ISCM III - CSE II Third International Symposium on Computational Mechanics (ISCM III) in conjunction with Second Symposium on Computational Structural Engineering (CSE II)

Taipei, Taiwan

December 5-7, 2011

Honorary Chairmen Herbert Mang Jun-Zhi Cui

Conference Chairmen Yeong-Bing Yang Ming-Wu Yuan

Organization International Chinese Association for Computational Mechanics (ICACM)

Local Organization National Taiwan University (NTU)

Supporting Organizations and Sponsors National Science Council (NSC) National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (NYUST) Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (STAM) National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) Association of Computational Mechanics Taiwan (ACMT) Chinese Association of Computational Mechanics (CACM)

Preface

This conference held here on December 5-7, 2011 at the National Taiwan University, Taipei is a joint conference for the International Symposium on Computational Mechanics (ISCM) and International Symposium on Computational Structural Engineering (CSE). The objectives of ISCM III-CSE II are to discuss the latest development and application of computational methods in all aspects of engineering and science with a special emphasis on mechanics.

When counted from the side of the ISCM, this conference in the third in the sequence organized by the International Chinese Association for Computational Mechanics (ICACM), of which Prof. Mingwu Yuan has been the President. The first ISCM was held under the effort of Prof. Yuan in Beijing in 2007. Following the first successful meeting, the ICACM board decided to hold the ISCM every two years. The second ISCM was held in Hong Kong and Macau in 2009 in collaboration with EPMESC XII by Prof. Andrew Leung of City University of Hong Kong and Prof. Vai Pan Iu of University of Macau. The aim of the ISCM is to bring together scientists in the mechanics community to exchange the latest ideas of researches through the symposium.

On the other hand, the first International Symposium on Computational Structural Engineering (abbreviated as CSE) was held in Shanghai in 2009, co-organized by Tongji University and Vienna University of Technology. The aim of CSE is to provide a forum for scientists, developers, and engineers to review novel research findings, to assess the suitability of new models, and to evaluate the robustness of advanced computational methods for investigation of the life-cycle of structures.

Judging from the fact that the ISCM and CSE have some overlapping in topics and participants, we therefore decide to have a joint conference for them. The following are some statistics for this joint conference ISCM III - CSE II. We have received over 300 abstracts, among which only about 250 papers are accepted for presentation during the three days of meetings, including 5 plenary lectures and 6 semi-plenary lectures. The estimated number of total participants is around 300, coming from 19 countries and regions, including Austria, Australia, Brazil, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Singapore, Slovakia, U.K., U.S.A., Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Mainland China.

One of the biggest events in this conference is the organization of the Minisymposium in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Prof. Herbert A. Mang, former President of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and professor of Vienna University of Technology. As you may know, Prof. Mang was a key person in organizing the first CSE in Shanghai. We are very pleased to announce that we have received quite a good number of papers for this minisymposium.

The organizer of this conference is International Chinese Association for Computational Mechanics (ICACM), and the local organizer is National Taiwan University. The supporting and sponsoring organizations for this conference include: National Science Council (NSC), National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (YunTech), Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (STAM), Taiwan,

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National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), and Association of Computational Mechanics Taiwan (ACMT). I would like to thank Prof. Herbert A. Mang, academician of Austrian Academy of Sciences, and Prof. Jun-Zhi Cui, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering for serving as the Honorary Chairmen of the conference. I also thank Prof. Mingwu Yuan for taking the responsibility with me as the Conference Chairmen.

The Organizing Committee is chaired by Prof. Liang-Jeng Leu, Chairman of the Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, and Prof. Chuin-Shan David Chen, from the same department. I believe most of the participants have received a number of e-mails from David in the past few months. To David and his efficient working team, I would like to express my deepest appreciation.

On behalf of the ISCM III-CSE II, I would like to express my warmest welcome to all of you the participants coming from different parts of world. It is because of your facial presence here in Taipei that this conference has become a reality. I like to recall the saying by the Chinese great educator Confucius some 2,600 years ago: “To receive friends coming from afar is the most pleasing thing in life!” I share the same kind of feeling at this moment.

I wish every participant a very pleasant stay in Taipei and this conference a great success!

Yeong-Bin Yang Conference Chairman, ISCM III-CSE II

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CONTENTS

Preface ______i Conference Information ______1 Venue ______1 Venue Dining ______1 Venue Tansportation ______2 Minisymposiua ______3 Conference Special Events ______5 Organizations ______7 Technical Program ______9 Monday, December 5, 2011 ______10 Tuesday, December 6, 2011 ______28 Wednesday, December 7, 2011 ______48 Information about Taiwan ______57 Transportation ______57 Taipei Metro Route Map______58 Taipei Travel Information ______59 Author Index ______63

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Conference Information

Date

5-7 December, 2011

Venue

GisNTU Convention Center 集思臺大會議中心 (國立台灣大學第二活動中心 B1) Address: B1, No.85, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan 台北市羅斯福路四段 85 號 B1

Venue Map

Venue Dining

Location No. Restaurant GisNTU Nearby 1 筷子餐廳 Chopstix Chinese Restauran (walk about 3 mins) Address: No.85, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 台北市羅斯福路四段 85 號 2 NASSAS American-Style Resaurant Address: No.85, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 台北市羅斯福路 4 段 85 號 2F NT 200~500

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3 龐德羅莎 Ponderosa Steakhouse 台北市羅斯福路 4 段 85 號 2F NT 300~700 MRT Gongguan 4 馬辣麻辣火鍋 Mala Spicy Hot Pot Nearby Address: No.86, Sec. 3, Tingzhou Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City (walk about 10 mins) 台北市中正區汀州路三段 86 號 NT 400~550 5 Momo Paradize Sukiyaki Address: 3F., No.68, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 台北市羅斯福路四段 68 號 3 樓 NT 299~499 6 鬥牛士 Bullfight Crew F&B Address: 2F., No.68, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 台北市羅斯福路四段 68 號 2 樓 NT 400-800 7 重順川菜餐廳 Chung Shun Szechuan Restaurant Address: No.3-2, Aly. 8, Ln. 316, Sec. 3, Roosevelt Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 台北市中正區羅斯福路三段 316 巷 8 弄 3-2 號 NT 200~600 8 翠薪越南餐廳 Nadamejill's Vietnam Restaurant Address: No.11, Ln. 24, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 台北市中正區羅斯福路四段 24 巷 11 號 NT 200~600 Xinsheng S. Rd. 9 會津屋 Aizuya Japanese Restaurant Nearby Address: No.12, Ln. 60, Sec. 3, Xinsheng S. Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City (walk about 15 台北市大安區新生南路三段 60 巷 12 號 mins) 10 佬墨日出 Tequila Sunrise Mexican Address: No.42, Sec. 3, Xinsheng S. Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 台北市大安區新生南路三段 42 號 NT 250~500 11 鳳城燒臘 Feng Cheng Roasted Meat Address: No.58-1, Sec. 3, Xinsheng S. Rd., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 台北市大安區新生南路三段 58 之 1 號 NT 80~200

Venue Transportation

Hotel From Hotel to Conference Venue - GisNTU Leader By walking(about 3 mins): Hotel-Taipei Walk along Roosevelt Rd. you can get to the GisNTU. Howard Hotel – By walking(about 15~20 mins): International Walk along Xinsheng South Rd. and turn left to Roosevelt Rd. House Taipei By bus (about 10 mins): You can take No. 280, 284, 311, 505, 642, 643 to MRT Gongguan stop. Cross the street and walk along Roosevelt Rd, you can get to the GisNTU. By taxi (about 5 mins) :The average fare is about NT$100. Howard Plaza By bus (about 20~30 mins): Hotel You can take No. 311 to MRT Gongguan stop. Cross the street and walk along Roosevelt Rd, you can get to the GisNTU.

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Grand Hyatt By taxi (about 15~20 mins): Taipei Hotel The average fare is about NT$200. Shangri-La's Far By walking(about 15~20 mins): Eastern Plaza Walk along Dunhwa South Rd first and turn right to Keelung Rd. Hotel Turn right to Roosevelt Rd. when you see the traffic circle. By bus (about 10 mins): You can take No. 1 to MRT Gongguan stop. Cross the street and walk along Roosevelt Rd, you can get to the GisNTU. By taxi (about 5 mins): The average fare is about NT$100.

Minisymposia

MS# Title of Minisymposia Organizers 1 Minisymposium in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Prof. EBERHARDSTEINER, Josef Herbert A. Mang 2 Advances in Computational Modelling of Fracture Dr. YANG, Zhenjun and Problems with Singularity 3 Advanced Finite Element and Meshfree Methods Prof. HU, Hsin-Yun for PDEs Prof. CHEN, J. S. Prof. SHIH, Jerry Yin-Tzer Prof. HUANG, Hung-Tasi Prof. WU, Chin-Tien Prof. CHEN, Ren-Chuen 4 Advanced Modeling on Nonlinear Coupled Prof. SHIH, Po-Jen Mechanical Systems Prof. HU, Yuh-Chung Prof. SHYU, Wen-Shinn Prof. LIN, David T. W. 5 Analytical Techniques in Elasticity of Advanced Dr. POTAPENKO, Stanislav Materials Dr. SCHIAVONE, Peter Dr. SUDAK, Les 6 Bio- and Nano-Mechanics and Materials Prof. ZHUANG, Zhuo Prof. ZHANG, Hong-Wu Prof. CHEN, Zhen 7 Computational Methods for Liquid and Gas Flows Prof. LIN, Chao-An 8 Computational Methods in Geomechanics Prof. LIANG, Robert Prof. LI, Shi-Hai Prof. LI, Xi-Kui Prof. YUAN, Ming-Wu 9 Computational Methods in Underground Structures Prof. YUAN, Yong 10 Computational Structural Stability Prof. MANG, Herbert A. Prof. YANG, Yeong-Bin

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11 Contact and Interfacial Mechanics for Power Prof. WANG, Q. Jane Transmission Systems Prof. KEER, Leon M. Dr. LIN, Chih Prof. LIU, Geng Prof. WANG, Jia-Xu Prof. CHEN, Jin Prof. JENG, Yeau-Ren 12 Dynamics of Moving Load Problems Prof. YAU, J.D. 13 Earthquake Engineering Dr. WANG, Ren-Zuo Dr. HSIAO, Fu-Pei 14 High-performance Parallel Computing and its Prof. WANG, Yun-Che Applications in Mechanics Dr. CHUNG, I-Hsin

Prof. LEE, Che-Rung Dr. CHANG, Jee-Gong 15 Load-carrying Capacities of Two-Layer Shoring Prof. PENG, Jui-Lin Structures Used in Construction Prof. WANG, Pao-Li Prof. HE, Chong-Ming Prof. CHAN, Siu-Lai 16 Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures Prof. CHANG, I-Ling Prof. Takayuki Kitamura 17 Mechanics Behavior of Materials and Structures Prof. ZHANG, Xiong under Extreme Loading Prof. WANG, Cheng Dr. LIU, Yan 18 Mechanical Simulation on Mesoscopic/ Dr. LU, Jian-Ming Nanoscale/Atomistic Computational Materials Dr. SMITH, Matthew R. Dr. LEE, Wen-Jay Dr. CHEN, Nan-Yow 19 Mechanics of Nanostructured Materials Dr. FANG, H. Eliot Prof. HUANG, Hanchen Dr. PAO, Chun-Wei 20 Meshfree/Particle and Generalized Finite Element Prof. WANG, Dong-Dong Methods Prof. CHEN, Jiun-Shyan Prof. ZHANG, Xiong Prof. CHEN, Zhen Prof. GUAN, Pai-Chen 21 Multiscale Damage and Failure Mechanics of Dr. JU, Jiann-Wen Woody Engineering Materials Dr. SUN, Li-Zhi 22 Multiscale Methods in Plasticity Prof. WANG, Zhi-Qiang

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Prof. EL-AWADY, Jaafar Prof. TAKAHASHI, Akiyuki Prof. NGAN, Alfonso Prof. GHONEIM, Nasr 23 Nonlinear Analysis for Practical Design of Steel and Prof. CHAN, Siu-Lai Composite Structures Prof. LAM, D. Prof. LIEW, RJY Prof. PENG, JL 24 Particle-based Simulation for Granular Flows Prof. YANG, Fu-Ling Prof. CHEN, Kuo-Ching Dr. CHANG, Wei-Tze 25 Recent Advances in Boundary Element and Related Prof. YAO, Zhenhan Methods Prof. ZHANG, Chuanzeng Prof. CHEN, J. T. Prof. CHEN, Wen Prof. CHENG, Alex H. D. 26 Smoothed, Particle, Meshfree and Other Innovative Dr. GU, Yuan-Tong Numerical Methods Prof. LIU, G. R. Prof. LIU, Mou-Bin 27 Variable Infrastructural Systems to Sustain Prof. LU, Lyan-Ywan Multi-scale External Excitations Prof. LIN, Chi-Chang Prof. CHUNG, Lap-Loi Prof. CHU, Shih-Yu Prof. LEE, Tzu-Ying Prof. LIN, Tzu-Kang

Conference Special Events

 Welcome Reception 18:00-20:00, 4 December (Sunday), Leader Hotel-Taipei. Free to regular participants and .  Tour 14:00-16:00, National Palace Museum Guided Tour.  Banquet 18:00-21:00, 4 December (Sunday), National Palace Museum. *Each student registration includes all of the items in regular registration except the welcome reception and banquet tickets.

Language

Official language of the conference is English

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Registration

Opening hours will be: December 4, 13:30-20:00. December 5, 07:40-18:00. December 6, 08:30-18:00. December 7, 08:30-12:00.

Secretariat Room

For any help and request during the conference, please come to the Secretariat Room. Opening hours will be: December 5, 08:30-18:00. December 6, 08:30-18:00. December 7, 08:30-12:00.

Preview Area

Speakers can preview and upload their presentation files in this area.

Presentation Notes

 Each talk (invited as well as regular talks) will be 20-minutes in length; this includes the time for questions and answers.  The symposium provides a laptop with OS Windows 7 for each session. Presenters are welcome to use their own laptop as well.  We strongly encourage you to have a backup of your presentation on a USB storage device in the event your laptop has a technical problem or is incompatible with the LCD projector.  We ask that all presentations be ready at the beginning of the session. We will have VGA switchers available that will accommodate two laptops at one time. In view of the tight presentation schedule, we anticipate this will save time. Power strips will be provided.  Please arrive to your session 10 minutes early so that all the presentations can be set up at the beginning of the session.  A speaker preparation area will be available at the registration desk so that you can test your laptop compatibility and practice your presentation if needed.

Internet Access

The wireless internet access is available at Alexander. (帳密)

Lunch

December 5 (Monday), the forum. December 6 (Tuesday), the forum.. December 7 (Wednesday), the forum.

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Organizations

Organization

International Chinese Association for Computational Mechanics Local Organization

National Taiwan University Supporting Organizations and Sponsors

National Science Council (NSC) National Yunlin University of Science and Technology (NYUST) Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (STAM) National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) Association of Computational Mechanics Taiwan (ACMT) Chinese Association of Computational Mechanics (CACM)

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ISCM III - CSE II

TECHICAL PROGRAM

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Monday, December 5, 2011

Plenary Speech (I) 0900-0940 (the Forum 國際會議廳)

Buckling and Spherical Geometry

Herbert A. MANG* * Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria ([email protected])

Buckling is one of the most important causes of loss of the load-carrying capacity of structures. It may occur without prior notice at a load level far below the strength limit of the material. The triumphant progress of computational mechanics, particularly of the Finite Element Method (FEM), has resulted in a significant increase in knowledge on buckling phenomena. A side effect of the great impact of the FEM on computational structural stability analysis is the reduction of a variety of analytical formulations for different mechanical forms of loss of static stability to basically one single mathematical relation:

Kv T  1  0 (1)

where K T is the tangent stiffness matrix and v1 is the eigenvector. The conviction of the transferability of this variety to a computational-mechanics setting has prompted the search for “hidden conditions”, in the frame of the FEM, for categorization of buckling according to different mechanical starting points of loss of stability. The percentage bending energy of the strain energy of a structure shall serve as the distinguishing feature. The tool for computing this percentage is the so-called consistently linearized eigenproblem, introduced first by  Helnwien (Helnwein [1]). The mathematical formulation of this problem for the first eigenpair 11  , v   read as follows: KKv0v ,  1 (2) TT 1,11 

where K T , is the first derivative of K T with respect to the dimensionless load parameter  . The geometrical  interpretation of the vector function v1  is one of a surface curve on the unit sphere (Fig. 1). The azimuth angle, defined as      1, d , (3)  0  1 

represents a measure of the accumulated nonlinearity of the stability problem for an arbitrary value of  in the prebuckling regime. The zenith angle, defined as bv     cos 1 (4) b 

where  bK TT  11  K ,   v 1,  , (5)  ,

 marks the position of v1  relative to the z-axis. The percentage bending energy of the strain energy is obtained as 100 cos2 [%] . (6)

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z

   P S

v1 A v 0  1  v1   O y   

x

Figure 1: Eigenvector curve on the unit sphere for a general stress state    [A: starting point ( v1   0 ), P: arbitrary point ( v1   ), S: stability limit ( vv11S  )]

Table 1 contains information on geometric characteristics of eigenvector curves for a general stress state and for a few special cases involving some of the aforementioned “hidden conditions”.  Table 1: Geometric characteristics of eigenvector curves v1  

 Stress state Characteristics of eigenvector curve v1  on the unit sphere general monotonical increase of    and  

onstant percentage bending along a lateral circle energy of the strain energy membrane (m) along the equator

special case of m: fixed at the line of intersection of linear stability analysis the equatorial plane and the null-meridional plane pure bending fixed; pointing from the center to the North pole

The technological background goal of investigating the correlation of buckling and spherical geometry, representing work in progress, is to develop therapies for improving the buckling behavior of structures. An arch bridge will serve as an example for such a therapy, consisting of the conversion of an originally imperfection-sensitive structure into an imperfection-insensitive one by means of a modification of the original design (Jia [2]).

References [1] Helnwein P. Zur initialen Abschätzbarkeit von Stabilitätsgrenzen auf nichtlinearen Last-Verschiebungspfaden elastischer Strukturen mittels der Methode der Finiten Elemente (Ph. D. thesis) [in German; On ab initio assessability of stability limits on nonlinear load-displacement paths of elastic structures by means of the finite element method], Vienna University of Technology, Austria, 1997. [2] Jia X. On the influence of design changes on buckling and postbuckling of elastic structures (Ph. D. thesis). Vienna University of Technology, Austria, 2010.

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Monday, December 5, 2011

Plenary Speech (II) 0940-1020 (the Forum 國際會議廳)

Blending of Archetypes in Anholonomic Conformations for Multiscale Deformation and Fracture

Wing Kam Liu*, Ted Belytschko† , Khalil. I. Elkhodary †, Shan Tang †, Steven Greene † * Walter P. Murphy Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University World Class University Professor at SKKU, S. Korea e-mail: [email protected], web page: http://www.tam.northwestern.edu/wkl/liu.html † Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University

The multiresolution continuum theory developed over recent years for heterogeneous materials [1-12] has successfully modeled and predicted deformation and failure in microstructures spanning length scales from the nano to the micron. These computational models captured the diverse and dominant roles of the microstructural constituents across multiple length scales, correctly predicting the onset and evolution of heterogeneous deformations and the nucleation and propagation of fracture surfaces. Nonetheless, a major challenge with the multiscale balance laws has been the proper identification and construction of suitable sub-scale constitutive laws that govern the evolution of the sub-scale stresses appearing in a microstructure. Recourse to separate sub-scale modeling of representative volumes has enabled a partial resolution to this challenge. We thus propose in resolution to the abovementioned difficulties a new Archetype-Blending Continuum theory (see Figure), which is based on a bottom-up reinterpretation of multiresolution quantities. In this scheme, we depart from the assumption of micromorphism and replace it with a nonlocal sweep of the heterogeneous neighborhood (i.e. anholonomic conformation) of a material-point (i.e. archetype) to construct a blended (and holonomic) multiscale manifold, while exploiting the same multiscale variational principle as that of the multiresolution continuum. The resulting holonomic multiscale manifold thus permits the derivation of multiscale compatibility conditions that govern our newly developed topologically based fracture criterion, which stems from the integral law of compatibility, appositely for large deformations. Applications of the proposed archetype-blending theory are materials generic. The approach aims at constructing on-the-fly fully coupled multiscale constitutive laws, while only requiring the definition of archetype behaviors to any degree of complexity. Our current efforts span metals and alloys, polymer composites, ceramics and biomaterials. The multiplicity of archetypes in any given microstructure leads to a complexity of conformation and ultimately to the anholonomy of deformation maps. Therefore, along with constitutive laws for the archetypes, we develop appropriate blending laws to permit the construction of a holonomic multiscale manifold that directly accounts for the coupled contributions of archetypes across length scales to the mesoscale deformation and fracture phenomena which govern a materials performance at the macroscale under different ambient conditions.

Reference [1] Cahal McVeigh, Wing Kam Liu . Prediction of Central Bursting during Axisymmetric Cold Extrusion of a M etal Alloy containing Particles, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 3087-3105, 2006. [2] Franck Vernerey, Cahal McVeigh, Wing Kam Liu, Brian Moran, Deepak Tewari 3D Computational Modeling of Shear Dominated Ductile Failure of Steel, Journal of Minerals, 58:12, 45-51, 2006. [3] Cahal McVeigh, Franck Vernerey, Wing Kam Liu and L. Cate Brinson. Multiresolution Analysis for Material Design, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 95:37-40, 5053-5076, 2006. [4] Cahal McVeigh, Franck Vernerey, Wing Kam Liu, Brian Moran, An Interactive Microvoid Shear Localization Mechanism in High Strength Steels, Journal for the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 55:2, 225-244, 2007 [5] Franck Vernerey, Wing Kam Liu and Brian Moran, Multiscale Micromorphic Theory for Hierarchical Materials, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Volume 55, Issue 12, Pages 2603-2651, December 2007. [6] F. J. Vernerey, W. K. Liu, B. Moran, G.B. Olson, A Micromorphic Model for the Multiple Scale Failure of Heterogeneous Materials, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of solids, 56(4), 1320-1347, 2008. [7] Wing Kam Liu, Cahal McVeigh. Predictive Multiscale Theory for Design of Heterogeneous Materials, Computational Mechanics, 42(2), 147-170, 2008. [8] McVeigh,C., Liu,W.K., Multiresolution modeling of ductile reinforced brittle composites. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 57 (2009) 244–267.

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[9] Wing Kam Liu, Dong Qian, Stefano Gonella, Shaofan Li Wei Chen, Shardool Chirputkar, “Multiscale Methods for Mechanical Science of Complex Materials: Bridging from Quantum to Stochastic Multiresolution Continuum,” Invited paper, submitted to IJNME, 2009. [10] Rong Tian, Stephanie Chan, Shan Tang, Adrian M. Kopacz, Jian-Sheng Wang, Herng-Jeng Jou, Larbi Siad, Lars-Erik Lindgren, Gregory B. Olson, Wing Kam Liu， 2010. A multiresolution continuum simulation of the ductile fracture process, Volume 58, Issue 10, 1681-1700. [11] W. K., et al., “Complexity science of multiscale materials via stochastic computations,” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Volume 80, Issue 6, 5 - 12 Pages: 932-978, 2009. [12 McVeigh, C., Liu, W. K., “Linking microstructure and properties through a predictive multiresolution continuum,” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 197 (2008) 3268–3290.

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Monday, December 5 Time: 1040-1220 Palto 柏拉圖廳 A-03 MS25-1 Recent Advances in Boundary Element and Related Methods Chair: Zhenhan Yao 1040-1100 MS25-01-IL [Invited Talk] Study on the Rank Deficiency in Dual Bem Using Svd Jeng-Tzong Chen, Ying-Te Lee and Jia-Wei Lee 1100-1120 MS25-02 Large-Scale Multiple Scattering Analysis of Elastic Waves Using the Fast Multipole Bem Based on the Convolution Quadrature Method Takahiro Saitoh, Sohichi Hirose and Chuanzeng Zhang 1120-1140 MS25-03 Convolution Quadrature Based Boundary Element Mehtod for Elastic Wave Propagation in General Anisotropic Media Akira Furukawa, Takahiro Saitoh, Yukumo Tanaka and Sohichi Hirose 1140-1200 MS25-04 Automatic Structural Analysis with Boundary Face Method and Adaptive cross Approximation Jianming Zhang 1200-1220 MS25-05 Fast Boundary Knot Method Implementation with Cuda Xinrong Jiang and Wen Chen Archimedes 阿基米得廳 A-04 MS19-1 Mechanics of Nanostructured Materials Chair: Chun-Wei Pao & Yu-Lin Shen Co-Chair: Yu-Lin Shen (University of New Mexico, Usa) 1040-1100 MS19-01-IL [Invited Talk] Anisotropy-Induced Spontaneous Bending of Nanoribbons: Helicity, Bending, Instability Zi Chen, Carmel Majidi, Qiaohang Guo, Wenzhe Chen, David J Srolovitz and Mikko Haataja 1100-1120 MS19-02 A Computational Study on the Viscoelastic and Damping Properties of Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanostructures Dong Qian and Zhong Zhou 1120-1140 MS19-03 A New Molecular Structural Mechanic Model for Mechanical Property Prediction of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Xi Wang and Guangyu Shi 1140-1200 MS19-04 Atomistic Simulation on Strength of Bulk Nanostructured Metals Guo-Jie J. Gao 1200-1220 MS19-05 Microstructure-Based Tensile Modeling of Crack Growth in Hydroxyapatite-Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Biocompatible Nanocoatings Xia Zhou, Rui-Min Mu and Chen-Wei Wu 1220-1240 MS19-06 The Phase Transformation of Gold Nanowire Bridge Wen-Jay Lee, Chun-Wei Pao and Jee-Gong Chang

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Locke 洛克廳 A-05 MS9-1 Computational Modeling of Noise Generation and Propagation in Urban Environment Chair: Xiaomo Jiang & Xian Liu 1040-1100 MS09-01 Bayesian Approach to Stochastic Modeling of Tunnel Seepage Accumulation Xiaomo Jiang, Yong Yuan and Xian Liu 1100-1120 MS09-02 A Genetic Algorithm for Solving Pile Foundation Placing Design Hiroyuki Ninomiya and Buntara-Sthenly Gan 1120-1140 MS09-03 Structural Performance of Precast Undersea Tube at Early Age Wei Jiang, Yong Yuan and Xian Liu 1140-1200 MS09-04 A Bond Stress Distribution Model of Gfrp to Concrete Yinghao Liu and Yong Yuan 1200-1220 MS09-05 Multiscale Micromechanics Model for Simulation of the Elasticity of Cementitious Composite Shuai Fan and Yong Yuan 1220-1240 MS09-06 Modeling of Pore-Structure of Porous Materials: Generation Algorithm and Validation Xiao-Fei Guan and Xian Liu Da Vinci 達文西廳 C-01 MS13-1 Earthquake Engineering Chair: Fu-Pei Hsiao, Ren-Zuo Wang 1040-1100 MS13-01 Numerical Simulations of Rc Exterior Beam-Column Joints Using Smeared and Discrete Cracks Modelling Technique S.H. Luk and J.S. Kuang 1100-1120 MS13-02 Modelling Building Structures for Preliminary Seismic Assessment: Modified Continuum-Mdof Representation H. T. Chan and J. S. Kuang 1120-1140 MS13-03 Seismic Assessment for Low-Rise Rc School Buildings Fu-Pei Hsiao, Yeong-Kae Yeh, Wen-Yu Jean, Lap-Loi Chung and Shyh-Jiann Hwang 1140-1200 MS13-04 Design of Experiment and Numerical Analyses of Impacts on Concrete Ren-Zuo Wang, Keh-Chyuan Tsai, Bin-Chang Lin and Fan-Jun Xie 1200-1220 MS13-05 Optimal Design of Steel Frame Structure with Discrete Sections Based on Gradient Method Yong-Cun Zhang, Shu-Tian Liu and Yu-Pin Hou Raphael 拉斐爾廳 C-02 MS7-1 Computational Methods for Liquid and Gas Flows Chair:Lin, Chao-An & Shu, Chang 1040-1100 MS07-01-IL [Invited Talk] An Efficient Immersed Boundary Method for Simulation of Multiphase Flows with Wetting Boundary Condition Chang Shu, Jiangyan Shao and Yongtian Chew 1100-1120 MS07-02 Modeling Shallow Water Flows in Confluence Channel with Lattice Boltzmann Method Qing-Yuan Yang and Wei-Zhen Lu 1120-1140 MS07-03 Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Binary Fluid System on Partial Wetting Surface C. H. Shih, C. L. Wu, L. C. Chang and Chao-An Lin 1140-1200 MS07-04 A Semi-Lagrangian Level Set Method for Simulation of Incompressible Multiphase Flow Fen-Fen Yu, Xiang-Yu Hu, Daniel Gaudlitz, Stefan Hickel and Nikolaus Adams 1200-1220 MS07-05 A Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Analysis of an Insect-Like Flapping Mav Yang-Yao Niu, Che-Cheng Chang and Shin-Han Liu

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Michelangelo 米開朗基羅廳 C-03 MS4-1 Advanced Modeling on Nonlinear Coupled Mechanical Systems Chair: Po-Jen Shih 1040-1100 MS04-01-IL [Invited Talk] Sh-Wave Scattering at a Semi-Cylindrical Hill and a Semi-Cylindrical Canyon By Hybrid Method Wen-Shinn Shyu and Tsung-Jeng Teng 1100-1120 MS04-02 Rotating Tethered Triangle-Like Satellite Formation Near Libration Points Zhi-Qin Cai and Hong Zhou 1120-1140 MS04-03 Responses of Nonlinear Coupled Pitch-Roll Ship Motion under Poisson Impulses Hai-Tao Zhu, Guo-Kang Er and Vai-Pan Iu 1140-1200 MS04-04 Seismic Resistance for High-Rise Buildings Using Water Tanks Considering the Interaction Between Liquid and Tank Wall Bui Pham Duc Tuong and Luong Van Hai 1200-1220 MS04-05 Investigation on Deck-Stay Interaction of the Kao Ping Hsi Bridge Ming-Yi Liu, Li-Chin Lin and Pao-Hsii Wang Nietzsche 尼采廳 C-04 MS14 High-Performance Parallel Computing and Its Applications in Mechanics Chair: Yun-Che Wang & I-Hsin Chung 1040-1100 MS14-01-IL [Invited Talk] Performance Tuning and Tools for Scientific Applications I-Hsin Chung 1100-1120 MS14-02 The Merge Phase of Parallel Domain Decomposition Method for 3d Delaunay Triangulation Chen, Min-Bin 1120-1140 MS14-03 An Optimized Algorithm for Discrete Element System Analysis Using Cuda Zhaosong Ma, Chun Feng, Dong Zhou and Shihai Li 1140-1200 MS14-04 A High-Order Quadrature-Free Rkdg Method for Wave Equations on Structured Grids with Gpu Acceleration Min-Hung Chen and Po-Yu Shieh 1200-1220 MS14-05 Study of the Parallel Performance of Molecular Dynamics Simulation with Lammps Yun-Che Wang, Chun-Yi Wu and I-Hsin Chung

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Monday, December 5, 2011

Semi-Plenary Speech (I) 1330-1410 (the Forum 國際會議廳)

An Accurate and Consistent Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis with Combined Use of SUPG/PSPG and EFMM

Genki YAGAWA, Shinsuke NAGAOKA and Yasushi NAKABAYASHI Toyo University, Japan

The present paper proposes a new analysis method for fluid-structure problems, which has nodal consistency at the fluid-structure interface and its calculation efficiency and accuracy are high. The analysis accuracy of the FEM is known to be improved by using higher-order elements with mid-side nodes. If engineers try to improve analysis accuracy without using higher-order elements, they usually employ finer mesh in the analysis domain, which results in the increase of calculation time and memory consumption [1-3]. It is well recognized that, for the FEM-based structural analysis, higher-order elements are generally used to improve analysis results. On the other hand, for fluid analysis, by employing the Streamline Upwind/ Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) [4] method and the Pressure-Stabilizing/ Petrov-Galerkin (PSPG) [5-7] method, it is possible to achieve good analysis results without using higher-order elements. When conducting analysis considering fluid-structure interaction effects, it is desirable that node locations are consistent on the interface between fluid and structure domain. But, when the fluid analysis method using the SUPG/PSPG stabilized FEM and the structural analysis method using higher-order elements are used at the same time, the locations of nodes on the interface between two analysis domain becomes inconsistent, because the second-order elements with mid-side nodes are used for the structural field and first-order elements without mid-side nodes for the fluid field, although these elements are both triangular and tetrahedral in the case of the 2D problems and the 3D problems, respectively. Accordingly, when considering the coupling effects of two different fields, it is necessary to interpolate the analysis results between the nodes. Therefore, when perfuming structure-fluid coupled analysis, it is ideal to adopt an accurate structural analysis method without using the mid-side noded elements. In order to cope with this problem, the authors propose to use the Enriched Free Mesh Method (EFMM) [8-11] as the structural analysis part, which is one of the meshless methods of high accuracy. The elements used for the EFMM-based analysis are triangular or tetrahedral without mid-side nodes and it has been reported that the method gives solutions as accurate as that of the mid-side noded elements. By combining EFMM with the SUPG/PSPG stabilized FEM, it is possible to accurately analyze fluid-structure interaction problems in which the nodes on the boundaries between the structural and fluid fields are consistent. The present method has been successfully applied to the simulation of the deformation of blood cell, which is a typical problem of fluid-structure interaction. . References [1] Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Taylor, R.L., The Finite Element Method(5th Edition), Elsevier, (2000) [2] Hughes, T.J.R., The Finite Element Method: Linear Static and Dynamic Finite Element Analysis, Prentice Hall, (1987) [3] Zienkiewicz, O.C., Taylor, R. L. and Nithiarasu, P., The Finite Element Method for Fluid Dynamics(6th Edition), Elsevier, (2005) [4] Brooks, A. N. and Hughes, T. J. R., “Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin Formulations for Convection Dominated Flows with Particular Emphasis on the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations”, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 32, (1982), pp.199–259. [5] Tezduyar,T.E., Stabilized Finite Element Formulations for Incompressible Flow Computations, Advanced in Applied Mechanics, 28, (1992), pp.1-44. [6] Tezduyar, T.E., Mittal, S., Ray, S.E. and Shih, R., Incompressible Flow Computations with Stabilized Bilinear and Linear Equal-Order-Interpolation Velocity-Pressure Elements, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 95, (1992), pp.221-242.

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[7] Tezduyar, T. E., "Computation of Moving Boundaries and Interfaces and Stabilization Parameters", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 43, (2003), pp.555-575. [8] Yagawa, G. and Matsubara, H., Enriched Free Mesh Method: An Accuracy Improvement for Node-based FEM, Computational Plasticity, Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, Springer , 7, (2007), pp.207-219. [9] Yagawa, G. and Yamada, T., Free Mesh Method: A New Meshless Finite Element Method, Computational Mechanics, 18, (1996), pp. 383-386. [10] Yagawa, G., Free Mesh Method: Fundamental Conception, Algorithms and Accuracy Study, Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, 87, pp. 115-134. [11] Yagawa, G., Computational Performance of Free Mesh Method Applied to Continuum Mechanics Problems, Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, 87, pp. 135-151.

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Monday, December 5, 2011

Semi-Plenary Speech (II) 1330-1410 (Palto 柏拉圖廳 A-03)

Size-Dependent Probabilistic Damage Micromechanics and Toughening Behavior of Particle or Fiber Reinforced Composites

J. Woody JU† and Keiji YANASE* †Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A. ([email protected]); College of Civil Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai. *Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, JAPAN

A micromechanical framework is proposed in order to predict the deformation responses of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites by invoking essential features of dislocation plasticity. First, within the framework of probabilistic micromechanical formulation, the damage induced by the manufacturing process and by the external mechanical loading in the presence of thermal residual stress is considered. Subsequently, the effective elastic moduli of four-phase composites, consisting of a ductile matrix and randomly located spherical intact or damaged particles are derived. Further, the size-dependent plastic deformation behaviors of particle-reinforced metal matrix composites are predicted with a micromechanics-based dislocation theory. Specifically, the density of dislocations due to the thermal contraction mismatch and the plastic deformation mismatch are taken into consideration within the micromechanical framework to account for the dislocation strengthening. In order to predict the overall elastoplastic damage behavior of composites, a hybrid size-dependent effective yield function is proposed on the basis of ensemble-volume averaging procedure and the modified matrix yield strength. The comparisons between the theoretical predictions and the available experimental data will illustrate the capability of proposed framework. Further, the Mode-I stress intensity factors of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites are studied based on the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics. As one of the dominant damage mechanisms, a matrix crack in the absence of fiber break is considered here. The bridging of crack faces is assumed a primal toughening mechanism in the unidirectional fibrous composites. Based on a frictional shear-slip relationship, the effect of fiber-bridging mechanism is reflected by the toughening mechanism of unidirectional fibrous composites. On computational scheme, the Newton’s method is adopted to solve governing simultaneous equations for the fiber-bridging stresses and the crack-mouth opening displacements. By making use of the proposed computational framework, a series of parametric studies is carried out to shed light on the effects of key material parameters upon the toughening of fibrous composites in a systematic manner.

1 R =0.01 0.9 mf R =0.02 mf 0.8 R =0.04 mf R =0.1 0.7 mf 0.6

m 0.5 P 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1

0 0 5 10 15 20 Particle Radius (m)

Figure 1. The probability function Pm with various particle radii.

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Figure 2. The dislocation loops configurations featuring (a) non-relaxed state; (b) relaxed state.

Manufacturing Process Induced Damage For MMCp, the modeling of damage should take into consideration the fracture of reinforcements, void nucleation/growth/coalescence within the metallic matrix, and the interfacial debonding between the matrix and particles. The particle fracture caused by manufacturing processes (such as extrusion) is a common phenomenon, and has a dominant effect upon the performance of MMCp (Sun, Liu and Ju, 2003). Since the cracked particles may not carry any load effectively, they can be treated as voids. However, cracked particles can still contribute to the composite stiffness. The amount of particle fracture is dependent on the particle size; the deformation behavior of MMCp is particle-size dependent. Unique manufacturing process leads to distinct damage accumulation and formation prior to thermomechanical testing or external loading; the description of such type of damage is difficult. Instead of investigating the detailed microstructural damage mechanisms, a parametric study is performed to shed light on the initial damage caused by manufacturing process. The manufacturing process often induces anisotropic damage, hence the 4th-order tensor is suitable to characterize damage. An exponential cumulative density function is adopted to account for the probable size-dependent particle fracture. Thermal Residual Stress and Relaxation Eigenstrain is introduced in micromechanics to represent inelastic strains such as the thermal strain, phase transformation strain, plastic strain, and misfit strain. The temperature change in a composite material during the manufacturing process generates a misfit between the natural shape of the inclusion and the corresponding matrix. The thermal contraction misfit can be simulated by the thermal eigenstrain. Since the thermal eigenstrain is the stress-free strain within the inclusion, Eshelby’s equivalence principle can be expressed with the total or fictitious eigenstrain (Ju and Yanase, 2008, 2009) During the manufacturing process, the internal stress caused by thermal expansion mismatch can be quickly relaxed by the dislocation punching. For example, the internal stress relaxation leads to a decreased amount of residual compressive cramping force around inclusions. In terms of yielding, such relaxation is particularly favored for fiber-reinforced composites because the residual deviatoric stress in a matrix can also be reduced. Following Taya and Mori (1987), we simulate the domain of punched-out dislocations by an additional prolate spheroid as rendered in Figure 2. References [1] Ju, J.W., and Yanase, K. (2008), “Elastoplastic damage micromechanics for elliptical fiber composites with progressive partial fiber debonding and thermal residual stresses”, Theoret. Appl. Mech., 35: 137-170. [2] Ju, J.W., and Yanase, K. (2009), “Micromechanical elastoplastic damage mechanics for elliptical fiber-reinforced composites with progressive partial fiber debonding”, Int. J. Damage. Mech., 18(7), 639-668. [3] Sun, L.Z., Liu, H.T., and Ju, J.W. (2003), “Effect of particle cracking on elastoplastic behavior of metal matrix composites”, Int. J. for Numer. Meth. in Eng., 56: 2183-2198. [4] Taya, M., and Mori, T. (1987), “Dislocations punched-out around a short fiber in a short fiber metal matrix composite subjected to uniform temperature change”, Acta Metall., 35: 155-162.

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Monday, December 5 Time: 1420-1600 Palto 柏拉圖廳 A-03 MS25-2 Recent Advances in Boundary Element and Related Methods Chair: Jeng-Tzong Chen 1420-1440 MS25-06-IL [Invited Talk] Bem Analysis of Heat Transfer in Cooling Channels X. W. Gao, H. F. Peng and Y. F. Liu 1440-1500 MS25-07 Dual Reciprocity Boundary Face Method for Nonhomogeneous Problems Fenglin Zhou and Jianming Zhang 1500-1520 MS25-08 Modified Collocation Trefftz Method and Exponentially Convergent Scalar Homotopy Algorithm for Solving Free-Surface Seepage Problems Hsin-Fang Chan and Chia-Ming Fan 1520-1540 MS25-09 The Collocation Trefftz Methods for Stokes Equations with Singularity Ming-Gong Lee, Zi-Cai Li and John Y. Chiang Archimedes 阿基米得廳 A-04 MS19-2 Mechanics of Nanostructured Materials Chair: H. Eliot Fang & Dong Qian

1420-1440 MS19-07-IL [Invited Talk] Interface Control of Deformation Twinning in a Nanolaminate Structure Luke Hsiung 1440-1500 MS19-08 Plasticity Induced By Indentation Unloading: A Numerical Study on Nanolayered Composites Yu-Lin Shen 1500-1520 MS19-09 Phase Separation, Morphology, and Optimal Blending Ratio of Bulk-Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells Cheng-Kuang Lee and Chun-Wei Pao 1520-1540 MS19-10 Propagating Modes of Periodic Alternating Solid and Fluid Layers Chih-Yu Kuo, Ying-Hong Liu and Chien-Cheng Chang 1540-1600 MS19-11 Extended Multiscale Finite Element Method for Mechanical Analysis of 3d Elastic Heterogeneous Materials Jun Lv and Hong-Wu Zhang Locke 洛克廳 A-05 MS9-2 Computational Modeling of Noise Generation and Propagation in Urban Environment Chair: Zhiyi Chen 1420-1440 MS09-07 Seismic Analysis of a Long Immersed Tunnel in Deep Water H.T. Yu, C. Li, Y. Yuan, Z.Y. Chen and L. Jing 1440-1500 MS09-08 Non-Uniform Seismic Response of Ground Simulated Through Multi-Input Shaking Table Li-Yu Liu and Yong Yuan 1500-1520 MS09-09 Effects of Different Kinds of Flexible Joints on Longitudinal Seismic Response of Immersed Tunnels(Abstract) Hao Shen and Zhi-Yi Chen 1520-1540 MS09-10 Macromodel-Based Pseudo-Static Seismic Analysis for Underground Composite Frame Structures Wei Jiang, Yong Yuan and Xian Liu 1540-1600 MS09-11 A Plastic Analysis Method for Restrained Rc Beams at Elevated Temperature Limin Lu, Luc Taerwe and Yong Yuan

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Da Vinci 達文西廳 C-01 MS13-2 Earthquake Engineering Chair: K.T. Chau & Shen-Haw Ju 1420-1440 MS13-06-IL [Invited Talk] Stochastic Strong Motion Simulations of Wenchuan Earthquake Kam Tim Chau and Sihua Zheng 1440-1500 MS13-07 Quantitative Risk Assessment of Storage Facilities in Earthquake: Analysis of a Case Study in China Cheng-Cheng Gai, Wen-Guo Weng, Xue-Feng Han and Hong-Yong Yuan 1500-1520 MS13-08 Optimal Bridge Column Size for Safety of Moving High-Speed Trains During Earthquakes Shen-Haw Ju 1520-1540 MS13-09 Combined Structural Systems Proposed for Buildings Located in Earthquake Areas Janusz Rębielak 1540-1600 MS13-10 Multifractal Characteristic Analysis of Near-Fault Strong Earthquake Ground Motions Di-Xiong Yang and Chang-Geng Zhang Raphael 拉斐爾廳 C-02 MS7-2 Computational Methods for Liquid and Gas Flows Chair:Yang, Jaw-Yen & Niu, Yang-Yao 1420-1440 MS07-06 Computations of Rarefied Gas Flows of Arbitrary Statistics Using a Direct Solver for Semiclassical Boltzmann-Bgk Equation Bagus Putra Muljadi and Jaw-Yen Yang 1440-1500 MS07-07 A Gpu Accelerated Model for Numerical Wave Simulation Ji-Tang Liu, Shi-Hai Li and Zhao-Song Ma 1500-1520 MS07-08 Numerical Simulation of Regular Wave Impact and Run-Up on Multiple Vertical Cylinders Hong-Jian Cao, Yuan-Chuan Liu and De-Cheng Wan 1520-1540 MS07-09 Vortex Induced Vibration of a Circular Cylinder in an Inclined Flow Chih-Chun Chu and Ban-Fuh Chen 1540-1600 MS07-10 Numerical Analysis of the Wind Load Influence to Light Pole Safety in Different Height and Opening Size Ren-Jwo Tsay Michelangelo 米開朗基羅廳 C-03 MS4-2 Advanced Modeling on Nonlinear Coupled Mechanical Systems Chair: David T. W. Lin & Po-Jen Shih 1420-1440 MS04-06-IL [Invited Talk] Fringe Capacitance Analysis for Micro Devices Yuh-Chung Hu, Zhong-Hua Ou and Pei-Zen Chang 1440-1500 MS04-07 Mathematical Modeling for the Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based on Thermo-Magneto-Electro-Elastic Euler Beam Theory Mei-Feng Liu and Tai-Ping Chang 1500-1520 MS04-08 Using Genetic Algorithm to Minimize the Stress Concentration for Electro-Thermal Micro-Actuator Jui Ching Hsieh, S. C. Chen, M. S. Suen and David Lin 1520-1540 MS04-09 Wave Scattering in Poroelastic Half-Space Po-Jen Shih, Tsung-Jen Teng and Chau-Shioung Yeh 1540-1600 MS04-10 A Model for a Hook-Connected Sandwich Panel Assembly Chau-Cho Yu and Chia-Wei Hsu

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Nietzsche 尼采廳 C-04 MS23-2 Nonlinear Analysis for Practical Design of Steel and Composite Structures Chair: S.L. Chan 1420-1440 MS23-01 Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames Considering Shear Failure at Beam-Column Joints Y.C. Sung, C.C. Hsiao, T.K. Lin and M.C. Lai 1440-1500 MS23-02 Topology Optimization of Composite Laminates Considering Ply Element Failure Xiangfeng Sun, Jie Yang, Yimin Xie, Xiaodong Huang and Zhihao Zuo 1500-1520 MS23-03 Topology Optimization of Plane Prager-Structures Based on Truss-Like Material Model Kemin Zhou and Xia Li 1520-1540 MS23-04 Modeling of Dual-Replacement Construction Method of Box Culvert Jacking Lu Jing, Xiao-Jian Wu and Ju-Yun Yuan

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Monday, December 5 Time: 1620-1800 Palto 柏拉圖廳 A-03 MS25-3 Recent Advances in Boundary Element and Related Methods Chair: Chuanzeng Zhang 1620-1640 MS25-10-IL [Invited Talk] Some Ideas on Stress Analysis of Thin Structures Using Bem Zhenhan Yao 1640-1700 MS25-11 Analysis of Shell-Like Structures with Boundary Face Method Based on 3d Elasticity Xianyun Qin and Jianming Zhang 1700-1720 MS25-12 3d Consistent Plate Bending Analysis Using Scaled Boundary Finite-Element Method Hou Man, Chongmin Song, Wei Gao and Francis Tin-Loi 1720-1740 MS25-13 An Efficient Tetrahedral Mesh Generation Approach for Boundary Face Method Cheng Huang and Jianming Zhang Archimedes 阿基米得廳 A-04 MS20 Meshfree/Particle and Generalized Finite Element Methods Chair: Dongdong Wang

1620-1640 MS20-01-IL [Invited Talk] Meshfree-Enriched Finite Element Methods for Near-Incompressible Analyses of Solids C. T. Wu, W. Hu and J. S. Chen 1640-1700 MS20-02 A Newmark Method with Zero Phase Error Yu-Feng Xing and Jing Guo 1700-1720 MS20-03 Computational Reliability of Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction (Sfsi) Systems Quan Gu 1720-1740 MS20-04 Gradient Enhanced Stabilized Conforming/Non-Conforming Nodal Integration Method for Contact and Impact Problems P.C. Guan, J.S. Chen and C.T. Sun 1740-1800 MS20-05 Improved Nurbs-Based Isogeometric Finite Element Analysis with Enhanced Treatment of Essential Boundary Conditions and Sub-Domain Strain Smoothing Integration Dongdong Wang, Junchang Xuan and Hanjie Zhang Locke 洛克廳 A-05 MS27-1 Variable Infrastructural Systems to Sustain Multi-Scale External Excitations Chair: Sritawat Kitipornchai & Lyan-Ywan Lu 1620-1640 MS27-01 Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Sandwich Beams with Variable Thickness in Thermal Environment Sritawat Kitipornchai, Jie Yang and Ting Yan 1640-1700 MS27-02 Resonant Response of Mega-Frame-Core-Tube Structural System of Super Tall Buidlings Yaoqing Gong 1700-1720 MS27-03 Vibration Analysis and Optimal Topology Design of Structure with Multi-Frequency Excitation Rosko Peter 1720-1740 MS27-04 Experimental Study on Seismic Isolators with Variable Stiffness Lyan-Ywan Lu, Tzu-Ying Lee and Ming-Chuan Ho 1740-1800 MS27-05 Seismic Protection of Equipment Using a Stiffness Controllable Isolation System Shih-Wei Yeh, Lyan-Ywan Lu and Shih-Yu Chu

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Da Vinci 達文西廳 C-01 MS2 Advances in Computational Modelling of Fracture and Problems with Singularity Chair: Zhenjun Yang & Jiye Chen 1620-1640 MS02-01-IL [Invited Talk] Multi-Scale Studies in Fracture of Rac: A Numerical Simulation Yu Ching Wu and Jian Zhuang Xiao 1640-1700 MS02-02 A Cohesive Fracture Study of Bone-Cement Interface J. Chen 1700-1720 MS02-03 Effectiveness of the Mfs and the Fem to Linear Notch Mechanics Wataru Fujisaki and Tosinori Fujisawa 1720-1740 MS02-04 A Discrete Cohesive Crack Model for Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Randomly Oriented Fibres Xiang-Ting Su, Zhen-Jun Yang, Guo-Hua Liu and Yun-Jin Hu Raphael 拉斐爾廳 C-02 MS10 Computational Structural Stability Chair: Ayt Leung & Shyh-Rong Kuo 1620-1640 MS10-01-IL [Invited Talk] Residue Harmonic Balance Method for Mulholland Equation A.Y.T. Leung, H.X. Yang and Z.J. Guo 1640-1700 MS10-02 Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Thin-Wall I-Beams Based on Rigid Beam Concept J.D. Yau and Shyh-Rong Kuo 1700-1720 MS10-03 An Efficient Algorithm for Computing the Dynamic Responses of the Periodic Structures Qiang Gao, Hongwu Zhang and Wanxie Zhong 1720-1740 MS10-04 An Integrated Damage Detection Method Based Structural Dynamic Properties Longqi Wang, Lianyou Li and Zhihai Xiang 1740-1800 MS10-05 The Application of Welding Numerical Simulation on Railway Vehicle Engineering Ya-Na Li, Cheng-Tao Li, and Su-Ming Xie Michelangelo 米開朗基羅廳 C-03 MS22 Multiscale Methods in Plasticity Chair:Tadashi Hasebe & Akiyuki Takahashi 1620-1640 MS22-01-IL [Invited Talk] Flow-Evolutionary Hypothesis in Ftmp and Its Applications Tadashi Hasebe 1640-1700 MS22-02-IL [Invited Talk] A Physically-Based Model for Low-Temperature Plasticity in Bcc Metals Thomas E. Buchheit, Corbett C. Battaile, Christopher R. Weinberger and Elizabeth A. Holm 1700-1720 MS22-03 A Size-Dependent Crystal Plasticity Model for Nano? Twinned Copper Hamidreza Mirkhani and Shailendra P. Joshi 1720-1740 MS22-04 Bottom-Up Crystal Plasticity Investigation of Magnesium Matrix Composites Jing Zhang and Shailendra P. Joshi 1740-1800 MS22-05 Homogenized Dislocation Dynamics Simulation of Plastic Deformation of Elastically Anisotropic Polycrystalline Metals Akiyuki Takahashi, Taiki Kogure and Yusuke Ueki

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Nietzsche 尼采廳 C-04 MS23-2 Nonlinear Analysis for Practical Design of Steel and Composite Structures Chair: S.L. Chan 1620-1640 MS23-05-IL [Invited Talk] Designing Eccentrically Loaded Concrete Encased Steel Composite Columns to Eurocode 4 Using Second-Order Analysis Dennis Lam 1640-1700 MS23-06 Seismic Assessment and Performance of Large Span Steel Structures After the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Junpei Kurokawa and Buntara-Sthenly Gan 1700-1720 MS23-07 Analytical Investigation of Effect of Local Corrosion Level at Steel Plate Girder End on Ultimate Bearing Resistance Nauman Khurram, Eiichi Sasaki, Hiroshi Katsuchi and Hitoshi Yamada 1720-1740 MS23-08 Direct Analysis of Steel and Composite Structures S.L. Chan, Ptc Pang and Wt Chan

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Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Plenary Speech (III) 0900-0940 (the Forum 國際會議廳)

A New Atomic-Continuum Model and Its Multi-Scale Algorithm for Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Materials

MZ. Xiang, J Z Cui* * LSEC, ICMSEC, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China, *Email: [email protected]

It is well known that performances of materials are determined by atoms and various scale micro- structures composed by them. The behaviors of materials and structures in scales larger than micrometer is described by macro-continuum model, while in nano-scales, the behaviors can be described by atomistic models. In order to study the behaviors of materials and structures in larger range of scales, an effective multi-scale computational algorithm is needed. In this paper, a new atomic-continuum model and a recursively concurrent multi-scale algorithm for thermo-mechanical behavior of materials is systematically presented [2]. The main points are following: First, an atomistic-continuum coupled model for thermo-mechanics behavior of materials in micro-nano scales, in which displacement and temperature fields are basic unknowns, are discussed. The atomic motion is divided into “structure deformations” and “thermal vibrations”. The “thermal vibration” of atoms is processed by statistics. For “structure deformations”, the nonlocal stress-strain relationship at atomic scales is derived by means of the representative volume element containing an atom cluster, extended representative volume element and the conception of deformation environment [1]. The energy transport rate is obtained, and free energy of inhomogeneous atom cluster is obtained. Then the extended representative volume element is analyzed by the deformation environment function to compute the free energy density, entropy density and internal energy density. And then the atomic-continuum equations are constructed based on momentum conservation law, energy conservation law. The non-locality of atomistic interactions is built into the thermo-mechanical constitutive equations. As the deformation of atomic lattice is homogeneous, the model naturally leads to Cauchy-Born model in location, and high order strain gradient models can be also obtained by some high order deformation approximation. The expressions corresponding to macro thermo-mechanical constitutive parameters are also given. Second, a recursively concurrent multi-scale algorithm for thermo-mechanical problems, which couples macro continuum model, atomic-continuum model and MD model, is developed. In this algorithm, the region of structure is decomposed into three parts, one with linear small deformation, one with weakly nonlinear deformation, and the other with strongly nonlinear deformation at atomic scale. The overall flowchart is of recursion. The coupling between coarse scale model and fine scale model is somewhat like the predictor-corrector algorithm. Coarse scale algorithm acts as a predictor and fine scale algorithm as a corrector. Constructing thermal boundary condition for MD is a main difficulty. An approach on prescribing thermal boundary conditions by ensuring the consistence of heat transfer rates between the atomic model and the continuum model is developed. A new scheme of alternate computing between coarse scale and fine scale is also shown. This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program 2010CB832702), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90916027), and also supported by the State Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering Computing.

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References [1] 向美珍，崔俊芝，田霞. 基于原子模型的非局域连续模型. 中国科学:G 辑, 41(3), 2011. [2] 向美珍,博士论文—“热-力耦合的原子-连续关联模型及递归式并发多尺度算法”，导师：崔俊芝，中国科学院 数学与系统科学研究院，2011。 [3] MZ. Xiang, J Z Cui, “Atomistic-Continuum Model for Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Materials”, Keynote presentation on ICHMM-2011 Conference, May 23-26/2011, Shanghai, China. *

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Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Plenary Speech (IV) 0940-1020 (Plato 柏拉圖廳 A-03)

Modeling of Deformation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Subrata MUKHERJEE* *Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA ([email protected])

The problem of interest here is the deformation of Single –Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) subjected to electric fields. There are two parts to this problem. The first is computation of the charge distribution and electrostatic fields on the surface of a thin nanotube – modeled as conducting in this work. A Boundary Element Method (BEM) analysis of this problem is carried out in which a line model (rather than a full three-dimensional (3-D) model) is proposed for the nanotube (Chen and Mukherjee [5]). In this approach, the integral of the charge density around a nanotube cross-section (called q), as a function of the distance along the axis of a nanotube, is first solved for with the BEM. The actual charge density (per unit area) on the nanotube surface is subsequently obtained from q as a post-processing step. Numerical results are presented for selected examples. These include the variation of q along the axis of a nanotube, as well as polar plots of the charge density, per unit area, around a nanotube cross-section. The second part involves mechanical modeling of a SWNT. In general, CNT models based on traditional continuum mechanics can be inconsistent or inaccurate, while atomistic simulations can be prohibitively expensive. Atomistic-continuum models (e.g. the quasi-continuum approach) attempt to combine the accuracy of atomistic simulations with the efficiency of continuum models. This approach has been applied to CNTs (eg. Chandraseker and Mukherjee [1,2], Chandraseker et al. [3,4]). At relatively long length scales, it makes sense to propose a one-dimensional (1-D) model for a SWNT. Chandraseker et al. [4] have proposed a Cosserat rod model for a SWNT that can capture large deformations of SWNTs. This model includes all deformation modes such as bending, twisting, extension and shear, as well as coupling between extension and twist and between shear and bending. In this work, the continuum elastic strain energy density of a SWNT is written in terms of strain measures that capture the above-mentioned deformation modes. The six material parameters for an (assumed) quadratic strain energy density function, for a 9 x 6 chiral SWNT, are obtained from unit cell atomistic simulations (Tight-Binding Density Function Theory DFTB) over a range of deformation magnitudes and types. Fang et al. [6] have carried out a Finite Element Method (FEM) implementation of a Cosserat rod model of a SWNT, subjected, in general, to axial and transverse loads, as well as bending moments and torques. This FEM simulation includes both geometric and material nonlinearities. A major limitation of the model presented in Chandraseker et al. [4], however, is that the cross-section of a SWNT is assumed to be rigid. This is not a good assumption since lateral surface deformations of SWNTs have been shown to be significant. To address this limitation, Kumar and Mukherjee [8] have proposed a new rod model that allows deformation of cross-sections of a SWNT. This new model has twelve material parameters for an (assumed) strain energy density function of a SWNT. This model includes all the deformation modes in the rigid cross-section model (Chandraseker et al. [4]) as well as coupling between cross-sectional deformation and axial stretch, and between cross-sectional deformation and twist. The new material parameters in this 12 parameter model have been obtained in Kumar et al. [9] by carrying out DFTB simulations on a 9 x 6 SWNT and using this simulation data to estimate these parameters. Finally, an FEM implementation of this Cosserat rod model for a 9 x 6 chiral SWNT, with deformable cross-sections, has been recently carried out (Fang et al. [7]). Numerical results for selected examples from Fang et al. [7] are presented in this talk. This includes (1) coupling between extension, twist and cross-sectional deformation and (2) global buckling modes of a 9 x 6 chiral SWNT. The final phase of this research will be to couple the two parts described above. This is planned for the future. References [1] Chandraseker K and Mukherjee S. Coupling of extension and twist in single-walled carbon nanotubes. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics 2006; 73: 315-326. [2] Chandraseker K and Mukherjee S. Atomistic-continuum and ab initio estimation of the elastic moduli of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Computational Materials Science 2007; 40:147-158.

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[3] Chandraseker K, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee YX. Modifications of the Cauchy-Born rule: Applications in the deformation of single-walled carbon nanotubes. International Journal of Solids and Structures 2006; 43: 7128-7144. [4] Chandraseker K, Mukherjee S, Paci JT, Schatz GC. An atomistic-continuum Cosserat rod model of carbon nanotubes. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 2009; 57: 932-958. [5] Chen H and Mukherjee S. Charge distribution on thin conducting nanotubes – reduced 3-D model. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2006; 68: 503-524. [6] Fang C, Kumar A, Mukherjee S. A finite element analysis of single-walled carbon nanotube deformation. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics 2011; 78: #034502, 1-7. [7] Fang C, Mukherjee S, Kumar A. Finite element analysis of a rod model for carbon nanotubes including in-plane cross-sectional deformation. Under preparation. [8] Kumar A and Mukherjee S. A geometrically exact rod model including in-plane cross-sectional deformation. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics 2011; 78: # 011010, 1-10. [9] Kumar A, Mukherjee S, Paci JT, Chandraseker K, Schatz GC. A rod model for three dimensional deformations of single-walled carbon nanotubes. International Journal of Solids and Structures. In press.

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Tuesday, December 6 Time 1040-1220 Palto 柏拉圖廳 A-03 MS1-1 Minisymposium in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Herbert A. Mang Chair: M. Papadrakakis & J. Eberhardsteiner 1040-1100 MS01-01-IL [Invited Talk] Consistent Virtual Work Formulation for the Nonlinear Analysis of Steel Frames under Thermal and Mechanical Loadings Y. B. Yang, C. T. Chen, C. R. Hung and T. J. Lin 1100-1120 MS01-02-IL [Invited Talk] Weak Coupled vs Strong Coupled Modeling Method of Early Age Concrete on Foundation Structures: Similarity, Applicability and Efficiency Yiming Zhang, Roman Lackner, Yong Yuan and Herbert.A.Mang 1120-1140 MS01-03-IL [Invited Talk] Single-Phase and Multi-Phase Modeling of Concrete Structures Günter Hofstetter, Bernhard Valentini, Yvonne Theiner and Matthias Aschaber 1140-1200 MS01-04-IL [Invited Talk] Parallelized Computational Simulation of Advancement Processes and Soil-Structure Interactions in Mechanized Tunneling Günther Meschke, Abudllah Alsahly, Jelena Ninic and Janosch Stascheit 1200-1220 MS01-05-IL [Invited Talk] Multi-Dimensional Moving Least Squares Method with Applications to Solid Mechanics Kohei Sakihara, Hitoshi Matsubara and Genki Yagawa Archimedes 阿基米得廳 A-04 MS26-1 Smoothed, Particle, Meshfree and Other Innovative Numerical Methods Chair: Yuantong Gu

1040-1100 MS26-01-IL [Invited Talk] Meshfree Particle Simulation of Free Surface Flows with Moving Objects Mou-Bin Liu, Jia-Ru Shao and Xiu-Feng Yang 1100-1120 MS26-02-IL [Invited Talk] Compact Local Approximations Employed with Integrated Rbfs for Second-Order Elliptic Differential Equations Nam Mai-Duy and Thanh Tran-Cong 1120-1140 MS26-03 A Fast Precise Integration Method for Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Problem Feng Wu and Qiang Gao 1140-1200 MS26-04 Simulation of Plugging Failure During Ballistic Penetration of Steel Plate with Fem-Sph Coupling Method Yi-Hua Xiao and Xu-Han 1200-1220 MS26-05 Interval-Based Programming Method Using Improved Global Search Strategy for Nonlinear System Ziheng Zhao, Xu Han and Chao Jiang

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Locke 洛克廳 A-05 MS21-1 Multiscale Damage and Failure Mechanics of Engineering Materials Chair: J. Woody Ju & Lufeng Yang 1040-1100 MS21-01-IL [Invited Talk] X-Prize: A Double Blind Benchmark Assessment of Failure Modeling Methodologies H. Eliot Fang and Brad L. Boyce 1100-1120 MS21-02-IL [Invited Talk] A Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin Shepard and Least Square Method Requiring No Singular Weight Function Xiaoying Zhuang and Yongchang Cai 1120-1140 MS21-03 Numerical Verification of the Effectiveness of Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar on Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam Li-Qun Tang, Bao Yang, Chun-Yu Zhang, Dai-Ning Fang and Xiao-Qing Huang 1140-1200 MS21-04 Multiscale Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Materials Chuanlin Hu and Zongjin Li 1200-1220 MS21-05 Seismic Failure of Infilled Rc Frames: Discrete Modelling Approach with Damage-Based Cohesive Crack Representation Y. P. Yuen and J. S. Kuang 1220-12-40 MS21-06 Strain Strength Distribution Criterion Shi-Hai Li and Dong Zhou Da Vinci 達文西廳 C-01 MS17-1 Mechanics Behavior of Materials and Structures under Extreme Loading Chair: Xiong Zhang & Cheng Wang 1040-1100 MS17-01-IL [Invited Talk] Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Blast/Impact Responses Zhen Chen 1100-1120 MS17-02-IL [Invited Talk] Modeling Material Interactions Using Multiphase Material Point Method Duan Z. Zhang, Xia Ma, Paul T. Giguere and Balaji Jayraman 1120-1140 MS17-03 Mechanics Behavior of Materials and Structures under Extreme Loading Yan Ping Lian, Xiong Zhang and Yan Liu 1140-1200 MS17-04 Numerical Simulation of Perforating Processes Zhao Zhang, Jia Huang and Hong-Wu Zhang 1200-1220 MS17-06 An Analytical Research on Dynamic Failure of Brittle Materials Cheng Yan, Zhuo-Cheng Ou and Feng-Lei Huang Raphael 拉斐爾廳 C-02 MS8-1 Computational Methods in Geomechanics Chair: Robert Liang 1040-1100 MS08-01-IL [Invited Talk] Monte Carlo Methods Incorporating Importance Sampling Techniques for Reliability Analysis of Deep Foundations Haijian Fan and Robert Y. Liang 1100-1120 MS08-02 Analysis of Load Transfer Factor of Soil Slope Stabilized By Drilled Shafts Horn-Da Lin, Robert Liang, Ping-Hsin Tsai and Huu-Phuoc Dang 1120-1140 MS08-03 Shear Strength of Spatially Variable Soil Masses: Average Or Extreme? Jianye Ching 1140-1200 MS08-04 Coupled Solid-Fluid Modeling of Quicksand Shin-Ruei Lin, Chuin-Shan Chen, Fu-Ling Yang and Shang-Hsien Hsieh 1200-1220 MS08-05 Large-Scale Dynamic Response Analysis: A Case Study H.T. Yu, Y. Gu, Y. Yuan and J.H. Wang

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Michelangelo 米開朗基羅廳 C-03 MS12 Dynamic Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridge of High-Speed Railway Chair: J.D. Yau & Meng-Hao Tsai 1040-1100 MS12-01 Response of Rigid Roadway Pavement under Dynamic Traffic Loads Sofia W. Alisjahbana and Wiratman Wangsadinata 1100-1120 MS12-02 Experimental Investigation on the Inelastic Dynamic Amplification Factor under Sudden Support Loss Meng-Hao Tsai and Zhi-Kuo You 1120-1140 MS12-03 Aerodynamic Forces Acting on Body Standing on Platform Caused By High-Speed Train Hai-Quan Bi and Lei He 1140-1200 MS12-04 Dynamic Response of a Single-Span Guideway Subjected to Running High-Speed Maglev Train Jin Shi, J.D. Yau and Ying-Jie Wang 1200-1220 MS12-05 Railway Ballast Health Monitoring Through In-Situ Vibration Test of Concrete Sleeper Heung Fai Lam and Man Tat Wong Nietzsche 尼采廳 C-04 MS27-2 Variable Infrastructural Systems to Sustain Multi-Scale External Excitations Chair: Chi-Chang Lin & Shih-Yu Chu 1040-1100 MS27-06 Seismic Protection of Structures Using Resettable Variable Stiffness Tmd Ging-Long Lin, Chi-Chang Lin and Lyan-Ywan Lu 1100-1120 MS27-07 Dynamic Analysis for Bridges Isolated By Sliding Bearings with Variable Curvature Tzu-Ying Lee, Lyan-Ywan Lu, Der-Shin Juang and Yen-Chen Fang 1120-1140 MS27-08 Semi-Active Control of Pendulum-Like Tmd with Variable Length Lap-Loi Chung, Lai-Yun Wu, Kuan-Hua Lien and Yong-An Lai 1140-1200 MS27-09 Control Performance of a Leverage-Type Stiffness Controllable Mass Damper System Shih-Yu Chu, Lyan-Ywan Lu, Chin-Te Chien and Shih-Wei Yeh 1200-1220 MS27-10 An Adaptive Base-Isolated System Considering Time Delay Effect Tzu-Kang Lin and Chen-An Tsai 1220-12-40 MS27-11 Semi-Active Isolation with Switched Nonlinear Viscous Damping Control Strategy Lap-Loi Chung, Hung-Ming Chen and Cho-Yen Yang 1220-12-40 MS08-06 Seismic Simulation of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Retaining Structures Built in Ilan County, Taiwan Sao-Jeng Chao and Jia-Cin Liu

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Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Semi-Plenary Speech (III) 1330-1410 (the Forum 國際會議廳)

Fragility Analysis of Structures: A Computationally Efficient Approach

Manolis PAPADRAKAKIS*, Chara Ch. MITROPOULOU†, Nikos D. LAGAROS† * Institute of Structural Analysis and Seismic Research, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, 15780, Greece, [email protected] † Institute of Structural Analysis and Seismic Research, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, 15780, Greece

Structural analysis methods were traditionally based on rigorous scientific procedures that are formed on mathematical methods and the principles of theoretical mechanics and are solved with the implementation of numerical simulation methods based on discretized continua. However, three decades ago new families of computational methods, denoted as soft computing (SC) methods, were proposed. These methods are based on heuristic approaches rather than on rigorous mathematics. Despite the fact that these methods were initially received with suspicion, their use in various areas of engineering science is continuously growing. Neural networks (NN), genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic are the most popular approaches of SC. An NN can store experimental knowledge and make it available for later use. It features adaptive learning, self-organizing capability during training and fault imprecision during applications. The main advantage of using NNs is that it can deal with problems that do not have an algorithmic solution or for which an algorithmic solution is too complex to be found. Over the last ten years NN have emerged as a powerful alternate tool for replacing time consuming numerical procedures in many engineering applications. Among others, NNs have been used for the identification of nonlinear dynamic systems and damage assessment. Predictions of the structural behavior by neural networks have been employed in the context of design optimization and structural reliability analysis. Among the most successful applications of SC methods is the incorporation of SC-based approximations into reliability analysis and structural optimization for predicting systems response [1,2]. In this study fragility analysis of three dimensional reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is performed following the HAZUS approach. This approach relies on the assumption that the demand values follow the lognormal distribution, thus the fragility curves are expressed in the form of a two-parameter (mean value and standard deviation) lognormal distribution where an optimization algorithm is implemented for calculating these two parameters for each limit state considered. In this work four limit states have been considered, therefore an eight parameter optimization problem is solved. In particular the Harmony Search algorithm, belonging to the class of metaheuristics, proved to be an efficient optimization method thus it is employed for solving the optimization problem at hand. Moreover in order to develop fragility curves, structural response estimates are required which are obtained either by means of nonlinear static or nonlinear dynamic procedures. In this work the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) methodology is implemented using 100 natural records associated with the area under consideration. In order to deal with the excessive computational effort required, a neural network approximation of the structural response is proposed resulting in a more than one order of magnitude reduction in the computational time. In the proposed NN-based methodology, uncertainty in demand is treated in a straightforward manner where large bins of records can be considered with little additional computational effort. The multi-storey three dimensional RC buildings shown in Figure 1 are considered for the numerical tests performed in this study. The test example is an eight storey RC building having a symmetrical plan view. The building has been designed according to Eurocodes for a minimum initial cost, following an optimization strategy proposed by Mitropoulou et al. [3]. The cross-sections of the beams and the columns are provided in [4], where hl×bl and ht×bt correspond to the cross sectional dimensions of horizontal and vertical beams, respectively. Concrete of class C20/25 (nominal cylindrical strength of 20 MPa) and steel of class S500 (nominal yield stress of 500 MPa) are assumed. The slab thickness is equal to 15 cm. In addition to the self-weight of beams and slabs, a distributed permanent load of 2 kN/m2 from floor finishing-partitions and an imposed load with nominal value of 1.5 kN/m2, are considered.

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The numerical investigation performed in this study comprises the NN prediction-capabilities, the development of the fragility curves, the calculation of the mean annual frequency of exceedance of the limit states and the required computing cost. For the purposes of this study 100 natural records were used, which are randomly selected from the three lists of records. These records have been chosen from the PEER strong-motion database [5] according to the following features: (i) events occurred in a specific area (longitude -124o to -115o, latitude 32o to 41o); (ii) moment magnitude (M) is equal to or greater than 5; (iii) epicentral distance (R) is smaller than 150 km. In the final part of this numerical investigation the computational cost of Figure 1: Eight storey test example the five cases considered is examined. The complete IDA curve (corresponding to a single record) is obtained with 20 nonlinear dynamic analyses, i.e. one record is scaled in 20 hazard levels of increased intensity up to collapse. For developing the fragility curves a number of complete IDA curves are required. Therefore, the total number of required analyses for obtaining the fragility curves are equal to the number of records multiplied by 20. In Table 1 the computational cost required for the different number of records along with the number of nonlinear dynamic FE analyses, shown in brackets, are provided. All runs were performed in a computing system with an Intel Core 2 Duo E4600 processor, clocked at 2.40 GHz.

Method HAZUS (No FEA) NN scheme IDA20 21.72 (400) 21.73 (400) IDA40 43.44 (800) 21.73 (400) IDA60 65.17 (1200) 21.73 (400) IDA80 86.89 (2400) 21.73 (400) IDA100 108.61 (2000) 21.73 (400) Table 1: Mean annual frequencies of limit-state exceedance The computational cost corresponding to the NN scheme is composed of: (a) the cost for assessing, by means of FE analysis, the structural response of the training sets, (b) the time required for performing training and testing of the NN and (c) the cost required for the prediction of the response. As can be seen in Table 1 the reduction of the computational effort achieved with the NN prediction is one order of magnitude. References [1] Papadrakakis M, Papadopoulos V, Lagaros ND. Structural Reliability analysis of elastic-plastic structures using neural networks and Monte Carlo simulation, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 1996, 136, 145-163. [2] Papadrakakis M. Lagaros ND. Reliability-based structural optimization using neural net-works and Monte Carlo simulation, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2002, 191(32): 3491-3507. [3] Mitropoulou ChCh, Lagaros ND, Papadrakakis M. Economic building design based on energy dissipation: a critical assessment, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2010, 8(6): 1375-1396,. [4] Mitropoulou ChCh, Lagaros ND, Papadrakakis M. Life-cycle cost assessment of optimally designed reinforced concrete buildings under seismic actions, Reliab Eng Syst Safety (2011), doi:10.1016/j.ress.2011.04.002. [5] http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/search.html/ Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER). (last accessed November 2010).

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Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Semi-Plenary Speech (IV) 1330-1410 (Plato 柏拉圖廳 A-03)

Exact Geometry based Quasi-Conforming Method

Ping HU*, Yang XIA†, Changsheng WANG† *†School of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Vehicle Engineering and Mechanics, State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China ([email protected])

The process of generating mesh for finite element analysis from computer-aided design (CAD) model is time consuming, which has become a major problem for swift analysis in computer-aided engineering (CAE) industry. Therefore the method which can integrate the CAD and CAE and analyze without mesh-generation is very useful. In 2003 Klaus Hollig introduced the finite element methods with B-splines, which combines the advantages of standard finite elements and B-spline representation and no mesh generation is needed (Klaus Hollig [2]). In 2005 T.J.Hughes developed Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBS) based Isogeometric analysis (IGA), emphasizing the connection of CAD and CAE (Huges, Cottrell and Bazilevs [3]). NURBS is part of numerical widely used standards in the CAD industry, such as IGES, STEP and ACIS; as a result the IGA is readily available for industry and develops fast in the past few years. IGA is defined by Hughes et al. as a novel method which combines the advantages of finite element method and meshless method, but from the view of finite element method (FEM), IGA can be classified as isoparametric univariate FEM. In this report we propose the exact geometry based quasi-conforming (EGQC) method, which develops non-isoparametric analysis framework with NURBS basis for exact geometry and polynomial basis for physical variable, and formulates with weaked strain-displacement relationship in the quasi-conforming (QC) framework (Tang, Chen and Liu [4]). In this scheme the geometry is described by NURBS and constructing a mesh of “elements”; the solution fields, such as displacements, temperature, etc., are presented by the polynomial basis and then discretized with the physical values of control points. The formulation is expressed as below taking the Euler beam element as an example. The weighted governing equation of Euler beam is

2 dwx  dw2 dw EI dx p wdx Q w M (1) 22   dx dx Q dx  M

EI is the bending stiffness, w is transverse deflection and p is the distributed load over the beam. Q and  M are natural boundaries where shear forces and bending moments are imposed respectively.

Take a typical element with domain x12, x  under consideration. The deflection is presented by polynomial basis and geometry by quadratic spline basis. Due to the simplicity of geometry, all of the weights are equal to 1. The equations are

2 TTx wPa 1 x aaa012 (2) 2

x  NC p  (3)

In the above equation N is the quadratic spline basis in the element domain and C p  are the control points. Through the weakening procedure, expression for the strain within the element is expressed as

xx22dw2 dw x x 2  adxdxnxdx   2 (4) 2 dx2 dx x  xx111 x 1 The critical procedure in EGQC is approximately evaluating the last part of equation (4) by the displacements of control points which are supported in the domain. For present formulation,

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dw dNT du wcp (5) dxx du dx i xi

Where u is the parameter by which the spline basis is expressed, and wcp represent displacements of the related control points. With the above equation the discretization of the beam element strain is formed and the rest of the formulations can be done similarly as the standard procedure of QC. The proposed scheme involves three components: exact geometry by NURBS, traditional polynomial expression of result fields in FEM, and the approximate integration. These components are integrated together by the QC framework, and the EGQC method is formed. In the scheme no mesh-generation is needed, just like the case in IGA. Emphases are made here that the EGQC have unique characters, which are different from IGA. First, present method breaks the isoparametric concept and the choosing of result fields is more flexible. This will bring convergence to many problems, such as the locking phenomena (Echter and Bischoff [1]). The second property is that the shape function of the EGQC is expression of domain physical variable as opposed to parametric variable, therefore the natural boundaries, especially concentrated load boundaries can be managed easily. The post-treatment to get the results of the physical domain from that of the control points are simplified as well. Third, strain field is constructed using displacements, which will deliver high precision and explicit stiffness matrix. All these three properties are proved in the numerical experiment with an Euler beam element. Results show the framework reported here gives polynomial-based finite element method the ability to analyze using exact geometry model without traditional mesh. References [1] Echter R, Bischoff M. Numerical efficiency, locking and unlocking of NURBS finite elements. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2010; 199: 374-382. [2] Höllig Klaus. Finite element methods with B-splines, Philadelpia, SIAM, 2003. [3] Hughes TJR, Cottrell JA, Bazilevs Y. Isogeometric analysis: CAD, finite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh refinement. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2005; 194: 4135-4195. [4] Tang LM, Chen WJ, Liu YX. Quasi-conforming elements for finite element analysis, Journal of Dalian Institute of Technology 1980; 19: 19-35.

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Tuesday, December 6 Time 1420-1600 Palto 柏拉圖廳 A-03 MS1-2 Minisymposium in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Herbert A. Mang Chair: Y.B. Yang & G. Hofstetter 1420-1440 MS01-06-IL [Invited Talk] Stochastic Structural Imperfections: Modeling and Simulation Manolis Papadrakakis, Vissarion Papadopoulos, George Stefanou and Dominique Shillinger 1440-1500 MS01-07-IL [Invited Talk] Wood Micromechanics: from Multiscale Modeling to Structural Application Karin Hofstetter, Josef Eberhardsteiner, Thomas K. Bader and Michael Dorn 1500-1520 MS01-08-IL [Invited Talk] Bending of Circular Piezoelectric Plates with Functionally Graded Material Properties Jan Sladek, Vladimir Sladek, Peter Stanak, Chuanzeng Zhang and Michael Wünsche 1520-1540 MS01-09-IL [Invited Talk] Free Vibration Analysis of Sandwich Beams with Fg Core By a Truly Meshfree Method Chuanzeng Zhang, Tinh Quoc Bui and Min-Chou Tsai 1540-1600 MS01-10-IL [Invited Talk] The Best of Two Worlds: the Expedite Boundary Element Method Ney Augusto Dumont and Carlos Andrés Aguilar Archimedes 阿基米得廳 A-04 MS26-2 Smoothed, Particle, Meshfree and Other Innovative Numerical Methods Chair: Xu Han 1420-1440 MS26-06-IL [Invited Talk] An Efficient Structural Reliability Analysis Technique Based on Local-Densifying Response Surface X. Han, Y.C. Bai and C. Jiang 1440-1500 MS26-07-IL [Invited Talk] A Truly Shape-Free Unsymmetric 8-Node Plane Element Song Cen, Guo-Hua Zhou and Xiang-Rong Fu 1500-1520 MS26-08 Hybrid Reliability Analysis for Structures with Probability and Interval Uncertainties Chao Jiang and Jie Liu 1520-1540 MS26-09 Rotation-Free Models for Analysis of Beams and Shells K.Y.Sze and Y.X.Zhou 1540-1600 MS26-10 Design Optimization Using Adaptive Radial Basis Function G. D. Chen, X. Han, G. P. Liu and C.Jiang

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Locke 洛克廳 A-05 MS21-2 Multiscale Damage and Failure Mechanics of Engineering Materials Chair: H. Eliot Fang & Jie Li 1420-1440 MS21-07-IL [Invited Talk] Effects of Fiber Cracking on Elastoplastic Damage Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites Yu-Fu Ko and Jiann-Wen Woody Ju 1440-1500 MS21-08-IL [Invited Talk] Fatigue Behaviors in Plate with an Elliptical Hole Kenji Shojima, Keiji Yanase and Masahiro Endo 1500-1520 MS21-09-IL [Invited Talk] Shear-Mode Fatigue Cracks from Inclusions Saburo Okazaki, Naoya Shomura, Hisao Matsunaga and Masahiro Endo 1520-1540 MS21-10 Dynamic Fracture Initiation and Fragmentation of Brittle Materials Jie Li and Qiao-Ping Huang 1540-1600 MS21-11 Modeling the Rate-Dependent Stochastic Response of Discrete Filament Networks Abhilash A. S, Prashant K. Purohit and Shailendra P. Joshi Da Vinci 達文西廳 C-01 MS17-2 Mechanics Behavior of Materials and Structures under Extreme Loading Chair: Zhen Chen & Duan Z. Zhang 1420-1440 MS17-07-IL [Invited Talk] A Rate-Dependent Damage Model for Brittle Materials Q.H. Ken Zuo and Joel D. Richter 1440-1500 MS17-08-IL [Invited Talk] Advancement on High Resolution Numerical Simulation of Explosion and Impact Problems Cheng Wang, Jianguo Ning, Haitao Zhao and Wenhu Han 1500-1520 MS17-09 A Computational Inverse Technique of Dynamic Load Reconstruction for Uncertain Structures Jie Liu and Chao Jiang 1520-1540 MS17-10 An Inverse Procedure for Determination of Encounter Condition on Projectile Penetrating Multilayer Medium Wei Zhang, Xu Han and Jie Liu 1540-1600 MS17-11 Reduction and Recovering Dynamic Method for Shear Wall with Irregular Openings Buntara-Sthenly Gan and Shuichi Sekine

41

Raphael 拉斐爾廳 C-02 MS8-2 Computational Methods in Geomechanics Chair: Shihai Li & Mingwu Yuan 1420-1440 MS08-07-IL [Invited Talk] Determination of Limiting Equilibrium State and Critical Slip Surface of Soil Slope Xiao-Yu Liu, Yin Zhao, Yang Liu and Shi-Hai Li 1440-1500 MS08-08 Slope Progressive Failure Analysis Based on Dimensionless Quantities of Cracks Zhang Qingbo, Li Shihai, Feng Chun, Wang Jie and Zhou Dong 1500-1520 MS08-09 Mesh Generation of Fractured Network System in Geological Problems Shuli Sun, Jie Sui, Mingwu Yuan 1520-1540 MS08-10 Study on Failure Mechanism of Jiweishan Landslide Based on Cdem Chun Feng, Shi-Hai Li and Ya-Nan Zhang 1540-1600 MS08-11 A Coupled Cfd/Dem Study on Sandpile Formation in Water Jidong Zhao and Tong Shan 1600-1620 MS08-12 Reliability Analysis of Slope Based on Probability Statistics and Cdem Dong Zhou, Shi-Hai Li Michelangelo 米開朗基羅廳 C-03 MS3-1 Advanced Finite Element and Meshfree Methods for Pdes Chair: Hsin-Yun Hu & J. S. Chen 1420-1440 MS03-01-IL [Invited Talk] The Continuation Algorithm with Galerkin Finite Element Method and Radial Basis Collocation Method for Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates Yin-Tzer Shih, Chih-Ching Tsai and Yu-Chen Lin 1440-1500 MS03-02 On the Nonparabolic Energy Relaxation Term Ren-Chuen Chen and Jinn-Liang Liu 1500-1520 MS03-03 The Influence of Solidification Thermal Residual Stress on Effective Properties of Giant Magnetostrictive Composites Juan-Juan Zhang and Yuan-Wen Gao

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Nietzsche 尼采廳 C-04 MS6-1 Bio- and Nano-Mechanics and Materials Chair: Luming Shen 1420-1440 MS06-01-IL [Invited Talk] Acoustic Bandgaps of Three-Dimensional Phononic Crystals with Helmholtz Resonators Jian-Bao Li, Yue-Sheng Wang and Chuanzeng Zhang 1440-1500 MS06-02 Vibration and Electric Field Effect of a Deformed Microtubule Yuan-Wen Gao and Le An 1500-1520 MS06-03 Multiscale Modeling of Poroelastic Biological Materials with Application to Bones Judy Yang and J. S. Chen 1520-1540 MS06-04 Atomistic Simulation of Surface Dislocation Nucleation in Fivefold Twinned Nanowires Yonggang Zheng, Hongwu Zhang, Zhen Chen and Hongfei Ye 1540-1600 MS06-05 Dislocation-Based Multi-Scale Computational Model of Crystal Plasticity at Submicron Scales Z. Zhuang, Zl. Liu and Y. Gao

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Tuesday, December 6 Time: 16:20-18:00 Palto 柏拉圖廳 A-03 MS1-3 Minisymposium in Honor of the 70th Birthday of Herbert A. Mang Chair: G. Yagawa & G. Meschke 1620-1640 MS01-11-IL [Invited Talk] Computational Micro-Structural Engineering in Biological and Biomedical Materials: How Applied Multiscale Mechanics May Support Life Sciences Christian Hellmich, Jenny Vuong, Andreas Fritsch, Lukas Eberhardsteiner and Stefan Scheiner 1640-1700 MS01-12-IL [Invited Talk] Investigation of Coupled Geometrical and Mechanical Feedback Control in Bone Remodeling – A Theoretical Approach Peter Pivonka, Stefan Scheiner, Pascal Buenzli and David Smith 1700-1720 MS01-13-IL [Invited Talk] Buckling of Hyperbolic Uhsf-Rc Cooling Towers? an Old Question apart from New Material Parameters Xin Jia and Herbert A. Mang 1720-1740 MS01-14-IL [Invited Talk] Applying Digital Image Correlation Method to Experiment of Geometric Nonlinear Behavior Ming-Hsiang Shih, Jui-Ling Peng, Yeong-Bin Yang and Shyh-Rong Kuo Archimedes 阿基米得廳 A-04 MS26-3 Smoothed, Particle, Meshfree and Other Innovative Numerical Methods Chair: Moubin Liu 1620-1640 MS26-11-IL [Invited Talk] Numerical Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Nanowires: A Review Yuantong Gu, Haifei Zhan and Xu Xu 1640-1700 MS26-12 Study on Bandgaps of Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystals with Cross-Like Holes By Finite Element Method Yan-Feng Wang and Yue-Sheng Wang 1700-1720 MS26-13 Bandgap Calculation for Plane Waves Propagating in 2d Phononic Crystals By Dirichlet-To-Neumann Map Ni Zhen, Yue-Sheng Wang and Ch. Zhang 1720-1740 MS26-14 Mode Analysis of End-Milling Process By Recursive Algorithm Moonchul Yoon and Jeeyun Cho 1740-1800 MS26-15 Discrete Singular Convolution for Parametric Instability of a Beam Subjected to a Periodic Axial Force and Bending Moment Wei Li and Zhiwei Song 1800-1820 MS26-16 A Cluster Particle Dynamics (Cpd) for Multiscale Computation Xu Xu and Yuantong Gu

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Locke 洛克廳 A-05 MS21-3 Multiscale Damage and Failure Mechanics of Engineering Materials Chair: Keiji Yanase & Xiaoying Zhuang 1620-1640 MS21-12-IL [Invited Talk] Multi-Scale Damage Analysis for Fiber Reinforced Concrete Jie Li and Xiaodan Ren 1640-1700 MS21-13-IL [Invited Talk] Williams Element for Reflective Cracking in Asphalt Overlay Lufeng Yang, Zhenping She and Hua Xu 1700-1720 MS21-14 Two-Scale Analysis Method for a Conductive Transfer Problem with Radiation Boundary Conditions in Periodically Perforated Domains Qiang Ma and Junzhi Cui 1720-1740 MS21-15 Second-Order Two-Scale Analysis Method for Bending Behaviors of Composite Plate with 3-D Small Periodic Configuration Zi-Qiang Wang and Jun-Zhi Cui 1740-1800 MS21-16 Multiscale Modeling Scheme for Cementitious Materials Zhiwei Qian, Erik Schlangen, Guang Ye and Klaas Van Breugel 1800-1820 MS21-17 Combined Positive-Negative and Hydrostatic-Deviatoric Splits of Stress for Construction of 3D Damage Models Ji Zhang, Xiao-Dan Ren and Jie Li Da Vinci 達文西廳 C-01 MS11-1 Contact and Interfacial Mechanics for Power Transmission Systems Chair: James Chang 1620-1640 MS11-01 Distribution of Stresses in the Vicinity of Contact Interfaces in Thin Elastic-Plastic Disks Sergey Alexandrov, Elena Lyamina and Yeau-Ren Jeng 1640-1700 MS11-02 Modeling the Influence of Ellipsoidal Material Inhomogeneity on Rolling Contact Fatigue Life Xiaoqing Jin, Xiaolan Ai, Katherine E. Campbell, Leon M. Keer and Qian Wang 1700-1720 MS11-03 Elastohydrodynamic Contact and Fatigue of Gear Tooth Surfaces H P Evans and R W Snidle 1720-1740 MS11-04 A Micro-Tribological Model for Start-Up Running of Interface under Cold Conditions Jonah H. Lee, Gang Sheng and Jen-Yuan (James) Chang

45

Raphael 拉斐爾廳 C-02 MS8-3 Computational Methods in Geomechanics Chair: Xikui Li 1620-1640 MS008-13-IL [Invited Talk] Discrete Particle Assembly - Cosserat Continuum Modeling of Granular Materials Xi-Kui Li, Jun-Bo Zhang and Ke Wan 1640-1700 MS08-14 Studies on the Bearing Capacity and Strain Localization of Granular Materials Based on Cosserat Continuum Theory: A Non-Associated Flow Rule with Evolution of the Dilation Angle Xihua Chu, Cun Yu and Yuanjie Xu 1700-1720 MS08-15 Application of 3d Dda Coupled with Fem to Simulate Jiweishan Rockslide Jun Liu and Nan Zheng 1720-1740 MS08-16 Numerical Simulation of Rock Breakage and Its Acoustic Emission with Discrete Element Model Shun-Ying Ji, Shao-Cheng Di and Peng-Fei Li 1740-1800 MS08-17 High Order Meshfree Method for Saturated Porous Media with Strain Smoothing Qinglin Duan Michelangelo 米開朗基羅廳 C-03 MS3-2 Advanced Finite Element and Meshfree Methods for Pdes Chair: Yin-Tzer Shih & Ren-Chuen Chen 1620-1640 MS03-05-IL [Invited Talk] Adaptive Weighted Least-Squares/Discontinuous Galerkin Approximations for the Oldroyd-B Model Tsu-Fen Chen and Chia-Chen Liu 1640-1700 MS03-06 Strong and Weak Coupling of Finite Element and Reproducing Kernel Approximations Hsin-Yun Hu and J. S. Chen 1700-1720 MS03-07 Finite Element Approximation for Reconstruction of Free-Form Surface Arising from Geometric Optical Design Yu-Lin Tsai, Ming-Chiang Jiang and Chin-Tien Wu 1720-1740 MS03-08 Nonlinear Transient Electro-Mechanical Response of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Beams Jie Yang, Sritawat Kitipornchai and Ting Yan

46

Nietzsche 尼采廳 C-04 MS6-2 Bio- and Nano-Mechanics and Materials Chair: Yue-Sheng Wang 1620-1640 MS06-06-IL [Invited Talk] Atomic-Scale Friction Modulation Using Parallel Vibration Yilun Liu, Luming Shen and Quanshui Zheng 1640-1700 MS06-07 Torsional Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes Filled By Metal Atoms Lei Wang, Zhongqiang Zhang and Yonggang Zheng 1700-1720 MS06-08 Gold Nanoparticles Penetrate into Lipid Membranes: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study Jia-Qi Lin, Hong-Wu Zhang, Yong-Gang Zheng and Zhen Chen 1720-1740 MS06-09 Bending Behaviors of Graphene Sheets Induced By Adsorption of Peptides: A Molecular Dynamics Study Yuan Cheng, Zuoqi Zhang, Zhishiun Teo and Huajian Gao 1740-1800 MS06-10 Pod-Based Model Order Reduction for Molecular Dynamics Systems with Radial Basis Represented Force Fields Chung-Hao Lee and Jiun-Shyan Chen

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Wednesday, December 7, 2011

Plenary Speech (V) 0900-0940 (the Forum 國際會議廳)

Stabilized Galerkin and Collocation Meshfree Methods

J. S. CHEN†, Sheng-Wei CHI†, and Hsin-Yun HU*

†Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA ([email protected]) *Dept. of Mathematics, Tunghai University, Taichung, TAIWAN Abstract Meshfree methods have been developed based on Galerkin type weak formulation and strong formulation with collocation. Galerkin type formulation in conjunction with the compactly supported approximation functions with polynomial reproducibility yields algebraic convergence, while strong form collocation method with nonlocal approximation such as radial basis functions offers exponential convergence. In this work, we discuss rank instability resulting from the nodal integration of Galerkin type meshfree method as well as the illconditioning type instability in the radial basis collocation method. We present the recent advances in resolving these difficulties in meshfree methods, and demonstrate how meshfree methods can be applied to problems difficult to be modeled by the conventional finite element methods due to their intrinsic regularity constraints. Main Results In this work, special attention has been devoted to the spatial instability resulting from rank deficiency of the nodally integrated Galerkin meshfree method as well as the ill-conditioning of strong form collocation method when global approximation functions such as the radial basis functions are used. It is shown that with the proper treatment of the rank instability using stabilization methods such as stabilized conforming nodal integration (SCNI) [1,2] and modified SCNI [3,4] in the nodally integrated Galerkin meshfree method, the resulting numerical technique offers high accuracy and can be applied to problems where FEM is ineffective due to its regularity constraints. Fragment-impact problems have been modelled by the semi-Lagrangian reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) with SCNI stabilization [5,6]. Meshfree methods based on strong form collocation, such as the radial basis collocation method (RBCM) [7], is an attractive alternative due to its simplicity in implementation and the exponential convergence property. This class of meshfree methods, however, is suffered from its dense matrix and the associated ill-conditioning when performing model refinement. The nonlocality in the RBFs also weakens its applicability to problems with local features, for example, modelling of heterogeneous media and fractures. The recent advancements in the localized version of RBCM, namely, L-RBCM [8,9] and reproducing kernel colocation method (RKCM) [10], have shown to successfully remedy the above said difficulties. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the semi-Lagrangian RKPM [5,6] with SCNI by modeling the process of a bullet penetrating through a concrete plate given in [12]. In this simulation, a micro-crack informed damage model [11] has been used in conjunction with the stabilization methods. A semi-Lagrangian RKPM model with the projectile and panel discretized using 1,163 nodes and 190,000 nodes, respectively, is used. The numerical and experimental damage patterns of the exit face [12] are compared in Fig.1 and 2 for single and multiple hits, respectively, and good agreement is observed.

Figure 1: Experimental and numerical damage patterns of a concrete plate been penetrated by a bullet1

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(a) (b) Figure 2: Comparison of post-test results from triple impact experiment on concrete plate (a) RKPM back view1 and b) experimental back view 1Visualization of numerical simulations courtesy of ERDC Data Analysis and Assessment Center References [1] Chen, J.S., Wu, C.T. Yoon, S., You, Y. A. Stabilized Conforming Nodal Integration for Galerkin Meshfree Methods. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2001, 50: 435-466. [2] Chen, J.S., Yoon, S., Wu, C.T. Nonlinear Version of Stabilized Conforming Nodal Integration for Galerkin Meshfree Methods. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2002 53: 2587-2615. [3] Puso, M., Chen, J.S., Zywick, E., Elmer, W. Meshfree and Finite Element Nodal Integration Methods. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2008, 74: 416–446. [4] Chen, J.S., Hu, W., Puso, M. Orbital HP-Cloud for Schrödinger Equation in Quantum Mechanics. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 196: 3693-3705. [5] Chen, J.S., Wu, Y., Guan, P.C., Teng, H., Gaidos, J., Hofstetter, K., Alsaleh, A. Semi-Lagrangian Reproducing Kernel Formulation for Modeling Earth Moving Operations. M. Mechanics of Materials, 2009, 41: 670-683. [6] Guan, P.C., Chi, S.W., Chen, J.S., Slawson, T.R., Roth, M.J. Semi-Lagrangian Reproducing Kernel Particle Method for Fragment-Impact Problems, accepted. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2011. [7] Hu, H.Y., Chen, J.S., Hu, W. Weighted Radial Basis Collocation Method for Boundary Value Problems. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2007, 69: 2736-2757. [8] Chen, J.S., Hu, W., Hu, H.Y. Reproducing Kernel Enhanced Local Radial Basis Collocation Method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2008, 75: 600-627. [9] Wang, L., Chen, J.S., Hu, H.Y. Subdomain Radial Basis Collocation Method for Fracture Mechanics. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng., 2010, 83: 851-876. [10] Hu, H.Y., Chen, J.S. Perturbation and Stability Analysis of Strong Form Collocation with Reproducing Kernel Approximation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, DOI: 10.1002/nme.3168, 2011. [11] Ren, X., Chen, J.S., Li, J. Micro-cracks Informed Damage Models for Brittle Solids. accepted. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2011, Vol. 48, 1560–1571. [12] Roth, M.J., Chen, J.S., Slawson, T.R., Boone, R.N., Ren, X., Chi, S.W., Lee, C.H., Guan, P.C. Multiscale RKPM Formulation for Modeling Penetration of an Ultra High-Strength Concrete Material. Proceeding, Third International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, May 26-28, 2011, Corfu, Greece.

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Wednesday, December 7, 2011

Semi-Plenary Speech (V) 0940-1020 (the Forum 國際會議廳)

Recent Developments in Shell Finite Elements for Large Deformation Analysis

G. A. PAYETTE* and J. N. REDDY*† *Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123 †e-mail: [email protected]

In this paper we present a degenerate shell finite element formulation based on a seven parameter expansion of the displacement field [1-3]. The present formulation is applicable to general shell structures. Use of high-order spectral/hp interpolants in the numerical implementation naturally leads to a finite element model that is completely locking free. Furthermore, we find that high-order elements allow for extremely accurate approximations of arbitrary shell geometries. This constitutes an important departure from the tensor based shell finite element formulation proposed previously in the work of Arciniega and Reddy [2, 3], where a chart was employed to insure exact parameterization of the shell mid-surface. In the current research, the developed shell finite element framework is utilized in the linear and nonlinear analysis of elastic shell structures. For the nonlinear case, we will employ the St. Venant Kirchhoff material model. In addition, the present formulation avoids need for a rotation tensor in the description of the deformation. The formulation requires as input the 3-D coordinates of the shell mid-surface as well as a set of directors (unit normals to the mid-surface), for each node in the shell finite element model. As a result, the actual shell mid-surface as well as the unit normal to the shell mid-surface, are each approximated using the standard finite element interpolation functions within a given shell element. The error associated with approximation of the shell geometry may therefore be reduced through an appropriate use of p-refinement. In this work we utilize a family of finite elements constructed using high polynomial order interpolation functions. The two-dimensional functions are constructed from tensor products of the one-dimensional spectral interpolants which may be determined using the following formula

11 Lp   j  (6) pp1 Lpj  j 

where Lp  is the Legendre polynomial of order p. The quantities j represent the locations of the nodes associated with the one-dimensional interpolants (with respect to the natural coordinate  ). The one-dimensional nodal points are defined as  the roots of 11Lp   0 in 1, 1 . The two-dimensional interpolation functions required in our analysis are constructed from simple tensor products of the one-dimensional interpolation functions as

ˆ e ijk ,in      0 (7) where ijk 11 p  and jk,1,,1 p .

The numerical solution of an example problem taken from the literature is shown in Fig. 1. In this problem we consider an isotropic linearly elastic circular cylindrical shell that is restrained radially by diaphragms at its ends and loaded by two equal opposing forces acting on the shell’s mid-surface. The numerical results obtained using the developed shell element are in excellent agreement with the most accurate numercal results found in the literature. In fact, the shell element is able to accurately predict the radial displacement along section DC of the pinched cylinder (which is by far the most challenging convergence study for this problem; a result that is rarely reported in the literature).

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(a) (b) (c)

Figure 1: Mechanical response of a pinched cylinder with rigid end diaphragms: (a) Geometry of pinched cylinder (b) Finite element discretization of the undeformed mid-surface of the cylinder. Due to symmetry, only an octant of the cylinder is modeled (c) Finite element solution of deformed mid-surface of the cylinder (magnified by a factor of 5106).

Acknowledgement The research results reported herein were obtained while the authors were supported by MURI09 grant FA-9550-09-1-0686 from Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

References [1] Bischoff M and Ramm E.On the physical significance of higher order kinematic and static variables in a three-dimensional shell formulation, International Journal of Solids Structures, 2000, 37: 6933-6960, 2000. [2] Arciniega RA. and Reddy JN. Tensor-based finite element formulation for geometrically nonlinear analysis of shell structures, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 196 (4-6): 1048-1073. [3] Arciniega RA and Reddy JN. Large Deformation Analysis of Functionally Graded Shells, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2007, 44 (6): 2036-2052.

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Wednesday, December 7, 2011

Semi-Plenary Speech (VI) 0940-1020 (Locke 洛克廳 A-05)

Numerical Simulation of Impact and explosion problems with material point method

Xiong ZHANG*, Yan Ping LIAN†, Peng Fei YANG†, Yan LIU† * School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA ([email protected]) † School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, CHINA

Dynamic response of material and structure under impact and blast loading involves extremely large deformation, multi-physics coupling and nonlinearities. Material Point Method (MPM) [1, 2], which makes use of both Lagrangian and Eulerian description of material, is suitable for modeling problems with extreme large deformation. The basic formulation of MPM and our extension on MPM for impact and explosion problems are briefly presented in this talk. In explosion problems simulation, material usually undergoes extreme large ductile deformation without fracture, where numerical fracture was observed in the MPM. Therefore an adaptive particle splitting scheme in the direction with the largest deformation is proposed [3], which has been successful applied to solve explosion problems. Contact event is very common in the impact problems. The standard MPM with no-slip contact condition automatically satisfied was unable to treat the problems involving impact and penetration very well. Therefore a contact algorithm with contact/sliding/separation description is proposed [4], which has been successful applied to solve penetration problem. And an improved contact detection scheme is proposed to avoid contact occurring earlier than the actual time [5]. In order to take advantages both of MPM and finite element method (FEM), a series of work on coupling FEM with MPM has been conducted, which has been successful applied to solve hyper-velocity impact problem and penetration problem. Firstly, an explicit material point finite element method for hyper-velocity impact simulation is presented [6], in which the material domain is discretized by a mesh of finite elements but the momentum equations are solved on a computational grid fixed in space in the material subdomain covered by the predefined background grid and solved on the FE mesh elsewhere. Then, another coupled scheme is proposed, in which the body with large deformation is modeled by MPM, while the body with mild deformation is modeled by FEM [7]. The interaction between two bodies is handled by contact method and the FE nodes located on the contact interface are treated as special particles. Finally, an algorithm to automatically convert distorted finite elements into particles during dynamic deformation is proposed. Based on these, one can model the materials region by FEM initially, which can be converted to particles during dynamic deformation with specified criteria. Furthermore, a hybrid material point – finite element method is presented to predict the dynamic response of reinforced concrete subjected to blast and impact load, in which the truss element in the traditional finite element method is incorporated into the MPM to model the reinforced steel bars, which has been applied to the perforation of projectile to a reinforced concrete slab [8]. With shared memory OpenMP scheme and MPI scheme, the parallel MPM is developed [9, 10], which can be used for large-scale model simulation or small-scale model simulation with high-resolution level. In order to avoid data races with OpenMP scheme, the array expansion method and the domain decomposition method are presented [9], which has been successful applied to solve hypervelocity impact problem such as debris cloud simulation. Besides, an alternated grid updating parallel algorithm for MPM using OpenMP is proposed [10], which only need minor modifications to the original serial code and is much easier to achieve dynamic load balance. As MPM makes use of both mesh and particle data, it is more expensive in terms of storage than other methods. Therefore, several schemes are developed to reduce the memory requirement and computational cost, including the local multi-mesh contact algorithm, dynamic internal state variables for materials, dynamic grid and moving grid technique [5]. All of the above are implemented in our 3D explicit parallel MPM code, MPM3D, which is developed using object-oriented design by C++ program language with Qt, VTK and CMake, and can be run on different platforms including Windows, Linux and Mac OS. Several constitutive models, equations of state (EOS) and failure models have been implemented in our MPM3D code, such as Johnson-Cook material model for metal, Holmqusit-Johnson-Cook model and RHT model for concrete, JH2 model for ceramic, Drucker-Prager model for soil and rock, Mooney-Rivlin model for rubber, Gurson model for elastic-plastic solid with

52 void, Polynomial EOS, Jones-Wilkins-Lee EOS and Gruneisen EOS. Several numerical examples such as shock tube [11], explosively driven flyer [12], shaped charge [3], debris cloud [6,9,11], projectile penetration of steel plate [4,7] and reinforced concrete [8], slope slide [4], metal cutting are presented to demonstrate the application of MPM3D, which shows that MPM3D is a powerful tool for impact and explosion simulation.

References [1] Sulsky D, Chen Z, Schreyer HL. A particle method for history-dependent materials. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 1994; 118(1-2): 179-96. [2] Sulsky D, Zhou SJ, Schreyer HL. Application of a particle-in-cell method to solid mechanics. Computer Physics Communications 1995; 87(1-2): 236-52. [3] Ma S, Zhang X, Lian YP and Zhou X. Simulation of high explosive explosion using adaptive material point method. CMES: Computer Modelling in Engineering & Sciences 2009; 39(2): 101-123. [4] Huang P, Zhang X and Huang XC. Contact algorithms for the material point method in impact and penetration simulation. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2011; 85(4): 498-517. [5] Ma ZT, Zhang X and Huang P. An object-oriented MPM framework for simulation of large deformation and contact on numerous grains. CMES: Computer Modelling in Engineering & Sciences 2010; 55(1): 61-88. [6] Zhang X, Sze KY and Ma S. An explicit material point finite element method for hyper velocity impact. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 2006; 66: 689-706. [7] Lian YP, Zhang X and Liu Y. Coupling of finite element method and material point method by local multmesh contact method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2011; 200: 3482-3494. [8] Lian YP, Zhang X, Zhou X and Ma ZT. A FEMP method and its application in modelling dynamic response of reinforced concrete subjected to impact loading. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 2011; 200(17-20): 1659-1670. [9] Huang P, Zhang X, Ma S and Wang HK. Shared memory OpenMP parallelization of explicit MPM and its application to hypervelocity impact. CMES: Computer Modelling in Engineering & Sciences 2008; 38(2): 119-148. [10] Zhang YT, Zhang X and Liu Y. An alternated grid updating parallel algorithm for material point method using OpenMP. CMES: Computer Modelling in Engineering & Sciences 2010; 69(2): 143-165. [11] Ma S, Zhang X and Qiu XM. Comparison study of MPM and SPH in modelling hypervelocity impact problems. International Journal of Impact Engineering 2009; 36: 272-282. [12] Lian YP, Zhang X, Zhou X, Ma S and Zhao YL. Numerical simulation of explosively driven metal by material point method. International Journal of Impact Engineering 2011; 38(4): 237-245.

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Wednesday, December 7 Time 1040-1220 Archimedes 阿基米得廳 A-04 MS24 Particle-Based Simulation for Granular Flows Chair: Fu-Ling Yang

1040-1100 MS24-01-IL [Invited Talk] Outlined Sub-Domain Technique for Calculating Particle Interactions in Sph Simulations Naohiro Kawada and Buntara-Sthenly Gan 1100-1120 MS24-02 Dem Study on the Effects of Micro-Parameters on the Peak Strength Behavior of Synthetic Rock Mass Jian-Feng Wang and Dan Huang 1120-1140 MS24-03 Effects of Friction Parameter of Discrete Elements to Flow Behavior in Rotating Drum Wei-Lin Lo, Yung-Ta Huang, Wei-Tze Chang, Fu-Ling Yang, Chuin-Shan Chen and Shang-Hsien Hsieh 1140-1200 MS24-04 Extension of Vedo System for Cfd-Des Hybrid Simulation Wei-Tze Chang, Shang-Hsien Hsieh, Fu-Ling Yang, Chuin-Shan Chen and Shin-Ruei Lin 1200-1220 MS24-05 Analysis of Granular Flow Field in Rotating Drum By Using the Continuum Model Shu-San Hsiau and Shang-Yu Liu Locke 洛克廳 A-05 MS18 Mechanical Simulation on Mesoscopic/ Nanoscale/Atomistic Computational Materials Chair: Wen-Jay Lee 1040-1100 MS18-01 Simulation Studies of Edge and Temperature Dependence of Tensile Mechanical Properties for Graphene Nanoribbons Li-Ting Xiong and Yuan-Wen Gao 1100-1120 MS18-02 Deformation Twin and Hierarchical Twin/Fault Structure in Copper: Molecular Dynamic Study Kaiguo Chen, San-Qiang Shi and Jian Lu 1120-1140 MS18-03 Atomistic Simulation of Deformation Behavior in Magnesium Single Crystal Ya-Fang Guo, Xiao-Zhi Tang, Hong-Gang Qi and Yue-Sheng Wang 1140-1200 MS18-04 Truncated Quasiharmonic Method for Finite Temperature System Yan-Yu Chen and Chuin-Shan Chen 1200-1220 MS18-05 Atomistic Investigation of Nanoindentation Size Effect and Geometrical Necessary Dislocations Chi-Hua Yu, Chih-Yang Chan and Chuin-Shan Chen 1220-1240 MS18-06 Elastic Analysis of Composites with Periodic Reinforcements Kun Zhou

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Da Vinci 達文西廳 C-01 MS11-2 Contact and Interfacial Mechanics for Power Transmission Systems Chair: Jane Wang & Yi Zhou 1040-1100 MS11-05 A Theoretical Approach for Estimating Interfacial Forces and Wear of Synchronous Belt Gang Sheng and Jen-Yuan (James) Chang 1100-1120 MS11-06 Contact Analysis for Plastically Graded Materials Based on a Fast Semi-Analytical Method Zhanjiang Wang, Shuangbiao Liu, Xiaoqing, Jin, Leon M. Keer, Nagaraj K. Arakere and Q. Jane Wang 1120-1140 MS11-07 A General Matrix Solution for the Elastic Quarter Space Z.M Zhang and W. Wang 1140-1200 MS11-08 Numerical Analysis for Lubricated Performance of Water Lubricated Rubber Bearing Jiaxu Wang, Yi Zhou and Gongxun Li 1200-1220 MS11-09 Simulation of Rough Surface Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Considering Plastic Deformation and Material Work-Hardening Dong Zhu Raphael 拉斐爾廳 C-02 MS16 Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures Chair: I-Ling Chang & Takayuki Kitamura 1040-1100 MS16-01-IL [Invited Talk] Multi-Physics in Low-Dimensional Nano-Components Takayuki Kitamura, Takashi Sumigawa and Takahiro Shimada 1100-1120 MS16-02 Thermal Response of Microcantilever Modified with Self-Assembled Monolayers Tzu-Hsuan Chang and Chuin-Shan Chen 1120-1140 MS16-03 Twist of (111)-Silicon Nanowire: A Scc-Dftb Study Yu-Ching Shih, Jiunn-Horng Lee, Chih-Ting Lin, Chuin-Shan Chen and Kuang-Chong Wu 1140-1200 MS16-04 First-Principles Study of Structural and Elastic Properties of Hexagonal Cuin Intermetallic Compounds Ching-Feng Yu, Hsien-Chie Cheng and Wen-Hwa Chen 1200-1220 MS16-05 The Resonance Analysis of Carbon Nanotubes from Molecular Dynamics I-Ling Chang 1220-1240 MS16-06 Size Effect on Nonlinear Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Microbeams Liao-Liang Ke and Yue-Sheng Wang

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Michelangelo 米開朗基羅廳 C-03 MS15 Load-Carrying Capacities of Two-Layer Shoring Structures Used in Construction Chair: Jui-Lin Peng 1040-1100 MS15-01-IL [Invited Talk] Normalization of the Impact-Echo Spectrum Yiching Lin, Chia-Chi Cheng and Keng-Tsang Hsu 1100-1120 MS15-02 Using One Impact and One Receiver to Evaluate Debonding of Steel Plate Strengthened Concrete Chia-Chi Cheng, Ying-Tzu Ke and Tsung-Che Liu 1120-1140 MS15-03 Variation of the Limiting Elastic Moment for Singly Symmetric Girders Wei-Ting Hsu, Dung-Myau Lue and Chi-Ling Pan 1140-1200 MS15-04 Effective Design of Knee Braced Moment Resisting Frames Yu-Ting Wang and Hsieh-Lung Hsu 1200-1220 MS15-05 Load-Carrying Capacities of Two-Layer Shoring Structures Used in Construction Jui-Lin Peng, Pao-Li Wang, Chong-Ming He and Siu-Lai Chan Nietzsche 尼采廳 C-04 MS5 Analytical Techniques in Elasticity of Advanced Materials Chair: LAM, Heung Fai 1040-1100 MS05-01 Investigation of folding and recovery responses of shape memory composite tape spring Zhengdao Wang and Zhengfa Li 1100-1120 MS05-02 Effect of materials properties on band structures of phononic crystals composed of functionally graded materials Xing-Liang Su and Yuan-Wen Gao 1120-1140 MS05-03 Orthotropic Biot Strain and its 2D Numerical Solution David C. Kellermann and Mario M. Attard 1140-1200 MS05-04 Parameter Transfer and Modal Transfer for Asymptotic Analytic Perturbation Solution of Large Scale Zhao-Chang ZHENG 1200-1220 MS05-05 Application of Rayleigh’s Formalism to Multiferroic Fibrous Composites Hsin-Yi Kuo 1220-1240 MS05-06 Adaptive Eigenstructure Assignment and Piezoelectric Actuation on Vibration Isolation Control and Structural Acoustic Reduction Tian-Yau Wu

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Information about Taiwan

Climate

The average temperature is about 17.5°C (63.5°F) in December at Taipei. For the current weather forecast, you could check on line http://www.cwb.gov.tw/eng/index.htm Currency and Banks

The New Taiwan Dollar (NT$) is the national currency. One US dollar is equal to about 30.2 NT dollars. Foreign currency can be exchanged at hotels, airports and government-designated banks. Major credit cards are widely accepted, and traveler’s checks may be accepted by tourist-oriented shops and at most international tourist hotels and banks. Banks open whole day from 09:00 to 15:30, Monday-Friday and closed at weekend and public holidays. Electricity

110 Volts / 60HZ A.C. Time Zone

Taiwan is 8 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) Transportation  MRT The Taipei Metro or MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) run by the city government provides the most convenient commuting service in Taipei. Eight lines are presently operated. For more information please check on-line: http://www.trtc.com.tw/  Bus There are more than 300 bus lines and the major transfer hub is around Taipei Main Station. The bus system is extremely comprehensive, but can be difficult for non-Chinese speakers. Buses do not provide change. Most bus services run until 23:00.  Taxi Taxis are plenty, fast transportation in Taipei, and the rate is reasonable. English Taxi Driver Association (Tel: (02)27997997) provides taxi drivers with a certificate for speaking English. However, most taxi drivers cannot speak or read English, so providing the destination in Chinese characters or a map is helpful.  Airport By Airport Buses You can take Toward You Air Bus (East Line NO. 2060). The fair is NT$145 and it’s about 60 mins from

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airport to Taipei City. To Leader Hotel or GisNTU, you can take the MRT from Zhungxiao Fuxing station to Gongguan station; to reach Howard Hotel – International House Taipei, you can get off at MRT Zhungxiao Fuxing station and take a taxi.

By Airport Taxi Taxi queues are outside the Arrival Halls of both terminals. To ensure the safety of Taoyuan passengers, only the taxis approved by the Aviation Police Bureau are permitted to operate in Airport. The average fare (plus surchange) to Taipei is about NT$1,200. Taipei Metro Route Map

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Taipei Travel Information

National Palace Museum 國立故宮博物院

One of the five best museums in the world, with collection of bronzes, jades, shell-and-bone writings, paintings, and calligraphy works ranging form the Neolithic Age through the end of the Qing Dynasty. Form Shilin station on the Danshui Line, take the bus Red 30, 304, 255, little 18, or little 19 bus to the National Palace Museum stop. 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (365 days) Danshui Attraction 淡水風景區

It is the tourist attraction flooded in with more crowds of people at weekends. Popular sights including Fisherman’s Wharf, Hongmao Castle, Bali Leftbank Park, Shihsanhang and Museum of Archeology. At the Danshui station on the Danshui Line. Beitou Hot Spring 北投溫泉

Beitou is the well-known Hot Spring Resort in the northern Taiwan rising form volcanoes’ geothermal energy. Beitou Hot Spring Museum and Taiwan Folk Arts Museum are the most popular sights in this area. At the Xinbeitou station on the Danshui Line. Yangming Park 陽明山國家公園

The park contains all kinds of flowers, and attracts large crowds of visitors during the Taipei Flower Season. From Jiantan station on the Danshui Line, take Bus 260 or the Red 5 bus to the Yanmingshan bus stop. Taipei Astronomical Museum 台北市立天文科學教育館

Displays of all kinds of instruments related to astronomical science. Exhibits and observation are used to give visitors information and experiences as though they had traveled to space themselves. Form Shilin station on the Danshui Line, walk about 10 minutes in the direction of the Jihe Road. Sunday and Tuesday – Friday : 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM Saturday : 9:00 AM – 8:00 PM

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National Taiwan Science Education Center 國立台灣科學教育館

A place for learning that combines science with daily life and allows visitors to participate in and gain the latest knowledge about science. Offers education, exhibition, research, and experimentation function. At the Shilin station on the Danshui Line, depart via Exit 1 and walk in the direction of the Jihe Road for about 15 minutes. Tuesday - Friday : 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (no entry after 4:00 PM) Saturday and Sunday : 9:00 AM – 7:00 PM (no entry after 6:00 PM) Shilin Official Residence 士林官邸

This is where the late President Chiang Kai-shek lived with Madame Chiang. Encompasses the Shilin Horticulture Garden, Horticulture Gallery, European Garden, Chinese Garden, Xinlan Pavilion and fountain. From the Shilin station on the Danshui Line, walk about 5 minutes in the direction of Fulin Road. Monday - Friday : 8:30 AM – 5:00 PM Saturday and Sunday : 8:00 AM – 7:00 PM Miramar Entertainment Park 美麗華百樂園

A shopping and entertainment complex with Taiwan’s first 100-meter Ferris wheel. From the Jiantan station on the Danshui Line, take the free shuttle bus to the Miramar Entertainment Park; alternatively, take public bus 267 or 902 to the Miramar stop. Ferris wheel : 11:00 AM - 12:00 Midnight Cinemas : 11:00 AM – 12:00 Midnight Sunday –Thursday, 9:00 AM – 1:00 AM Friday and Saturday. Martyrs Shrine 忠烈祠

This structure in the style of the National Palace’s Taihe Hall is a landmark of the Yuanshan area. Colorful changing of the guard ceremony every hour on the hour form 9:00 AM to 4:40 PM. From the Jiantan station on the Danshui Line, take the public bus 267 to the Martyrs Shrine stop. 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM Half-day on Mar. 29 and Sept. 3; closed Mar. 28 and Sept. 2

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Taipei Municipal Children’s Recreation Center 台北市立兒童育樂中心 This complex contains three theme areas: World of Yesterday, World of Today, and World of Tomorrow. Each area has its own characteristic amusement and exhibition facilities; perfect for family visits. From the Yuanshan station on the Danshui Line, walk north on Yumen Street for about 5 minutes. 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (closed on Monday and Lunar New Year’s Eve) Taipei Fine Arts Museum 台北市立美術館

The Largest modern art museum in Asia, with 26 indoor exhibition galleries as well as space for large displays outdoors and in the lobby area. From the Yuanshan station on the Danshui Line, walk about 10 minutes in the direction of Jiuquan Street. Tuesday – Sunday : 9:30 AM – 5:30 PM (closed on Monday) Saturday : 9:30 AM – 8:30 PM (free entry after 5:30) Longshan Temple 龍山寺

First built in 1738, this second-grade historic site is the center of worship in the Wanhua District. At the Longshan Temple Station on the Banqiao Line, depart from Exit 1 and walk north on Xiyuan Road for about 5 minutes. 7:00 AM – 10:00 PM (365 days) National Dr. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall 國父紀念館

Built in ancient Chinese palace style. It is a multipurpose facility for outdoor recreation and leisure activities as well as indoor cultural and educational activities. From the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall Station on the Nangang Line. 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (closed on Chinese New Year’s Eve and Day) Taipei 101 台北 101

Take the world’s fastest elevator to the observation deck of the world’s tallest panoramic view of Taipei. From the Taipei City Hall Station on the Nangang Line, take public bus blue 5, 266, 537, or 699 to Taipei 101. 10:00 AM – 10:00 PM (last entry 9:15 PM)

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Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall 中正紀念堂/台灣民主紀念館

This impressive structure, built to commemorate the late President Chiang Kai-shek, contains an art gallery and lecture hall, and is surrounded by Chinese-style gardens. It is a favorite leisure spot for Taipei residents. From the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall Station on the Danshui Line, depart via Exit 5. 9:00 AM – 6:30 PM (365 days) National Museum of History 國立歷史博物館

This large museum, built in 1995 with red walls and green roof tiles, displays Chinese cultural artifacts including bronzes, green-glazed porcelains, and Tang tri-color pottery. At the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall Station on the Danshui Line, use Exit 1 and walk along Nanhai Road for about 7 minutes. 10:00 AM – 6:00 PM (closed on Mondays, Chinese New Year’s Eve and Chinese New Year’s Day) Taipei Zoo 台北市立動物園

The zoo is divided into eight areas, including a petting zoo area and Asian Tropical rain forest area. The addition of koalas and king penguins in recent years has attracted crowds of visitors. From the Taipei Zoo Station on the Muzha Line, walk to the zoo. 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (no entry after 4:00 PM, closed on Chinese New Year’s Eve) Useful Phone Numbers & Links

 Taiwan Taoyuan (CKS) International Airport Tel: (03)398-2050 http://www.taoyuanairport.gov.tw/CKSeng/  Tourism Bureau Tel: (02)2717-3737 http://eng.taiwan.net.tw/lan/Cht/search/index.asp  Taipei Police Headquarters, Foreign Affairs Division Tel: (02)2381-8341

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