacy, Mr. Chairman, I do not propose at this time to recall at length and courage of national supervision than State supervision of bank the argm;nents for one national rather than forty-five State-bank issues, there is more confidence, not only among the people, but systems which led this House at the last session by 70 majority to also among capitalists, in national banking institutions than in declare against the rehabilitation of State banks as banks of issue State banks. Inasmuch as the Southern people rightly reg~d it in any form. I merely indicate some of the points of these argu- as of the greatest importance to them that Northern capital should ments. · be attracted to their States, not only for banking purposes, but The four essentials of a good bank currency are, first, ultimate also for industrial development, it is certainly surprising that their safety or payment of issues; second, inpnediate convertibility into Representatives in Congress should for a moment fall into the error coin or its_equivalent; third, unifornnty, convenience, and_econ­ of regarding State banks as more desirable than national banking omy; a.nd fourth, elasticity of issue-that is, response of issue to institutions for that part of the Union, for capital would be much the demands of business. . . ·more likely attracted to a national than to a State bank. The first three of the~e essentials have been fotmd in the circu­ If it is because it is thought that State-bank notes will stay at lation of our national banks as they never have been and never home and not tend, at certain seasons when payments are to can be found in the circulating notes of forty-five different State­ be made for supplies and when there- is little demand for home bank systems. loans, to move to commercial centers, then I call attention to the As to ultimate safety, contrast the fact that in thirty years' ex­ fact that there can be no difference in this respect between a good perience with State systems before the war, according to the currency issued by State banks, or by national banks, or even by Comptroller of the _Currency, the losses through the notes of the the nation itself, for the unwritten laws qf trade are supreme. The failed banks averaged one-fifth of_the aggregate circulation; while only way that I know of to keep currency at home when there is not one dollar has been lost by holders of notes of national banks no demand for it for home business, and when it is required to in the thirty years since the national banking system became gen- make payments at the conimercial centers, is to make it so poor eral. · that nobody outside will take it except at a discount. It is the As to convertibility, contrast the fact that the notes of State addled eggs, not the good eggs that stay at home. If there be any banks were constantly-from one-half of 1 per cent to 5 per cent dis­ provisions in the laws regulating our national system which im­ count, where they were received at all, outside of the States of issue, properly act as an inducement for country banks to deposit in with the fact that during the thirty years in which we have had reserve cities loanable funds needed at home, as sometimes charged, the national system the notes of national banks in Texas or Oregon such provisions may be easily modified. A little reflection ought have been as current at par in Maine or New York as in the States to satisfy everyone that any currency which will not pass beyond where issued. the State lines where issued, except at a discount, entails a loss on · As to uniformity, convenien

settle our currency problem may as well understand first as last I were worth more here than it is worth abroad it would not be go- that it must be settled on national and not on State lines. ing out under present conditions. " suGGESTioNs OF TENTATIVE LEGISLATioN. But tnere IS another reason which operates and which I think' Mr. Chairman, I do not propose at this time to enter further into exercises more influence than that which I have named. We have this discussion. I wish simply to say that I regret exceedingly that borrowed an immense amount of money in the past in foreign this bill could not have had that careful consideration by the.;whole countries for the purpose of constructing railroads in this country, committeeforthepurposesofinquiryandinvestigationandamend- many of which have been constructed, perhaps, ahead of the p.e­ ment that so important a me~sure demands. Why, the changes cessity for them; and the bonds which we have issued for the that have been already made in this bill indicate that it has not had money we have borrowed to build those roads have been coming the careful consideration in committee whic);l1t should have had. back to us. Secretary Carlisle says in his report of last year that If I understand correctly, this bill was never considered by the full at least 8391,000,000 of American securities came back to this committee for the purposes of amendment. country last year, and were sold in our market, necessarily be- \ lli. WALKER. It was never read.· ing paid for by shipments of gold. On the face of the case what Mr. DINGLEY. My friend from Massachusetts says it was does that show? It shows that there is distrust abroad as to the never read. " financial conditions in this country? Is there. any other efficient Mr.. WALKER. They refused to read it. cause for this return of our bonds? Mr. DINGLEY. Mr. Chairman, you could not imagine a bill Mr. BLAND. Can not that be explained on another supposi- of greater importance in its details than this, and the statement tion-that they require gold abroad and are sending securities of the gentleman from Massachusetts amazes me. . here to get our gold? But, as I have said, I do not intend' at this time to taketh~ bill Mr. BOUTELLE. It shows that they would ratb.er have the up in detail. Thedetails are to come before us when the bill is gold than our sec:urities. ' under consideration for amendment, and I shall have something Mr. BLAND. Certainly; it shows they must have the gold, to say during the five-minute debate upon some of the provisions and they send the se:::urities here in order to get it. There is not of the bill to which I have not as yet alluded. I have simply gold enough to go roand. discussed some of the general principles involved. Before I close r.h. BOUTELLE. They would not want the gold if the secu- I wish to repeat that it seems to me that a measure of this magni- rities were worth more than.the gold. tude, involving purely business questio~, ought to be considered Mr. BLAND. But the gold is worth more than the securities in a business spirit. here, and there, and everywhere else. I can imagine that we may not have sufficient time this session Mr. DINGLEY. Why do these gentlemen who send our secur- to perfect the details of such a mea-sure as this, but if we are not ities back to be sold in our markets take the money and carry to have legislation on a broad scale requiring careful examination it to Europe to invest it in European securities? Is it not simply and investigation, some legislation ought to be had, and I have for the reason-! will not say whether the reason is a good one-- suggested some of the directions in which it should be had. For they distrust the financial conditions in this country? . the present, until there can be sufficient time to e~ine the whole Mr. BLAND. When the Baring Brothers iailed, did they not subJect and to frame a bill that shall meet future exigencies, a bill have to get gold wherever it could be obtained, and did they not simply increasing the amount of notes that may be issued by send their securities to this country for that purpose? national banks to the par of the bonds, and providing that the tax Mr. DINGLEY. Certainly., shall be reduced one-half, as provided in this bill, would meet the Mr. BLAND. And when the Austrian Bank required gold, did exigency as to banking legislation. it not have to send here for it? _ If that should be done it would give time for a commission to Mr. DINGLEY. Oh, that was a temporary condition. be appointed to consist of members elect of the Fifty-fourth Con- Mr. BLAND. Then this is all temporary. gress, a joint committee of the Senate and Hoilse, to consider this Mr. DIN"GLEY. Not at all. It was not until the spring of 1893 whole subject and report further. But we ought not to be deluded that our securities began to be returned to any serious extent, and with the idea that in hastily passing a measure of this kind we the proceeds reinvested in Europe. Why did not this condition of are relieving the Treasuryin its present necessities, and we should things occur long ago? Why has it taken place within the last direct our attention to legislation that will a~complish that pur- year or two, and not before? pose and then should take all the time that may be required to de- Mr. BLAND. The gentleman understands that European conn­ vise such a banking system as will be adapted to the future business tries are in financial distress as well as ourselves, that times are needs .of• the country. really worse there than here, and there is over there a great de- GOLD EXPORTS. mand for gold. AnO. all the watered railroad securities are sink- Mr. LIVINGSTON. What would the gentleman suggest as a ing, like other property, during this demand and struggle for gold. means of stopping the outflow of gold from the Treasury for the Mr. DINGLEY. Is not the gentleman aware that thb-e is more time being? 4 gold in the Bank of England to-day, and also in the Bank of France, Mr. DINGLEY. Does the gentleman imagine that there is than there has been for a long time? anything in this bill that would stop it? Mr. CANNON of Illinois. Just at this point will the gentle- Yr. LIVINGSTON. I asked the gentleman what suggestion man from Maine allow me to suggest that silver has also gone he would make to meet the present exigency in that respect. abroad during the last eighteen months, because there was a de- Mr. DINGLEY. If I may be allowed to express a personal mand for it? judgment on that matter, it is this: We are having an outflow Mr. BLAND. At what price? of gold now under very peculiar circumstances. The circum- Mr. CANNON of illinois. At the world's price, the same as in stances are these: The balance of trade is in our favor, and under the case of gold. that condition gold ought to be coming into this country. The Mr. LIVINGSTON. Will the gentleman from Maine allow me past two fiscal years we exported two hundred and eighty-three a suggestion? millions more of merchandise than weimported-thelastyear, two Mr. DINGLE'¥. - Certainly, I yield for a moment to the gentle- , hundred and sixty-four millions more; and yet in 1893 our net ex- man. ' ports of gold were eighty-seven and one-half millions, and the Mr. LIVINGSTON. The gentleman will allow me to suggest past fiscal year four millions. The exports since July have beep that the return of those securities to this country was largely con- renewed. sequent upon European losses in the Argentine Republic and other Mr. LIVINGSTON. Gold is going out. places; and did not result from the fact that there was more gold Mr. DINGLEY. Gold is going out. Now, there is some cause here than abroad or more gold abroad than here. Is. it not true for that. I think there are two causes. I think, first, that in view t,hat those securities were returned on account of such losses as I of the amount of business that is being done to-day, we have are- have indicated?

~ ' dundant currency. We are having a large volume of currency Mr. DINGLEY. Undoubtedly to a certain extent that was lying idle, and when there is a currency lying idle and there is a true; but those conditions were temporary and long since passed demand abroad·formoneymanifested by a return of our securities, away; those are not the conditions which have a-1fected gold ex­ the only money that can be sent abroad is gold. If we had no ports the past two years. more currency than we needed, gold would not go abroad, because Mr. LIVINGSTON. Is there anything to show that there have more would not be paid for it there than here, as is the case now, been reinvestments? as it would be needed here. Mr. BRYAN. Is it possible that this going of gold abroad is Mr. LIVINGSTON. Does the gentleman believe that' the gold- due to the fact that we are so prosperous that we have been pay- is going out for legitimate purposes or for speculation? ing off our foreign debt and holding our secul'ities at home? ~.DINGLEY. Undoubtedly for legitimate purposes. Men Mr. DINGLEY. I hardly think that during the last two years do not engage in any business except for what in trade is regarded the wonderful prosperity which the gentleman's question would as legitimate, namely, for the purpose of making money. indicate has existed. · • Mr. LIVINGSTON. Or speculation. Mr. BRYAN. Then that explanation does not seem to the gen- Mr. DINGLEY. Oh, everyb_ody engages in business for the tleman a satisfactory one? · purpose of making money. There is no doubt about that. If gold Mr. DINGLEY. It does not. ::XXVII-42 I 658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-' HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

Mr. WALKER. If the gentleman from Maine is about to con­ Mr. WALKER.. Mr. Chairman, I desire to present to the House clude, will he kindly allow me to occupy a few minutes of his a table and have it printed in the RECORD, as !'SUppose 1 have the time? right to do under the rule, which .shows the failures of national J\Ir. DINGLEY. I believe I had concluded what I desired to banks for which rece1vers were appointed in the years 1869, 1873, 1 say. I yield the residue <>f my time to the gentleman from Mas- 1881, 1884, and 1890, with their holdings and the results of their sachusetts [1\:fr. WALKER]. . insolvency. The table is as follows:

Insolvent natio11.al ba:nks for u·hich nceit:ers we1·e appointed in the years 1869, 1873, 1881, 1884, and 1890, with date of appointment of t•eceiver, amount of capital and ciJ·culation at date of failure, amount of claims proved and dividends paid, and the anwmtt of 1·eserve held as pe1· last 1-eport of condition preceding date of fail11.re.

I ~::~~ald. Receiver Capital during cal- N arne and location of bank. Circul~tion Claims Dividends endaryear appointed. stock. 1 outstanding. proved. paid. prior to date· of 8"!15P6n- • mon.

First National Bank, Rockford, ill ...... -· ...... --...... Ma.r.15, 1869 ~,000 ~9,874 $29,2'77 f13,367 First National Bank of Nevada, Austin, Nev ...... •.•••...... Oct. 14,1869 ,000 m,ooo,700 110,01.2 16:1,982 05,281 I------I ------~------Total2 banks ...... ----.--·------····· ...... -···-...... -····· .. -···. ----.... : 300,000 174,700 239,886 193,259 118,648

Crescant City National Bank, New Orleans, La ...... : ...... Mar.18, 18731==:::=::::=:=::::=1===::=:==-l======l======l======'=500,000 450,000 657,!120 54-9,42'7 166, (61 Atlantic National Bank,·New York, N.Y ...... Ap:r. 28,1873 300,000 100,000 1)97,885 661,816 16!1,851 First National Bank, Washington, D. C •••...... ••...••...... Sept.1!l,1873 500,000 450,000 1,619,965 1,374,339 286,631. National Bank Commonwealth, New York, N.Y ..•...... 1 Sept.22,187"3 750,000 234.,000 7'96,995 74J,428 347,952 ME>rchants' National Bank, Petersburg, Va. ...•....•...... Sept.25,187"3 400,~ "360,000 992,fi36 259,487 160~ First National Bank, Petersburg, Va : .•...•...• ------·-··· -·-·· .....• ------..... do ...... ~ 200,000 179,200 167,285 125,667 71:470 First ~ationa.l Bank, Mansfield, Ohio-----·····--·······---- ..•••• -----•.••.... Oct. 18,1873 100,000 90,000 175,er National Bank, Harper, Kans ------·····-·· Feb. 10,1890 50,000 10,750 22,436 al,410 3,00.·~ Gloucester Cit~\.tional Bank, Gloucester City, N. J ------Junel2, 1890 50,000 11,250 30,56G 16,0-!7 . 3,975 Park National , Chicago, lli...... Julyl4,1890 200,000 45,000 465,760 452,017 99,137 State National Bank, Wellington, Kan.s --·····-··---~---·······-----···-······· Sep. 25, 1890 50,000 11,250 56,745 60,90"2 00,575 Kin!!:Illan National Bank, Kingman, Kans-----·------·--··------···· Oct. 2, 1890 100,000 ~000 84,373 51,600 25,993 First National Bank, Alma, KiLns .•..•••...• ------·-···· Nov.21, 1.890 75,{XX) 16,875 31, 1{)]. ------2,518 First Natio~al B:mk, Belleville, Kans ...... ------..•• ------•••••... Dec.l2, 1800 50,000 11,21:{) 30,516 00,516 6,070 First National Bank, Meade Center, Kans ...... Dec. 24,1800 50,000 10,750 18,~ 5 617 8,406 American National Bank, Arka.n.s:l.s City, Kans ....•.•...... •...... •...... Dec. 26,1890 300,000 45,000 237, 142:227 86,206 ------l------1------l------i------­ TotallO banks .• -:. •.•.. -··-·· •••..• -----· •.•... ------•...•.....•...... ~,025,000 200,365 1,053,003 8-!3,6291 370, '170

*Unreliable; cashier was a defaulter for a very large amount and reports were falsified. Ful"thermore, I desire to present an analysis accompanying the Bank-s in.solunt with less assets than average 1·eserve held. table, so that the members of the House may have it before them during the discussion of this question; and" also two additional Average Capital lationout- Claims Dividends reserve p1·ovisions which I propose to offer to the pending bill, which could standing.=- I proved. paid. previous not be acted upon in the Committee on Banking and Currency, year. and legitimately belong to the Committee on W.ays and Means. Deeember 16, 187"3. .. $100,00) $90,000 $55,372 $&1,6U8 ~1,4!.') But as I have offered a substitute bill of my own I }lave the right, March 11, 188-L ..... 100,000 77.000 4.6,441 26,809 6.,506 I believe, to put them in, and will print them for the information August 26, 1884 ...... 100,000 90,000 400,997 143, f!3S 214,231 ~mber 13, 1884 .. 50,000 18,650 8,131 ,807 17,657 of the House. They confer autho.rity upon the Secretary of the Oc ber 18, ISM.. ..•• 50,000 23,400 M,978 59,057 62,648 Treasury to issue bonds, as suggested by the gentleman from Maine ·S'eptember 25, 1890 .. 50,000 11,250 56,745 00,902 120,575 [Mr. DINGLEY]. December 2!, 1890 ... 50,000 10,750 18,822 3,617 8,406 Mr. PENCE. 'Exchanging them for what? Mr. WALKER; To be issued under the existing law. Totals ...•.•..•. 500,000 321,050 680,486 336,798 671,4.68 The analysis of the table to which I have just referred, and to I will print also in this connection a table showing_the condition which I call the special attention of the House, is as follows: of banks whose possible circulation could have exceeded the divi­ The years in which the most failures occurred in-banks were 1869,1873 1881, dends paid by them under the bill I b.ave proposed (H. R. 171). 1884, 1890, 1893. The results of 1893 failures can not yet be certainly told, but The table is as follows: enough is known to show that they will not be as disastrous as those of some of the years gi>en. The failures were as follows: Insolvent banks whose possible circulation collld have exceeded the dividends - paid by them unde1· bia H. R. 171. Cii·cu- Average I Claims Dividends reserve Out· Ca. pital. lationout- proved. paid. previous ' standing. stand- Pos.sible Divi- Claims Reserve ~ear. Capital. ing eir- cireula- dends cula- tion. paid. proved. held. 1869, two banks ..•.. -$300,000 $174,700 ~9,886 $193,259 $118,648 tion. 1873, eleven banks ... 3,550,000 2,403,200 6,700, 732 4,828,019 1,476,414 ~ 1881,one bank ...... 500,000 449,~ 2,G54,690 1, 790,932 1, 722,713 December 16, 1813 _...... $100,000 $90,000 $50,000 $31,668 $55,372 ~,«5 1884, thirteen banks. 1,535,000 1,070, 1.20 6,994,362 5,580,082 1,995,885 March 11,1884 ...... 100,000 77,000 50,000 26,809 .46,441 ,506 1890, ten banks ...... 1,025,000 205,365 1,053,003 843,629 370, '170 December U, 1890 ····-··· 50,000 1o.roo 8,406 5,.017 18,882 8,406 ------Totals ...... o,91o,ooo 1 4,303,285 17,645,673 13, ZJ5, 921 . 5,683,930 Total ....•..•.••.... 250,000 177,750 108,406 64,094 00,695 256,35.7

\ 1895. CONGRESSIONAL "RECORD-HOUSE. 659

In the year 1869 there would have been no call on the tax paid adopted, and the Chair ruled that gentlemen who had no bills of into the United States Treasury under the operation of that bill. their own to call up might call up bills for other .members. Now, I In 1873 the sum paid out on account of notes of insolvent banks shall object to the request of the gentleman from Indiana unless would have been $18,332. In 1881 nothip.g on this account. In it is limited to members calling up bills for themselves. 1884 it would have been $23,191, and in 1890 it would have been Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. Mr. Chairman~ I would suggest $2,789, and the tax of one-fifth of 1 per cent on the ciroulation to the gentleman from Virginia that, as this call has commenced would have provided each year a fund of $668,000; so that the and has proceeded for some time under the ruling of the Chair, he revenue that the National Government would have gotten under ought to allow this one roll call to go through to the end in the the small tax in my bill, had it been in operation, would have same manner, because I understand there are some gentlemen who been eighty times more than the average required each year within have come here this evening to call up bills that they did not intro­ a period of twenty years, and twenty-nine times more than the duce themselves, and the limitation of the rule as proposed by the amount required during the most disastrous year of that period. gentleman from Virginia might do serious injustice to some mem­ . The amendments to 'be proposed as addition~l sections of the bers of the House. I will state that this suggestion is not at all Walker banking bill (H. R. 171) are as follows: personal to myself~ because I have no bill that I desire to call up SEO. 24. That from and after the passa~e of this act the duties due and or to have called up by anyone else; but I wish to have absolute payable on goods imported shall be paid m gold or in United States legal­ fairness among the members of this body, and when a rule has tender noi;Jls issued prior to July 1, 1890, until the setting aside of the gold in the Treasurr. mentioned in section 7 of this act for the .redemption of cer­ been .adopted and the execution of it entered upon and members tain of the Umted States legal-tender notes. After the setting aside of the have come here to-night having rea.son to believe that the rule gold in the Treasury mentioned in section 7 of this act to redeem certain would be adhered to .at least thxougn this one roll call~ I thirik no legal-tender notes the'tluties due and payableongoodsimportedshall be paid in gold or in Treasury notes issued under the act of Jnly 14.1890, so Ion~ as change ought to be made until the roll is completed. the.re shall be szo.ooo,OOO or more in nominal value of such notes outstanding. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Indiana [Mr. M.A.RT.IN] - SEO. 25. That in order to enable the Secretary of the Treasury to carry into asks unanimous consent that the roll be called, beginning where effect the provisions of the act of .January 14,187~ entitled "An act to pro­ vide for the resumption of specie payments," ana to provide for any defi­ the Clerk left off at the last Fl'iday evening session, and that .as ciency in the revenues of the Treasury of the United States to meet the the name of each member is called he shall have leave to call up - appropriations made by Congress and appropriations made by existing law, one bill. Is there objection? -the secretary of the Treasury is hereby authorized to issue, from time to time for the ~riod of fou.r -years, bonds as described in the act of July 14, Mr. JONES. I object. 1870. entitled An act to authorize the ra.funding of the national debt,' • such TheCHAffiMAN. Objection ismade. . bonds to be pa-rable at the pleasure of the United States after one year from Mr. .MARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, I desire to say to the date of thel.l' issue and n'{Jon the expiration of three years, or bonds pay­ able after three years and upon the expiration of seven years, or bonds due the gentleman from Virginia that the rule as interpreted by the on a certain day within three years from the date of such bonds, as the Sec­ · Chairman on the last Friday evening session is the -rule that has retary of-the Treasury may elect. Such bonds to bear interest at a rate not always prevarued on these occasions, and in making my request I ·exceeding 8 per cent per annum. was simply endeavoring to follow it. [1M. GRESHAM addTessed the crup.mittee. See appendix..] Mr. JONES. That may have been the usual wording of the order; but there certainly was some question as to the 1·uling of Mr. SPRINGER asked unanimous consent that Mr. GRESHAM's · the Chair at the last Friday evening session. _ Many gentlemen time be extended until 5 o'clock, the hour at which the House understood that the rnle adopted simply permitted members to must take a recess under the rule; but Mr. GRESHAM declined to call up bills introduced by themselves. Now, there are not two 'OCCupy the r.emaining time. dozen members here present to-night; but it may be, for aught I -Mr. SPRINGER. Mr.Chairm.an,Imovethatthecommitteerise. know, that those two dozen have come with proxies, as it were, The motion was agreed to. in their pockets to call up all the bills on the Calendar. But I The com.tnittee accordingly rose; and the Speaker having re­ must object to the order in that form. sumed the chair, Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee, from the Com­ Ml·. TAYLOR of Indiana. No member can call up more than mittee of the Whole, reported that they had had under .consider­ one bill under the rule as proposed by the gentleman from In­ ation a bill (H. R. 8149) to amend the laws relating to national diana. banking associations, etc., and had come to no resolution thereon. The CHAIR.M,A.N. The Clerk will report the action of the ENROLLED :BILL SIGNED. House at the last Friday evening session. 1tfr. PEARSON, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills;reported The Clerk read as follows: ' that they had examined and found truly enrolled a bill of the fol­ Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. I move that the House resolve itself into Commit­ lowing title; when the Speaker signed the same: t~e of the Whole for the purpose of considering bills on the Private Calendar A bill (H. R. 8067) to provide American registers for the barks under the rnle which haS been read. The motion was a~eed to. Linda and Arche1·. The House accordingly r~solved itself into Committee of the Whole on the LEAVE OF .Al3SENCE. Priv.ate Calendar, Mr. L:IVINGSTON:in the chair. Mr. McLAURIN, by unanimous consent, obtained indefinite leave The CH.AIRMAN. The Clerk will report the first bill on the Calendar. Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I .ask unanimous consent that each member of absence from December 3, 1894, <>n account of sickness. present, as his name is called, be .allowed to call up one bill. RECESS. Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. I suggest that the gentleman's request be put m this form-that the roll be called and that each member as his name is The SPEAKER. The hour of 5 o'clock havj.ng arrived, the reached be allowed to call up one bill. House will take a recess until 8 o'clock p. m., the evening session Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. Iacceptthegentleman'ssnggestion. I am very to glad to accept anything that will expedite bnsmess. be devoted to business under the rule. ·At the session this-even­ The CH.A.IRMAN. The request is made for unanimous consent that the roll ing the gentleman from Arkansas, Mr. -McRAE, will discharge be called and that each member present, as his name is reached, be allowed the duties of the Chair.* to call up one :pension case. Is there objection? . Mr. PICKLER. Do I understand that if this order be made the fust man whose name is called may bring up a. bill that will occupy two hours and EVENING SESSION. keep the rest of us waiting? The recess having expired, the House reassembled at 8 o'clock Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I do not think there will be any such trouble. p.m., Mr. McRAE in the chair as Speaker pro tempore. There was no objection. · , . The SPEAKER pro tempore directed the reading of the special Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, when this rul-e wa.s adopted I order. · had two bills on the Calendar that have led me to attend nearly The Clerk read as follows: every Friday night session during this Congress; but desiring to · The House shall, on each Friday, at 5 o'clock p.m., take a recess nntil8 accommodate gentlemen I did not object to the adoption of the o'clock, which evening session shall be devoted totheconsiderationof private order on that occasion. Now, I do not propose to comehereevery bills reported from the CoJ:9.ffiittee on Pensions and the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to bills for the removal of political disabilities, and bills removing Friday night and allow gentlemen who do not attend these pen­ charges of desertion only; said evening session not to extend beyond 10 o'clock sion sessions to have their bills called up by proxy. If gentl.emen and 80 minutes. present desire to call up their own bills I am willing to withhold Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Speaker,l move that the House my objection, even if I fail to reach mine; but I do not propose to resolve itself into Commitree of the Whole on the Private Calendar be crowded off by having gentlemen here call up bills for others for the purpose of considering bills under the rule just read. who do not attend. The motion was agreed to. Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Cbairmarl1, I9Skunanimouscon­ The House accordingly resolved itself into Committee o-f the sent that the roll be called, beginning where the Clerk left off at Whole, Mr. BRETZ in the chair. " the last Friday night session, and that each gentleman present be The CHAIRMAN. The Honse is in Committee of the Whole allowed to call up one bill introduced by himself, ana that-when under the special order. the roll has been once called through it be called again. ~fr. ,M.ARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ Mr. JONES. I o~ect to that unless the latter part of the re­ sent that the roll be called, beginning where the call left off at the quest be omitted. I do not thirik we shall do more than get last Friday night session, and th'at each member present have leave through once with the -call. At any fate it will then be time to -call up one bill. enough to make the other request. Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, on the last evening that we met Mr4 PICKLER. .At the close of last Friday night session there_ he1·e there was some discussion. as to the soope of the order then was a definite understanding, I believe, which ought to bind at , I / j 660 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4, I

least every gentleman who was then present, that we should to­ gentlemen of the committee who oppose bills of this character did night continue this calljust as we did then. not think it necessary to file a separate minority report in ea-ch The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the proposition of the case of this class'. gentleman from Indiana? Now, sir, if we enter upon this sort of legislation we shall have Mr. JONES. I must object to it in that form. I do not object to pension all those soldiers' widows who have remarried. It has to the first part of it. _ not, I think, been the policy of this Congress thus far to do that, The CHAIRMAN. Objection being made, the Clerk will read and most of the bills of this class have been either withdrawn or the title of the first bill in order. defeated. I hope that tjle Committee of. the Whole will not pass • Mr. TAYLOR of Indiana. I ask unanimous consent that the this bill. call of the roll be resumed where it was left off last Friday night, The CHAIRMAN. The question is on laying the bill aside with and that each member present, as his name is reached, be per­ a favorable recommendation. • mitted to call up one bill introduced by himself. Mr. PICKLER. I would like to know who introduced this bill. Mr. CURTIS of New York. If it is our object to get on with The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from illinois ~r. HuNTER]. business, I suggest that instead of occupying time in calling the Mr. HUNTER. I will state that this is a bill mtroduced by roll of members, nine-tenths of whom are absent, we proceed by myself, and I called it up at the last Friday night session. calling the member!:\ present, beginning with those in the first The CHAIRl\iAN. The question is on laying the bill aside with row, calling first a member on the right and then one on the left, a favorable recommendation. ' each member as called being permitted to call up a bill. The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair would suggest to the gentleman JoNES) there were-ayes 20, noes 3. from New York that business would be better expedited by calling Mr. JONES. No quorum. ' the roll than by proceeding as he suggests. The gentleman from The CHAIRMAN. The point of order being ma-de that no quo­ Indiana [Mr. TAYLOR] asks unanimous consent ~p.at th:e call of rum has voted, the Chair will order tellers. the roll be resumed where it was left off last Fnday mght, and Mr. JONES and Mr. HuNTER were appointed tellers. that each member present, as his name is called, be allowed to call Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, Iaskunanimouscon­ up a bill introduced by himself. sent that the point of no quorum be withdrawn, and that the bill Mr. J;?ICKLER. I object to the proposition in that form. The itself be withdrawn from further consideration this evening. other evening members were not confined to bills introduced by The CHAIRMAN. Is therE1 objection to the request of the gen- themselves. I have ID.{)re interest in some bills introduced by tleman from Indiana? others than in some introduced by myself. On last Friday night, l\1r. PICKLER. I object. each member was allowed to call up whatever bill ~ desired; and A MEMBER. Object to the point of order being withdrawn? if there is to be anything like fairness, anything like adhering to Mr. PICKLER. I object to the bill being withdrawn. It is a agreements, then it seems to me the Commi~e of the ~hole good bill. to-night should follow that method of proceedmg; oth~rWISe I The CHAIRMAN. Debate is not in order. · The tellers will doubt whether we are going to make much progress. take their places. A MEMBER. We made progress the other evening. The committee proceeded to divide. Mr. PICKLER. But there were a number of members present Mr. PICKLER. Pending the count by tellers, if the gentleman whose names were not reached. from illinois is willing to consent that the bill be laid aside, I do Mr. MAHON. I ask the gentleman from South Dakota to not object. It is a good bill, a bill that I reported, and I do not withdraw his objection. believe in passing bills over in this way. Mr. PICKLER. I will not un.J..ess we whose names are toward The CHAIRMAN. Debate is not in order; the committee is the bottom of the roll be allowed the same chance that has been now dividing. enjoyed by members whose names are in the earlier part of the Mr. HUNTER. I do not feel disposed to withdraw the bill. roll. I object. The CHAIRMAN. The tellers will announce the count. The CHAIRMAN. Objection is made. When the committee The tellers reported-ayes 23, noes 3. rose last Friday night a bill was under consideration which will The CHAIRMAN. No quorum having voted, the Clerk will now be reported by the Clerk. call the roll. RACHEL PATTON. The Clerk proceeded to call the roll, pending which- Mr. HUNTER. I ask unanimous consent that the roll call be The bill (H. . R. 7181) granting a pension to Rachel Patton was suspended and that I may withdraw the bill from before the com- read, as follows: mittee. , Be it enacted etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is herebys Mr. PICKLER. But the record shows that no quorum is present. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the I>rovision, and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Rachel Patton, of Paris, Ed­ Mr: HUNTER. By unanimous consent I assume that the bill gar County ill., formerly the widow of John H. Patton, late captain of Com­ can be withdrawn. pany C, Seventy-ninth Regiment illinois Volunteers. The CHA'IRMAN. Is there objection tothe request of the gen­ Mr. JONES. Let the report be read. tleman from Dlinois? The report (by Mr. PICKLER) was read, as follows: There was no objection. Mr. PICKLER. What becomes of the point of ordar of no The Committee on Invalid Pensions have considered the bill (H. R. 7181) granting a pension to Rachel Patton, and submit the following report: quorum? The petitioner was formerly the widow of John H. Patton, who served as A MEMBER. Oh, the record will be all right. captain CompanyC, Seventy-ninth lliinoisVolunteers,fromJuly 91 1862, until Mr. LACEY. I suppose the gentleman from South Dakota will June 25, 1863, when he was k:il~ed in battle at Liberty Gap. His ~dow .d~ew a pension at $2(}per month until September 30,1876 when she mamed William not object to the point of no quorum being withdrawn. G. Culbertson. On Ma1·ch 29, 1889, she sued for divorce,1 which was granted, Mr. PICKLER. Well, I will call on the gentleman from Iowa on the grounds of de5ertion and abandonment for four years, and she was when I want information or advice. I am only speaking of what allowed to resume ~er former nal!le of Rache.l Patton. All this appears from the records and eVldence on :file m the PensiOn Bureau. A ce~· ti.fied copy of the record discloses. divorce is also on file with the committee. • Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, for the purpose of The petitioner's brother, John W. Fisher, of Paris, ill., testifies, May 29, expediting business, if possible, I again submit the request that 1894, that she is 62 years of age, in feeble health1 and partially dependent on him for support, and has made her home with him for several years, and she the roll be called, commencing 'immediately succeeding the name has no one else to depend on; that she owns no real estate and her income is of the gentleman whose bill was just called up, and that each not sufficint for her support. - member· present be permitted to calL up one bill introduced by Gi!Prge W. Fisher, Paris, ill., corroborat~ the above and says she is de­ penaent on a small income and the assistance of her brother. himself. The petitioner herself states on oath, May 29 1894, that she has no real es­ The CHAIRMAN- Is there objection to the request of the gen­ tate and that her entire income does not exceed $175 per year, and that she is tleman from Indiana? dependent on her brother for a home. Mr. PICKLER. I obJect, unless we have the same privilege; Ron. A. J. HUNTER certifies in writing that he has known the ~titioner since before the war, and knows her business affairs and financial status. that is, that we at the foot of the roll shall have the same privilege During the time she received a pension she made a living for herself and that is accorded to those at the begi.nnin~ of the roll at the last saved the money from which her present income is derived, but now, because Friday night session. of a~e and feeble health, she is unable to work and sheisunabletolive within • ~:1. ~~:,~ ~e~ compelled to draw upon the principal, which can not last [Mr. MAHON addressed the committee. See appendix.] Your committee recommend that the bill do pass. The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the first bill on the l\fr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I merely wish to say ,to the Com­ Calendar. mittee of the Whole that this is one of a cl*'s of cases in which Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, it is very evident that we can do there have been a great many minority reports. I understand nothing to-night, unless some agreement can bereached. I there· that at least three members of the Committee on Invalid Pensions fore move that the committee now rise. have all along objected to bills of this class, and some very strong The question was taken, and the Chair announced that the \ \ minority reports have been filed. I understand that the only rea­ " ayes " seemed to have it. son a minority report was not made in this pa.rticular case was Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. I demand a division. that such reports have be n filed in other and in similar cases, and The committee divided; and there were-ayes 9, noes 21.

j ' /. 1895. CONGR.ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 661

The case in hand appears tO come within that category, and the committee So the motion was not agreed to. being convinced that the husband died from insanity or imbecility resulting Mr. WHEELER of Alabama. I now renew the request for from a saber stroke on the head at the hands of the enemy, respectfully unanimous consent that we may proceed to complete the roll call recommend the pasSage of the bill, with the following amendments: upon the same terms as on the preceding Friday night, and carry Strike out the the word "twenty," in line 7, and insert in lieu thereof the word "twelve." out the solemn compact the House made by calling the roll through Strike out all of the bill after the word "month," in line 8, and insert in on the same terms. lieu thereof the words "subject to the p:~;ovisions and limitations of the pen­ I wish to say, Mr. Chairman, I do this simply for the purpose of sion laws." carrying out that compact, and not because I have any interest The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ personally in the matter, for I have no bill to bring up. ments recommended by the committee. Mr. JONES. I merely want to say that I was not a party to Mr. JONES. I hope that the patron of that bill will make that "solemn compa-ct" of which the gentleman speaks; and I some statement about it to the House. I should like to hear some­ obiect. thing more than the report. The.CHAIRMAN. Objection is made, and the Clerk will pro­ Mr. IKIRT. Mr. Chairman1 I wish to sa.y that the gentleman ceed to report the .first bill on the Calendar. who had charge of that bill in the committee fltir. HARE] is not Mr. LACEY. Mr. Chairman, if I can have a moment I would present to-night, and I do not know that it will be possible, in a lilte to submit a request. I ask unanimous consent that the roll brief statement, to make it any more plain than it is made by the be called from. where we left off last time and run through the report of the committee which has just been tea{}. ent:iJ.·e alphabet on the same terms as ah·eady proposed; that is to It has been established, as the 1·eport shows, that the wound say, that each gentleman whose name is called shall call up a bill which caused this soldier's death was received in battle; not only of hia.own. so, but that he was a charge upon his wife for the remainder of The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gen- his life, about ten years, and during that time he was an imbecile. tleman from Iowa? . She had to care for him. There is no doubt that his death was the Mr. RYAN. I suggest that the gentleman leave off the last result of that wound, and that he never recovered therefrom; that three words, "of his own," so that a member may call up any bill. she is old and destitute; and it is true that while he was not a regu­ Mr. LACEY. :eut objection has been made to that heretofore. larly enlisted man, he served in the Army for three years. There The CHAIRMAN.· Is there objection to the request of the gen­ is an abundance of proof of hisJ)ervice. No proof is lacking in tleman from Iowa? f After a pause.] The Chair hears none. that direction. It is also true that she oan not obtain a pension Mr. PICKLER. I ooject. [Cries of "Too late I "1 for her son-although his life was given up in the service-because The CHAIRMAN. The Chair holds that the objection of the she can not ti·ace his record. It is also true that she herself per­ gentleman from South Dakota is too late, and the Clerk will pro­ ·formed work which I think entitles her to careful consideration ceed to call the roll in accordance with the terms of the agree­ before this committee, for I find it set forth here that at the time ment just made . . of the engagement in Lexington, Ky., where she was then living, JANE WEBSTER. she opened her house and made a hospital of it, and in her own home cared for soldiers who were wounded in either army, not Mr. IKIRT (when his name vras called). Mr. Chairman, I c~ stopping to inquire whether they wore the blue or the gray, but up the bill (H. )3.. 3977) to place the na.me of Jane Webster, wife as a ministering angel of mercy she did her duty as best she could. of Joel Webster, on the pension roll. She is now 83 years of age, destitute, and dependent upon neigh­ The bill was read, as follows: bors and friends. In the natural course of events a pension. to her Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and here~ is, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll the name of Jane vveb­ at her age-although it may be considered by some somewhat out ster, widow of Joel Webster, a former wagon master in the volunteer militia of the regular line-will not take very much from the 'J'reasuryof service of the United States during the war of the rebellion, at the rate of the Government. • ~per month, andpayable from the 23d day of January, 1883, the date of death of said Joel Webster by reason of disability incurred while in the Mr. ·TAYLOR of Indiana. It is not out of line. It is right in . United SUftes service. the line. The Committee on Invalid Pensions recommended the following Mr. IKIRT. Having established bytheproof of these men who were there and who saw this man wounded, who also corrobo- amendments: 1"ate the fact that his death was the result of the wound, it seems Strike out the word "twenty," in line 7, and insert in lieu thereof the word "twelve." to me that, as the committee have stated in their report, it is a Strike out all of the bill after the word "month," in line 8, and insert in case which comes within the limit which should entitle it to favor­ lieu thereof the words "subject to the IJrovisions and limitations of the pen­ able consideration. I therefore ask that the bill be favorably re­ sion laws." ported. The CHAIR].IAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend- Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I wish to ask the gentleman a ments. question. I do not think the gentleman would like to eStablish Mr. JONES. I ask that the report be read. the precedent that Congress should pension this woma• because Mr. IKIRT. Mr. Cha.irman, let the report be read. of her kindness to soldiers during the war. That would open an The report (by Mr. HARE) was read, as follows: immense field. I should like to have the gentleman state whether The Committee on Invalid Pensions have considered the bill (H. R. 3977) to or not the proof is clear that this man received that saber cut in pension Jane Webster, and submit the following report: Mrs. Jane Webster is the widow of Joel Webster, to whom she was married battle? September 8,1842, and who died at Cincinnati, Ohio, January 23,1883. Mr. IKIRT. In answer to that I would say that this woman is At the beginning of the war of the rebellion claimant and her husband, not asking to be pensioned on that ground. I simply stated that the said Joel Webster, were living at Lexington, Ky., where he owned valu­ as a circumstance in connection with her history. I think, if the able :property, consisting of a tannery and warehouses, together with a dwelling house at Lexington, and a woolen mill at Alexandria, Ky. gentleman caught the statement arightasitwas read in the report The said Joel Viebster entered the service of the Government as a wagon­ he will find that there is no doubt of the proof of the man having master in the Quartermaster-General's Department on May 1, 1862, and was be_en wounded and dying as the result of that wonnd, and there so employed, excepting at brief intervals, until June, 186-1. While so em­ ployed, and while m charge of a train of wagons, mules, and horses, on or is no doubt but what it is established by two men who were there about the lOth day of June, 1864, at Lexington, Ky., during a raid of the and saw it and who are living to-day. ' enemy, and while endeavoring to protect t~e property under his control, the Mr. JONES. My question is whether or not the wounds were said Joel Webster received a severo saber wound on the head, which at the time totally disabled him, and from the effects of whieh he never afterwards inflicted in battle? recovered. Mr. IKIRT. Inflicted in battle at Lexington, Ky. The evidence tends to show that in consequence of said wound the mind of Mr. JONES. Does the gentleman say that the proof is clear on said Joel Webster became..and remained impaired, and he continued from the time of receiving said wound wholly unable to attend to the most ordinary that subject? business, and a charge upon his said wife until his death, in January, 1883. Mr. IKIRT. The proof is clear, and also the date and all that. The evidence to establish the fact of said wound and the subsequent condi­ The amendments recommended by the committee were agreed to. tion of said JQel Webster consists of the sworn statement of claimant and of affidavits made by Philip Hawk and George Myers in support of the claim for The bill as amended was ordered to be reported to the House pension made by said Jane Webster, which was rejected by the Commissioner with. the recommendation that it do pass. of Pensions on the legal ground that elaimant said her husband was not an MARCUS D. BOX. enlisted man. The said Philip Hawk and Geor~e Myers were present at said engagement Mr. LACEY (when his name was called). Mr. Chairman, I in Lexington and witnessed the infliction of said wound, and both of them call up the bill (H. R. 4850) granting a pension to Ma1·cus D. Box, t~tify that they afterwards frequently saw said Webster after his removal of Company D, First Missouri Volunteers. to Cincinnati, and there his mental condition was that of an imbecile, and so continued during his life. · The bill was read, as follows: - The petitional' is about 83 years of age and states that her grandfather was Be it enacted, etc .• That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized • a soldier of the Revolution, her father a soldier in the war of 1812, five and directed to place upon the invalid pension roll the name of Marcus D. brothers in the war with Mexico, and one son was a soldier in the late war Box, late a private of COmpany D, First Missouri Volunteer Infantry, after­ and died in the service, as she believes, but she has never been able to ascer­ wards First Missouri Artillery, subject to the limitations of the pension laws, tain what organization he served in, and hence is unable to establish a claim at the rate of $50 per month. topension as dependent mother. The long-established policy of this committee in considering bills to pension The Committee on Invalid Pensions recommended the following widows of persons who were in a quasi military service, but not regularly amendments: mustered as such, has been to favorably report only those cases wherein it Amend by striking out the word "fifty," in line 6, and inserting in lieu was shown ·that the husband's dea.th resulted from wounds or injuries thereof the words "twenty-five," and by adding at the close of the bill the received in battle with the enemy. words:" Provided, That it be shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the 662 CONGRESSIONAL RECO~HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

Interior that he is totally blind and that this condition is not the result of his Mr. LANE. Mr. Chairman, I raise the point of orde1· upon vici{>us habits." that bill. It is not a bill to remove the charge of desertion, and Mr. JONES. Let the report be read, Mr. Chainnan. therefore thls committee has no jm·isdiction to consider it. The The report (by :Mr. LACEY) was read, as follows: order only includes cases for the removal of the charge of deser­ The Committee on In.>alid Pensions, to whom was referred the bill CH- R. 4850) to increase the pension of Marcus D. Box, submitted the following tion. This man is not charged with desertion, and therefore this report: committee can not pass upon the question presented in the bill. Marcus D. Box. was a member of Company G, Seventh Re~ent Missouri Mr. TAYLOR of Indiana. Read the order. State Militia Cavalry Volunteers, from .April 1, 1862, to April20, 1865. He is The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read the order. now drawing a pension of $12 a month under the act of June 27,1890. He drew S! per month from August 16, 1887, to September 9, 1891, and his rate .The Clerk read as follows: was afterwards increased to $8, under the old law, and his present pension of ThB House shall, on each Friday, at 5 o'cloc~ p. m., take a recess untilS $12 is aJl he can draw under existing law under the evidence in the case. o'clock, which evening session shall be devoted to the considet·ation of pri­ The Epears to be helplessly blind, your committee feel that his caseshouldbechantablyconsidered. Werecommendthatthebillbeam.ended There was no objection, and it was so m·dered, by suiking out the word ''fifty,'' in line 6, and insertinu in lieu thereof the WILLIAM H. H . . COOK. words "twenty-five," and by adding at the close of the 'bill the words, "Pro­ vided, That it be shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Interior 1\Ir. LUCAS (wh~n his name was called). Mr. Chaipnan, I that he is totally blind and that this~ondition is not the result of his vicious desire to inquire whether a Senate bill is admissible under the rule habits." I Also amend title to read, "A bill to increase the pension of Marcus D. Box." we have adopted this evening. I introduced a bill for the relief of a gentleman, and desire to call it up. The amendments recommended by the committee were agreed to. The CHAIRMAN. Undoubtedly it is, if it has been reported The bill as amernled was ordered to be laid aside to be reported from-the committee. to the House with the recommendation that it do pass. Mr. LUCAS. The report is there. GEORGE WHITTAKER. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. LOUDENSLAGER (when· his name was called), Mr. A b"!Jl (S.142) to remove the charge of desertion from William H. H. Cook. ·.Chairman, I call up the bill (H. R. 34.88) to correct the military Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby, authorized record of George Whittaker, late a private of Company C, Twelfth and ?irec~ed to remove th~ charge of desertion fTo:m William H. H. Cook, late a pnvate m Com.:pany G, Fifth New York Duryea Zouaves, and to substitute New Jersey Volunteers. in lieu thereof" absent without leave from August 25 1862, to May H, 1863, The bill was read, as follows: when his regiment was mustered out. He subsequently enlisted December 25. 1863, in Company H, Fourth Iowa Ca-valry, and was honorably mustered Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby, authorized out August 8, 1865, with his regiment." and directed to revoke the order dishonorably dischargiiJ.g George Whitta­ ker, late a private of Comllany C, Twelfth New Jersey Volunteers, and to The report (by Mr. MARSH) was read, as follows: issue to him an honorable discharge, to date the 21st of April, 1865, the date of The Committee on Military .Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (8. 142) said oTder. entitled "A bill to remove the charge of desertion from William H. H. Cook," having had the same under consideration, report it back favorably and recom- The report (by Mr. BowERS of California) was read, as follows: mend Its passage. . The Committee on Military .Affaii·s, to whom was refen·ed the bill (H. R. The committee adoi,>ts as its report herein Senate Report No. 111, Fifty-third 3488) to correct the military record of George Whltta!rer~ late a private. of Congress, second sessiOn, which is as follows: " Company C, Twelfth New Jersey Volunteers, having naa. the same under "This bill J.s simila~· to the bill amended and reported favorably and passed consideration, report as follows: the Senate ill the Fifty-second Congress. The report of the Committee on This man was enrolled July 19, 1862, as a private, and on March 6,1865, he Military .Affairs on that occasion is attached hereto and made a part of this was tried by colll't-tm~.rtial for conduct to the prejudice of good order and report, as follows: military discipline, wasfoundguiltyandsentenced to loss ofpayand to serve "The Committee on Military .Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (S.l568) at hard labor under guard for "the balance of his enlistment. entitled 'A bill to remove the charge of desertion from William H. H. Cook,' The facts of the case are that the said private was detailed for fatigue duty have had the same under consideration and report it back favorably, o~ the 20th of February preceding, and there appears no doubt that there amended, and recommend its passage. wali_a failure or neglect to notify him in time; that when called out he made · "' '.l'he records of the War Department-Show that Cook was enrolled as a use of some harsh language, and the officer Said to him, "Damn you, shut up private in Company G, Fifth New York Volunteer Infantry, May 21, 18G2 to your month," to which Whittaker replied that he would when he got a good serve three years, and was transferred to the regimental band August 1, 186:'3, ready. With that the lieutenant drew his sword and struck the soldier and served until he was reported 'missing in action at Gaines Mills,' fought across the "hips an_d seized hold of him. Whittaker grasped the officer's June 27, 1863, and was retransferred to Company G July-Au~t, ~. He sword with his left hand and brought his gun down to a ready, but did not did not re~oin this company, and on its muster-out roll May 1 1863, he is re­ attempt to strike the officer with his gtill, and finally took his place in the ported as dropped by General Order 92 of the War Departmen • The effect ranks and went to duty. of this order was to treat Cook as a deserter. The medical records show him On July 28, 186-5, the JUdge-advocate, Maj. A. Hosmer, presented thepetition left sick at Gaines Mills, June 27, 1862; in Stewart's mansion genBral hos­ of Whittaker's me-ther for his pardon and recommended it. By direction of l&_ta.J,_, at Baltimore, Md., July 1, 1862 and as having deserted August 25, 1862. the President the unexecuted portion of the sentence was remitted. No While a deserter at large under said Order 92 he enlisted, December 25, 1863, charge of desertion appears upon the records of his company or regiment. It as a private in Company H, Fourth Iowa Cavalry, and served faithfully until appears that this man served nearly three years as a good and faithful soldier. August 8, 1865 being mustered out at Atlanta, Ga. This was his only offense and it is apparent he had some provocation. He was "·Cook explaiD.S that he received a sunstroke at Games Mill, and, because not imprisoned until after tha war terminated. . · of such disability, was removed to the aforesaid hospital at Ba.ltimore and It appears that this man was wounded three times at the battle of Chancei­ that whil& in a weak and sick condition, and while in uniform, took a "&rain1 lorsville. His mother testifies that he was her main support; that he always for Brooklyn to see his mother, with intent to return to the hospital; that he sent his money to her, and that she had two other sons m the United States continued weak and sick, and being unable to perform milita,ry duty, thought I service, one in the regular Army and one in the Navy. it useless to return, and being ignorant, neglected to forward a sur~eon's Lieut.•. W. Gaskill, of Company K, also stated, in an indorsement on the. certificate as to his condition. 'l'hat his head continued to bother him be­ soldier's letter, th!! desert; that he was disabled at Gaines he b elieved the soldier had suffered enough and should receive the allowance 'Mills; that he was quite young and ignorant of military requirements fl.ll due him. seem to be established; an~ in view of his subsequent enlistment, and faith­ Accompanying affidavits, (!ated l't.Ia~ 10, 1882, there was forwarded to the ful service for nearly two years, your committee think it is a caso where adjutant-general of the State of New Jersey an ex.t1·act from the minutes of Congress should;grant him relief.' " a meeting of the survivors of the soldier's regiment, date of meeting not stated, which reads as follows: · 1\Ir. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I understand from that report "Whereas George Whittaker a private of Company C, Twelfth Regiment that there is no testimony to sustain the statement with reference New Jersey y olunteers, was dishonorably1 discharB"ed from the serviw by to the circumstances under wh:i,ch this man deserted except his sentence of a court-martial on account of insubordination, and whereas said Whittaker did, to om· peYsonal knowledge, otherwise perform his duty as a .own statement. I do not find in this record a particle of testi­ soldier in camp, on the battlefield and on the picket line: Therefore mony by any other human being except the man himself as to the 'Resolt:ed, That the survivors of the Twelfth Regiment do hereby unani­ causes which led to his desertion. I take it for granted that when mously r~quest the adjutant-general of the State to do whatever lies in his power and may be necessary to obtain such legislation by Congress as may he enlisted a second time, in a different part of the country, remove the stain of dishonorable discharge from the record of a man who did he received a bounty for it, and that he enlisted for the purpose of faithful serrtce for the Union, and whose disgrace was caused by ~single ac­ securing that bounty. , I donot think this is a meritorious case or tion done in a moment of passion under some provocation." that it ought to pass. Ejght of the officers of the said regiment have petitioned for the honorable discharge, with all the privileges conferred by such a discharge, to the De­ Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Chairman, the fact is that this man enlisted pa.rtment. in a New York t·egiment that was mustered out in 1862. It was In new of all the facts it appears that this soldier's trouble came upon him a one-year regiment; and this man was injured at the battle of through his disposition to fight, which we are disposed to consider a pardona­ ble offense in a soldier. Gaines Mill and was left in the hospital. BefOie he recovered the Your committ~ therafore recommend that the bill do pass. New York regiment in whlch he had enlisted was mustered out ,

I 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 663

of the service, .and for that reason he did not join the regi:mEmt. vey, and was attached to the schooners Crawford and Varina for two years. He was then attached to the Levant and joined the East India sqnadron, and When the .regiment was mustered out he was reported as a de­ in November, 1856, in the capture -t~.nd r-eduction of the barrier forts in the serter because h.a had not reported. The regiment really deserted Cant.on Ri>er he was seriously wounded. Retm'Uing from that cruise he the man. Now, after the r~giment was mustered out he recovered joined the Wyoming .and went to the Paci:fi.c station, where he remained un­ til the breaking out of the rebellion, whenhereturned East and took an active his health to some extent and went West to Iowa, and his health part until the close of the war, commanding the Somerset and Sagamm·e jn having further improved thertJ, he enlisted in an Iowa regiment . the East Gulf squadron., ca-pturing a large number of blockade ruilllers, Cedar I do not think he got a bounty. Keys, St. Marks, as well as destroying large numbers of salt manufactories on t.he coast. Mr. JONES. In 1863? Health failing him, -he retnrned North for a short time. May, 1864, he took Mr. LUCAS. In 1863. Perhaps the Government gave a small command of ilhe Wyalusing in the sounds of North Carolina, where here­ bounty, but it was not much. The man is now dead. He has mained until the suppression of the rebellion. While in the sounds he as­ sisted in the capture of the city of Plymouth and the rebel ram Albemarle died since the bill was introduced in the Fifty-third Congress, and and in numerous engagements up the Roanoke River and in various Jllaces in I desire that the bill may be passed in or~ to remove this cloud .the sounds. The war ending, he was ordered to the navy-yard, New York, from the man's record. He was- one of tb.e best citizens of my on ordnance duty, until, in November, 1800, he tookeommand of the Iroquois and once more joined the Eas't India station; was in Japan during the revo­ State, a man who always mom"D.ed at and was ehagriried over the lution in that country and when the Tycoon was defeated by Satsuma a,t cloud that overshadowed his military record. His wife begs me O&s.k.1. he and his official followers fied and took refuge on ~d the Iroquois, to have this bill passed so that the cloud may be removed, for which kindness he received the thanks of the Tycoon. He returned home in November, 1810, and for thr-ee years was on special service with Admiral Mr. JONES. Then I understand, if that is the only purpose, Porter and .at navy-yard, Portsmouth, N.H. Marcht.l874, he took command that the gentleman will not object to a proviso ~t he is not to of the Congress and joined the European station, ana in the absence of Ad­ "''eceive any pension? miral \Vorden the duty of settlin~ a difficulty bet·ween the pasha of Tripoli and the United States consul dev01ved upon him. Mr. LUCAS. None at all. I am perfectly willing t~at the l:Sill TheGovermnentwassowellsatisfiedwiththeresultthatG-eneralGranr, then shall be .amended. President of the United States, thanked him in per100n. Returning home in Mr. JONES. Then I move to amend the bill so that the claim­ 1876, he was ordered as senior naval offioor afloat at the Centennial, Philadel­ ant shall not receive any pension by reason of this removal of the phia, where his sailors and marines were given a post of honol· in the grand procession on the day of the opening. cb.arge of desertion. July 31, 1876, was ordered as commandant of the Portsmouth (N.H.) The CHAIRMAN. The Chair understood the gentleman from naval station, where he remained until November, 1878, when he was ap­ South Dakota to say that the soldier is dead. pointed Chief of the Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting, Navy Depart­ ment. While in the Bureau he had a law passed authorizing tlfe enlistment Mr. LUCAS. The soldier is dead now. of seven hundred and fifty naval apprentices. At th-e same time Coasters' Mr. JONES. Is the soldier dead? Harbor Lsland,at Newport, R.I., wa.s ceded by the Sta-te to the National Gov­ Mr. LUCAS. Yes, sir; but his family desil·es that the bill shall ernment as the headquarters for the :training station, where it remains at the present time in a most flourishing condition. be-passed. He was instrm:nental in haring President Arthur sign the order ine:reasiiig Mr. JONES. Does it give his widow a pension? the -pay of th-e enlisted men and boys in the .-avy. September 4, 198!, here­ Mr. LUCAS. There is nothing said about that in the bill. signed from the Bureau and took command of the European station. Return­ ing home, he retired, according to law, February 25,1885. Mr. JONES. I would like the bill amended so as to provide Promotio-n.s.-.July 11, 1&16, passed midshipman: :March 1, 1855, ruas+..,er; Sep­ against a pension being allowed under it. Has the soldier a tember 16,1855, lieutenant-commander; July 25,1866, com~ander; September widow? 28, 1812, Cc'lp~ 1\farch 25, 1880, commodore; Sep:tember 4, 1884, ?ea-r-admiral. Admiral English died July 16 1893, and his widow filed an application for Mr. LUCAS. Yes, sir; he left a widow. pension December 19, 1893, but the same wa.s disallowed April 25, 1894, on the Mr. JONES. A.n£l children? ground that the dllrease from which he died (acute enteritis) could not be Mr. LUCAS. And some be laid aSide with a favor­ admiral, the highest rank in the Na,-y'tmde.r existing laws, and w.as retired on able recommendation. the 18th of February, 1886. . ./' "Third. That the said decedent served with distinction through three wars ELI.Z.AEETH MOORE ENGLISH. and the exposures and hardships of forty-six years on the active list, more than twenty-seven of which were spent at sea, twelve years having been Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Mr. Chairman, I call up the bill (H. been passed in the East Indies, where he was severely_wounded in an enga~e­ R. 6585) granting a pension to Elizabeth Moore English. ment at the Barrier forts in the Chinese war. Never wavering in nis alleginnee to the United States throughout his long career, he was di"ltin­ The bill was read, as follows: · gnished by his services, charaetenzt!d by wisdom and bravery. Be it enacted~ etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, "Fourth. That your petitioner's :husband died leaving her little property authorized ana directed to~ on the pension roll. subject to the provisions and that she is ip. embarrassed circumstances and without adequate means and limitations of the peilSlon laws the name of Elizabeth Moore English, of support. Y

664 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

Mr. CURTIS of New' York. What was his rank? shot. He also had aphonia (loss of voice), and for five years after discharge Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. Rear-admiral. he was not able to work. But after that he was somewhat improved and when he last knew him he was acting as agent for a sewing-machine company. Mr. CURTIS of New York. Then his widowwould be entitled Mary A. Scott and Jennie R. Davis, sisters of soldier, testify that he left to $30 a month. A captain in the Navy ranks with a colonel in home m18-72 and none of his relatives have ever heard of him since· he had the Army. committed no crime; was on good terms with his relatives.J_and there was no ground for his failure to return if alive. -They believe he aied in a paroxysm Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. The statement in the report is very of heart disease, and he was unable to speak when h a took them. clear: . The f1;1-ct~ of petitioner's marriage~ soldier and that she has not married Admiral English died July 16, 1893, and his widow filed an application for smce hiB disappearance and that she IS destitute and dependent on a son are pension December 19, 1893, but the same was disallowed April26, 1894, on the duly s~own by formal evid~nce. ground that the disease from which he died (acute enteritis) could not clearly In view of these facts the death of soldier seems to be fairly presumable and your committee recommend that the bill do pass, and that the title b6 be traced to diseases originating in line of duty during his active service. amended to read "A bill to pension Maria. Davis." It is believed~_however, that a liberal view of the testimony would have jus­ tified the meaical authorities of the Pension Office in allowing the claim, as Mr. JONES. What is the amount to be allowed this widow? the hospital records show that the officer was frequently under treatment during his active service for diseases similar in character to the one which Mr. MAHON. Eight dollars a month, under the act of 1890. caused his death. The physician (a naval surgeon) who treated Admiral The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with a favor- English during his final illness gave it as his opinion that the officer's "long able recommendation> and arduous service brought a train of infirmities which gradually sapped EUNICE PUTMAN. vitality" and assisted in bringing about a fatal termination to his illness. The records of the Department show that he was treated for dis­ Mr. MARSH (when his name was called). I call up the bill eases similar in character to the one of which he died. (H. R. 2051) to grant a pension to Eunice Putman. Mr: JONES. Does the report show or can the g,entleman state The bill was read, as follows: Be it _enacted.J etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby what the circumstances of this lady are? auth ~r~ed ~na directed to J?lace on the pension roll, subject to the provisionS Ml·. LOUD:ENSLAGER. I will read the statement in the pe­ and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Eunice Putman, invalid tition. d!l'ughte~· of Joh!J. Putman, late a _l)rivate in Company D, One hundred and eight y-SIXth Regunent New York Volunteers, and pay her a pension at the • Fourth. That your petitioner's husband died leaving her little property, rate of $12 per month. and that she is in embarrassed circumstances and without adequate means of support. Your petitioner therefore prays that ;v:our honorable body will The report (by Mr. RYAN) was read, as follows: pass an act for her relief, granting to her as the Widow of the late Earl Eng­ The Committee on Invalid Pensions1 to whom was referred the bill (H. R. lish a pension of $100 per month. 2051 ) _gra:n~g a pe:r;sion to Eunice Put;man, submit the following report: Mr. JONES. But there is no proof on that subject--nothing This billlS a duplicate of one reported by this committee in the Fifty-sec­ O?d Congress, but which was not r~ached o~ the Calendar before the expira­ beyond the statement of the petition. tion of the Congress. The report m t.he Fifty-second Congress, which your Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. There was proof before the commit­ commit tee hereby)1-dopt in its entirety, including the amendments recom­ tee. I forget the exact amount that she is worth, but it is very mended, is as follows: small, and she is dependent upon relatives for support. "The petitioner is the daughter of John Putman, who served in Company D One hundred and eighty-sixth New York Volunteers, from August 27 18M. to The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ June 2,1865, when he was honorably discharged, as shown by the reeor place on the pension roll the name of Joseph W. will be made by any person to increase this pension to more than Snyder, the aged and cnppled son of Jacob Snyder, deceased, late a private in &,ptain Roger's company of Pennsylvania. militia, in the war of the Revo­ $30 a month I will not object. lution, and to pay him a pension at the rate of $12 a month from and after the Mr. LOUDENSLAGER. So far as I am concerned, I will say passage of this act. 1 to the gentleman that I will neither ask it myself nor request any­ The report (by Mr. CLARK of Missouri) was read, a.s follows: one else to ask it. The Committee on Pensions, to whom was r~ferred the bill (H. R. 7028) The amendment to the amendment recommended by the com­ granting a pension .to Joseph W. Snyder, have considered the same andre· mittee was agreed to. spectfully report as follows: The bill as amended was laid aside to be reported to the House The claimant is the crippled and dependent son of Jacob Snyder, who served from September 20,1812, to November 20,1812, in the war of that year with with the recommendation that it do pass. Great Britain. M.ARIA. DAVIS. After the soldier's death, which occurred in 1867, his widow, Mary Snydert was placed upon the pension roll and continued to draw her allowance of ~ Mr. MAHON (when his name was called). I call up the bill per month until her death, on July 4, 1883. The testimony of Dr. J. C. Bucher, of Andrews, Ind., shows that Joseph W. (H. R. 6186) for the relief of Maria Davis. Snyder is suffering from a congenital deformity of both hands and right foot, The bill was read, as follows: known as" club" hands and foot, and there is other testimony on file show­ Be it enacted~ etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, ing that the claimant has been crippled since birth, and that he is now wholly authorized ana directed toplaceonthepension roll,aubject to the limitations disabled for manual labor. He is now about 60 years old and without prop· • and provisions of the act of Congress approved June ~. 1890, the name of erty from which to derive a support. Maria Davis, widow of Lieut. E. R. R. Davis, of Company C, Fifteenth Regi­ In addition to the sworn testimony the facts are shown by a. petition signed ment of Pennsylvania Cavalry. by a large number of the citizens of Huntington County, Ind. In view of the fact that the beneficiary has been crippled and deformed ever The report (by Mr. ERDMAN) was read, as follows: since his birth, your COID:mittee have ~ecided to depart from the policy here­ The Committee on Invalid Pensions have considered the bill (H. R. 6186) to tofore pursued by them m cases of children of soldiers of the war of 1812, and pension Maria Davis, and submit the following re]Jort: make an exception of this case by recommending favorable action on the bill. The petition~r is, she believes, .the widow of Edmund R. R. Davis, who The bill is therefore returned with the recommendation that it do pass, served as lieutenant of Company A, Ninth United States Colored Heavy Artil­ amended, however, as follows: By striking out the words "Revolutionary • lery, from August 25, 1864, to Au~ust 2, 1865. She was married to him N ovem­ soldier" in the title and inserting in lieu thereof the words "soldier of the ber 6, 1862. Her claim for peDSion was rejected by the Pension Bureau in war of 1812; " also by striking otLt the words "the Revolution," in line 7, and October 1891, because she is unable to prove positively the death of her hus­ substituting the words ''eighteen hundred and twelve.'' band, alt.hough1 he disappeared and has not been heard of since 1872. He has The CHAIRMAN. The question is upon the amendments pro­ ' never applied for pens10n. Dr. C. A. Howland, of Chetopa, Kans., testifies that after the war soldier posed by the committee, as stated in the report just read. suffered from heal't disease (angina pwtoris). At times he would fall as if Mr. JONES. Mr. Chah·man, I understand that this bill pro- 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 665 poses to give $12 a month and that the mother of this invalid re­ th~r.e~ilf::e~ N~yes, Boston, Mass., describes also the pitiable condition of ceived $8 a month. _I move to amend by inserting S8 in lien of $12. Jo~ J. Reardon, of Boston writes that the petitioner has been an invalid 1\ir. 11-fARTIN of Indiana.. Mr. Chairman, this bill was intro­ all his life and is in very destitute1 circumstances. duced by myself, but.was referred necessarily to the Committee Certified copies of public record show that the soldier and the petitioner's mother were married January ll, 18M; the son was born November 10, 18M; on Pensions, who have reported it according to the usage of that the mother died January?:!, 1872; the soldier died August 22, 1883. committee. Now, if the amount named in the bHI be that usually Willia.m F. Caldwell and Patrick P. Grace, of Boston, testify that the peti­ fixed in bills of this kind coming from that committee it would tioner ha.S no income or means of support, and is dependent on charity and assistance of others, especially his grandmother. hardly be light to make a reduction in the single case of t]:ris old fofr~!~~mmittee recommend that the bill do pass, after being amended.as man. I do not know certainly what the rule is. Mr. JONES. I do not think the committee has any particular Strike out all after the word "pension," in line 7, and insert in lieu the~of the words "subject to the provisions and limitations of the act approved rule about these things. At any rate, it seems to me that inas­ June?:/, 1890." much as this invalid's mother, who had charge of him, received but $8 a month, Congress ought not now to be asked, after she is The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment-- dead and gone, to give the invalid himself more than she received. Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, before that I desire to be heard If $8 was sufficient to support the two I should think that $12 was briefly. This man's father seems to have enlisted in 1865, and it too much for one. is on account of his services, I suppose, that the beneficiary is to Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. Is it not true-! simply make this be pensioned, and not as a mere act of charity because he suffers inquiry-that the mother, if now living, would under the law as from such a fearful disability. I would like to hear some state­ it has existed in late years receive $12 a month? ment from the gentleman in charge of the bill. I believe bounties Mr. JONES. That would· depend, as I understand the law, were pretty large about 1865, and if the father of this claimant entirely upon circumstances. · ,_ received a large bounty, and served only a very short time"! do Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. Would she not receive that amount n,ot think Congress ought to go out of its way to pass a special under the general law? . . bill for this .man's relief simply because he is in a physically bad Mr. JONES. If she could prove certain things she might have condition. her pension increased from $8 to $12 a month; but she would have Mr. TAYLOR of Indiana. He would not get any 'bounty if he to show herself absolutely destitute and comply with other re- was drafted, would he? quirements. 1 Mr. JONES. I do not know whether he was drafted or not. I Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. I am not familiar with the facts say !.imagine he got a bounty, as bounties were pretty l~ge in the myself. . latter part of the war. ·The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ Mr. TAYLOR of Indiana. Drafts were enforced about that ment of the gentleman from Virginia, to strike out " twelve" and time, too. insert "eight." Mr. JONES. I do not know, of course, whetherhewasdrafted The question was taken, and on·a division (demanded by Mr. 9r not. JoNEs) there were-ayes 1, noes 17. . Mr. McETTR~CK. Mr. Chairman, I did not suppose that this So the amendment was rejected. bill would be obJected to by any gentleman, the circumstances of The amendments recommended by the committee were agreed to. the case are so harrowing. The CHAIRJ\.1AN. The question is on laying the bill aside with It is true that the father of this boy enlisted during the latter favorable-recommendation. If there be no objection-­ months of the war; .but it is also true that some of the most severe Yr. JONES. I objec.t. • engagements of the war were fought after Febru,ary, 1865, and he The CHAIRMAN. 1 The question is, Shall the bill be laid aside had some three or four months to serve during the active opera­ with a favorable recommendation? tions of the war. The fact is he served some seven months after­ The committee divided, and there were-ayes 2~ noes 2. wards. Mr. JONES. No quorum. Now, the position I .take is somewhat antagonistic to the position Mr. l\IARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, in view of the neces­ assun;ted by the gentleman .from Yirginia_; and, by the bye, I am sities of this old man, if the gentleman from Virginia will with­ not disposed to run up agamst hun at this particular time at all draw his point of no quorum I will ask the House to accept the events, as I am very anxious to have the bill passed. But I con­ amendment which it has rejected. tend, whether it be Democratic or Republican policy-! contend Mr. JONES. Very well. that every man who ever took up arms in the cause of the Union Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. Now, I ask the committee to recon­ and in defense of it should be pensioned for life, and this man sider its action rejecting the amendment of the gentleman from had abundant opportunity to lose his life again and again during Virginia. _ the three or four months of active service during his connection The CHAIRMAN. If there benoobjection the Chair will again with the army before the war was terminat€d. submit the amendment. . Mr. JONES. He did not avail himself of any of the opportuni­ There was no objection. · ties, I suppose. The amendment of Mr. J Ol'l"ES was agreed to. Mr. McETTRICK. Yes, sir;- he did. He was a&good a soldier The bill as amended was laid aside to be reported to the House I think, as ever went to the front. And I submit if the gentl~ with the recommendation that it do pass. man can offer any evidence I am willing to listen to it if he can furnish any testimony of any kind to the contrary. ' RICHARD R. KNIGHT. .Mr. JQNES. The gen~leman ought not to call upon me to fm­ Mr. McETTRICK (when_ his name was called); Mr. Chairman, msh testimony. I snbmitthll.tthe burden of proof is on him. He I call up the bill (H. R. 5377) granting a pension to Richard R. ought n?t to ~xpect me to submit testimony. . But here is a man Knight. who enlisted m Februa-ry just before the close of the war. If he The bill is as follows: ever served in any engagement it does not so appear from the testi­ Be it f-nacted, e0., That the Secretary of tl?-e Interior be, and he is hereby, mony. The gentleman himself does not say that he took part in authoriZed and diTected to place on the pellSlon roll the name of Richard R. any fight during the war at all or indeed that he ever went to the Knight, son of Phpip T. Knight, alias Patrick Reardon, late of Company B, front .. It is on this _Particular branch of the question_that the Twenty-first Regunent Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension of $12 per month from and after the passage of this act. committee wants enlightenment, not what he might have done if he had the opportunity, but what he actually did with the oppor­ The report (by Mr. McETTRICK) is as follows: tunities that he ha-d. Th~ Co~ttee on Inyalid Pensions _have considered the bill (H. R. 5377) to panswn Richard R. Kmght, and subnnt the following report: Mr. McETTRICK. This matter, Mr. Chairman, was considered The p_etitioner is the ~n of Philip T. Knight, alias Patrick Reardon, who ~y the C?mmitt~ on Invalid Pensi_ons in open session. They con­ served m Comp:my B, Thirty-first Maqgachusetts Infantry. The records of Sidered It carefully, as they consider all questions which come the .War Department show that Patrick Reardon served in that company and regun~nt from February 9, 1865, to September 9,1865, and sworn testimony of before them for determination. The gentleman from Virginia two Witn~~es shows that McKnight and Reardon are identical. assumes that the Committee on Invalid Pensions is composed of The p at1t10ner was born November 10, 18M. He filed a claim in the Pension members who handle these matters carelessly, while the fact is Bureau under the act of J:.une ?:!, 1890, which was rejected at once on the ~crntinize ~ach gr~und that he was over 16 years of age at the date of his father's death. No that these ge.ntlemen case as closely and loo;!r at claun was over filed by the soldier or by his widow. t~em as cautiously' obJect as qmckly to the passage of improper The petitioner alle~es that he is permanently helpless from a deformity of bills, ~nd are in every way as much interested in presenting only t.he unnary. organs smce his birth. \Vhen 7 years old he was operated on at P!Oper cases for the c9nsideration of the House as the gentleman Bost~n: he IS unable t:oans'?'er the calls of nature without the useof artificial appliances. The entire urmary organs and lower part of abdomen from himself. Matters which come before that committee have, as I navel downward '?'ere ~emoved., and th~t part of his ·body is confined in a know well, to run·the gantlet of the closest inspection. eo:pper mask. He IS entll'ely dependent on others for the necessaries of life bemg unable since his birth to earn a support. ' It was developed at the hearing in this matter that this soldier Dr.. R. !1. Hodges, Boston, Mass., states that this man suffers fro!Il a de­ had served faithfully, and it ought to be assumed by this !louse, fornnty called "e~ro:phy of the '!?ladder" from his birth. That there is no when the Committee on Invalid Pensions makes such a report, wo~se or more disabling deformity known to surgeons, and it gets worse. after faithful consideration like this, that the circumstances would He IS wholly dependent on an aged grandmother. In winter his condition is p~tiable in the extreme. The deformity is not a frequent one and entails ter­ warrant the granting of the relief sought. . nble affliction not easy to describe in writing. There was not a scintilla of evidence presented to the commit... 666 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

tee to show that this man was not a brave soldier,..and I contend Mr. McETTRICK. Yes, I do. that the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. JoNES] goes out of his Mr. JONES. That all may be so; but I wanted to know if the way when he assumes for a moment that there is any grm:rnd for gentleman knew of any services rendered by the soldier to his offering an objection to. the passage of this bill for the reason that country except his enlistment. he states. To be sure it is not posSI"ble for all the details in con­ Mr. McETTRICK. Iassumethatwhenam.anreceivesa bounty, nection with every case to be presented to this House, but it must as the gentleman suqgests this soldier must have received a b01mty be assumed that when a bill of this nature has been so carefully at that pa1·ticular time, that he did not receive it to go to play considered, and has been reported Ullanim.ously, as this bill has, maTbles, but to go to the front, and he did go to the fl:ont. The that no objection of this kind ought to be raised by a member of fact was that even if he received a bounty he went to the front. this body who has not had an equal opportunity of investigating They did not give bounties in Massachusetts to home guards. and considering the question. 1\-fr. MARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Cha,irman, I desire to make a I think the gentleman from Virginia will acknowledge that the very brief statement of the facts relating to this bill. With ref­ opportunity afforded the committee exceeded his own for judg­ erence to what the gentleman from Vn·ginia said as to my oppo­ ing of its merits, and I trust the gentleman will withdraw his sition to a bill that had passed this committee, I want to say to opposition. The case, as I say, is very harrowing. I know some­ him that that was not a unanimous report of the committee, thing about the circUIIlBtances of it, and they are vm:y pitiful altoough a minority report was not presented. indeed. Rank injustice will be done to this poor old woman UJ?­ Mr. JONES. I judged it was by that fact. ward of 70 years of age, who has to support this poor invalid, if Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. This bill was unanimously favor­ this bill does not pass. · ably reported by the committee, and for this reason: Under the Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I can not at all a{}ceptthe conclu­ act of June 27, 1890, where a soldier served three months and sions of the gentleman from Massachusetts. He assumes that, was honorably dischru.·g.ed, at his death his widow would be because the Committee on Invalid Pensions reports a bill to this entitled, if dependent, to receive a pension of $8 a month, although House, no member of this House who does not happen to be so he had not died by reason of .his service, and $2 each for any addi­ fortunate as to be a member of that committee has any right tional children and for each child permanently helpless. at all to question the merits of the claim. Now, this child's mother died in 1872. The father lived, how­ Mr. McETTRICK. I do not assume anything of that kina. ever, unti11883, and left no widow; therefore she could not apply. Mr. JONES. Now the gentleman has discussed this question But, on the other hand, even after the death of the mother he had for some time. He might have answered my question in much supported this child, which was permanently helpless, through all less time than he has taken to discuss the way in which the com­ the years of its infancy; and it lived as helpless as when it was mittee examine these cases. I asked him a very plain question, born. During the sessions of the committee when we examined and I thought it would elicit some information upon which this matter pictures were introduced, photographs showing this this House could act. Now, I do not want to go off on a side child as lie lay in his bed absolutely helpless. It seemed to us, issue. I do not want to discuss the questions that the gentleman tmder all the circumstances of the case, that the soldier never hav­ raises; but I will say in reply to his positiQn, without intending ing been pensioned, the mother not outliving him, and therefore in the least to reflect upon the Committee on Invalid Pensions, not being able to apply, this child having been in point of fact ab­ that only a few nights ago a bill came up here for consideration solutely helpless since and now worse, with a large number of that was unanimously reported by the Committee on Invalid Pen­ the natural organs taken away from him, and a charge upon sions. I will say to him that I myself offered an amendment to the public, it seemed to us that the same bounty which would that bill reducing the amount, and that it afterwards passed the give to the soldier a pension after service of tlu·ee months ought Committee of the Whole and was referred to the House, and when to entitle this boy t~ $10 a month when the father had served seven that bill came up before the House no less a personage than the months and was honorably discharged. distinguished chaiTman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions Mr. JONES. Would the pension under this bill be ;;!0 a month? himself opposed the bill and the granting of any pension at all, Mr. MAR Til'( of Indiana. It would be $10 a month. and it was defeated in the House. The amendment recQmmended by the committee was agreed to. That bill was unanimously reported by the Committee on In­ The bill as amended wns ordered to be laid aside with a favora- valid Pensions; but afterwards, when it came up before the House ble recommendation. and had been favorably recommended by this Committee of the SUSANNAH KE.PFORD. Whole, the cliairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions him­ Mr. l\IcNAGNY (when his name was called). Mr. Chairman, self arose in his seat ¥>nd gave valid reasons to the House why that I call np the bill (H. R. 6651) to pension Susannah Kepford, of bill should not pass. I simply mention that in reply to the state­ Noble County, Ind. 1 ment of my friend from Massachusetts, that we ought to accept The bill was read, as follows: without question the findings of this committee. Be it enacte-d, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he hereby is, :1\ir; 1\IcETTRICK. I do not take any such position. authorized and directed to IJlace upon the pension roll the name of Susannah Mr. JONES. I want to say to the gentleman what I have said Kepford, of Noble County, Ind., at the rate of $).2 per month from the date many times before, that I propose never to accept such an argu­ of the final passage of this act. ment as that, and I propose never to surrender my judgment or The report (by Mr. MARTIN of Indiana) was read, as follows: my conscience to any member of this House. The Committee on Invalid Pensions reports that it has examined the bill Mr. McETTRICK. I do not want the gentleman tcr- do that. (H. R. 6651) to pension Susa.nna.hKepford, and find that said Susannah Kepford Will the gentleman put his question once more? If a prompt re­ was the former widow of one Joel Clark, who, enlisted in Company D,One hundred and forty-second Indiana Volunteers, in the war of the rebellion, on ply to. any question that he asks will satisfy him I am only too October 4, 1864, and served honorably until the 2!th day of June 1865, when ready to grant it. ' he died in the service of chronic diarrhea. contracted in the line or1 duty. Mr. JONES. The substance of the question was this: I wanted The beneficiary hereof, saia Susannah, was married to said Joel Clark prior to the said war; in 1844 said soldier died at Nashville, Tenn., leaving said Su­ to know what services the deceased soldier rendered to his country. sannah as his widow, and seven minor children, of whom five were at home I said that the fact that he enlisted in 1865 was persuasive to me with said Susannah and aged respectively 4, 8, 10, 14, and 16 years, and of that he received a large boUJJ,ty, and it was not shown in this re­ whom the second and fourth died in September 1865. Joel C1ar k was a l;joborer with no property, and supported his family by his port that he had rendered any services at all to his country except earnings as such. and therefore left his family no means of support )vhat­ the fact that he enlisted. In many of these reports the distin­ ever. The said Susannah cared for and supported her remaining children guished services of the man on account of whom a pension is asked until they grew up and left her to seek homes of their own. The widow subsequently married one Daniel Kepford, who lived but a short are set out at length. ·In this case there is not one word said time, dying about seventeen years ago and leaving no property. Subsequent about his services, and therefore I draw t4e conclusion that he did to her remarriage a pension was granted to her as guardian of two of her said not render any services worth mentioning, because they are not children, which pension ceased on April 9, 1877, when the youngest of said stated in this report. If the gentleman knows of any distinguished children became 16 years of age. She never drew a pension and no other pen­ sion was ever granted on accountof said service, herr~marriage having barred 'Services that he rendered to his country, I hope he will give the her own claim. She is now about 70 years·of age, feeble in body, broken in House the benefit of his lmowledge. strength, penniless, without any relative able to aid in her support. By her remarriage the United States has been relieved of the payment of Mr. McETTRICK. This report states clearly that he served in pension for more than seventeen years, and at the close of a life of poverty and the Thirty-first Massachusetts Infantry from February 9, 1865, to toil·she asks the United States to grant her a small pension andt thus save September 9, 1865. Now, the Thirty-first Massachusetts IDfantry her from becoming a pnblic chars-e. was not a home guard. It was a regiment which went to the Upon these facts your committee recommend the passago of the bill, amended, however, by inserting, in line 5, immediately after the word "In­ front. It was at the front until September, 1865. diana," the words" as former widow of Joel Clark, deceased, late a private .Mr. JONES. I think the capital of the Confe9-eracy was taken in Company D, One hundred and forty-second Regiment of Indiana Volun­ about the 2d of April, 1865, two months after this man•s enlist­ teers, in the war of the rebellion, subject to the provisions and limitations of ment. the general pension law," and that "thus amended the bill do pass. M.r. McETTRICK. Yes; but none of those Massa{}husetts reg­ The amendment 1·ecommended by the committee was agreed to. iments returned home before May, and some of them did not re­ The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the bill as amended will turn until Sep-tember, and possibly even a later date than that. be laid aside, with a favorable recommendatiqn. They w~e in the service all the time. Mr. JONES. I object, Mr. Chairman. Mr. JONES. The gentleman does not apprehend my question The CHAIRMAN. The question, then, is on laying the bill as a3 all. amended aside, with a favorable recomn;endation. 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE.- 667~

Mr. McNAGNY. I would like to know what the objection to Mr. McNAGNY. My recollection is that it was two years. the bill is before the vote is taken. The report does not state, and my recollection is founded upon :Mr. JONES. I will state to the gentleman that this is- one of what I recall of the testimony in the case. those bills that certain members of the Committee on Invalid Pen- Mr. JONES. Does the report state how long th~ second hus- sions have always objected to. They have filed, as I have had band lived?. occasion to say before this evening, a number of minority reports, Mr. McNAGNY. Not specifically. It states that he lived but whlch they say apply to all these cases, and that it is not neces- a short time. I think it was three months. I know it was a very sary for them to file minority reports in each case. They take short time, and during the seventeen years since his death she has broad ground, and they give very good reasons why widows who remained unmarried and has supported herself, and she probably have remarried and who thereby lose their pensions shall not by would not ask for this relief now but for the fact that increasing special legislation be repensioned. They say if this is to be done infirmities prevent her from continuing to do washing and other­

there are hundreds and thousands of such widows in' the country, 1· work of that kincl by which she has heretofore supported herself. and it ought to be done by some general law and not by special The amendment was agreed to. legislation. They state the matter much stronger and more forci- The bill as amended was laid aside to be reported to the House bly than I can do, and the gentleman has doubtless heard these with the recommendation that it do pass. b~~r::i~e~~ th~~e~~:~~~ ~~~:~:;~!t~~ t~~edt~~!\~~ • WILLLUI T. HOLMAN. ground and have given their reasons for it.' Mr. McRAE (when his name was called}. l'tir. Chairman, I Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. I desire to ask the gentleman a call up the bill (H. R. 7468) for the 1·elief of William T. Holman. question. The bill was read, as follows: The Cl=T A IRM.AN. Does the gentleman yield to the gentleman Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he hereby is, ~ana?. authorized and directed to place on the pension rolls the name of William T. from Indi Holman, of Rocky Comfort; Ark., late a priva.t.e in Capt. Charles Pettigrew's Mr. JONES. Certainly. Company, commanded by Col. Laban C. Horrell and Albert Forohr, Indian him Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. If the gentleman 1will notice he will war, and pay a pension at the rate of $1~ per month on and after the find that this is different from any other case. It is not the pas...c:age of this act. · - restoration of a pension, for no pension has ever been granted The report (by Mr. TAWNEY) was read, as follows: either to the widow or children, The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 7!68) Mr. JONES. She married ve~ soon after hel' husband's death. granting a pension to William T. Holman, have considered the same, and · ~.; respectfully report as follows: Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. About a yeaJ.' afterwards. Claimant enlisted September 3,1836, in Capt. Charles Pettigrew's company, Mr. JONES. Shediddrawapensiononaccountoftwochildl'en. F, First Arkansas Mounted Gunners,Sabine Indian war, and was honorably I understand that the gentleman is mistaken. I am very much discharged January Zl. 1837. The service is a matter of record at th.e War mistaken if the report does not state that she drew a pension on ~~;f;!:il~d it has been otherwise officially recogniz~d by the allowance account of two of her children. The Sabine war was conducted by the United States Government, and sol- Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. I am mistaken in that. diers therein ~dered identically the same service as was rendered by the soldiers of the Creek, Seminole, and other Indian wa1·s from 1832 to 1842, but Mr. JONES. I do not think that this is an exceptional case. by an oversight the Sabine warwasnot named in the generalindian warserv­ These gentlemen who :filed the minority reports did not go into the ice pension of July 27, 1892, :md this claimant has therefore no title under details in various cases, but they stated the broad ground that a existing law, but must depend for relief upou a. special act of Congress. Mr. Holman is now about 80 years old and his ideutitv is fully estal>- th of lished under oath by J. Dollarhide a. citizen of Little River County, Ark., widow who voluntarily relinquishes a pension for e purpose s. 1 marrying should not, in their judgment, afterwards come to Con- who SE¥"Ved in the same regiment with him. All the facts are shown in the gress and ask to be pensioned. This fs precisely the same case. ,claim on file at the Pension Bureau. This woman married. She could have had a pension, whether she m'!n~~~ is believed to be meritorious and its passage is respectfully recom- did get one or not, and now that she has remarried the law pro- The bill was laid aside to be reported to the House with the hibits her from getting a pension: The same principle applies to d t' th t 't d this as to all these cases, and that is my only objection to the bill. recommen a 1011 a 1 0 pass. Mr. McNAGNY. Mr. Chairman, this is not a bill that comes :ams·. !IARY BUTTON. within either the terms or the spirit of the minority reports pre- :1\-11'. NEILL (when his name was called). Mr. Chairman~ I call sented from the Committee on Pensions. This is a bill reported up a bill (H. R. 6461) to grant a pension to Mrs. 'Mary Button, of unanimously by the committee, aiid the facts lie in a very narrow Arkansas, widow of Asa Button:, deceased. compass. The first husband of this lady died in the service, at The bill was read, as follows: Nashville, Tenn., in 1864, leaving her with seven minor children, Be it enacted., etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, andheis hereby, four of them of tender years. She was left without means. She authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, at the rate of ~ per · ed th month, the name of Mary Button, widow of .Asa Button, deceased, who served went t o work an d b Y the labor o f h er own h an d s rms ose seven as a private from December 18., 1836, to April 12, 1837, in Capt. M. W. Rein- children and took care of them as a good mother should. Sub- hart's company of Arkansas Volunteers, under General Gaines, in the "Sa­ sequently she remarried, and that second husband died more than bine disturbance." seventeen years ago, leaving her without any means whatever to The report (by Mr. LOUDENSLAGER) was read, as follows: provide for herself or her children. She never had a pension. The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred ·the bill (H. R 6161) The Government ever since 1865 has been relieved from the duty granting a pension to Mrs. Mary Button, have considered the same, and re- h ba rt d h elf spectfully report as follows: 0 f con:trib n ting t 0 h er snpport · Scue 8 suppo e ers · The records of the Second Auditor, United. States Treasury, show tha.t the The case, I repeat, does net come within the terms of the minor- claimant's deceased husband, Asa Button, served in Capt. M. w. Reinhart's ity repOl·ts resulting from the disagre-ement in the Committee on _com~any of Arlmnsas Volunteers in the Sabine Indian disturbances. His Pensions, because this lady has never enjoyed a pension at all. semce covered the period from December 18, 1836, to Aprill2, 1837. A transcript from the records of Independence County, Ark., shows that She is now more than 70 years of age, in feeble health) with- the beneficiary married the soldier June 1, 1837, and the testimony shows - out a dollar's worth ef property, and supported by the charity of that he died in November, 1886, and that she has remained his widow ever her neighbors. I know her very well. She is a woman of most since. llent reputation and character, as good a -=oman as ever lived, The witnesses are C. M. Ball and A. M. Rawlings, aged citizens of Independ- exce ... ence County, Ark. The last-named affiant testifies that he served in the and her pride is naturally hurt by being compelled to go to her .game war with the claimant's husband, and that she is now in destitute cir­ neighbors to solicit aid to procure what she absolutely needs to cumstances. • t d t A 11 · t d t h nld b Your committee have already reported several bills granting pensions to ea an owear. sma pensiOn gran e 0 ernowwo pro - soldierswhorenderedserviceduring the Sabine disturbancesof 1836-37a.nd ably be a charge npon the Government for only a short time. be- to their widows; and it was only through an oversight that that war was not cause she is not enly 70 years old, bat she is in extremely feeble named in the general Indian war act of July ZT, 1892,. as it was the purpose of health. It seems to me that the case is one which appeals strongly that act to include all Indian wars from 1832 to 1842, inclusive, which were conducted under the authority of the United States Government. to the magnanimity of this House, and that it is clearly a case in Un!'ler the circumstances the bill is returned with the. recommendation which relief ought to be granted. that 1t do pass. A MEMBER. Where are her children? Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, I desire to ask the gentleman in Mr. McNAGNY. Four of them are dead and the others are charge of this bill whether the man on account of whose services just as pobr as the mother. They do not come of a family that this pension is now sought ever drew a pension. accumulates property very rapjdly, but I earnestly nrge upon Mr. NEILL. He did not. The soldiers in that war were not you gentlemen of the committee that this is a case which ought pensioned. to receive favorable consideration at your hands. Mr. JONES. Still you ask a pension for his widow. 1\Ir. COOMBS. This lady never did have a pension, then? Mr. NEILL. Yes, sir. He did not come within the purview of Mr. McNAGNY. She never did have a pension. the Indian pension a~t. The Pension Commissioner so held. Mr. JONES. How long after the death of the first husband did Mr. JONES. Neither does his widow; so that it takes a special. she remarry? . act in each case. Mr. McNAGNY. Myrecollectionisthatitwasabouttwoyears.· Mr. NEILL. Yes; that is the reason for this special act. .... Mr. JONES. He died in 1865. • Mr. JONES. Bu{ the man himself did not come to Congress Mr. McNAGNY. He died in 1864, in the line of duty. and ask for a pension. Mr. JONES. The chairman of the committee thougbt that she Mr. NEILL. I knew the old man. Ee died in 1886. married one year after the husband's death. Mr. JONES. t\nd he never asked for a pension? 668 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE.

M1·. NEILL. He never did. He died before the passage of the stand that this case is similar to several which have already re­ dependent pension act of 1890 and the ad of 1~92 pensioning these ceived the favorable action of Congress; and there is no reason, oldiers of the Indian wars. As during his life there was no law so far as I know, why this bill should not be favorably reported giving him a pension, it never occmTed to him to make any such to the House. application. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the amendment re­ Mr. JONES. I should be very glad if the gentleman would ported ,by the committee as stated in the concluding paragraph state what are the circumstances of his widow, and why she now of the report will be agreed to. · ' comes and asks for this pension. There was no objection. Mr. NEIL.L. The soldier mentioned in this bill was known to The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the bill as amended me from the time of my boyhood-for thirty-five years. He died will be laid aside to be reported favorably to the House. in 1886, as the report states. His widow is about 74 years old and There wa~ no objection. is absolutely dependent upon her neighbors for support. She JA.COB ECKERT. lives within 8 miles of my home. This old man enlisted at a time ::M:r. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I call up for present con­ when his country needed his services-away back in the thirties­ sideration the bill (H. R. 6244) to remove the charge of desertion in 1836, I believe. He enlisted from the county in which he died­ from the military record of Jacob Eckert. my home county-Independence. These are 1;he circumstances. The bill was read, as foll.ows: I do not know that I can add anything to the statement. Within Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of War be, and is hereby, authorized my knowledge this House at the last session passed a bill to pen­ and directed to cause the records of the War Department to be so amended sion the widow of a soldier who served during the same disturb­ as to remove the charge of desertion from the service record of Jacob Eckert, of New Philadelphia., Ohio, late a private in Company B, Fifty-first Ohio Vol­ ance. unteer Infantry, and to-rfnant an honorable discharge to saia Jiacob Eckert Mr. COOMBS. Such a bill was passed to-night-called up by tpe gentleman from ..Arkansas [Mr. McRAE]. ~~~~~:::e1~~~f0}~~rvi~~d States Army as of date when said company Mr. NEILL. I have stated the facts. This old lady is abso­ The report (by Mr. PENDLETON of West Virginia) was read, as lutely dependent upon her neighbors for her support. She ls 74 follows: years of age, and unable to earn her own living. The Committ~e on Military Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the bill will be laid aside 62«) to remove the charge of desertion against Jacob Eckert, having con­ sidered the same, report as follows: to be reported favorably to the House. The record in this case shows that Eckert was enrolled as a private in There was no objection. Company B, Fifty-first Ohio Volunteer In.fii.ntry, on September 9, 1861. to serve three years, and was mustered into service September 17,1861. About BRIDGET DEVINE. September I, 1864:, and within a. few days of the expiration of his term of Mr. PAGE (when his name was called). I call up the bill (H. R. service, he was charged with desertion; he voluntarily returned to the com­ pany, and in 1865 was dishonorably discharged from the service. 1229) granting a pension to Bridget Devine. A petition was subsequently signed by twenty-one of his comrades, who de­ The bill was read, as follows: clared that they remembered the time and circumstances under which Eckert Be it enacted. etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, wasabsentfromthecompanyandhisreturnandsubsequentcourt-ma.rtial,and authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions were satisfied from their own knowledge of the facts that Eckert did not de­ and limitations of the act of June 27,1890, the name of Bridget Devme, widow sert from the command, but only lost the comJ)!tny and returned thereto as of 'William P. Devine, late of Company B, Third Rhode Island Volunteer soon as he could do so. But the Secretary of War held there was no relief under the then existing law. Cavalry. Milton A. Romig testifi.es that at the battle of Jonesboro, about August 30, The report (by Mr. McETTRICK) was read, as follows: 186!, at night., while passing through a swamp, he became separated from his The Committee on Invalid Pensions have considered the bill (H. R. 1229) to regiment, ana being hurt, was sent to the hospital at Atlanta. About Sep­ pension Bridget Devine, and submit the following_report: tember 201 1864, he learned of charges against him and voluntarily returned The petitioner is believed to be the widow of William P. Devine, who served to the regunent and then learned that the same charges of desertion were ~Company B, Third Rhode Island Cavalry, from,August 24:,1863, to Novem­ pendins- against himself, Eckert, and one John Goodman, as having deserted ber 29,1865, having previously served in Company li', Eleventh Rhode Island the regunent on said night. Himself, Eckert, and Goodman remained with Infp.ntry, from September 8, 1862, to March 18, 1863.._ and was honorably dis­ the regiment doing duty until January 5, 1865, when they were court-mar­ charged from both. She married the soldier. April 'I, 18«. He is believed to tialed. After trial they did duty and were exposed in battle, and the arrest have died about 1879. He has never applied for pension. The petitioner ap­ 'and trial were after their terms of enlistment had expired. Affiant says plied and her claim was investigated by special examiners of the Bureau, Eckert had no intention of deserting. who developed nothing to indicate that he is living, but who, on the contrary, Bernhart Zinn, William Dieser, George Bechold, Ezra W. Neff, David Whit­ all expressed the opinion that he is in fact dead. mire, Jesse T. Beechler, and George Dunn all testify that they were com­ It is shown that he left his home near Providence, R. I., about 1875 and was rades of Eckert and members of his company; he '\'{as a good soldier. At the never seen there ~ain. The very last trace that can be secured of him is a battle of Jonesboro, on August 21, 186!, Eckert became separated from his letter written by him to his daughter Teresa, from Staffordville, Conn.,July regiment, as did others of his company, and that Eckert voluntarily returned 20, 1879, which was very affections~ in tone. Her letter to him, dated August in two days. Other members of said compan¥ thus separated at Said time 15, 1879, and addressed as he directed, was returned to her from the Dead­ did not get back for several days; they are satiSfied Eckert had no intention Letter Office, and she has never heard of him since, exce~t that one James T. todesert. At said battle of. Jonesboro theenemywascharged through woods Costello says he saw him last in South Boston in July, 1819. He was a painter and marsh, in the dark, and thereby the members of the regiment became by trade. It appears that he was dissipated and often went away from home. greatly separated and disorganized, and trouble was axperienced in getting In view of his unexplained-absence of fifteen years the conclusion seems ob­ together again. , vious that he is in fact dead. The widow has not married again nor sought Affiant testifies that he served with said Fifty-first Ohio Volunteer In­ a divorce, and your committee therefore recommend that the bill do pass fantry in every engagement; .that he, Goodman, and Romig became sepa- - after bein~ amended by adding at the close of the bill the words "Provided, rated from their company; that he made diligent effort to return as soon as That pellSlon under this act shall cease in case it be shown that the soldier is possible, and did voluntarily return; that he was put under arrest by order alive." · of Second Lieut. George W. Wood, then in command; -that at the time he understood little of the English language, he having recently immigrated Mr. JONES. I hope the gentleman from Rhode Island [Mr. from Germany; that after his arrest he took ,part in the battle of Franklin PA.GE] will make some statement in regard to the circumstances the same as other members of his company. In view of the evidence your committee are of opinion that Eckert became of this applicant. separated from his company in the night season:with others; that he vol· Mr. PAGE. The report in this case shows the circumstances untarily returned thereto; that he had no intention to desert therefrom, and perhaps more clearly than I could explain them. I know this old we recommend that the bill do pass. lady. She is a resident of Providence, R. I. She has been a hard­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on laymg the bill aside. working woman. She is now poor. She has no property, and no· Mr. JONES. Mr.' Chairinan·, I do not understand -that this bill means of support except that little which she can earn by such is in order at this time. I could not make the point of order while work as she is able to do. the bill was being read, but the report shows that the charge of There being no absolute proof of the death of her husband, the desertion was resting against'this man an'd that sometime after- . bill is so guarded that if it should atanytimeappear that he is alive wards he was dismissed from the service. If so, it seems . to me this pension shall cease. It is evident from the testimony that he it would not be a bill that this committee could take jurisdiction of. was a man who, if living, would have applied for a pension. No I merely submit the question·to the Chair as to whether it is in application has ever been made by him, and the presumption is­ order under the rule to-night. I gathered from the reading qf the a very strong presumption after his absence of fifteen years with-: report that the charge of desertion was made against him and out his friends or relatives having heard anything of him-that he some two years afterwards he was dismissed from the service. is dead. The evidence before the committee pointed very strongly, The CHAIRMAN. According to the ruling of the Chair in a I believe, in the direction of his death. It tended to justify the former case of a similar charaeter) the Chair will be compelled to belief that he died in South Boston. Under the common law, if hold, on the point raised by the gentleman from Virginia, that he had been absent and not heard from for seven years, the pre­ the committee has no jurisdiction to consider the bill to-night; sumption would be in favor of his death, and under the law of and the Clerk will resume the call of' the roll. Rhode Island the presumption for all legal purposeS is that a man Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I was not present when the is dead after he has been absent and unheard of for five years. Chair made the former ruling. Will the Chair please inform me As this man has been absent now fifteen years, with no apparent on what ground this bill is not in order to-night? reason why, if living, he should not make himself known to his The CHAIRMAN. The special order under which the House friends, the presumption of his death is very strong; and I submit .meets, if the gentleman from Ohio will notice as the Clerk reads that his widow is entitled to this relief. the order, will make it very clear. The Chair will direct the Mr. JONES. Has she any children who could support her? Clerk to read the special order, and will state that this committee Mr. PAGE. She has no children, and she has no property. has no jurisdiction to consider anything except bills granting pen­ Her husband, when he disappeared, left her nothing. I under- sions and bills for the removal of charges of desertion. Thilil .

. . 1895. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE.# 669

claim, as the Chair understands, although the Chair has not ex- that even after the expirati9n of that three years, and after that amined it, is a bill for the removal of a dishonorable discharge. unfortunate separation for two days, this man continued with Mr. RICHARDS. If the Chair pleases, that is a mistake. This his company and continued in battle, and served for quite anum­ is simply a bill to remove the charge of desertion against this man ber of months after his term of enlistment had expired. Eckert. That is all this bill seeks to do. It seems to me that the Mr. JONES. Mr. Chairman, this report,..shows that while this bill is in order under the rule, for that is all it asks. charge of desertion was made in August, 1864, this man, with ·

The CHAIRMAN. In that event of course the bill would be in 1 others, was court-martialed in January, 1865, and dishonorably order. The Chair will examine it. • . discharged from the service. The records of the War Department Mr. JONES. The title of the bill is to remove the charge of de- show that and the report of the committee shows that. The rec­ sertion, but it seems, as I gather from the report, that it is to re- ords also show that the Secretary of War was appealed to and move a dishonorable discharge. refused to interfere. Now, I take it that the officers of this man's The CHAIRMAN. The Chair desires to set itself right• . The regiment, the comrades who served with him and who gave testi­ Chair was mistaken as to the nature of the bill. The Chair finds mony before the Committee on Military Affairs or whose affidavits on examination that it is for the purpose of removing a charge of were taken, were probably not cross-examined at all, and I take desertion. it that the testimony of these comrades ought not to be taken at Mr. RICHARDS. That is all the bill seeks to do. this late day, they being permitted to testify before that court- / The CHAIRMAN. The bill is in order, the Chair will hold, martial in favor c4their comrade in 1865. unde1: the rule. I have no doubt mthe world that this man bears himself prop- Mr. JONES. I stated, if the Chair will permit me, that the bill erly now and enjoys a good reputation, and after the lapse of a purported to be for that purpose; but I gathered-and could not quarter of a century it is easy enough for men to say that after make the point when the bill was ;,ead-but I gathered from the all these long years they will let bygones be bygones and try to report accompanying the bill that the charge of desertion was straighten up this man's reputation fur him. I take it that this made; and the report stated that the deserter returned to his com- man, having had a fair and impartial trial by officers designated mand, but that months and months subsequently, for some cause to conduct this court-martial, and those findings having been or other, which the report does not disclose, he was dismissed reviewel by the Secretary of War, and he having refused to inter­ from the service. Now, no matter what the title of the bill might fere wj.th those findings in 1865, that now, almost thirty years to be, if the facts were different, that would not give the committee a day afterwards, we ought not to undertake, upon this testimony, jurisdiction. That is the point I sought to make. after the lapse of all these years, to reverse the solemn finding of The CHAIRMAN. The body of the bill clea.rly shows that it a court-martial which was indorsed by the Secretary of War. is a bill to remove a charge of desertion, and if passed that would It seems to me that if we do that, if we allow these ~davits be the effect of the bill. It is true the report ,. states other facts, and that sort of testimony to remove these charges of desertion, but the Chair must be guided, in d!!termining the question, by we shall be going too far. I take it for granted that the trials the bill itself and not by what the report sets forth. were fair and impartial, because nothing was said in the commit- Mr. JONES. I understand that the Committee on Invalid Pen- tee's report to the contrary. There is not one word of refl~tion sions and the gentleman from Massachusetts reiterated the state- cast upon the court that tried these parties and made this finding. ment to-night, carefully examine-the .cases submitted to them, and Therefore, unless something ,can be shown to prove that this man that their reports were to be taken instead of the bills. was not treated properly, that he did not have his witnesses, or ').'he CHAIRMAN. But this comes from the Committee on could not get them, or did not have a fair showing-before that Military Affairs and not from the Committee on Invalid Pensions. court-martial, I think that after the lapse of thirty years we Mr. JONES. I understand that. ought not to undertake, upon these ex parte affidavits, to remove The CHAIRMAN. The Chair holds that•the bill is before the this charge, simply because the man since that time has lived such House for consideration; and the question is on laying it aside a life as to earn the good opinion of his neighbors, and especially with a favorable recommendation. If there be no objection-- of his honored Representative. Mr. JONES. I object. Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, now, I have obse:?ved the at­ The CHAIRMAN. Then the question is on laying the bill titude of the gentleman from Virginia upon these cases, and have aside. , list.ened carefully to what he has said, and believing that his de- Mr. RICHARDS. Before that, Mr. Chairman, I would like to sire is to be fair-minded and to do no injustice to anyone here, I at be heard for a moment. Itdoes seem to me, if relief is to be ex- the same time desire to call attention toafewreasonshehasgiven, tended in any cases of this character, that this bill is one which because I think he has fallen into an error or two. In the first certainly deserves favorable action. place, he speaks of the fact that the Secretary of War refused to The report of this committee shows that some thirty comrades straighten up the record of this man. But, Mr. Chairman, thisre­ of this soldier have givenevidence concerning this matter. Some port snows thattheSecretary of War did not do it becausehesaid thirtYj comrades of this soldier testify that at the battle of Jones- he could not. This report says that the Secretary of' War said boro the enemy were charged through a swamp, and th;:tt some of that he did not have authority to do it. Now, there is a great deal the men became separated from their company, among them this of difference between the Secretary of War declining to do a thing man Eckert. Milton Romig and John Goodman, as this report when he might do it, and rendering an adverse opinion because he shows, testify that they were with Eckert at the time that he be- finds he has not authority to do it. . . came separated from his company. They testify that the enemy I think that disposes of that matter. Now another matter. werecharged through a swamp, and that they, withEckert, became The gentleman from Virginia says that this man doubtless had a \ ~. separated from their company. Romig testifies that on account fair hearing; he had an opportunity to get his witnesses, and if of injuries which he received he was afj;erwards sent to a hospital, these gentlemen who give testimony now could have a-cquitted and that he was surprised to learn that charges of desertion had him away back in the years gone by they did not come to the been placed against him and Eckert and Goodman. Now, these front; yet this report carries upon its face a conclusive answer to · , comrades all testify further that within two days Eckert volun- that. Now, I take it for granted that the gentleman from Vir­ tarily returned to his company, anq. not only that, but that he took · ginia is a lawyer, and a good one, and a lawyer probably of a partin subsequent battles. good many years' experience. I do not know whether he has Now, Mr. Chairman, I have attended these meetings night after many German people down in his section of the country, but I night, and it seems to me-of course I may be a little prejudiced H:now that I have up in mine; and I know that wherever a client in favor of this man Eckert, because I have kriown him for about is ignorant of the English language if ever his counselor is dili­ twenty years, and know him to be perfectly honest and straightfor- gent in a case he should be then. ward, with only one fault, \f it is to be considered a fault in the eyes This report says that this man was a German; that he had lately of this committee, namely, that he is old and very poor-I say it &migrat-ed to this co-qptry, and at the time of this misfortune he seems to me that during the nights we have been present here in was ignorant of theE'hglishlanguage. Thereisanotherfactabout these meetings, I have heard of no report in a case to remove a it. I believe, too, there was a general order on this subject that charge of desertion where the evidence was more strongly in favor had a good deal to do with those cases. I believe, if I am not mis­ of the claimant than it is on behalf of this man Eckert. Here are taken, that there was an order that provided that when a man comrades who were with him~ who testify as to the circumstances was absent from his company perhaps two or three days that he under which he became separated from his company, and they should be marked as a deserter. But be that as it may. Thisre­ also testify to his voluntary return to the company within tyro port says that this man before he had gone into the Union Army days after that separation. had but recently come over from Germany; that he was ignorant One other thing I desire to call to the attention of the committee, of the English language; and I can readily see how a man ignorant and that is this: This man had enlisted for three years, and this of the language of the country, as this man was, and in fact un­ report shows that at th~ time the separation took place his three acquainted with our customs, might have been utterly unable to years would have expired within a very few days. He had served have his case properly put before the court-martial. all that time, in battle after battle, with one of the most noted Mr. JONES. I ask the gen,tleman if this man had not enlisted of the Ohio regiments; and that was not all. The record shows in 1861, and that for three years he served in the army. - I .. 670' .CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 4,

Mr. RICHARDS. Yes, air. Mr. LANE. But that is not what the biD _applies to, and in my Mr. JONES. He probably could h!ve learned something of the judgment this -bill, if passed, would be a nullity. He would get langu&ooe in that time. no -relief under this bill. It is not wbat be wants. Mr. RICHARDS. Yes, he probably could; but he enlisted with Mr. JONES. The committee would stultify itself by passing a number af German neighb.oo:s; and I have seen companies in such a bill. which neaTly all spoke the German language continually. Mr. LANE. Certainly. -- Mr. LANE. And fighting for the American 1lag. The question baing taken on 1aying the bill aside to be reported 1\fr. RICHARDS. And fighting, as the,gentleman .has said, for to the House with the recommendation that it do pass, the Chair­ the American 'flag. n;tan declared that the a.yes seemed to have it. Mr. HUDSON. I would like to ask my-friend .from Virginia Ml:. JO:N"-ES. I ask for .a illvision. (Mr. J Ol\"ES] if he .has any personalfeeling concm"lling this matter. The committee divided; and there were-ayes 18, noes 2. 1 trust that he has not. So the bill was laid aside to be reported favoraoly to the lloll.88. Mr. JONES. I donotunderstand th.e.gentleman's question. I 'Mr . .MARTIN of Jndiana. Mr. Chairman, I move that-the com- would like him to tell me why he supposes I should have any per­ mittee do now Tise. - sonal feeling in the matter. The motion was agreed to. Mr. HUDSON. TM report shows that this man participated in The Committee accordingly rose; and, the Speaker pro tempore the captm·e of J o?esboro [la"?gh~er 1,_and I tho"}J.ght .that that ~os­ rMr. McRAE] having resumed the chair, :Mr. BRETZ, from the sib1y had somethmg to do With it; but I trust that it has nothmg Committee of the Whole on the Private Calendar, reported that to do with his opJ>osi.tion to the bill. - they had had under consideration several bills on that Calendar, Mr. LANE . .Mr. Chairman, by the practice of this House fo1· and haa direded him to report the same to the Rouse with va1·ious many years this claim can not oe acted upon by this committee, recommendations. whatever the bill is. The bill may be to remove the charge of Mr. MARTIN of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con­ desertion; but the testimony does not fit the bill. 1f the Chair­ sent tha-t the previous question be considered as ordered on each man does .not !l'ule it out, then the committee ougnt to rn1e it out. one of these bills, with the ·right o:f .fifteen minutes' debate on each This man was tried by a -court-martial, and this bill ca .not set side; but with ihe understanding that they are at an iimes to give aside the findings of the court-martia1. Ee still stands on the way to appropriation bills and to the currency bill now under con­ record as .having been tried by a ,court-martial and convicted; and sideration in the HollSe. if he wants hi!:necora corrected he must have the sentence of the There was no objection, and it was so ordered. court-martial revoked. Ee was tried and by the sentence of a TM hour of 10.30 p. m. having arrived, the House adjourned. ecrn.rt-martial dismissed from the Army. lie had his trial in the Army. Now:thepurpose ·of this rule is that the record maY: be CHANGE OF REFERENCE. Cleared when the r-ecord a:ppears to oe a mere matter of desertion, Under clause 2 of Rnle XXII, committees 'were discharged from and not of trial b~ court-martial. the consideration of the following bills; which were referred as iir.. JONES. The rule says desertions only.· follows: ~Ir . LANE. That is what it means. We have had this ques­ .A bill (H. R. 82W) granting .a '}>ension to Edward McGivney­ tion up before-the Honse time and time again . .If the billistore­ the Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to move the charge of desertion the testimony does not fit the bill, the Committee on Pensions. and I insist that Telief can not be granted. The "bill should have A bill (S. R.1816) gxanting an increase of J>ension to Jobn B, stated correctly wlla.t the party desired to be done. What he Meigs-the Committee on InvraJid Pensions discha;rged, and re­ wants is to have his record cleared up. Now, to remove the charge ferred to the Committee on Pensions. of desm·tion does not remove the record of the .fact that he was A joint resolution (S.. R . .112) authorizing "Rear-Admiral S. B. tried and convicted by a. court-martial. That can not be done in L-uce, UnitedStatesNavy, toaccepta decoration-from the King of this House. "1 submit that it will be _a, great injustice to allow this Spain-the Committee on Naval Affairs discharged,.and~·eferred kind of ca&e to go through at this evening session when we have to the Comm~ee on Foreign Affairs. .. time and time again .refused to consider this class of cases. Of course I see how the Chair was led into the decision by examin­ PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. ing the bill. The oill says that the purpose is to remove the charge of desertion, but the record shows that he was tried by a court­ Undm· clause 3 of Rule XXIT, bills and a resolution of the fol­ martial, and the pm-pose is to clear up that record. lowing titles were introduced, and Beverally referred as follows: Mr. RICHARDS. Will the gentleman allow Ule to ask him a By Mr. MONEY: .A bill (H. R. 8359) to relievethe Treasury by question? a quicker collection of the public ~'8Venue-to the Committee on ­ Mr. LANE. Certamly. Ways and Means. Mr. RICHARDS. Does the gentleman claim the pm-pose of the· By Mr. CULBERSON (by:request): A bill (H.R. 8360) giving "bill is to be defeated because extraneous matters may enter into power to impose oaths and punish contempts and resistance to the report? United States officers-to-the Committee on the Judiciary. By ~Ir. GROW: A bill (H.R.S361) to amend thenational bank ~Ir. LANE. My contention is that the rule under which this committee is acting says that lt Shall have jurisdiction of cases act-to the Committee on Banking and Cm·renoy. only in which the .charge of desertion is made. Now, this case is By :Mr. SPERRY: .A Dill (H. ::a. 8362) to provide for an issue of more than that. This is not simply a case of desertion, but it is bonds to fund United States notes, and foT other purposes-to the a case of overruling a trial, conviction, and dismissal by com·t­ Committee on Ways and Means. ::martial. By Mr. HERMANN: A bill (H. R. 8363) for the construction will of a, steam light-ship -wit:q. fog signal-to the Committee on Inter­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair is ready to. rule. The Chair sta:te and Fm·eign Commerce. .suggest to the gentleman from Tilinois that if th~e is no charge of desertion to remove the passage of this bill will not grant the .By Mr. RIG~SON of 'Tennessee: A concurrent resolution 11oppJicant any relief. ' pro\Tiding for the printing of 10,000 copies of the statistical abstract Mr. LANE. But there is a desertion, and for that desertion he of foreign countries for the -yea:r 1894-to the Committee on ·w·as tried. Printing. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair understands the gentleman's contention to be that this bill will not grant the full relief desired, PRIVATE BILLS, ETC. but this committee and the Chair can only act upon what is before Under clause 1 of Rule XXIT, private bills of the foTiowing them. The bill before the committee is for the removal of the titles were presented and referred as follows: charge of desertion, and the Chair has heretofore ruled that the By Mr. ALDERSON: A bill (H.R.8364) for the relief of Wil­ bill was properly before the committee. liam 1\f. Coffman, administratoT of Samuel Coffman, deceased, of Mr. LANE. The point I make is more a point for the commit­ Greenorier County, State of West Virginia, for stores and £UJ>­ tee than for the Chair. pli~s , as found by the Court of Claims under the Bowman Act­ Mr. JONES. Is there-any charge of aesertion in the War De­ to the Committee on War Olaims. partmentraisedagainstthisman? Certainlynot. The only thi'ng By Mr. DRAPER: A trill (H. R. 8365) for the relief of William there is a Tecord of '' dishonorably

' ...

1895 . OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOU.SE. 671

.By Mr. MoD,EARMON.: A bill (H. R. 8368) for the r~~ of DAMAGES FROM EXPLOSION IN CIDCAGO. Joseph N. Lannon, of Gibson County, Tenn.-to the Com.m1.ttee The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the on Wzr Claims. Secretary of War, -transmitting tbe report of the board of officers .Also, a bill (H. R. 8369) for the reli-ef of estate of Will.iam G. convened to examine the damage done to the properly of citizens Harwood, late -of Gibson County, Tenn.-to the Committee on of Chicago, m~, by the explosiOil·oi the ammunition chest of Bat­ War Claims. • tery F, Second United States Artillery, on July 16, 1894; whic:b. Also, a bill (H. R. 8370) fur the relief of W. H. Fl~t-cher., of Gib­ was referred to the Co:mnrittee on Claims, and order-ed tobe Printed. son County, Tenn.-to the Committee on War Claims. BURGLARY .AT "PERTH .AMBOY POST-OFFICE . .By ~r. RICHARDSON of Michigan; A ibill (H. R. 8371) -to grant a pension to Charles E. Lewis, .a..dependent father-to the The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from the Committee on Invalid Pensions. , · Postmaster-.Gene1-al, transmitting -the papers in -the claim :.of th-e By Mr. TAYLOR of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 8372) to increase postmaster at Perth .Amboy, N. J., for credit on account .of losses the :pension -of Adam Schultb.eis-to the ·Committee on Invalid sustained by bmg1ary; which was -:referred to the ·Cdmnnttee on Pensions. Claims, and ordered :t-o he printed~ Also, a bill -(H. R. 8373) to pension HenryS. Foster-to the Com­ SURVEY OF ALLOUEZ BAY, WISCONSIN. mittee on Invalid Pe:nsions. The SPEAKER also laid before the House a letter from. -the By Ml·. WHEELER rof Alabama: A bill (H. R. 8374) for th~ Secretary of War, -transmitting, with• letter ofiihe Chief uf Engi· relief of John.H. Betts-to the Committee on .Military Affairs. neers, report of a preliminary examinmion of .Allouez Bay., Wis­ consin; which was referred "to the Committee on Rivers ana Har· . PETITIONS, ETC. bors, and oTdered to be printed. Under c1ause 1 of Rule x.xn, the following-petitions and paper-s ZIM1U ELLIOTT. were laid on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows: The SPEAKER also laid before the HoUBe a bill (H. R. 5859) :By Mr. ADAMS of Kentucky: Petition of citizens of Pulaski for the relief of Zi.mri Elliott, of W ilse..y, Kans., with am.~ndm-ents County, Ky., relative to the necessity of constructing a roadway of the Senate thereto. J - from Somerset, Ky. ., "t.o::MillSpringsNationalCemetery, toaccom­ The-amendments were read, as follows: pany House bill -6173, introduc-ed by hl..m-to th-e Committee on .Page 1., lines 6 and 7, strike out "Zim:ri Elliott, ot Wilsey, Kans., for talring Military Affairs. care of the late " and insert "the iluly authorized aili:n:inistrator of." Page1.., line 7, after·" Jacob-Grosc1ose "insert ":deceased."' ' By 1.\fl: • .ALDRICH: Petitions of th.e Board of Trade of Chieago, Page 1, lines 12, 13, and 14, strike out "to be in full payment to the said "Zimri of the Shipm.asters' Association of th~ Great Lakes. and of the Elliott for .his ta."k:iD.g·eare of .and su:pporting fhe said .J.a.co.b Grose1ose .during American Association of Masters and Pilots of Steam Vessels, ask­ the 1ast four years of ..his life" and insert "being the amount of pension , ing for the establisbment of branch hydrographic offices at the money due the said.Jacob Grosclose at the time of his death." Great Lake pO'l'ts-to the ·Committee on Naval Affairs. .Mr. CURTIS of .KansaB. Jsfr. Speaker, I -move ihat -the 'Ho11Se By Mr . .BRODERICK: Petition of 2,000 citizens of Kamas, in concur in the ·senate arilenaments. The IDotion was agreed to. favor of the peners to acconq>any the claim of "]}.!alinda M.r. SAYERS. _Mr.Speaker., 1 ask, -<>n behalf of the .gentl~man L. 1\[addo:x, of Butts County, Ga.-to the committee on War from· Missomi, "Mr. DOCKERY, that he be excused fm· this day, on Claims. account of sickness. By Mr. KRffiBS: Papers to be filed -with the Committee on In­ The SPEAKER. If there be no objection, that order will be v~lid Pensions relating to Honse "bill No. 481~to the ·Committee made. on Invalid Pensions. · Mr. SMITH-<>:llliinois, by unanimous consen~ obtainedle&ve of Also, papers to accompany H. R. 481~to the Committee on In­ absence until next "Tuesday, on aroount of sickness in his family. valid Pensions. Mr. .liE.INER of Pennsylvania, by unanimous consent, obtained .Also, _pa_pers to accomp~y H. R. 4813-to 'the ·Committee on In· leave of absence fur three days, on account of sickiless in his v.alid Pensions. family. By Mr. IKIRT: Resolution from Ohio Cha-pter Alnerican Insti­ ..A'MERIOAN .REGISTER FOR BOHOONER EMPRESS. tute of Architects, of Akron, Ohio, asking fm· the passage of -the lr!r. .BINGHAM.. "I ask 1man:imous eo.n:sent for the -present cun­ McKaig bill-to the Committee on Public Bm1dings and Grounds. tri.deration of the bill (S. 2337) to Jll"ovidf) an ...A:merican -r~gister fm· By Mr. McDEARMON: Petition of Toney N.esbitt, of Milan, thesdhooner~pr~. Gibson County, Tenn., asking pay forwoTk done for the-United The bill was -read. States Government from June"l, 1862, to Decem.bm· 2Q, 1862, mtb. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the presentconsidm:ation affidavits attached-to the Committee on War Claims. of this bill? By Mr. SPRINGER~ Memorial of theDerrver Chamber of Com­ Mr. HEPBURN. I -should like -to .hear t:lre J.'epor.t :read. merce and Board of Trade, protesting against the reorgani.ZRtion J\Ir. .BINGHAM. It is -very brief. of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railw~ys, and for the The SPEAKER. The :report will be 'read, the Tight to objeut extension of the:IT securities-to the Committee -on Pacific Rail­ being .I:es€1-ved.. roads. Th~ :report was Yead. • Also, resolutionff of the Board of Trade of Chicago, asking for The .SPEAKER. Is there objection to theiJresent cunsiderati.on the .establishment of branch hyfuoograpb.ic offices at the Great of the bill? Lake ports-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Mr. ENGLISH of New Jersey. I object. .Mr. BINGHAM. A bill of the same character, offered by a gentleman on the other side, was considered yesterday. HOUSE OF BEPEESENT.A.TIVES. FUNERAL EXPENSES, ETC.,. OF A HOUSE EMPLOYEE. SATURDAY, J an,uary 5, 1895. Mr. NORTHWAY. I ask unanimous consent for the present consideration of the resolution which 1 send to the desk. / The House ntet at 12 o'cloekrn. Prayer bytheChaplain., Rev. The Clerk read .a:s follows: E. B: BAGBY. Resolved, That the Clerk of the Horu;e of Representatives be dil·ected to The .Jom:nal of the p.rooeedings of yesterday was read and ap­ pay, out of "the contingent fund of the House, to the wife of Col. William T. proved. . Fitch, deceased, late one of the employees of this House, a sum equa.l to his salary for six months; and that the Clerk be directed to pay out of the con­ REVOLUTIONARY A"R.CHIVES. tingent fund of the House the expenses of the late illness and funeral of the The SPE.... o\KER laid before th.e Honse a lette1· from tb~ Secre­ -said .COL Willia.m T. Fitch, said expenses not to exceed $250. tary of State transmitting, by direction of the President, pn.rsuant ·Mr. SPRINGER. 1 believe this resolution follows the usual to the sunflry civil act approved August·18, 1894, a list of Revolu­ form in these cases. tionary archives, except military xecurds, now -in the State De­ Mr. NOR'l'HWAY. It is copied from the usual form. Colonel partment of sufficient ~portance to be published, the number of Fitch, who has been connooted with the House for -twenty-one boo"kstheywouldmake, and the probable cost ofthe s~e; which years, having been one of our doorkeepers, died on Ohristmas wa.s referred to the Committee on Printing, and ordered to be InQrning. . printed.- Th~re bemg no robjection, the House proceeded to the considera- POST HOSPITAL, FOR'r SNELLING. tion of the resolution; which was adopted. The SPE.A:KER also laid before the .House a letter frOm the On motion of Mr. NORTHWAY, a motion to reconsider the Assistant Secretary of War, transmitting plans .and estimates of vote by which the resolution was adopted was laid on·the table. cost for the erection of a new post hospita1_at Fort Snelling, Minn.; ORDER OF BUSINESS. als? report of officers convened t? se1ect a ~i.te therefo:r, etc.; .Mr. SPRllfGER. I demand the regular order. . w..hich was refe!l"ed to the Conmuttee on ..Military Affarrs, and The comnuttees were called f{)r reports, no reports bemg Jlr&o D~ered to be prmted. . sentea. - . .