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Whistle Stop Tour of Tanach – Trei Asar

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Whistle Stop Tour of Tanach – Trei Asar WHISTLE STOP TOUR OF TANACH 1. TREI ASAR - INTRODUCTION 1. תוספתא מגילה ג: יא מדלגין בנביא ואין מדלגין בתורה ]ואין[ מדלגין מנביא לנביא ובנביא של שנים עשר ]מדלגין[ ובלבד שלא ידלג מסוף הספר ]לראשו[ 2. תלמוד בבלי מסכת בבא בתרא דף טו ע"א אנשי כנסת הגדולה כתבו )קנד"ג סימן( יחזקאל ושנים עשר דניאל ומגילת אסתר 2. Babylonian Talmud Tractate Bava Batra 15a The members of the Great Assembly wrote: Ezekiel, and the Twelve Prophets, Daniel and the Scroll of Esther. 3. תלמוד בבלי מסכת בבא בתרא דף יד ע"ב תנו רבנן סדרן של נביאים יהושע ושופטים שמואל ומלכים ירמיה ויחזקאל ישעיה ושנים עשר מכדי הושע קדים דכתיב )הושע א:ב( תחלת דבר ה' בהושע וכי עם הושע דבר תחלה והלא ממשה ועד הושע כמה נביאים היו וא"ר יוחנן שהיה תחלה לארבעה נביאים שנתנבאו באותו הפרק ואלו הן הושע וישעיה עמוס ומיכה וליקדמיה להושע ברישא כיון דכתיב נבואתיה גבי חגי זכריה ומלאכי וחגי זכריה ומלאכי סוף נביאים הוו חשיב ליה בהדייהו וליכתביה לחודיה וליקדמיה איידי דזוטר )מכיוון שהוא קטן( מירכס )יאבד( 3. Babylonian Talmud Tractate Bava Batra 14b The Sages taught: The order of the Prophets is: Joshua and Judges, Samuel and Kings, Jeremiah and Ezekiel, and Isaiah and the Twelve. Consider: Hosea preceded some of the other prophets whose books are included in the Bible, as it is written: “The Lord spoke first to Hosea” (Hosea 1:2). At first glance this verse is difficult: But did God speak first with Hosea, and not with any other prophet before him? Weren’t there many prophets between Moses and Hosea? And Rabbi Yochanan says: He was the first of four prophets who prophesied in that period, and they were: Hosea and Isaiah, Amos and Micah. Accordingly, Hosea preceded those three prophets; and the book of Hosea as well should precede the books of those prophets. The Gemara answers: Since his prophecy is written together with those of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi in one book of the Twelve Prophets, and Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi were the last of the prophets, he is counted with them. The Gemara inquires: But let the book of Hosea be written separately and let it precede the others. The Gemara answers: Were it written separately, since it is small it would be lost. Chart 1 – Breakdown of Nevi’im (Prophets) Nevi'im - Prophets - received by prophecy to prophets, who transmitted it to the people • Yehoshua - Joshua Nevi’im Rishonim – Early Prophets • Shoftim - Judges • Shmuel - Samuel • Melachim - Kings Nevi’im Achronim – Later Prophets • Yeshayahu - Isaiah • Yirmiyahu - Jeremiah • Yechezkel - Ezekial • Trei Asar - compilation of Twelve Minor Prophets: • Hoshea, Yoel, Amos, Ovadya, Yona, Micha, Nachum, Chavakuk, Tzefanya, Chaggai, Zecharia, Malachi Pnina Savery For questions or feedback - [email protected] 1 WHISTLE STOP TOUR OF TANACH 1. TREI ASAR - INTRODUCTION Chart 2 - What is the Trei Asar? Hebrew English Chapters Haftorah? Context name name Hoshea 14 Bamidbar First Temple period הושע Vayeitzei Shabbat Shuva Tisha b’Av mincha*** Yoel 4 Shabbat Shuva ** Disputed יואל Amos 9 Vayeishev First Temple period עמוס Acharei Mot ** Spans well Ovadiah 1 Vayishlach Disputed over 350 עובדיה Yonah 4 Yom Kippur Mincha Disputed years from יונה Micah 7 Balak First Temple period the middle of מיכה Shabbat Shuva and Yom Kippur mincha (ending) the First Nachum 3 Disputed Temple נחום Chabakuk 3 Second day Shavuot Disputed period to the חבקוק Tzefaniah 3 End of First Temple beginning of צפניה period – after exile of the Second Northern Kingdom Temple Chaggai * 2 Beginning of Second period חגי Temple Zechariah* 14 Beha’alotcha Beginning of Second זכריה Shabbat Chanukah Temple First day Sukkot Malachi * 3 Toldot Second Temple מלאכי Shabbat haGadol period * Last three prophets and members of the Anshei Knesset HaGedola **Only for Ashkenazi communities *** Only for Sefardi communities 4. תלמוד בבלי מסכת מגילה דף יד עמוד א ותו ליכא? והכתיב ויהי איש אחד מן הרמתים צופים - אחד ממאתים צופים שנתנבאו להם לישראל! - מיהוה טובא הוו. כדתניא: הרבה נביאים עמדו להם לישראל, כפלים כיוצאי מצרים, אלא, נבואה שהוצרכה לדורות - נכתבה, ושלא הוצרכה - לא נכתבה 4. Babylonian Talmud Tractate Megilla 14a Were there no more? But it is written “And there was one man from Ramathaim-zophim” (I Samuel 1:1), one [echad] of two hundred [mata’im] prophets [tzofim] who prophesied on behalf of the Jewish people. There were more prophets, as it is taught in a baraita: Many prophets arose for the Jewish people, double the number who left Egypt. However, only prophecy that was needed for future generations was written, but that which was not needed, was not written. 5. תלמוד בבלי מסכת סנהדרין דף פא עמוד א סיגנון אחד עולה לכמה נביאים ואין שני נביאים מתנבאים בסיגנון אחד 5. Babylonian Talmud Tractate Sanhedrin 89a A prophetic vision relating to one and the same subject matter may appear to several prophets, but two prophets do not prophesy employing one and the same style of expression. Pnina Savery For questions or feedback - [email protected] 2 .
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