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Open/Download ISSN 2056-6492 MAUSOLUSMAUSOLUS THETHE JOURNALJOURNAL OFOF THETHE MAUSOLEAMAUSOLEA && MONUMENTSMONUMENTS TRUSTTRUST THETHE SUMMERSUMMER BULLETINBULLETIN 20172017 The Mausolea & Monuments Trust 70 Cowcross Street London EC1M 6EJ 07856 985974 www.mmtrust.org.uk Mausolus - Summer 2017 Contents Editorial Page 3 News Page 4 Classical Rotundas, Gothic Towers, and Page 6 Memorialising a Modern Mythology for Yale Stephen Gage REVIEWS Page 14 Robert Adam’s London Professor James Stevens Curl REVIEWS Page 17 Revisiting The Monument: Fifty Years since Panofsky’s Tomb Sculpture Robert Hawkins Ambrose Bierce and the Exile of the Dead from San Page 20 Francisco Elizabeth Blood Mausolus Essay Price Page 24 Theatre of Empire: Topography, Ritual and Architecture Forzia Parveen Architecture, Death and Nationhood Page 32 Hannah Malone Events Page 35 2 Mausolus - Summer 2017 Patrons Editorial Professor James Stevens Curl Tim Knox The breadth of the study of monuments and mausolea is, Honorary Secretary I believe, amply expressed John St. Brioc Hooper by the articles in this summer issue of Mausolus. Where Chairman else would you fi nd focussed Ian Johnson studies of architectural history concerning Italy, Turkey and the Trustees States abutting chilling tales Alexander Bagnall of lead-guzzling squirrels? Roger Bowdler The forthcoming pages Gabriel Byng also refl ect, in reviews and Tom Drysdale introductions, the wealth of Amy Jeffs newly published literature Carolyn Leigh (Membership Secretary) of interest to MMT members, Tim Ellis covering such broad-ranging Robert Heathcote (Treasurer) subjects as Enlightenment Ian Johnson architects and medieval tomb Frances Sands sculpture. Gavin Stamp In all this, of course, the MMT Charles Wagner would be nothing without its ineffable sense of humour, so Mausolus is published twice look out for the wry citations a year by the Mausolea & from Bierce’s Devil’s Dictionary. Monuments Trust. All contents Readers are invited to © MMT 2015 except where submit letters responding to otherwise indicated. the content via the editor’s email address given on the left. Members and others are warmly I look forward to publishing encouraged to contribute photos, your comments and ideas in news and features to: the Winter Issue. Amy Jeffs Corpus Christi College Amy Jeffs Cambridge CB2 1RH [email protected] 3 Mausolus - Summer 2017 Huth Mausoleum’s bricked-up entrance was temporarily opened for a 2016 interment News Ian Johnson with updates on events and projects There are now two events on mausolea. Work is due to begin discussion with owners of the the near horizon for the MMT: soon to repair the damage Huth mausoleum (see photo) the visit to Great Witley in to the roof of the Heathcote in Kensal Green Cemetery Worcestershire on 12th August mausoleum at Hursley caused and the Friends of Kensal and the lecture on Mestrovic or by squirrels gnawing the lead Green Cemetery with a view later in November. This is not fl ashing, yet to be agreed to restoring, at least in some to ignore of course the AGM with the church authorities, measure, this mausoleum, the at West Norwood Cemetery. to reduce future damage by largest one in the cemetery. It This year we are the guests of cutting back overhanging trees. suff ered damage by vandals the Friends of West Norwood Some further restoration work from the 1960s but is of Cemetery and a we shall be is under consideration too. architectural and historical given a tour after the normal The mausoleum will be open merit, as is all the more clear administrative AGM formalities. to visitors as part of the Open since the recent publication of You will have already received House weekend on Sunday a biography of Frederick Huth fl yers/forms for all of these 10th September, as indeed will (who founded the banking events. Do please try to come other MMT mausolea -Boileau dynasty). In 2016 there was along to one, or indeed all, of and Sacheverell-Bateman. one further interment into the them as not only are the events Preparatory work continues mausoleum but it required themselves fascinating but they on the project to rebuild builders to knock down the also aff ord an opportunity to the Guise mausoleum in bricked-up doorway. It is hope meet and mingle with other Gloucestershire. Headed by that it may be possible to restore members and trustees. two trustees Charles Wagner the doorway and undertake The MMT has a number of and Tom Drysdale the aim is to other basic maintenance to longer term projects under rebuild the mausoleum which prevent further deterioration. way as well as the normal collapsed in 1917. The Scarisbrick mausoleum care and maintenance of its The Trust is holding in Crossens (near Formby in 4 Mausolus - Summer 2017 Lancashire ) has now been sculptors of the 20th century. has joined us and taken charge restored with the help of the He died in 1962 but amongst of Mausolus, having published MMT and we are helping plan his works are war memorials one edition already. Cliff ord for its future. A meeting with the and memorials at many burial Hodgetts who provided us with monument’s guardian is due to sites. It is to be held at the excellent advice has decided to take place in June. Gallery in Cowcross Street. step down but kindly off ered to In November two trustees, Finally I have to let you continue to help us where he Gavin Stamp and Roger know that the trust has gained can. Welcome to Amy and my Bowdler, will be giving a one new trustee and another sincere thanks to Cliff ord for his lecture on the Croat artist Ivan has resigned. Amy Jeff s a help over quite a time. Mestrovic. Mestrovic is widely doctoral student at Corpus regarded as one of the great Christi College, Cambridge, Squirrel Attacks on Lead Flashing: causes and solutions Being rodents, squirrels’ front teeth grow continuously. They therefore gnaw on hard surfaces to wear down the soft dentine enamel and, more slowly, the harder outer enamel, leaving a sharp edge. Unfortunately, this natural impulse has been directed at the lead on the roof of the hapless Heathcote Mausoleum. Sympathetic solutions are being explored. 5 Mausolus - Summer 2017 Classical Rotundas, Gothic Towers, and Memorialising a Modern Mythology for Yale Stephen Gage explores the American reception of revival styles In 1921, the Yale Alumni Weekly edifi ce was a symbolic memorial diff erent attitudes towards published a retrospective structure that instantly became memorialisation in early celebrating two decades of the most prominent landmark twentieth-century America, with “the most remarkable period on the campus. Although both the Gothic providing a richer of expansion that Yale has projects intended to instil a sense and more potent sense of ever seen,” the largest in its of institutional unity and pride symbolic expression. 220-year history.1 Bookending by commemorating Yale’s past, By the late nineteenth either end of this period were they received vastly diff erent century, Yale had expanded two touchstone projects, each receptions. The Bicentennial beyond its early eighteenth- memorial in character. Thus, memorial was frequently seen century roots as a small college 1901 saw the completion of as an expensive misstep, and focused on the training of the the Bicentennial Buildings, a made little lasting impact on clergy. The College’s liberal arts monumental Classical group Yale’s self-image. By contrast, curriculum remained prominent, centred on a domed rotunda ecstatic praise was heaped on but it was joined by the Sheffi eld commemorating Yale’s war the Memorial Quadrangle from Scientifi c School, the Law dead. Then, at the end of the the moment the fi rst drawings School, and other emerging period in 1921, Yale completed were published and the project graduate and professional the Memorial Quadrangle, was seen to epitomise Yale’s programs. At the same time, a Gothic dormitory complex values as an institution. More sporadic and unplanned crowned by the soaring broadly, the story of these two expansion had made its campus Harkness Tower. The later monuments reveals strikingly in New Haven, Connecticut, Fig 1 6 Mausolus - Summer 2017 jumbled and incoherent. Its function was strongly tied to original “Brick Row” of austere the typological precedent of dormitories competed with the funereal mausoleum as examples from a myriad of developed over centuries of nineteenth-century revival Western architecture. The styles (Fig. 1). The Bicentennial dome, much shallower in the Buildings, built for the occasion competition entry, was raised of Yale’s two-hundredth in the fi nal design to create anniversary, were intended more usable interior space, to rectify this by providing a thus giving a sense of Baroque central unifying space for the exuberance to an otherwise entire University. The goal sombre memorial. was thus to commemorate the Fig 2 past and celebrate the modern In its positioning, the Rotunda centralised organisation not only served as the means that had developed under of giving access to the diff erent President Timothy Dwight and functions of the complex, continued duing the tenure of but provided a conspicuous his successor, Arthur T. Hadley.2 urban presence at the corner The project’s importance of Grove and College Streets and large scale led Yale to forgo (Fig. 2). Lined with prominent its usual practice of selecting public entrances on both an architect at will, and an sides, the Rotunda connected invited competition was held Yale’s historic central campus in 1899, with noted architect green with its outlying scientifi c George B. Post brought in as buildings and thus marked chief juror. The winning design the central junction point was by Carrère & Hastings, a of the campus, literally and rising fi rm who would go on to symbolically (Fig.
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