cichlidcichlidthe monthly Volume 29, #6 PREMIUM FLAKE FOOD July 2000

Victorian

Wardley Total Tropical is the ultimate Society freshwater flake food, created to provide an extraordinary diet that Incorporated considers not only your fishes health Certificate of Incorporation of today, but their nutritional needs # A12794D for tomorrow. Better metabolic responses, faster attraction to the food, brilliant color and improved over- all health and vitality are only a few of the benefits of feeding Total Tropical as your everyday staple food. Total Tropical begins where all other staple foods leave off. $1.10 INCL. GST QUALITY PRODUCTS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN FISHKEEPER R E G I S T E R E D B Y A U S T R A L I A P O S T — AUSTRALIA’S PREMIER BRAND P P 3 4 2 7 8 0 / 0 0 2 4 ^ ^ BBAAAA “Mess-Ups”“Mess-Ups” ^ cichlidcichlidWeWe havehave aa fewfew scenescene friendsfriends thatthat 1. Apistogramma borelli > A. reitzigi sb A. reitzigi > A. borelli THE NEXT MEETING will be held on the second Friday of the month at 8 pm sharp 2. Haplochromis mloto > Copadichromis azureus sb H. mloto chrysonotus > (Tradingyouyou Table opens mightmight earlier) in the Courtyardlikelike Room toto at themeetmeet Nunawading ...... Civic Centre, C. azureus Whitehorse Road, Mitcham. Visitors are encouraged to come along. 3. Protomelas similis (Red Empress) > P. taeniolatus sb P. similis (no change) PRESENTATIONS: `Fish Experiences’ – Anthony Caiolfa; 4. Protomelas taeniolatus (Steveneye Tiger) > EASTERNSlide DISTRICTS Quiz; SOCIETY P. sp Steveneye Tiger sb P. taeniolatus (no change) Meets on Homethe 4thShow Friday Video. of month at the Nunawading 5. Pseudotropheus sp Albino > Metriaclima zebra sb Ps. zebra Albino > DOOR PRIZES: Aqualife. M. zebra Albino Civic Centre, Whitehorse Rd, Nunawading. DRAWCall PRIZES: 9802 3968 or write to PO Box 502, Ringwood 3134. You know the problem, only been Many thanks to all those people 1. $40 Rayonne Voucher. in the job a week and already you who did help me out by pointing out 2. Wine. mess up. Oh well, far be it from me my errors. I will keep on trying. 3. Wetlands frozen food. to change what is standard (more of PLEASE NOTE: Under the rules of TABLEAUSTRALIAN SHOWS & NEW GUINEA FISHES ASSOC a time-honored tradition if you ask the BAA, spawnings can not be Do your own thing. (See page 24.) me – Ed). The above changes Meets bi-monthly at Melbourne Zoo, starting January. considered for First-bred should have been in the May mag- Contact Glenn Briggs on 9725 3665 (AH) Certificates if the the forms are not Check our azine but I did not write them down wwwfor .moreblla information.ze.net.au/~daryllh received within the 120-day, post- Web page: for the Editor to do, so they are a bit spawning time-limit. overdue, sorry (I added a month by COMMITTEE MEMBERS: neglecting to print ‘em, sorry – Ed.) Lynda Haymes PRESIDENT AQUARIUMJohn McCormick SOCIETY5944-3502 LIBRARIAN OF VICTORIAAnthony Caiolfa 9886-5775 VICE-PRES Peter Robinson 9807-8196 TRADING TBL Glenn Lacey 9512-6706 SECRETARY MeetsGraham Roweon the last9560-7472 Thursday of the month TREASURER Keith Patfordat 29 Grant9716-2425 Street, COMMITTEE Clifton-AT -LARGEHill.: EDITORCall 9478Daryl Hutchins6028 or write9872-3225 to PO Box 140,Lee AshtonClifton Hill9561-5131 3068 WardleyWardley TableTable ShowShow CalendarCalendar 20002000 Facsimile 9872-3225 Granville Lawrence9564-7247 Kevin Archibald Show Keith Patford Show SOCIAL SEC Position vacant Lynda Haymes 9704-2046 February Angels, Uarus and Discus Lake Malawians SHOW SEC Sebastian Zwalf 9885-8651 Jason Taylor 9569-3772 March South Americans Lake Tanganyikans Sub-CommitteeNATIONAL Chairpersons: AUSTRALIANSpecies Maintenance: KILLIFISH Graham Rowe ASSOC. Mailing: Peter April Central Americans African Riverines and Lake Victorians Robinson. Constitution:Meets Daryl BI-monthly Hutchins. BAA: in Lynda members’ Haymes. Handbook: homes. Daryl Hutchins. May South Americans Lake Malawians LIFE MEMBERS: GrahamContact: Rowe, HeinzDavid Staude, Skop Kevin 9563 Archibald, 7231. Keith Patford, June Dwarf Americans Dwarf Africans Danny Genovese and Daryl Hutchins. PUBLIC OFFICER: Daryl Hutchins. July Central Americans Lake Tanganyikans August Pairs (American) Pairs (African) HONORARY MEMBER: Max Davenport. FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY: Graham Rowe.

September South Americans Lake Malawians FOR RENT THIS SPACE Victorian Cichlid Society BRING WHATEVER October Central Americans African Riverine and Lake Victorians MEMBERSHIP© Copyright, Victorian CichlidAPPLICATIONS Society Inc 2000. November Angels, Uarus(CICHLID) and Discus YOU LakeLIKE Tanganyikans or otherAnyone wishing enquiries to reprint material may from be `The directed Cichlid Monthly’ to: for non-commercial December American of Your Choice African of Your Choice purposes, may do so (unless the item is copyright by the author) provided due credit is Thegiven toSecretary, the author and `TCM’ Graham and one Rowecopy of the relevant publication is NOTE: Asian may be entered in any show, but must meet the special requirements 23 forwardedMangana to the author,Drive, care Mulgraveof the Secretary. VicEnquiries 3170 re the use of material in other publications may be directed to [email protected]. Ph/fax 9560 7472 -- e-mail [email protected] in June (dwarfs) and August (pairs). 24 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 1 | | | | | | | | | C O N T E N T S MikeIt has Sheridan, come to myto theattention North thatJersey Show and Auction on May 21, of charge ASnot (no everyone date listed) knows . Maybe that these I can get fortunately though, we can still visit a tape if I contact members. etheir dweb isitet oat www.cichlids.rial Cichlid Scene ...... 1 Geophagines ...... 8-20 pages are always available – free editorial tripod.com/NJAS/NJAS.html– for members to. freeserve.co.uk. Something slightly different is the dhutchins@ advertise their surplus fishes and theage.fairfax.com.auNow for something a little more Editorial ...... 3 Jerseyequipment. Shore This wasbus a surprisetrip toto local. The Australian Discus Home Show 2000 ...... 21 Philadelphia Zoo on August 13. me because it is not that long that Fax:Association 9872-3225 is organising a 7-day ImagineI plugged the the fishy fact tales in this to tome.be told It on trip to major Discus breeders and Minutes of Previous Meeting . . . 4-5 that trip. If you are in the area at that seems to me that I recall it being dealers in Penang for $899 per per- time and are interested call Buddy Jawlockings ...... 22-23 mentioned from the chair at the son.help toIt preventis on August such errors6-12. occur-Contact onbeginning 00 11 of1 the732 year 988 also. 9043 or at Correspondence ...... 5 [email protected]. Gayring inon the 02 future. 9613 3008 or email You can also write your ads on the australiandiscusassociation@hot If you can’t make that outing., Applications for the vacant position whiteboard at general meetings – mail.comof Social Secretaryfor more have information. been JAWLOCKINJAWLOCKINBAA Mess-UpsGSGS ...... 24 thenfor which, maybe whiteboard you can attend markers the canjoint Treasurer’s Report ...... 5 presentation of Jersey Shore AS Thererather disappointing.was a meeting Unfortunately of the ADA in, be found in the barrel on the front Melbournewe now have on anotherMay 21. positionIf you missed anddesk North if there Jersey are ASnone … already New Jersey on Weekend itavailable but want as toLynda find hasout foundmore aboutit AtRowemin’ this stage ‘Round you . . . .should ...... be. . 6-7too (gotWardley to giveTable peoples’ Show Calendar purses .time . . 24 to the board. futurenecessary meetings to call etc it a ring day. Charlie So on busy getting organised to attend the recover). Contact Hilary on 00 11 1 Extravaganza on October 20-22. ContactDon’t forget Christine also, foron your00 11 ultimate 1 732 9747you’re 1669. not the social type – why ACA Convention on July 20-23 in 216 752 7329 or at Alacerda convenience, you can place goods not try Committee-at-large. Cleveland. If you aren’t then @Compuserve.com for all the 290 7942 or at [email protected] to That will have to be enough. Any register.directly on the Trading Table. more and I think I will be a single http://Clik.to/CichlidThe Victorian Cichlidbefore Society wasit is formed too by details.cichlidophiles in March 1972 thus becoming the There is a commission charged for late. firstIf youspecialist are aquarist looking group for in the other State of Victoria. Its main aims are: Unfortunately we missed the fishkeeper. (Why would anyone Unfortunately I received notice of this latter service when the goods shows1. to To visitpromote ... thehere keeping you of are. cichlids; Greater Manchester CS Cichlid want to keep only one fish?? – Ed.) Dave Locey’s great presentation to are sold. August2. To gain5-6 andare disseminate the dates knowledge of the of cichlids,the Pacific their habits Coast and attributes CA too through late to the give use ApologiesEnvy Corner are in (just order for Isomething feel to different, all prices are Pounds Sterling, GAAS of Ultra-Aquaslides, films, books, Show lectures, andpractical demonstrations,you a good chancelocal and tooverseas hear magazines,and see theMark currency Coleman, of the a NSW United visitor Kingdom) to : articles by members and discussions with fellow members or experts in the field; Auction. Contact Bud on 00 11 1 it. It is/was on July 8 and the title is ourCyphotilapia recent auction, frontosa who was good 1” 2.00 330 3.848 To assist, 3856 in any wayor possible, Bwhite the establishment“Munchkins and/or maintenanceto Monsters: of approved Central public enough to send me pictures of the aquaria; Julidochromis marlieri 1” For .75 all Buy your 3, get 3 free! @neo.rr.com for more details. American Cichlids”. If you think you Fish-OnlyNeolamprologus Auction for pulcher the June“Daffodil 1” .75 Buy 3, get 3 free! 4. To be involved in the education of the cangeneral make public it, with or perhapsregard to theplead benefits for aof magazine. I’m afraid I made them signwriting requirements Youngstown Area TFS Show and Aulonocara baenschi “benga” 2” 2.50 (particularly cichlids), andcopy the potentiallyof the talk, harmful then effects contact of animalJoJo a bit on the light side. Because of Auction is on August 19-20. mismanagement; on 00 11 1 650 497 0059 or visit theCyprichromis way we are forced microlepidotus to repro- 2”COMPUTER-CUT 2.50 Contact Robin on 00 11 1 330 5. To promote fellowship between members; their new web site at www.cichlid duceMelanochromis the magazine auratus these days it is 3” Free 270 9198 or at rjencichlidnut SIGNS world.com. necessaryJulidochromis to lighten regani most“Kipili” pictures fry 1.00 @prodigy.net6. To furtherfor the moreconservation information. of species and their natural ; a bitNeolamprologus – I’m afraid I overdid brichardi it a little fryCAR, .75TRUCK, BOAT August is the high season for The Northeast Council of 7. To further the identification, distribution, breeding, maintenance and enjoyment of species on those ones. Aims of the Society Aims of Auctions the Society Aims of in thein Familythe USA. Cichlidae. MCAS Show Aquarium Societies is holding their Until next time ... and FACTORY GrahamSIGNS and Auction is on the 26th and 27th. Tropical Fish Showcase 2000 at Actually, image processing is not Factory 1, 11 Swift Way, something that I have had a lot of Disclaimer:The contactOpinions person expressed is Kenherein areat WestportAll oncorrespondence September to: 30 to Dandenong South [email protected] of the authors, and are notor necessarily on 00 October THE1. SECRETARYRegister at www. practice at but, coincidentally, it those11 1 of216 the 701Editor 5612. of TCM or the committee norwalkas.org/nec2000VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY. INC TANGANYIKANseems I am going to get a lot of FISHES WANTED of the Victorian Cichlid Society Inc. You are c/- 23 Mangana Drive, Mulgrave, Victoria, Tropheus“practice” at work: Leptosoma in future whether : Featherfins9706 : Others 5916 considered. encouragedThe Greater to write Chicagoto, or e-mail CA the is Editor hold- on I believe I haveAustralia missed 3170 the talk on I like it or not. Hopefully this will anying subject its Auction raised herein. on September 16 CichlidsFax 9560-7472. by E-mailan old [email protected] acquaintance, Phil: 0413 330 902 – [email protected]

222 VICTORIANVICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETYSOCIETY INC INC ^^ THETHE CICHLID CICHLID MONTHLY MONTHLY 233 Linke, Horst, “Papiliochromis ramirezi: a Little Grey Mouse from Reis, Roberto E., Luiz R. Malabarba, and Carla S. Pavanelli. 1992. Columbia?” `Aquarium Digest International’, 37: 5-6. “ setequedas, a New Cichlid Species (Teleostei: Lawrence, John Reeves, David Thorn, Suzette Khaw, Keith Patford PreviouslyLinke, Hord and Wolfgang Staeck. 1984. Amerikanische Cichliden... I: atLabroidei) froma Middle VCS Rio Parana System, BrazilMeeting and Paraguay”. (declined), Bill Phillips and Robert Pearce. Kleine Buntharsche’. Tetra Press, Melle, West Germany. (`American `Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters’, 3 (3): 265-272. Cichlids I: Dwarf Cichlids’) translated by Maureen Pinder. 1989. Richter, Hans-Joachim. 1988. “Microgeophagus altispinoso - The The President then invited all to supper and thanked Vicki Clarkson for American Cichlid Association and Tetra Press. Bolivian Butterfly Cichlid”. `TFH’, 36 (9): 10-18. Loiselle, Paul V. 1967. “The Cupido Cichlid”. `Aquarium Illustrated’, 2 (3): the chicken. The meeting closed at 10.10 pm. It was a cold and frosty night … Oops! SorryRichter, Hans-Joachim. wrong 1989.story. “A Beautiful The Variety June of the 9,Butterfly 2000 Ram”. 16-23. Reprinted in `The Sifter, 2 (2): 20-22, 1994. `TFH’, 38 (1): 37-47. meetingLoiselle, Paul V. opened “A Review of atCichocki’s 8.15 Field pm Observations with theon President in the chair. He welcomed all,Biolodoma especially cupido”. `Buntbarsche our guest Bulletin’, 62: speaker 26. Reprinted inMr `The JohnRichter, Charlesworth. Hans-Joachim. 1989. `Complete Everybody Book of Dwarf present Cichlids’. TFH Correspondence: Sifter’, 2 (2): 23, 1984. Publications, Neptune City, NJ. exceptLoiselle, Paul V.Sebastian 1980a. “South American Zwalf Eartheaters: received Geophagus - theirThe magazine.Scheuermann, Heinrich. Apologies “What is Wrong with were Aequidens?” received `Buntbarsche Manark Printing Bill and its Allies”. `Freshwater and ’, 3 (6): 23ff. Bulletin’, 69: 9-11. Reprinted in `The Sifter’, 2 (2): 12-13, 1984. Mornington Peninsula Shire Pet & Pony Expo fromLoiselle, Paul Aussie V. 1980b. “The Magnussen, Maintenance and Breeding Jann of the Rainbow Reeves,Schulz, Stuart Nini. 1990. Gray, “ Maurice Species ‘Red FinBreward, Toncantins.’” KevinEartheater”. Archibald `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, and 80: 1-12.Lynda Haymes. Minutes`Buntbarsche Bulletin’,of the 140: 2-3.May meeting were Commonwealth Bank Statement Loiselle, Paul V. 1981. “A Jewel of Unexpected Provenance”. Schmettkamp, Werner. 1987. “Variety within the Aequidens Genus”. Sunshine Coast AS Author’s Copy for Lynda Haymes received`Freshwater and onMarine a Aquarium’, motion 4 (5): 31ff.moved by Robbie`Aquarium Toth Digest and International’, seconded 28: 6-11. by Anthony Loiselle, Paul V. 1985. `The Cichlid Aquarium’. Tetra Press, Melle, West PIJAC Pet Industry News Caiolfa.Germany. There was no business arisingSpecian, from Anthony the and minutes. Sally M. Winkler. 1977. “Geophagus steindachneri Lombardi, Terry. 1984. “Aequidens geayi - The Hard Way”. `The Sifter’, Eigenmann and Hildebrand, 1910”. `Cichlid Index’, 2 (3): 1-3. EDAS Invitation to their June meeting New members Bill Phillips and DavidStalsberg, Thorn Alf. 1990.were “Keeping welcomed Acarichthys geayi -to Or Maybe the Not!” soci- `TFH’, 2 (2): 16-19. Outgoing: Steve Thompson Certificate of Appreciation etyMakin, Hal.and 1991. “Sneakerpresented Males Among with Apistogramma”. their `Buntbarsche badges etc38 (9): 102-105.by the President. Treasurer’s Bulletin’, 147: 26-34. Stawikowsici, Rainer and Uwe Werner. 1998. `Die Buntharsche der AJ Parkes Badge order ReportNewmam Lee. was1992. “Observations tabled. on Correspondencethe Growth of Geophagus ‘suri- wasNeuen tabled Welt: Sudamerika’. (see Essen,below). West Germany. Anthony Caiolfa Ç namensis.’” `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 152: 16-21. Stiassny, Melanie L. J. 1991. “Phylogenctic Intrarelationships of the Newman,Lee.The President 1993. “Maintenance reported of a ‘Spotted that Demonfish’, as the resultFamily Cichlidae: of anAn Overview”. invitation In `Cichlid Fishes:he, Behavior, Graham Ecology, Treasurer’s Report: Satanoperco daemon. `ACARA’, 4, 1 (2): 3. and Evolution’. Miles H. A. Keenleyside (ed.). 1-35. RowePerlowski, Bob. and 1992. Daryl “Gymnogeophogus Hutchins balzanii”. `Cichildhad Chatter’,travelled to Geelong to talk to a group of Opening balance at 1/5/2000 ...... $1,560.81 Sept/Oct. Reprinted in `ACARA’, 1 (1), 1993: 12-13. Vierke, Jorg. 1988. `Dwarf Cichlids’. TFH Publications, Neptune City, NJ. enthusiasticReis, Roberto E. and Luizcichlid R. Malabarba. keepers 1988. “Revision about of the the Winkchnumi,society Herbert and “Highly cichlid developed mouth-broodingkeeping. in theThose American Income ...... 106.00 presentNectropical Cichlidhad Genus an Gymnogeophagusenjoyable Ribeim, night 1918, exchanging with Cichlid, ideasGeophogus withsteindachneri”. 16 keen`Aquarium aquaristsDigest International’, descriptions of two new species”. Retva. Brm. Zool., 4: 259-305. 21: 14-16. t Sub-total ...... $1,666.91 John Charlesworth from Davenports then spoke on the potential effects Expenses ...... 140.74 of the GST on breeders, and answered our questions. The President Closing balance at 31.5.2000 ...... $1,526.07 moved a vote of thanks which was carried by acclamation. He presented our guest with a small token of our appreciation. After a short break, an interesting mini auction was held. Thanks to all Aussie was looking for polystyrene for a fish house bidders and to the donors, Sebastian Zwalf, Scott Haymes and the VCS extension recently. Trading Table. If you’re after some, he says he got a good deal from Granville Lawrence then spoke about his experiences as a fish keeper in Panel Tech Industries. You can reach them on 9720 9096. South Africa and Australia. His message – Don’t get that first tank as they Ç Sebastian seem to miraculously multiply. Zwalf A letter from EDAS was read inviting all VCS members to their next meet- ing as they will have an Australian Taxation Office representative present MALVERN to answer all those GST questions that you forgot to ask Mr Charlesworth (or that pop up in the meantime). When did you & PET SUPPLIESHOME Draw Prize: First, 3’ Undergravel Filter, Glenn Lacey;fee Second,d the fi sPlant,h las tBill IMPORTERS OF TROPICALS AND GOLDFISH Phillips; Third, Wetlands frozen food, Vicki Clarkson. dear? TANKS MADE TO ORDER SHOW John Reeves reported that Steve Thompson had asked him to pass on FULL RANGE OF PET ACCESSORIES to us his thanks for the hospitality shown to his friends and himself, for the 2000 good attendance and attention to his talk and for the Certificate of EXTENSIVE RANGE OF “BETTACARE” PRODUCTS Appreciation that he received from the VCS. OPEN 6 DAYS – CLOSED WEDNESDAY Graham Rowe and John McCormick Sebastian Zwalf then announced the results of the Wardleys Table 54-56 Glenferrie Road, Malvern -- 9509 1141 Show. Door prizes courtesy of TFH Australia were won by Granville Å Marty Bell Present your current VCS Membership Card and receive a 10% discount. PICTURES: 420 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 215 important to know the particular species Another factor that makes spawning spawning,`Perth Cichlid so do Society not be (Inc) alarmed Magazine’ if sand PerthKruckenberg, CS (Inc.)Jenny. 1993. “Experiencing a May Guionacara”. `ACARA’, 1 (2): 9-11. one is dealing with in order to be pre- many Geophagines difficult is sexing sits where`Cichlid the Evening eggs “should” Post’ be. GreatKullander, Lakes Sven O. CS1977. “Papiliochromis gen. April n., a New Genus of South pared to spawn them. the adult fish. As is the general rule with Arnefican Cichlid Fish (Teleostei, Perciformes)”. `Zoologica Scripta’, 6: Apistogramma`Cichlid Evening andPost’ Guinacara Great253-254. Lakes CS May The hardy brasiliensoids, like many cichlids, when parental duties are species`Cichlid and Evening Acarichthys Post’ heckelii are GreatKullander, Lakes Sven O. CS1986. `Cichlid Fishes of June the Amazon River Drainage popular Cichlasomines, are easily shared equally by both parents, the fish sheltered spawners and appropriate of Peru’. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. dachneri `Cichlid Chatter’ GreaterKullander, ChicagoSven O. 1991. “GeophagusCA argyrostictus, May a New Species of spawned and make good beginners’ are essentially sexually isomorphic. cave or tunnel-like areas should be Cichlid Fish from the Rio Xingu, Brazil”. `Cybium’, 15 (2): 129-138. `Cichlid Blues’ Pacific Coast CA May fish. The recently popular ‘G.’ stein- Species of Geophagus and provided. For A. heckelii it may help Kullander, Sven O. and E. J. G. Ferreira. 1988. “A New `DISCUSsions’ AustralianSpecies (Teleostei,Discus Cichlidae)Assoc From the MarchAmazon River Basin in Brazil”. likewise makes a good begin- Satanoperca, and Acarichthys heckelii to fill the intended spawning site with `Cybium’ 12 (4): 343-355. ner’s cichlid. It is easily kept and will are particularly hard to sex. Biotodoma sand`DISCUSsions’ and allow the female to excavate it AustralianKullander, SvenDiscus O. and Assoc Han Nijssen. 1989.May `The Cichlids of Surinam’. E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. spawn given a diet of only prepared species can be sexed by their facial herself.`The Sifter’ YorkshireKullander, Sven CG O., Ramiro Royero, and Donald March C. Taphom. 1992. “Two foods. In fact, perhaps the only way to markings as noted under the descrip- In `Cichlidae’all, Geophagines & `Newsletter’ exemplify the BritishNew CASpecies of Geophagus (Telcostei: March Cichlidae) from the Rio tion of that genus. Gymnogeophagus, Orinoco Drainage in Venezuela”. `Ichthyological Explorations of prevent a pair of these cichlids from degree`Superfish’ of diversity that may be found QueenslandFreshwaters’, 3 (4):CG 359-375. April/May/June spawning,steindachneri short of separating the male Guianacara, Papiliochromis, and the within a single cichlid lineage, especial- Langhanuner, James K. 1991. “The Ram and its Nomenclature: Which Rowemin’ Name Actually Has Precedence?” `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 147:18-19. andRowemin’ the female, is to reduce the tank brasiliensoids can be sexed by size dif- ly Untilin terms next of trip,breeding happy behaviors. spawnings. Leibel, Wayne S. 1983a. “OnGraham the Identity of Geophagus Rowe acuticeps temperature below 21°C. The fry of ‘G.’ ferences (males are larger) and cranial NOTES: Heckel 1840: Part II”. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 95: 11-19. 1 Leibel, Wayne S. 1983b. “A Case of Immediate Mouthbrooding in are large enough to take profile (males have steeper faces). Axelrods Atlas, for example, shows G. tacniopareius (p. 355, Geophagus surinamensis”. `The Sifter’, 1 (2): 19. finely crushed flake food as a first meal, Territorial males of Apistogramma can picture 5), G. brachybranchus (p. 355, pictures 6-8), G. prox- Leibel, Wayne S. 1984a. “Gosse’s (1975) Revision of the Genus be recognised at a glance, but subdom- imus (p. 356, picture 1), and G. altifrons (p. 356, picture 2), Geophagus: An Abridged Translation Continued”. `The Sifter’, 2 (2): although they will do better on a diet of all labelled as G. surinamensis. THE NEXT24-28. newly hatched brineshrimp. inant males may be difficult to distin- 2 Leibel, 1990, p. 17. Leibel, Wayne S. 1984b. “Heckel’s Thread-Finned Acara: Acarichthys ‘Round 3 Ibid. beckelii”. `Freshwater and Marine Aquaria’, 7 (1):15ff. ‘Round guish from females (see At the other end of the scale, only one 4 Schlesff, 1994, pers. comm. Leibel, Wayne S. “Acarichthys heckelii (Mueller and Troschel 1848)”. Apistogramma, above). Finally, Hump- `Cichlid Index’, 8 (10): 1-2. 5 GENERGENERAATTIONION species of the daemon complex ???, 1994, pers. comm. Leibel, Wayne S. 1986. “Pellegrin’s Humped Eartheater: Introducing the head Earth-eaters can be sexed easily 6 Surprisinglyof Satanoperca there has everare beenfew success-ports of invitation in the May issue of Leibel, 1994, pers. comm. TRUE Geophagus pellegrini”. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 113: 2-1 5. by the humps of the males and by 7 Hougen, 1993 IN FISH FOOD HLeibel,A SWayne A S. 1997a.RR “DemonIV Fish:ED The! Juruparoid Eartheaters”. callfully onspawned the first in tripcaptivity of the (S. new daemon Tax `Aquarium World’ produced by the 8 males’ more impressive coloration. 1980a, 1980b, 1981, 1995. `Freshwater and Marine Aquarium’, 10 (2): 12ff. Year.itself) andAre thisour exchangeonly once. clubsThe cichlid wor- Federation of New Zealand Aquatic 9 According to systematists currently working with Leibel, Wayne S. 1987b. “Demon Fish: The Juruparoid Eartheaters: Part riedenthusiast about thelooking GST forpayable a breeding on the Societies.Blackwater Max Geophagine George veryspecies proud- are Gymnogeophagus. See Reis, et al.,Introducing 1992, p. 271. Ocean StarTwo - Maintenance”. International `Freshwater and Marine Aquarium’, 10 (3): 28ff. 10 1989, p. 24. Leibel, Wayne S. 1987c. “The Rainbow Eartheater is NOT challenge should move right past the Gymnogeophagus australis”. `Buntbarsche Builetin’, 119: 2-9. invitations, or is it that all those ded- lyespecially details difficultthe occupants to spawn and as theirthey 11 See Newman. innovative Cichlid and Spirulina comparatively easy Discus to the mem- need very soft water in order for their Leibel, Wayne S. 1988a. “Collecting New Cichlids the Easy Way: A icated hobbyists are so busy trying stories in “Max’s African Cichlid BIBLIOGRAPHY: Reluctant Explorer Hits Paydirt in Peru”. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 124: 2- bers of the daemon complex, but only if ® floating/sinking pellets – as well as the® to sort out how the GST will affect Tank”.eggs to be fertilised (in hard water the Axelrod, Herbert R. and Leonard P. Schultz. 1993. `Handbook of Tropical 13. he or she is truly prepared. These fish eggs close up before the sperm can Aguarium Fishes’. TFH Publications, Neptune City,best NJ. flake foodLeibel, available. Wayne S. 1988b. “A Reconsideration of the Genus them that they had no time to write Axelrod, Herbert R. “The Golden and Normal Ram: Microgeophogus Gymnogeophagus”. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 129: 18-26. do not make good beginners cichlids. penetrate)Finally we and are a off low to JerseypH to Shoretrigger (Apistogramma) ramirezi”. In `Breeding Aquarium Fishes, Book 2’, TFH Leibel, Wayne S. 1989a. “Geophagus pellegrini Regan 1912”. `Cichlid articles?Not only are they extremely difficult to ASspawning in answer and toallow the forinvitation a reasonable in the Publications, Neptune City,ASK NJ, 344-352. AT YOUR FAVORITEIndex’, 9 (9): 1-2. RETAILER Axelrod, Herbert R, Warren E. Burgess, Neal Pronek, and Jerry G. Walls. Leibel, Wayne S. 1989b. “What’s New in Neotropicals”. `Buntbarsche spawn,Our firstbut stopmany isvery The experienced Aquarium Junesex ratio issue in the of `Thefry. Shoreline’. Chris 1989. `Dr Axelrod’s Atlas of Fishes, 3rd Edition’. Bulletin’, 132: 22-28. Societyaquarists ofhave Victoria trouble in just response maintaining to Borgese explains the intricacies of T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ. Leibel, Wayne S. 1990. “Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel 1840)”. them in captivity. Finally, because most Geophagines Burgess, Warren E. 1982. “It’s Microgeophagus!” `TFH’, 30 (10):7. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 140: 15-20. the invitation included in the May “Breedingare so peaceful, Cyphotilapia a crowded frontosa”. tank or Calhoun, John. “Spawning the Acahichthys heckelii”. `Cichlid Chatter’. Leibel, Wayne S. 1990. “Gymnoogeophagus gymnogenys For Once and heckelii Reprinted in `ACARA’, 1 (2):6-8,1993.LLiivviinngg PPiiccttuurree AAForqq All!”uu `Buntbarscheaarriiuu Bulletin’,mm 140: 21-24. Other Geophagines which are chal- issue of `Finchat’. They are Thereaggressive is also take an excellentmates will report inhibit on Cardwell, Jeff. 1993. “A Dream Trip: Cichlids on the Xingu”. `Cichlid Leibel, Wayne S. 1993a. `A Fishkeeper’ss Guide to South American lenging to breed include Acarichthys intrigued by Don Danko’s “Methods theirspawning annual behavior. trip to tour the Florida News’, 3 (2): 5-9. Cichlids’. Tetra Press Blackburg, VA. , the other Satanoperca species Dietrich, Eric. 1991. “Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys - At Long Last!” Leibel, Wayne S. 1993a. “CichlidsMelways of the Ref: Americas Map - 41Part B9 9: South of Managing when fish farms. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 145: 15-16.* Expert advice American Eartheaters”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 5 (4): 44-51. (the juruparoids), Biotodoma species, Most Geophagines lay their eggs on Eckstein, Ginny. 1983. “Letter to the Editor: Geophagus surinamensis Leibel, Wayne S. 1993b. “Cichlids ofGeelong the Americas Road - Part 10: The Spawningand many speciesLarge of Cichlids”Apistogramma. in flatWe surfaces, had two such invitations as smooth that rocks, we Revisited”.* `The We Sifter’, 1buy (3): 27. (Replyand by editor, sell Wayne tanks S. Leibel, on and Surinmensoids”.fish `Aquarium,Fish Magazine’, 5 (5): 54-59. Volume 72 No 10 of `The Fish pages 27-28.) Leibel, Wayne S. 1993c. “Cichlids of the Americas - Part 11: The One of the keys to spawning many of declinedalthough thedue immediate to non-cichlid mouthbrooders content: Eckstein, Ginny. 1986. “The* pellegriniSpecials Notebook”. `Buntbarscheevery Bulletin’, week Brasiliensoids”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 5 (6): 42-48. Culturist’these species and isimpressed patience. Manyby Tommy of the are less likely to be fussy about their 113: 16-17. Leibel, Wayne S. 1993d. “CichlidsService ofRd the Americas - Part Francis15: Eartheater St `Sunfish’ May Sunshine Coast AS Ekinger, Detlef. 1987. “Nachzucht von ‘Geophagus’ daemon” `DCG- Update”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 5 (12): 52-59. Thompson’slarge Geophagines “The growBlue quiteDiscus” slowly in andspawning `Fishtales’ site than Maydelayed Eastern mouth- *Informn’ Wide 18 (7): range 132-134. “Breeding of Cichlids of Satanoperca atdaemon”. reasonableLeibel, Wayne S. prices1994a. “Cichlids of the Americas - Part 16: Apistos in Volumeand are not69 matureNo 3 of until the they same are publi-a few brooders or spawners. As Translation by Philip Bruecker, 1993, ACARA, 1 (1):3 the Aquarium”. `Aquaiium Fish Magazine’, 6 (6): 32-43.Living Districts AS. Haeffner, Rich.* 1978.Cichlids “Aequidens geayi *(Pellegrin Tropicals 1902)”. `Cichlid Index’, * GoldfishLeibel, Wayne S. 1994b. “Cichlids of the Americas - PartPicture 17: Apistos in cation.years old. Dwarf species, on the other noted above, S. daemon lays its eggs in 3 (2): 1-2. Reprinted in `The Sifter’, 2 (2): 14-15, 1984. the Aquarium”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 6 (7): 42-52.Aquarium hand, mature quite rapidly (they are a Fortunatelydepression it thedigs Mustin the Readsubstrate. In Hougen, Dean. 1993. “‘Geophagus’ sp aff brasiliensis”. `ACARA’, 1 (1): 7- Leibel, Wayne S. 1994c. “Cichlids of the Americas - Partis 18: here The Seven OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Millars Rd The Land of the Long White Flight Literature will keep us going 10. (other) Dwarfs”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 6 (8): 48-54. essentially annual fish) and may spawn Some Geophagines, notably species of Hougen, Dean. 1994. “Cichlids of the New World: Part Three - Cichlids of Leibel, Wayne S. 1994d. “Cichlids of the Americas - Part 19: The Six Cloudat only twobeckons months as post-hatching. we answer the forSatanoperca, some time: will cover their eggs after North America (and Some Close Relatives)”. `Aqua News’, Dwarfs”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 6 (9): 64-70. July/August:555A 7-13. Geelong Rd, Brooklyn 3025 -- Ph/Fax: 9314 7711

618 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 197 ticta neutralFrom `Aquazine’, (pH 6-7) the water online without publication trouble. of the MinnesotaMost GeophaginesAquarium Society come from rela- Geophagines,aquarists as the however, surinamensoids, and sturdy, as well the withgill covers, the same is really types Satanoperca of tank mates leucos- as For breeding, however, some species tively calm waters. The exceptions here rooted,few members potted plantsof theare compatiblerestricted large(the Acaras. species At thename other referring end ofto the (such as daemon complex of are the Hump-head Earth-eaters which withGeophagus species that are ofregularly Geophagus, found in scalewhite spots).are Satanoperca The true S. species jurupari whichlacks SatanopercaGeophaGeopha and many, though certain- ginesginescome from flowing waters, and species Satanoperea,the hobby are andalmost Biotodoma, uniformly and referred with canany sortbe housed of spotting with on Angels its head. and Thesesmall ly not all, Apistogramma) need water of which come from swifty Gymnogeophagusto as Geophagus balzanii. surinamensis. Tetrasspecies withoutare delayed problem. mouthbrooders. As long as thatPart is of very a seriessoft (nearly on the unmeasurable cichlids of theflowing New areas World including – check rapids. out the FoodAccording to the current understanding a CloselyTetra relatedis fast to enoughthese two to species avoid hardness)rest at http://www and acid .mn-aquarium.org/(pH around 4). Tank Set-Up of these species, however, it is unlikely anare Angelfish,S. pappaterra it ,is and more apparently than quick sev- These conditions can stress members thatGeophagines, the true Geophagus despite surinamensistheir natural enougheral other to species escape which the eitherattentions need ofto of other species, however, so it is im- has ever been found in the hobby or that Satanoperca. Geophagines are, first and foremost, habits, will quickly learn to take food bepari described or need to be matched perativeBy Dean that theHougen aquarist know the sifters. They will spend most of their fromit will the be surfacecommercially of the watercollected in captivi- in the withDespite names their which peaceful have previously nature, beenmost breeding requirements of the species time during the lighted hours of the day ty.near However, future, due many to thespecies location remain and sifterstreated areas juniorable tosynonyms hold their for own S. juru-with that he or she is dealing with before small extent of its natural range. somewhat more aggressive cichlids, but Among the North American cichlids, taking up mouthfuls of sand and clumsy at this unnatural feeding situa- leucosticta. These include a species which attempting to provide these sorts of The species referred to in the hobby as do their best if kept with other peaceful there are cichlids with specialised adap- attempting to separate out any food tion and, if kept with more efficient sur- resembles S. pappaterra and hails from extreme conditions. G. surinamensis are, in reality, other fish. 2Good choices for tank mates for tations that allow them to sift food items particles that they can find. For this rea- face feeders, should be given sinking Peru ; a species which resembles S. species of the restricted Geophagus, most large Geophagines include all fromInterestingly, the substrate. it has The been members shown of that the son, the choice of substrate for a sifter foodsG. megasema, to ensure that they receive their but lacks spots on the gill tank should not be taken lightly. Large fairmost share. commonly G. brachybranchus, Acaras3 except Green Terrors, high-bod- Thorichthyssome Geophagines section thatof “Cichlasoma”,have evolved 1 covers ; a species found in Peru which and G. proximus . These ied South American Cichlasoniines, andto handle some low of pH the levels members in nature of actu- the pebbles or gravel may become lodged Prepared foods can make up the bulk resembles S. jurupari but has a shorter fish can easily be distinguished by Tetras4 and other peaceful characins, Amphilophusally grow faster section, in water have with elongated a more in a Geophagine’s mouth and cause of the sifter’s diet for keeping. These snout ; and a comparatively small markings on the face, flank, and caudal loracariids of all sizes, carichthyids snoutsneutral whichpH11. This point is downward apparently and because have injury or death. Sharp gravel is also, should be supplemented with frozen Satanoperca species which apparently fins. (Corydoras and related genera),5 and thethey mouthonly encounter positioned low terminally, pH during andthe quite obviously, also a poor choice. A and/or live foods such as blood worms, ismapiritensis an immediate mouthbrooder . Due to The Geophagus species commonly small pimelodids. Note, however, that havedry season eyes which as water are setlevels back fall on andthe lack of substrate will not injure these brine shrimp, and glass worms. For its origin, it has been speculated that found in the hobby grow quite large (up while all of these fish are compatible headacids becomeaway from concentrated. the mouth. A reduced These groupcichlids but will frustrate their natural breeding purposes, the balance should this latter fish may match with S. to 30cm TL), but some of the less well- with large Geophagines,6 they are not all adaptationsgrowth rate allow during the thefish todry push season their asinstincts a and deprive the keeper of wit- shift to frozen and live foods for the bulk . known, and recently described species compatible with one another. mouthmeans downthat these deeply fish into require the substrateless food whole,nessing their natural behavior. of the diet and feedings should be apparently stay quite a bit smaller (eg: Satanoperca also contains a complex withoutto survive endangering during these their fragilelean eyes.times. includingThe best biparental choice substrate-spawningfor substrate in a heavy (and accompanied by many par- Dwarf Geophagines can be kept with up to 15cm for G. taeniopareius, and of sifters with large spots on their sides WhenIn South the rains America increase there again are and cichlids food andGeophagine delayed tankmouthbrooding is rounded (both silica of tial water changes to maintain water dwarf Acaras and the remaining dwarf less than 11cm for G. grammepareius). and trailers on the last several rays of whichbecomes have more evolved abundant even (andfurther the spe- pH whichsand. Thisare foundinert sand in the will Cichlasomines); pose no threat quality). The dwarf Geophagines may South American cichlids, the more Geophagus is known to include sub- their dorsal fins. The best known of cialisationrises), the forcichlids’ sifting growth for food accelerates. – they are polygynous,to the fish, will immediate not effect mouthbrooding; water parame- also be conditioned on baby brine- peaceful (and non-piscivorous) high- strate spawners (such as the recently these species is S. daemon, which pos- the Geophagines, which literally means haremters, and polygynous, has a natural substrate-spawn- look to it. shrimp. bodied South American Cichlasomines Almost all Geophagines need warm describedbranchus G. argyrostictus), delayed sesses two large spots on its side and a the “Earth-eaters”. ing;Of course,and apparently other choiceseven the ofextraordi- coarse Greens are unlikely to be eaten by (eg:well-ocellated Angels, Discus,spot on itsand caudal Festivums), pedun- water in the range of 24-26°C to pros- mouthbrooders (eg: G. brachy- Tetras, Loracariids, and Callichthyids. Of course, Geophagines do not liter- narilysand orrare, fine monogamous, gravel may alsoimmediate prove most sifters, although peas may be cle. S. daemon is a substrate spawner per. Some species, like those of mouthbrooding.adequate. Obviously, these fine sub- accepted.), Feeder and advanced fish are likelymouthbrood- to grow , such as Tetras, are highly allyBiotodoma, eat the onlyearth, grow they well merely in even sift ers (eg: G. megasema). There are with a twist. It buries its eggs under stratesFurther, exclude whereas the reproductiveuse of undergravel strate- and prosper in a Geophagine tank, as recommended for tanks containing throughwarmer temperaturesit. This latter, –however, up to 29°C. they The do probably at least 15 species of 50cm of sand, digs them up when they giesfiltration. are generally uniform within a these fish are quite awkward piscivores. dwarf Geophagines, and may also help withnotable great exceptions efficiency. to Besidesthis rule adapta-are the Geophagus, although less than a dozen hatch only to bury the wrigglers again, givenLarge genus, rocks, a rangedriftwood, of strategies and sub- are They will, however, sift hiding fry from to calm large Geophagines and encour- tionsbrasiliensoids to the facial which structure will live to and allow breed for have been described. and finally digs up the fry when they are presentmerged rootswithin make someeffective individual territorial the substrate if they get the chance. age breeding. rootingin the home about aquarium in the at 21°C.substrate, Also, ready to be free-swimming. Geophagineboundaries andgenera. spawning sites while Geophaginesspecies of Gymnogeophagus have a unique gillmay mor- be The other spotted Satanoperca retaining a natural look to the aquarium. Tank MatesGunther 1862 Breeding phologykept around that 21°C,allows although them to theyeasily gener- sep- Satanoperca speciesacuticeps (S. lilith, which has a single side arate inedible sand from food. From a Appropriately sized flowerpots and Geophagines show a diversity of ally cannot be induced to spawn at this The Genera MostOne ofGeophagines the best known are peaceful sifters in cich- the spot located high up on the side but oth- single mouthful of mixed sand and food, pieces of PVC piping make practical breeding strategies and behaviors temperature. lidsaquarium and makehobby good is thecommunity fish usually tank erwise resembles S. daemon, and S. the edible portion is ingested while the Geophagushiding places andHeckel spawning 1840 caves if unmatched in any other group of New residents.referred to asThe “ Geophagusmost aggressive jurupari”. , which has three side spots gritAll is Geophaginesspat back out do of bestthe mouthin clean or appearance is not a major concern. World cichlids. Further, as mentioned Like several genera discussed in the GeophaginesAccording to arecurrent the understanding,brasiliensoids, and no ocellus on the caudal spot) have passedwater and out regular behind partial the gill water covers. changes The dwarf Geophagines will do quite above, breeding strategies and behav- earlier parts of this series, the genus whichhowever, can this hold fish their and own its withclose all relatives but the not been spawned in captivity. are essential to maintaining healthy well in planted tanks and will pose no most aggressive Cichlasomines. The iors may vary from species to species Geophagines are also interesting Geophagus has recently been restrict- really belong in the genus Satanoperca. Satanoperca species tend to grow fish. Especially vulnerable to poor water treat to the plants, but larger species recommendations for tank mates listed within a genus. Finally, the species with- subjects due to their reproductive ed to exclude many of the species that Further, the hobby “Jurupari”, which slowly, but most can get quite large – up quality are species of Satanoperca, may uproot or tear apart live plants. below do not necessarily work well for in a genus may come from different strategies. There are a wide variety of once went by that name. The species possesses white spots on its face and to 30cm in length. reproductiveGeophagus, andstrategies Biotodoma. found within the thatThis remainis not may true be forthought all oflarge by brasiliensoids, which should be kept water types. For these reasons it is

816 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 179 Hump-headPapiliochromis Kullander 1977 parentalApistogramma role to playspecies once differfertilisation from torialthat thesemale’s fishdominion lack andscales fertilise on sometheir andmaternal bred speciesmouthbrooder. ideal for That beginners, is to say, to EartheatersPapiliochromis ramirezi, the popular hasmost taken other place. Geophagines in a number of orcheeks all of andthe waseggs the before primary the characterdominant demandinga single male and holds difficult a breeding fish that territory are Ram of the aquarium hobby, is a true Brasiliensoidsrespects, mostly having to do with maleused hasto establishthe chance the to. genus in 1918. morein which challenging several thanfemales Discus. care In forgener- the Geophagine,The fish I despiteam referring its small to size.here This as reproduction. They are also more elon- Since“Sneaker then males”many ichthyologistsonly occur in situa-have al,eggs all andmembers fry and of thea genus females can carry be kept the hump-headfact is reflected earth-eaters, in the other like generic the gateAnother than mostgroup Geophagines. of orphaned species tionsconsidered where thissome character males areas unabletoo weak to infry the in theirsame mouths, approximate though conditions, not the eggs. but speciesname sometimes of Satanoperca applied above,to this werefish, formerlyApistogramma belonging species to Geophagus are harem- are establishto justify territoriesa genus ofand their counted own and these will forbrasiliensisQuite breeding unlike it Gg. may balzanii be necessaryare a group to regardedMicrogeophagus. as belonging Papiliochromis, to Geophagus for its thepolygynous, brasiliensoids. cave-spawning Currently cichlids. there isA becomespecies asterritorial belonging males to Geophagus. themselves, In knowof species the precise regarded species as belonging that one tois untilpart, thatmeans genus (roughly) was restricted “butterfly recently. cichlid” onlymale willone guardrecognised a territory species in which in sev-this with1976, the however, accompanying Gosse impressive re-examined col- dealingGymnogeophagus, with (see Breeding but resembling below). ‘G.’ Unlikeand refers the toSatanoperca the other commonspecies, namehow- group,eral females ‘Geophagus’ breed and brasiliensis the care, ofwhich the orsthese and fish finnage, and discovered if a space that opens they up pos- in more in overall shape and ever,for Rams. this (According group toof thespecies somewhat is iseggs ostensibly and fry isa commonexclusively aquarium the female’s fish. thesessed region’s unique hierarchy. skeletal structures at the Watercoloration. TheParameters best-known species in “orphaned”,twisted rules that of is,zoological temporarily nomencla- lacking However,domain. once a modern review of Apistogrammoidesfront of the dorsal fin including Mcinken 1965 an this complex is Gg. rhabdotus, although these fish takes place I believe that a “antrorse spine” that is not found in any manyGeophagines fish sold under can bethis found name in are all not of ature, proper Microgeophagus generic placement. is currently the Like most cave-spawning cichlids, The final genus of Geophagine is the number of separate species will be other New World cichlid. While the thethis fishwater at all.types As inI haveSouth shown America. else- proper generic name for this species, territorial males and females are easily monotypic Apistogrammoides. As steindachneriThe best known species of this group recognised within this group. genus Gymnogeophagus contains dis- Specieswhere7, manyof Guianacara of the fish (which sold locallycome although it was never properly erected distinguished. Territorial males are larg- implied by the name, Apistogram- in the aquarium hobby is “Geophagus” Brasiliensoids known in the hobby tinct groups within it and may at some fromunder the this rivers name of theare Guiananreally brasilien- shield), and, I’m confident, will eventually be er, more colorful, and have more moides is closely related to Apisto- , the “Red-Hump Earth- are biparental, substrate spawners and point be split into distinct genera or sub- thesoids Hump-head as they lack Earth-eatersthe unique skeletal (from discarded in favor of Papiliochromis.) impressive finnage. Outside of spawn- gramma. It differs primarily by the eater.” This fish has gone by many are notably more aggressive than most genera, these skeletal features ensure Panamafeatures andof theGymnogeophagus. northern-flowing riversPaul A second species in this genus was ing, females are generally light grayish number of hard rays in the anal fin. In tralis names in the aquarium hobby, including other Geophagines. that these species will always be set ofLoiselle Columbia), has andwritten the widelyBrasiliensoids about recentlydachneri recognised. The Bolivian Ram, or tannish with muted black markings. Apistogramma, three to four rays are G. magdalenae, G. hondae (both apart from all other cichlids. (fromGg. rhabdotus the coastalunder rivers the of name Brazil) Gg. all aus- hail P. altispinosa, is a higher-bodied fish WhenWayne spawning Leibel has or spawnspeculated tending, that theon typical. In Apistogrammoides, the range invalid junior synonyms for G. stein- from 8, moderatelybut it is nowhard, known and relativelythat that with a lyrate caudal fin. brasiliensoidsthe other hand, are females closely acquire related a tobright the is Theseven type to nine. species of Gymnogeo- grin ) and G. pellegrini. “G.” pelle- neutral waters. These fish can be com- rhabdotusgolden-yellow complex base color species with darkof phagus is Gg. balzanii, an unmistakable species is a member of the gymno- Apistogramma Regan 1913 The single species in Apistogram- fortably kept and9 spawned in a wide , properly refers to a different Gymnogeophagus, but I think that the cichlid with a steep cranial profile, espe- genys complex (see below). Also among the true Geophagines black markings. moides is A. pucallpaensis, which is range of pH and hardness values, as species in the bump-head group, and unique skeletal characteristics of that cially in mature males in which the face Gg. rhabdotus is known to be a sim- are the species of Apistogramma. This Quite interestingly, there are non- named for its collecting site of Pucaflpa, long as extremes are avoided. the other described species in this com- genus (see below) preclude a merger of may rise straight up from the mouth to ple substratum spawner. The other two genus includes the smallest of all New territorial males which still manage to Peru. A. pucalipaensis can be treated plex is “G.” crassilabris. these species and those at the generic the top of the head, and nearly unique membersMost other of the Geophagines rhabdotus complex come from are World cichlids and includes at least 60 reproduce. These males look remark- by aquarists as they would species of level. vertical stripes on the flanks which form moreGg. meridionalis cosmopolitan and genera,Gg. setequedas so species. species,These manyfish come of which from remainthe northern- to be ably like females, both to aquarists and Apistogramma. doublebalzanii “pin stripes” on the lower side. specificFinally, information the remainder is needed of the for fishdeter- in flowingdescribed. rivers There of Columbiaare at least and a fromhalf- Gymnogeophagusto territorial Apistogramma Ribeiro males. 1918 By (This latter characteristic is shared with miningGymnogeophagustus ideal water conditionsbelong forto them.the Panama.dozen groups All are or immediatecomplexes mouth-within foolingThe genusthe nameterritorial Gymnogeophagus male, these Keeping a Biotodoma species. See below.) Gg. Ifgymnogenys this information complex. is not Like available, Gg. rhabdo- how- brooders,Apistogramma, and the although males, not like all so species many means,“sneaker literally, males” nakedare able earth-eater. to slip into The the Geophaginesis a harem span polygynous, the spectrum delayed of ever,, many they fishcan soldbe kept as Gg.in soft gymnogenys to moder- Africanfall neatly rift-lake into one ofcichlids, the divisions. have no prefixcaves gymnoof ready (naked) females refers within to the the terri- fact cichlid difficulty, from hardy, easily kept ately hard (DH 5-10), slightly acid to

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Finally, however, Retroculus Eigenmann & Bray 1894 Cardwell reports that R. xinguensis first described, however, so G. thayeri is gymnogenys the true Gg. gymnogenys appears to be The species of Retroculus are some of is found over a sand substrate and will an invalid junior synonym.) getting a hold in the hobby, so it is possi- the most highly specialised cichlids in the bury itself quickly in the sand to avoid A. heckelii do differ from all the true ble to get the real thing these days. Gg. world. Not only are they Geophagines perceived dangers (such as collectors Geophagines (and all other cichlids for is an elongated sifter and (with all the associated adaptations for with cast nets). that matter) in the manner of their breed- adult males are unmistakable. They pos- ing, however. They are substratum sess red unpaired fins, a red patch on the spawners, but the females dig extensive gill covers, and unique black markings tunnel networks in the substrate and including a “collar” running from behind actively court the males from these tun- the gill covers up to the back just in front nels and the surrounding territory. of the dorsal fin and a “mask” which runs up from the lower jaws to the eyes then Guianacara Kullander & Nijssen 1989 angles forward around to the front of the The species of Guianacara are also not face. true Geophagines but, like Acarichthys, Gg. gymnogenys, like Gg. balzanii, is a resemble them in most ways. They also polygynous, delayed, maternal mouth- Gg. lacustris have many similarities to Aequidens brooder.tralis The other members of the species and other Acaras so Leibel often gymnogenys complex are Gg. labiatus, includes them in articles on Acaras. In , and, quite notably, Gg. aus- fact, Guianacara geayi was originally which, although known widely by described as Acara geayi and known for name in the hobby, is unlikely to have a long time as Aequidens geayi. ever been kept in aquaria. Kullander briefly and provisionally Biotodoma Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 assigned this species to Acarichthys The genus name Biotodoma means liv- (apparently, mostly because he didn’t ing-home and refers to Eigenniann & know what else to do with it) but, after fur- Kennedy’s mistaken belief that these ther research, he and Nijssen decided to cichlids are mouthbrooders. In fact, how- create a genus just for geayi and its sister ever, Biotodoma species are substrate species, which they described at the spawners and only move their fry from same time. placecupido to place in their mouths, in the man- From spawning reports and pho- ner of other substrate spawners. tographs it appears that more than one The type species of Biotodoma is B. species of Guianacara has been found in and is sympatric with the other A pair of “Jurupari” PHOTO: John McCormick the hobby under the name geayi, although the true G. geayi does not nominal species of the genus, B. wavrini. Eigenmann 1912 zona sifting), but they are also specialised Acarichthys appear to have been among them. I have Both of these species are quite unim- Acarichthys is a monotypic genus with rapids dwellers with the elongated bodies found both G. owroewefi and G. spheno- pressive as juveniles, but adults possess the single species being A. heckelii. This and reduced swim-bladders that are in store tanks in the mid-west. wonderful rose and coppery colors and species is not a true Geophagine as it favored in fast flowing aquatic environ- These fish, like most species in the blue lines (males) or spots (females) on lacks all of the specialised gill morpholo- ments. genus, are distinguished by subtle differ- their faces. gy that characterises that group. I have ences in the black markings. A third, and as yet undescribed, Three species of Retroculus are recog- included it here, however, as it resembles species of Biotodoma has found its way nised, R. lapidifer, R. septentrionalis, and the true Geophagines in most other The easily distinguished G. sp. “Red into the aquarium hobby. B. sp. “Red Fin R. xinguensis. Leibel reports that, while respects and “fits” well in an article about Cheek” has also recently found its way Tocantins” is a strikingly colored fish with R. lapidifer comes from moderately cool them. A. heckelii is most definitely a sift- into the hobby and been spawned by a lyrate caudal fin and double “pin-stripe” and highly oxygenated waters in the wild, ing species and Steindachner described dedicated aquarists. All Guianacara lines on their flanks. They can be sexed they are in more typical tropical it as Geophagus thayeri in 1875. (This species look a bit like overgrown, golden as the other species in the genus. aquariums10. was over 25 years after the species was rams with black markings.

12 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 13 PapiliochromisHump-head Kullander 1977 parentalApistogramma role to playspecies once differfertilisation from thattorial thesemale’s fishdominion lack andscales fertilise on sometheir maternaland bred mouthbrooder.species ideal for That beginners, is to say, to EartheatersPapiliochromis ramirezi, the popular mosthas taken other place. Geophagines in a number of cheeksor all of and the waseggs the before primary the characterdominant ademanding single male and holds difficult a breeding fish that territory are Ram of the aquarium hobby, is a true respects,Brasiliensoids mostly having to do with usedmale hasto establishthe chance the to. genus in 1918. inmore which challenging several thanfemales Discus. care In forgener- the Geophagine,The fish I despiteam referring its small to size. here This as reproduction. They are also more elon- Since“Sneaker then males”many ichthyologistsonly occur in situa-have eggsal, all andmembers fry and of the a genus females can carry be kept the facthump-head is reflected earth-eaters, in the other like generic the gateAnother than mostgroup Geophagines. of orphaned species consideredtions where thissome character males areas unabletoo weak to fryin the in their same mouths, approximate though conditions, not the eggs. but namespecies sometimes of Satanoperca applied above,to this werefish, formerlyApistogramma belonging species to Geophagus are harem- are toestablish justify territoriesa genus ofand their counted own and these will forbrasiliensisQuite breeding unlike it Gg. may balzanii be necessaryare a group to Microgeophagus.regarded as belonging Papiliochromis, to Geophagus for its polygynous,the brasiliensoids. cave-spawning Currently cichlids. there isA speciesbecome asterritorial belonging males to Geophagus. themselves, In ofknow species the precise regarded species as belonging that one tois part,until thatmeans genus (roughly) was restricted “butterfly recently. cichlid” maleonly willone guard recognised a territory species in which in sev-this 1976,with the however, accompanying Gosse impressive re-examined col- Gymnogeophagus,dealing with (see Breeding but resembling below). ‘G.’ andUnlike refers the toSatanoperca the other common species, namehow- eralgroup, females ‘Geophagus’ breed and brasiliensis the care, ofwhich the theseors and fish finnage, and discovered if a space that opens they uppos- in more in overall shape and forever, Rams. this (According group toof thespecies somewhat is eggsis ostensibly and fry isa commonexclusively aquarium the female’s fish. sessedthe region’s unique hierarchy. skeletal structures at the coloration.Water TheParameters best-known species in twisted“orphaned”, rules that of is,zoological temporarily nomencla- lacking domain.However, once a modern review of frontApistogrammoides of the dorsal fin including Mcinken 1965 an this complex is Gg. rhabdotus, although these fish takes place I believe that a “antrorse spine” that is not found in any manyGeophagines fish sold under can bethis found name in are all not of ture,a proper Microgeophagus generic placement. is currently the Like most cave-spawning cichlids, The final genus of Geophagine is the number of separate species will be other New World cichlid. While the thisthe fishwater at all.types As inI haveSouth shown America. else- proper generic name for this species, territorial males and females are easily monotypic Apistogrammoides. As steindachneriThe best known species of this group recognised within this group. genus Gymnogeophagus contains dis- whereSpecies7, manyof Guianacara of the fish (which sold locallycome although it was never properly erected distinguished. Territorial males are larg- implied by the name, Apistogram- in the aquarium hobby is “Geophagus” Brasiliensoids known in the hobby tinct groups within it and may at some underfrom the this rivers name of theare Guiananreally brasilien- shield), and, I’m confident, will eventually be er, more colorful, and have more moides is closely related to Apisto- , the “Red-Hump Earth- are biparental, substrate spawners and point be split into distinct genera or sub- soidsthe Hump-head as they lack Earth-eatersthe unique skeletal (from discarded in favor of Papiliochromis.) impressive finnage. Outside of spawn- gramma. It differs primarily by the eater.” This fish has gone by many are notably more aggressive than most genera, these skeletal features ensure featuresPanama andof theGymnogeophagus. northern-flowing riversPaul A second species in this genus was ing, females are generally light grayish number of hard rays in the anal fin. In tralis names in the aquarium hobby, including other Geophagines. that these species will always be set Loiselleof Columbia), has andwritten the widelyBrasiliensoids about recentlydachneri recognised. The Bolivian Ram, or tannish with muted black markings. Apistogramma, three to four rays are G. magdalenae, G. hondae (both apart from all other cichlids. Gg.(from rhabdotus the coastalunder rivers the of name Brazil) Gg. all aus- hail P. altispinosa, is a higher-bodied fish WhenWayne spawning Leibel has or spawnspeculated tending, that theon typical. In Apistogrammoides, the range invalid junior synonyms for G. stein- from 8, moderatelybut it is nowhard, known and thatrelatively that with a lyrate caudal fin. thebrasiliensoids other hand, are females closely acquire related a tobright the is Theseven type to nine. species of Gymnogeo- grin ) and G. pellegrini. “G.” pelle- neutral waters. These fish can be com- golden-yellowrhabdotus complex base color species with darkof phagus is Gg. balzanii, an unmistakable species is a member of the gymno- Apistogramma Regan 1913 The single species in Apistogram- fortably kept and9 spawned in a wide , properly refers to a different Gymnogeophagus, but I think that the cichlid with a steep cranial profile, espe- genys complex (see below). Also among the true Geophagines black markings. moides is A. pucallpaensis, which is range of pH and hardness values, as species in the bump-head group, and unique skeletal characteristics of that cially in mature males in which the face Gg. rhabdotus is known to be a sim- are the species of Apistogramma. This Quite interestingly, there are non- named for its collecting site of Pucaflpa, long as extremes are avoided. the other described species in this com- genus (see below) preclude a merger of may rise straight up from the mouth to ple substratum spawner. The other two genus includes the smallest of all New territorial males which still manage to Peru. A. pucalipaensis can be treated plex is “G.” crassilabris. these species and those at the generic the top of the head, and nearly unique membersMost other of the Geophagines rhabdotus complex come from are World cichlids and includes at least 60 reproduce. These males look remark- by aquarists as they would species of level. vertical stripes on the flanks which form Gg.more meridionalis cosmopolitan and genera,Gg. setequedas so species. species,These manyfish come of which from remainthe northern- to be ably like females, both to aquarists and Apistogramma. doublebalzanii “pin stripes” on the lower side. specificFinally, information the remainder is needed of the for fishdeter- in described.flowing rivers There of Columbiaare at least and a fromhalf- toGymnogeophagus territorial Apistogramma Ribeiro males. 1918 By (This latter characteristic is shared with Gymnogeophagusminingtus ideal water conditionsbelong forto them.the dozenPanama. groups All are or immediatecomplexes mouth-within foolingThe genusthe nameterritorial Gymnogeophagus male, these Keeping a Biotodoma species. See below.) Gg. gymnogenysIf this information complex. is not Like available, Gg. rhabdo- how- Apistogramma,brooders, and the although males, not like all so species many “sneakermeans, literally, males” nakedare able earth-eater. to slip into The the Geophaginesis a harem span polygynous, the spectrum delayed of ever,, many they fishcan soldbe kept as Gg.in soft gymnogenys to moder- fallAfrican neatly rift-lake into one ofcichlids, the divisions. have no cavesprefix gymnoof ready (naked) females refers within to the the terri- fact cichlid difficulty, from hardy, easily kept ately hard (DH 5-10), slightly acid to

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The exceptions here fewrooted, members potted plantsof theare compatiblerestricted large(the Acaras. species At namethe other referring end ofto the (such as daemon complex of are the Hump-head Earth-eaters which Geophaguswith species that are ofregularly Geophagus, found in whitescale spots).are Satanoperca The true S. species jurupari whichlacks SatanopercaGeophaGeopha and many, though certain- ginesginescome from flowing waters, and species theSatanoperea, hobby are andalmost Biotodoma, uniformly andreferred with anycan sortbe housedof spotting with on Angels its head. and Thesesmall ly not all, Apistogramma) need water of Retroculus which come from swifty toGymnogeophagus as Geophagus balzanii. surinamensis. speciesTetras withoutare delayed problem. mouthbrooders. As long as thatPart is of very a seriessoft (nearly on the unmeasurable cichlids of theflowing New areas World including – check rapids. out the AccordingFood to the current understanding a CloselyTetra relatedis fast to enoughthese two to species avoid hardness)rest at http://www and acid .mn-aquarium.org/(pH around 4). Tank Set-Up of these species, however, it is unlikely arean S.Angelfish, pappaterra it ,is and more apparently than quick sev- These conditions can stress members thatGeophagines, the true Geophagus despite surinamensistheir natural eralenough other to species escape which the eitherattentions need toof of other species, however, so it is im- has ever been found in the hobby or that Satanoperca. Geophagines are, first and foremost, habits, will quickly learn to take food bepari described or need to be matched perativeBy Dean that theHougen aquarist know the sifters. They will spend most of their itfrom will thebe surfacecommercially of the watercollected in captivi- in the withDespite names their which peaceful have previously nature, beenmost breeding requirements of the species time during the lighted hours of the day nearty. However, future, due many to thespecies location remain and treatedsifters areas juniorable tosynonyms hold their for own S. juru-with that he or she is dealing with before small extent of its natural range. somewhat more aggressive cichlids, but Among the North American cichlids, taking up mouthfuls of sand and clumsy at this unnatural feeding situa- leucosticta. These include a species which attempting to provide these sorts of The species referred to in the hobby as do their best if kept with other peaceful there are cichlids with specialised adap- attempting to separate out any food tion and, if kept with more efficient sur- resembles S. pappaterra and hails from extreme conditions. G. surinamensis are, in reality, other fish. 2Good choices for tank mates for tations that allow them to sift food items particles that they can find. For this rea- face feeders, should be given sinking Peru ; a species which resembles S. species of the restricted Geophagus, most large Geophagines include all fromInterestingly, the substrate. it has The been members shown of that the son, the choice of substrate for a sifter foodsG. megasema, to ensure that they receive their but lacks spots on the gill tank should not be taken lightly. Large mostfair share. commonly G. brachybranchus, Acaras3 except Green Terrors, high-bod- someThorichthys Geophagines section thatof “Cichlasoma”,have evolved 1 covers ; a species found in Peru which and G. proximus . These ied South American Cichlasoniines, toand handle some low of pH the levels members in nature of actu- the pebbles or gravel may become lodged Prepared foods can make up the bulk resembles S. jurupari but has a shorter fish can easily be distinguished by Tetras4 and other peaceful characins, allyAmphilophus grow faster section, in water have with elongated a more in a Geophagine’s mouth and cause of the sifter’s diet for keeping. These snout ; and a comparatively small markings on the face, flank, and caudal loracariids of all sizes, carichthyids neutralsnouts whichpH11. This point is downwardapparently and because have injury or death. Sharp gravel is also, should be supplemented with frozen Satanoperca species which apparently fins. (Corydoras and related genera),5 and theythe mouthonly encounter positioned low terminally, pH during andthe quite obviously, also a poor choice. A and/or live foods such as blood worms, ismapiritensis an immediate mouthbrooder . Due to The Geophagus species commonly small pimelodids. Note, however, that dryhave season eyes which as water are setlevels back fall on andthe lack of substrate will not injure these brine shrimp, and glass worms. For its origin, it has been speculated that found in the hobby grow quite large (up while all of these fish are compatible acidshead becomeaway from concentrated. the mouth. A reduced These cichlidsgroup but will frustrate their natural breeding purposes, the balance should this latter fish may match with S. to 30cm TL), but some of the less well- with large Geophagines,6 they are not all growthadaptations rate allow during the thefish todry push season their instinctsas a and deprive the keeper of wit- shift to frozen and live foods for the bulk . known, and recently described species compatible with one another. meansmouth downthat these deeply fish into require the substrateless food nessingwhole, their natural behavior. of the diet and feedings should be apparently stay quite a bit smaller (eg: Satanoperca also contains a complex towithout survive endangering during these their fragilelean eyes.times. includingThe best biparental choice substrate-spawningfor substrate in a heavy (and accompanied by many par- Dwarf Geophagines can be kept with up to 15cm for G. taeniopareius, and of sifters with large spots on their sides WhenIn South the rains America increase there again are and cichlids food Geophagineand delayed tankmouthbrooding is rounded (both silica of tial water changes to maintain water dwarf Acaras and the remaining dwarf less than 11cm for G. grammepareius). and trailers on the last several rays of becomeswhich have more evolved abundant even (andfurther the spe- pH sand.which Thisare foundinert sand in the will Cichlasomines); pose no threat quality). The dwarf Geophagines may South American cichlids, the more Geophagus is known to include sub- their dorsal fins. The best known of rises),cialisation the cichlids’for sifting growth for food accelerates. – they are topolygynous, the fish, will immediate not effect mouthbrooding; water parame- also be conditioned on baby brine- peaceful (and non-piscivorous) high- strate spawners (such as the recently these species is S. daemon, which pos- the Geophagines, which literally means ters,harem and polygynous, has a natural substrate-spawn- look to it. shrimp. bodied South American Cichlasomines Almost all Geophagines need warm describedbranchus G. argyrostictus), delayed sesses two large spots on its side and a the “Earth-eaters”. Ofing; course,and apparently other choiceseven the ofextraordi- coarse Greens are unlikely to be eaten by well-ocellated(eg: Angels, Discus,spot on itsand caudal Festivums), pedun- water in the range of 24-26°C to pros- mouthbrooders (eg: G. brachy- Tetras, Loracariids, and Callichthyids. Of course, Geophagines do not liter- sandnarily orrare, fine monogamous, gravel may alsoimmediate prove most sifters, although peas may be cle. S. daemon is a substrate spawner per. Some species, like those of adequate.mouthbrooding. Obviously, these fine sub- accepted.), Feeder and advanced fish are likelymouthbrood- to grow Dither fish, such as Tetras, are highly Biotodoma,ally eat the onlyearth, grow they well merely in even sift ers (eg: G. megasema). There are with a twist. It buries its eggs under stratesFurther, exclude whereas the reproductiveuse of undergravel strate- and prosper in a Geophagine tank, as recommended for tanks containing warmerthrough temperaturesit. This latter, –however, up to 29°C. they The do probably at least 15 species of 50cm of sand, digs them up when they filtration.gies are generally uniform within a these fish are quite awkward piscivores. dwarf Geophagines, and may also help notablewith great exceptions efficiency. to Besidesthis rule adapta-are the Geophagus, although less than a dozen hatch only to bury the wrigglers again, givenLarge genus, rocks, a rangedriftwood, of strategies and sub- are They will, however, sift hiding fry from to calm large Geophagines and encour- brasiliensoidstions to the facial which structure will live to and allow breed for have been described. and finally digs up the fry when they are mergedpresent rootswithin make someeffective individual territorial the substrate if they get the chance. age breeding. inrooting the home about aquarium in the at 21°C.substrate, Also, ready to be free-swimming. boundariesGeophagine andgenera. spawning sites while speciesGeophagines of Gymnogeophagus have a unique gillmay mor- be The other spotted Satanoperca retaining a natural look to the aquarium. Tank MatesGunther 1862 Breeding keptphology around that 21°C,allows although them to theyeasily gener- sep- Satanoperca speciesacuticeps (S. lilith, which has a single side arate inedible sand from food. From a Appropriately sized flowerpots and Geophagines show a diversity of ally cannot be induced to spawn at this The Genera OneMost ofGeophagines the best known are peaceful sifters in cich- the spot located high up on the side but oth- single mouthful of mixed sand and food, pieces of PVC piping make practical breeding strategies and behaviors temperature. aquariumlids and makehobby good is thecommunity fish usually tank erwise resembles S. daemon, and S. the edible portion is ingested while the hidingGeophagus places andHeckel spawning 1840 caves if unmatched in any other group of New referredresidents. to asThe “ Geophagusmost aggressive jurupari”. , which has three side spots gritAll is Geophaginesspat back out do of bestthe mouthin clean or appearance is not a major concern. World cichlids. Further, as mentioned Like several genera discussed in the AccordingGeophagines to arecurrent the understanding,brasiliensoids, and no ocellus on the caudal spot) have waterpassed and out regular behind partial the gill water covers. changes The dwarf Geophagines will do quite above, breeding strategies and behav- earlier parts of this series, the genus however,which can this hold fish their and own its withclose all relatives but the not been spawned in captivity. are essential to maintaining healthy well in planted tanks and will pose no most aggressive Cichlasomines. The iors may vary from species to species Geophagines are also interesting Geophagus has recently been restrict- really belong in the genus Satanoperca. Satanoperca species tend to grow fish. Especially vulnerable to poor water treat to the plants, but larger species recommendations for tank mates listed within a genus. Finally, the species with- subjects due to their reproductive ed to exclude many of the species that Further, the hobby “Jurupari”, which slowly, but most can get quite large – up quality are species of Satanoperca, may uproot or tear apart live plants. below do not necessarily work well for in a genus may come from different strategies. There are a wide variety of once went by that name. The species possesses white spots on its face and to 30cm in length. Geophagus,reproductive andstrategies Biotodoma. found within the Thisthat remainis not may true be forthought all oflarge by brasiliensoids, which should be kept water types. For these reasons it is

168 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 179 important to know the particular species Another factor that makes spawning spawning,`Perth Cichlid so do Society not be (Inc) alarmed Magazine’ if sand PerthKruckenberg, CS (Inc.)Jenny. 1993. “Experiencing a May Guionacara”. `ACARA’, 1 (2): 9-11. one is dealing with in order to be pre- many Geophagines difficult is sexing sits where`Cichlid the Evening eggs “should” Post’ be. GreatKullander, Lakes Sven O. CS1977. “Papiliochromis gen. April n., a New Genus of South pared to spawn them. the adult fish. As is the general rule with Arnefican Cichlid Fish (Teleostei, Perciformes)”. `Zoologica Scripta’, 6: Apistogramma`Cichlid Evening andPost’ Guinacara Great253-254. Lakes CS May The hardy brasiliensoids, like many cichlids, when parental duties are species`Cichlid and Evening Acarichthys Post’ heckelii are GreatKullander, Lakes Sven O. CS1986. `Cichlid Fishes of June the Amazon River Drainage popular Cichlasomines, are easily shared equally by both parents, the fish sheltered spawners and appropriate of Peru’. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. dachneri `Cichlid Chatter’ GreaterKullander, ChicagoSven O. 1991. “GeophagusCA argyrostictus, May a New Species of spawned and make good beginners’ are essentially sexually isomorphic. cave or tunnel-like areas should be Cichlid Fish from the Rio Xingu, Brazil”. `Cybium’, 15 (2): 129-138. `Cichlid Blues’ Pacific Coast CA May fish. The recently popular ‘G.’ stein- Species of Geophagus and provided. For A. heckelii it may help Kullander, Sven O. and E. J. G. Ferreira. 1988. “A New Satanoperca `DISCUSsions’ AustralianSpecies (Teleostei,Discus Cichlidae)Assoc From the MarchAmazon River Basin in Brazil”. likewise makes a good begin- Satanoperca, and Acarichthys heckelii to fill the intended spawning site with `Cybium’ 12 (4): 343-355. ner’s cichlid. It is easily kept and will are particularly hard to sex. Biotodoma sand`DISCUSsions’ and allow the female to excavate it AustralianKullander, SvenDiscus O. and Assoc Han Nijssen. 1989.May `The Cichlids of Surinam’. E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands. spawn given a diet of only prepared species can be sexed by their facial herself.`The Sifter’ YorkshireKullander, Sven CG O., Ramiro Royero, and Donald March C. Taphom. 1992. “Two foods. In fact, perhaps the only way to markings as noted under the descrip- In `Cichlidae’all, Geophagines & `Newsletter’ exemplify the BritishNew CASpecies of Geophagus (Telcostei: March Cichlidae) from the Rio tion of that genus. Gymnogeophagus, Orinoco Drainage in Venezuela”. `Ichthyological Explorations of prevent a pair of these cichlids from degree`Superfish’ of diversity that may be found QueenslandFreshwaters’, 3 (4):CG 359-375. April/May/June spawning,steindachneri short of separating the male Guianacara, Papiliochromis, and the within a single cichlid lineage, especial- Langhanuner, James K. 1991. “The Ram and its Nomenclature: Which Rowemin’ Name Actually Has Precedence?” `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 147:18-19. andRowemin’ the female, is to reduce the tank brasiliensoids can be sexed by size dif- ly Untilin terms next of trip,breeding happy behaviors. spawnings. Leibel, Wayne S. 1983a. “OnGraham the Identity of Geophagus Rowe acuticeps temperature below 21°C. The fry of ‘G.’ ferences (males are larger) and cranial NOTES: Heckel 1840: Part II”. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 95: 11-19. 1 Leibel, Wayne S. 1983b. “A Case of Immediate Mouthbrooding in are large enough to take profile (males have steeper faces). Axelrods Atlas, for example, shows G. tacniopareius (p. 355, Geophagus surinamensis”. `The Sifter’, 1 (2): 19. finely crushed flake food as a first meal, Territorial males of Apistogramma can picture 5), G. brachybranchus (p. 355, pictures 6-8), G. prox- Leibel, Wayne S. 1984a. “Gosse’s (1975) Revision of the Genus be recognised at a glance, but subdom- imus (p. 356, picture 1), and G. altifrons (p. 356, picture 2), Geophagus: An Abridged Translation Continued”. `The Sifter’, 2 (2): although they will do better on a diet of all labelled as G. surinamensis. THE NEXT24-28. newly hatched brineshrimp. inant males may be difficult to distin- 2 Leibel, 1990, p. 17. Leibel, Wayne S. 1984b. “Heckel’s Thread-Finned Acara: Acarichthys ‘Round 3 Ibid. beckelii”. `Freshwater and Marine Aquaria’, 7 (1):15ff. ‘Round guish from females (see At the other end of the scale, only one 4 Schlesff, 1994, pers. comm. Leibel, Wayne S. “Acarichthys heckelii (Mueller and Troschel 1848)”. Apistogramma, above). Finally, Hump- `Cichlid Index’, 8 (10): 1-2. 5 GENERGENERAATTIONION species of the daemon complex ???, 1994, pers. comm. Leibel, Wayne S. 1986. “Pellegrin’s Humped Eartheater: Introducing the head Earth-eaters can be sexed easily 6 ofSurprisingly Satanoperca there has everare beenfew success-ports of invitation in the May issue of Leibel, 1994, pers. comm. TRUE Geophagus pellegrini”. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 113: 2-1 5. by the humps of the males and by 7 Hougen, 1993 IN FISH FOOD HLeibel,A SWayne A S. 1997a.RR “DemonIV Fish:ED The! Juruparoid Eartheaters”. fullycall onspawned the first in tripcaptivity of the (S. new daemon Tax `Aquarium World’ produced by the 8 males’ more impressive coloration. 1980a, 1980b, 1981, 1995. `Freshwater and Marine Aquarium’, 10 (2): 12ff. itself)Year. andAre thisour exchangeonly once. clubsThe cichlid wor- Federation of New Zealand Aquatic 9 According to systematists currently working with Leibel, Wayne S. 1987b. “Demon Fish: The Juruparoid Eartheaters: Part enthusiastried about thelooking GST forpayable a breeding on the Societies.Blackwater Max Geophagine George veryspecies proud- are Gymnogeophagus. See Reis, et al.,Introducing 1992, p. 271. Ocean StarTwo - Maintenance”. International `Freshwater and Marine Aquarium’, 10 (3): 28ff. 10 1989, p. 24. Leibel, Wayne S. 1987c. “The Rainbow Eartheater is NOT challenge should move right past the Gymnogeophagus australis”. `Buntbarsche Builetin’, 119: 2-9. invitations, or is it that all those ded- especiallyly details difficultthe occupants to spawn and as theirthey 11 See Newman. innovative Cichlid and Spirulina comparatively easy Discus to the mem- need very soft water in order for their Leibel, Wayne S. 1988a. “Collecting New Cichlids the Easy Way: A icated hobbyists are so busy trying stories in “Max’s African Cichlid BIBLIOGRAPHY: Reluctant Explorer Hits Paydirt in Peru”. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 124: 2- bers of the daemon complex, but only if ® floating/sinking pellets – as well as the® to sort out how the GST will affect eggsTank”. to be fertilised (in hard water the Axelrod, Herbert R. and Leonard P. Schultz. 1993. `Handbook of Tropical 13. he or she is truly prepared. These fish eggs close up before the sperm can Aguarium Fishes’. TFH Publications, Neptune City,best NJ. flake foodLeibel, available. Wayne S. 1988b. “A Reconsideration of the Genus them that they had no time to write Axelrod, Herbert R. “The Golden and Normal Ram: Microgeophogus Gymnogeophagus”. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 129: 18-26. do not make good beginners cichlids. penetrate)Finally we and are a off low to JerseypH to Shoretrigger (Apistogramma) ramirezi”. In `Breeding Aquarium Fishes, Book 2’, TFH Leibel, Wayne S. 1989a. “Geophagus pellegrini Regan 1912”. `Cichlid Notarticles? only are they extremely difficult to spawningAS in answer and toallow the forinvitation a reasonable in the Publications, Neptune City,ASK NJ, 344-352. AT YOUR FAVORITEIndex’, 9 (9): 1-2. RETAILER Axelrod, Herbert R, Warren E. Burgess, Neal Pronek, and Jerry G. Walls. Leibel, Wayne S. 1989b. “What’s New in Neotropicals”. `Buntbarsche spawn,Our firstbut stopmany isvery The experienced Aquarium sexJune ratio issue in the of `Thefry. Shoreline’. Chris 1989. `Dr Axelrod’s Atlas of Freshwater Aquarium Fishes, 3rd Edition’. Bulletin’, 132: 22-28. aquaristsSociety ofhave Victoria trouble in just response maintaining to Borgese explains the intricacies of T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ. Leibel, Wayne S. 1990. “Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel 1840)”. them in captivity. Finally, because most Geophagines Burgess, Warren E. 1982. “It’s Microgeophagus!” `TFH’, 30 (10):7. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 140: 15-20. the invitation included in the May are“Breeding so peaceful, Cyphotilapia a crowded frontosa”. tank or Calhoun, John. “Spawning the Acahichthys heckelii”. `Cichlid Chatter’. Leibel, Wayne S. 1990. “Gymnoogeophagus gymnogenys For Once and heckelii Reprinted in `ACARA’, 1 (2):6-8,1993.LLiivviinngg PPiiccttuurree AAForqq All!”uu `Buntbarscheaarriiuu Bulletin’,mm 140: 21-24. Other Geophagines which are chal- issue of `Finchat’. They are aggressiveThere is also take an excellentmates will report inhibit on Cardwell, Jeff. 1993. “A Dream Trip: Cichlids on the Xingu”. `Cichlid Leibel, Wayne S. 1993a. `A Fishkeeper’ss Guide to South American lenging to breed include Acarichthys intrigued by Don Danko’s “Methods spawningtheir annual behavior. trip to tour the Florida News’, 3 (2): 5-9. Cichlids’. Tetra Press Blackburg, VA. , the other Satanoperca species Dietrich, Eric. 1991. “Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys - At Long Last!” Leibel, Wayne S. 1993a. “CichlidsMelways of the Ref: Americas Map - 41Part B9 9: South of Managing Aggression when fish farms. `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 145: 15-16.* Expert advice American Eartheaters”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 5 (4): 44-51. (the juruparoids), Biotodoma species, Most Geophagines lay their eggs on Eckstein, Ginny. 1983. “Letter to the Editor: Geophagus surinamensis Leibel, Wayne S. 1993b. “Cichlids ofGeelong the Americas Road - Part 10: The andSpawning many speciesLarge of Apistogramma.Cichlids” in flatWe surfaces, had two such invitations as smooth that rocks, we Revisited”.* `The We Sifter’, buy1 (3): 27. (Replyand by editor, sell Wayne tanks S. Leibel, on and Surinmensoids”.fish `Aquarium,Fish Magazine’, 5 (5): 54-59. Volume 72 No 10 of `The Fish pages 27-28.) Leibel, Wayne S. 1993c. “Cichlids of the Americas - Part 11: The One of the keys to spawning many of althoughdeclined the due immediate to non-cichlid mouthbrooders content: Eckstein, Ginny. 1986. “The* pellegriniSpecials Notebook”. `Buntbarscheevery Bulletin’, week Brasiliensoids”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 5 (6): 42-48. theseCulturist’ species and isimpressed patience. Manyby Tommy of the are less likely to be fussy about their 113: 16-17. Leibel, Wayne S. 1993d. “CichlidsService ofRd the Americas - Part Francis15: Eartheater St `Sunfish’ May Sunshine Coast AS Ekinger, Detlef. 1987. “Nachzucht von ‘Geophagus’ daemon” `DCG- Update”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 5 (12): 52-59. largeThompson’s Geophagines “The growBlue quiteDiscus” slowly in spawningand `Fishtales’ site than Maydelayed Eastern mouth- *Informn’ Wide 18 (7): range 132-134. “Breeding of Cichlids of Satanoperca atdaemon”. reasonableLeibel, Wayne S. prices1994a. “Cichlids of the Americas - Part 16: Apistos in andVolume are not 69 matureNo 3 of until the they same are publi-a few brooders or substrate spawners. As Translation by Philip Bruecker, 1993, ACARA, 1 (1):3 the Aquarium”. `Aquaiium Fish Magazine’, 6 (6): 32-43.Living Districts AS. Haeffner, Rich.* 1978.Cichlids “Aequidens geayi *(Pellegrin Tropicals 1902)”. `Cichlid Index’, * GoldfishLeibel, Wayne S. 1994b. “Cichlids of the Americas - PartPicture 17: Apistos in yearscation. old. Dwarf species, on the other noted above, S. daemon lays its eggs in 3 (2): 1-2. Reprinted in `The Sifter’, 2 (2): 14-15, 1984. the Aquarium”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 6 (7): 42-52.Aquarium hand, mature quite rapidly (they are a Fortunatelydepression it thedigs Mustin the Readsubstrate. In Hougen, Dean. 1993. “‘Geophagus’ sp aff brasiliensis”. `ACARA’, 1 (1): 7- Leibel, Wayne S. 1994c. “Cichlids of the Americas - Partis 18: here The Seven OPEN 7 DAYS A WEEK Millars Rd The Land of the Long White Flight Literature will keep us going 10. (other) Dwarfs”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 6 (8): 48-54. essentially annual fish) and may spawn Some Geophagines, notably species of Hougen, Dean. 1994. “Cichlids of the New World: Part Three - Cichlids of Leibel, Wayne S. 1994d. “Cichlids of the Americas - Part 19: The Six atCloud only twobeckons months as post-hatching. we answer the Satanoperca,for some time: will cover their eggs after North America (and Some Close Relatives)”. `Aqua News’, Dwarfs”. `Aquarium Fish Magazine’, 6 (9): 64-70. July/August:555A 7-13. Geelong Rd, Brooklyn 3025 -- Ph/Fax: 9314 7711

186 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 197 Linke, Horst, “Papiliochromis ramirezi: a Little Grey Mouse from Reis, Roberto E., Luiz R. Malabarba, and Carla S. Pavanelli. 1992. Columbia?” `Aquarium Digest International’, 37: 5-6. “Gymnogeophagus setequedas, a New Cichlid Species (Teleostei: Lawrence, John Reeves, David Thorn, Suzette Khaw, Keith Patford PreviouslyLinke, Hord and Wolfgang Staeck. 1984. Amerikanische Cichliden... I: atLabroidei) froma Middle VCS Rio Parana System, BrazilMeeting and Paraguay”. (declined), Bill Phillips and Robert Pearce. Kleine Buntharsche’. Tetra Press, Melle, West Germany. (`American `Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters’, 3 (3): 265-272. Cichlids I: Dwarf Cichlids’) translated by Maureen Pinder. 1989. Richter, Hans-Joachim. 1988. “Microgeophagus altispinoso - The The President then invited all to supper and thanked Vicki Clarkson for American Cichlid Association and Tetra Press. Bolivian Butterfly Cichlid”. `TFH’, 36 (9): 10-18. Loiselle, Paul V. 1967. “The Cupido Cichlid”. `Aquarium Illustrated’, 2 (3): the chicken. The meeting closed at 10.10 pm. It was a cold and frosty night … Oops! SorryRichter, Hans-Joachim. wrong 1989.story. “A Beautiful The Variety June of the Butterfly9, 2000 Ram”. 16-23. Reprinted in `The Sifter, 2 (2): 20-22, 1994. `TFH’, 38 (1): 37-47. Loiselle,meeting Paul V. opened “A Review of atCichocki’s 8.15 Field pm Observations with theon President in the chair. He welcomed all,Biolodoma especially cupido”. `Buntbarsche our guest Bulletin’, 62: speaker 26. Reprinted inMr `The JohnRichter, Charlesworth. Hans-Joachim. 1989. `Complete Everybody Book of Dwarf present Cichlids’. TFH Correspondence: Sifter’, 2 (2): 23, 1984. Publications, Neptune City, NJ. Loiselle,except Paul V.Sebastian 1980a. “South American Zwalf Eartheaters: received Geophagus - theirThe magazine.Scheuermann, Heinrich. Apologies “What is Wrong with were Aequidens?” received `Buntbarsche Manark Printing Bill Genus and its Allies”. `Freshwater and Marine Aquarium’, 3 (6): 23ff. Bulletin’, 69: 9-11. Reprinted in `The Sifter’, 2 (2): 12-13, 1984. Mornington Peninsula Shire Pet & Pony Expo Loiselle,from Paul Aussie V. 1980b. “The Magnussen, Maintenance and Breeding Jann of the Rainbow Reeves,Schulz, Stuart Nini. 1990. Gray,“Biotodoma Maurice Species ‘Red FinBreward, Toncantins.’” KevinEartheater”. Archibald `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, and 80: 1-12. Lynda Haymes. Minutes`Buntbarsche Bulletin’,of the 140: 2-3. May meeting were Commonwealth Bank Statement Loiselle, Paul V. 1981. “A Jewel of Unexpected Provenance”. Schmettkamp, Werner. 1987. “Variety within the Aequidens Genus”. Sunshine Coast AS Author’s Copy for Lynda Haymes received`Freshwater and onMarine a Aquarium’, motion 4 (5): 31ff.moved by Robbie`Aquarium Toth Digest and International’, seconded 28: 6-11. by Anthony Loiselle, Paul V. 1985. `The Cichlid Aquarium’. Tetra Press, Melle, West PIJAC Pet Industry News Caiolfa.Germany. There was no business arisingSpecian, from Anthony the and minutes. Sally M. Winkler. 1977. “Geophagus steindachneri Lombardi, Terry. 1984. “Aequidens geayi - The Hard Way”. `The Sifter’, Eigenmann and Hildebrand, 1910”. `Cichlid Index’, 2 (3): 1-3. EDAS Invitation to their June meeting New members Bill Phillips and DavidStalsberg, Thorn Alf. 1990.were “Keeping welcomed Acarichthys geayi -to Or Maybe the Not!” soci- `TFH’, 2 (2): 16-19. Outgoing: Steve Thompson Certificate of Appreciation Makin,ety Hal.and 1991. “Sneakerpresented Males Among with Apistogramma”. their `Buntbarsche badges etc38 (9): 102-105.by the President. Treasurer’s Bulletin’, 147: 26-34. Stawikowsici, Rainer and Uwe Werner. 1998. `Die Buntharsche der AJ Parkes Badge order NewmamReport Lee. was1992. “Observations tabled. on Correspondencethe Growth of Geophagus ‘suri- wasNeuen tabled Welt: Sudamerika’. (see Essen,below). West Germany. Anthony Caiolfa Ç namensis.’” `Buntbarsche Bulletin’, 152: 16-21. Stiassny, Melanie L. J. 1991. “Phylogenctic Intrarelationships of the Newman,Lee.The President 1993. “Maintenance reported of a ‘Spotted that Demonfish’, as the resultFamily Cichlidae: of anAn Overview”. invitation In `Cichlid Fishes:he, Behavior, Graham Ecology, Treasurer’s Report: Satanoperco daemon. `ACARA’, 4, 1 (2): 3. and Evolution’. Miles H. A. Keenleyside (ed.). 1-35. Perlowski,Rowe Bob. and 1992. Daryl“Gymnogeophogus Hutchins balzanii”. `Cichildhad Chatter’,travelled to Geelong to talk to a group of Opening balance at 1/5/2000 ...... $1,560.81 Sept/Oct. Reprinted in `ACARA’, 1 (1), 1993: 12-13. Vierke, Jorg. 1988. `Dwarf Cichlids’. TFH Publications, Neptune City, NJ. Reis,enthusiastic Roberto E. and Luizcichlid R. Malabarba. keepers 1988. “Revision about of the the Winkchnumi,society Herbert and “Highly cichlid developed mouth-broodingkeeping. in theThose American Income ...... 106.00 presentNectropical Cichlidhad Genus an Gymnogeophagusenjoyable Ribeim, night 1918, exchanging with Cichlid, ideasGeophogus withsteindachneri”. 16 keen`Aquarium aquaristsDigest International’, descriptions of two new species”. Retva. Brm. Zool., 4: 259-305. 21: 14-16. t Sub-total ...... $1,666.91 John Charlesworth from Davenports then spoke on the potential effects Expenses ...... 140.74 of the GST on breeders, and answered our questions. The President Closing balance at 31.5.2000 ...... $1,526.07 moved a vote of thanks which was carried by acclamation. He presented our guest with a small token of our appreciation. After a short break, an interesting mini auction was held. Thanks to all Aussie was looking for polystyrene for a fish house bidders and to the donors, Sebastian Zwalf, Scott Haymes and the VCS extension recently. Trading Table. If you’re after some, he says he got a good deal from Granville Lawrence then spoke about his experiences as a fish keeper in Panel Tech Industries. You can reach them on 9720 9096. South Africa and Australia. His message – Don’t get that first tank as they Ç Sebastian seem to miraculously multiply. Zwalf A letter from EDAS was read inviting all VCS members to their next meet- ing as they will have an Australian Taxation Office representative present MALVERN to answer all those GST questions that you forgot to ask Mr Charlesworth (or that pop up in the meantime). When did you AQUARIUMS & PET SUPPLIESHOME Draw Prize: First, 3’ Undergravel Filter, Glenn Lacey;fee Second,d the fi sPlant,h las tBill IMPORTERS OF TROPICALS AND GOLDFISH Phillips; Third, Wetlands frozen food, Vicki Clarkson. dear? TANKS MADE TO ORDER SHOW John Reeves reported that Steve Thompson had asked him to pass on FULL RANGE OF PET ACCESSORIES to us his thanks for the hospitality shown to his friends and himself, for the 2000 good attendance and attention to his talk and for the Certificate of EXTENSIVE RANGE OF “BETTACARE” PRODUCTS Appreciation that he received from the VCS. OPEN 6 DAYS – CLOSED WEDNESDAY Graham Rowe and John McCormick Sebastian Zwalf then announced the results of the Wardleys Table 54-56 Glenferrie Road, Malvern -- 9509 1141 Show. Door prizes courtesy of TFH Australia were won by Granville Å Marty Bell Present your current VCS Membership Card and receive a 10% discount. PICTURES: 204 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 215 | | | | | | | | | C O N T E N T S MikeIt has Sheridan, come to myto theattention North thatJersey Show and Auction on May 21, of charge ASnot (no everyone date listed) knows . Maybe that these I can get fortunately though, we can still visit a tape if I contact members. etheir dweb isitet oat www.cichlids.rial Cichlid Scene ...... 1 Geophagines ...... 8-20 pages are always available – free editorial tripod.com/NJAS/NJAS.html– for members to. freeserve.co.uk. Something slightly different is the dhutchins@ advertise their surplus fishes and theage.fairfax.com.auNow for something a little more Editorial ...... 3 Jerseyequipment. Shore This wasbus a surprisetrip toto local. The Australian Discus Home Show 2000 ...... 21 Philadelphia Zoo on August 13. me because it is not that long that Fax:Association 9872-3225 is organising a 7-day ImagineI plugged the the fishy fact tales in this to tome.be told It on trip to major Discus breeders and Minutes of Previous Meeting . . . 4-5 that trip. If you are in the area at that seems to me that I recall it being dealers in Penang for $899 per per- time and are interested call Buddy Jawlockings ...... 22-23 mentioned from the chair at the helpson. toIt preventis on August such errors6-12. occur-Contact onbeginning 00 11 of1 the732 year 988 also. 9043 or at Correspondence ...... 5 [email protected]. ringGay inon the 02 future. 9613 3008 or email You can also write your ads on the australiandiscusassociation@hot If you can’t make that outing., Applications for the vacant position whiteboard at general meetings – ofmail.com Social Secretaryfor more have information. been JAWLOCKINJAWLOCKINBAA Mess-UpsGSGS ...... 24 thenfor which, maybe whiteboard you can attend markers the canjoint Treasurer’s Report ...... 5 presentation of Jersey Shore AS ratherThere disappointing.was a meeting Unfortunately of the ADA in, be found in the barrel on the front weMelbourne now have on anotherMay 21. positionIf you missed anddesk North if there Jersey are ASnone … already New Jersey on Tropical Fish Weekend availableit but want as toLynda find hasout foundmore itabout AtRowemin’ this stage ‘Round you . . . should...... be . . 6-7too (gotWardley to give Table peoples’ Show Calendar purses .time . . 24 to the board. necessaryfuture meetings to call etc it a ring day. Charlie So on busy getting organised to attend the recover). Contact Hilary on 00 11 1 Extravaganza on October 20-22. ContactDon’t forget Christine also, foron your00 11 ultimate 1 732 you’re9747 1669. not the social type – why ACA Convention on July 20-23 in 216 752 7329 or at Alacerda convenience, you can place goods not try Committee-at-large. Cleveland. If you aren’t then @Compuserve.com for all the 290 7942 or at [email protected] to That will have to be enough. Any register.directly on the Trading Table. more and I think I will be a single http://Clik.to/CichlidThe Victorian Cichlidbefore Society wasit is formed too by details.cichlidophiles in March 1972 thus becoming the There is a commission charged for late. firstIf youspecialist are aquarist looking group for in the other State of Victoria. Its main aims are: Unfortunately we missed the fishkeeper. (Why would anyone Unfortunately I received notice of this latter service when the goods shows1. to To visitpromote ... thehere keeping you of are. cichlids; Greater Manchester CS Cichlid want to keep only one fish?? – Ed.) Dave Locey’s great presentation to are sold. August2. To gain5-6 andare disseminate the dates knowledge of the of cichlids,the Pacific their habits Coast and attributes CA too through late to the give use ApologiesEnvy Corner are in (just order for I somethingfeel to different, all prices are Pounds Sterling, GAAS of Ultra-Aquaslides, films, books, Show lectures, andpractical demonstrations,you a good chancelocal and tooverseas hear magazines,and see theMark currency Coleman, of the a NSW United visitor Kingdom) to : articles by members and discussions with fellow members or experts in the field; Auction. Contact Bud on 00 11 1 it. It is/was on July 8 and the title is ourCyphotilapia recent auction, frontosa who was good 1” 2.00 330 3.848 To assist, 3856 in any wayor possible, Bwhite the establishment“Munchkins and/or maintenanceto Monsters: of approved Central public enough to send me pictures of the aquaria; Julidochromis marlieri 1” For .75 all Buy your 3, get 3 free! @neo.rr.com for more details. American Cichlids”. If you think you Fish-OnlyNeolamprologus Auction for pulcher the June“Daffodil 1” .75 Buy 3, get 3 free! 4. To be involved in the education of the cangeneral make public it, withor perhapsregard to theplead benefits for aof magazine. I’m afraid I made them signwriting requirements Youngstown Area TFS Show and Aulonocara baenschi “benga” 2” 2.50 fishkeeping (particularly cichlids), andcopy the potentiallyof the talk, harmful then effects contact of animalJoJo a bit on the light side. Because of Auction is on August 19-20. mismanagement; on 00 11 1 650 497 0059 or visit theCyprichromis way we are forced microlepidotus to repro- 2”COMPUTER-CUT 2.50 Contact Robin on 00 11 1 330 5. To promote fellowship between members;their new web site at www.cichlid duceMelanochromis the magazine auratus these days it is 3” Free 270 9198 or at rjencichlidnut SIGNS world.com. necessaryJulidochromis to lighten regani most“Kipili” pictures fry 1.00 @prodigy.net6. To furtherfor the moreconservation information. of species and their natural habitats; a bitNeolamprologus – I’m afraid I overdid brichardi it a little fryCAR, .75TRUCK, BOAT August is the high season for The Northeast Council of 7. To further the identification, distribution, breeding, maintenance and enjoyment of species on those ones. Aims of the Society Aims of Auctions the Society Aims of in thein Familythe USA. Cichlidae. MCAS Show Aquarium Societies is holding their Until next time ... and FACTORY GrahamSIGNS and Auction is on the 26th and 27th. Tropical Fish Showcase 2000 at Actually, image processing is not Factory 1, 11 Swift Way, something that I have had a lot of Disclaimer:The contactOpinions person expressed is Kenherein areat WestportAll oncorrespondence September to: 30 to Dandenong South [email protected] of the authors, and are notor necessarily on 00 October THE1. SECRETARYRegister at www. practice at but, coincidentally, it those11 1 of216 the 701Editor 5612. of TCM or the committee norwalkas.org/nec2000VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY. INC TANGANYIKANseems I am going to get a lot of FISHES WANTED of the Victorian Cichlid Society Inc. You are c/- 23 Mangana Drive, Mulgrave, Victoria, Tropheus“practice” at work: Leptosoma in future whether : Featherfins9706 : Others 5916 considered. encouragedThe Greater to write Chicagoto, or e-mail CA the is Editor hold- on I believe I haveAustralia missed 3170 the talk on I like it or not. Hopefully this will anying subject its Auction raised herein. on September 16 CichlidsFax 9560-7472. by E-mailan old [email protected] acquaintance, Phil: 0413 330 902 – [email protected]

222 VICTORIANVICTORIAN CICHLIDCICHLID SOCIETY SOCIETY INC INC ^^ THETHE CICHLID CICHLID MONTHLY MONTHLY 233 ^ ^ BBAAAA “Mess-Ups”“Mess-Ups” ^ cichlidcichlidWeWe havehave aa fewfew scenescene friendsfriends thatthat 1. Apistogramma borelli > A. reitzigi sb A. reitzigi > A. borelli THE NEXT MEETING will be held on the second Friday of the month at 8 pm sharp 2. Haplochromis mloto > Copadichromis azureus sb H. mloto chrysonotus > (Tradingyouyou Table opens mightmight earlier) in the Courtyardlikelike Room toto at themeetmeet Nunawading ...... Civic Centre, C. azureus Whitehorse Road, Mitcham. Visitors are encouraged to come along. 3. Protomelas similis (Red Empress) > P. taeniolatus sb P. similis (no change) PRESENTATIONS: `Fish Experiences’ – Anthony Caiolfa; 4. Protomelas taeniolatus (Steveneye Tiger) > EASTERNSlide DISTRICTS Quiz; AQUARIUM SOCIETY P. sp Steveneye Tiger sb P. taeniolatus (no change) Meets on Homethe 4thShow Friday Video. of month at the Nunawading 5. Pseudotropheus sp Albino > Metriaclima zebra sb Ps. zebra Albino > DOOR PRIZES: Aqualife. M. zebra Albino Civic Centre, Whitehorse Rd, Nunawading. DRAWCall PRIZES: 9802 3968 or write to PO Box 502, Ringwood 3134. You know the problem, only been Many thanks to all those people 1. $40 Rayonne Voucher. in the job a week and already you who did help me out by pointing out 2. Wine. mess up. Oh well, far be it from me my errors. I will keep on trying. 3. Wetlands frozen food. to change what is standard (more of PLEASE NOTE: Under the rules of TABLEAUSTRALIAN SHOWS & NEW GUINEA FISHES ASSOC a time-honored tradition if you ask the BAA, spawnings can not be Do your own thing. (See page 24.) me – Ed). The above changes Meets bi-monthly at Melbourne Zoo, starting January. considered for First-bred should have been in the May mag- Contact Glenn Briggs on 9725 3665 (AH) Certificates if the the forms are not Check our azine but I did not write them down wwwfor .moreblla information.ze.net.au/~daryllh received within the 120-day, post- Web page: for the Editor to do, so they are a bit spawning time-limit. overdue, sorry (I added a month by COMMITTEE MEMBERS: neglecting to print ‘em, sorry – Ed.) Lynda Haymes PRESIDENT AQUARIUMJohn McCormick SOCIETY5944-3502 LIBRARIAN OF VICTORIAAnthony Caiolfa 9886-5775 VICE-PRES Peter Robinson 9807-8196 TRADING TBL Glenn Lacey 9512-6706 SECRETARY MeetsGraham Rowe on the last9560-7472 Thursday of the month TREASURER Keith Patfordat 29 Grant9716-2425 Street, COMMITTEE Clifton-AT -LARGEHill.: EDITORCall 9478Daryl Hutchins6028 or write9872-3225 to PO Box 140,Lee AshtonClifton Hill9561-5131 3068 WardleyWardley TableTable ShowShow CalendarCalendar 20002000 Facsimile 9872-3225 Granville Lawrence9564-7247 Kevin Archibald Show Keith Patford Show SOCIAL SEC Position vacant Lynda Haymes 9704-2046 February Angels, Uarus and Discus Lake Malawians SHOW SEC Sebastian Zwalf 9885-8651 Jason Taylor 9569-3772 March South Americans Lake Tanganyikans Sub-CommitteeNATIONAL Chairpersons: AUSTRALIANSpecies Maintenance: KILLIFISH Graham Rowe ASSOC. Mailing: Peter April Central Americans African Riverines and Lake Victorians Robinson. Constitution:Meets Daryl BI-monthly Hutchins. BAA: in Lynda members’ Haymes. Handbook: homes. Daryl Hutchins. May South Americans Lake Malawians LIFE MEMBERS: GrahamContact: Rowe, HeinzDavid Staude, Skop Kevin 9563 Archibald, 7231. Keith Patford, June Dwarf Americans Dwarf Africans Danny Genovese and Daryl Hutchins. PUBLIC OFFICER: Daryl Hutchins. July Central Americans Lake Tanganyikans August Pairs (American) Pairs (African) HONORARY MEMBER: Max Davenport. FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY: Graham Rowe.

September South Americans Lake Malawians FOR RENT THIS SPACE Victorian Cichlid Society BRING WHATEVER October Central Americans African Riverine and Lake Victorians MEMBERSHIP© Copyright, Victorian CichlidAPPLICATIONS Society Inc 2000. November Angels, Uarus(CICHLID) and Discus YOU LakeLIKE Tanganyikans or otherAnyone wishing enquiries to reprint material may from be `The directed Cichlid Monthly’ to: for non-commercial December American of Your Choice African of Your Choice purposes, may do so (unless the item is copyright by the author) provided due credit is Thegiven toSecretary, the author and `TCM’ Graham and one Rowecopy of the relevant publication is NOTE: Asian Cichlids may be entered in any show, but must meet the special requirements 23 forwardedMangana to the author,Drive, care Mulgraveof the Secretary. VicEnquiries 3170 re the use of material in other publications may be directed to [email protected]. Ph/fax 9560 7472 -- e-mail [email protected] in June (dwarfs) and August (pairs). 24 VICTORIAN CICHLID SOCIETY INC ^ THE CICHLID MONTHLY 1 cichlidcichlidthe monthly Volume 29, #6 PREMIUM FLAKE FOOD July 2000

Victorian Cichlid

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