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35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 317

Index

feeding on, 79 • A • sterility syndrome, 219 accelerators, 204 scrubber, 176 acclimating new , 95–98 , 212–213, 311 acidity, 210–211, 311 American Marinelife Dealers Association, acriflavin, 273 155, 309 acrylic , 108 , 25, 199–205, 311 actinic lighting, 147, 162, 311 ampullae of Lorenzini, 27 actinic wattage, 147 anaerobic , 312 , 268, 276, 311 anal fin, 22, 311 activated charcoal, 114 anatomy adipose fin, 311 body shape, 20 aeration, 130–132, 191, 194, 214, 311 diagram of, 21 aerator, venturi, 119 feeding, 24 aerobic bacteria, 311 fins, 20–22 aggression, 45, 46, 60, 97–98 respiration, 24–25 aggressive behavior, 262, 280 scales, 23 agonistic behavior, 45, 280 senses, 25–27 air diffuser, 131 , 23–24 air pump, 131–132 anemonefish, Clark’s, 56 , 131–132, 311 anemonefishes. See clownfishes algae anemones. See sea anemones blue-green, 224–225 angelfishes brown, 223 Arabian, 63 in clams, 80 bicolor, 63 in , 74 blue-faced, 64 description, 217, 311 description of family, 29, 55 diatoms, 223 difficult , 63–64 , 224 French, 64 eating by fish and , 220 good choices, 55 excessive, 219–221COPYRIGHTEDking, MATERIAL 64 in gorgonians, 76 Koran, 64 green, 221–222 purple moon, 63 hair, 222 queen, 64 light and needs of, 218–219, 220 regal (royal), 64 macro, 164, 218 rock beauty, 64 micro, 218 three-spot, 63 in mushroom anemones, 73 Annelida ( phylum), 81–82 red, 222 anoxic zones, 181 removing, 220–221 antibiotics, 270 in sea anemones, 71 appetite, loss of, 264 , 164, 217, 218, 221, 223 Aqua Link (Web site), 309 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 318

318 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

Aquaria Central (Web site), 309 Aquatic Book Shop (Web site), 310 Aquariology: Fish Diseases and Water aragonite, 157 Chemistry (Gratzek), 306 archerfishes, 184 , 13, 312 area conversions, 296–297 argulids, 275 fish capacity, 105–106 Aristotle’s lantern, 90 hospital tank, 268–269 Arthropoda (invertebrate phylum), 83–87 placement, 102–104, 187–188 arthropods rinsing, 188 , 83–84 size, 104–106 description, 83 tank types, 106–108 lobsters, 85, 292 weight, 103 , 86–87, 292 Aquarium Advice (Web site), 309 Atlas of (Burgess, Aquarium (Stratton), 307 Axelrod and Hunziker), 306 Aquarium Fish (Mills), 306 Aquarium Fish.com (Web site), 309 Aquarium Global Resource (Web site), 309 • B • aquarium setup background adding water, 191 description, 155–156 aeration, 191, 194 diorama, 156 background, 188 paint, 156 filter, 188–190, 192–194 stick-on, 156 fish, adding, 195 tank, 188 heater, 191, 192 bacteria hood, 192 aerobic and anaerobic, 311 lighting, 194 in maturation process, 202–204 , 195 in cycle, 200–201 maturing, 195 seeding aquarium with, 203 ornamentation, 190–191 bacterial infections, 270–271 placement of stand aquarium, 187–188 bags, air space in, 95 salt addition, 192 Bailey, M. (The Ultimate Aquarium), 305 , 190 bannerfish, 52 thermometer, 192 barbel, 26, 312 24-hour adjustments, 194 The Basic Marine Aquarium (Bower), 305 water conditioning, 192 basslets, fairy Aquarium.net (Web site), 309 black-cap gramma, 62 Aquariums For Dummies (Hargrove, M.), 306 description of family, 34 aquascape benthic, 224 coral, 162–164 bicarbonates, 212 definition, 312 bimetallic strip, 139 gravel, 157–158 bioballs, 124, 231 natural look, 154–155 bioload, 202, 205, 312 ornaments, 165 biological filtration , 164 description, 113–114, 312 rock, 158–162 by live rock, 124 rules for, 154 , 200–201 water chemistry, effect on, 154 with undergravel filter, 114, 118–120 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 319

Index 319

biowheels, 120–121 Keeping Marine Fish: An Aquarium Guide bivalves, 80, 292 (Lundegaard), 306 black spot, 274 The Macmillan Book of the Marine blackworms, 250 Aquarium (Dakin), 306 blanching vegetables, 246 The Marine Aquarium Manual bleach, 275 (Melzak), 306 blennies Marine Aquariums: A Complete bicolor, 51 Introduction (Burgess), 305 description of family, 30–31 A PocketExpert Guide to Marine difficult species, 61 Invertebrates: 500+ Essential-to-Know false cleanerfish, 61 Aquarium Species (Shimek), 307 good choices, 51 The : A Comprehensive Midas, 51 Guide to the Identification and Care of Persian, 51 Tropical , 306 redlip, 61 Reef Fishes, Volume 1: A Guide to Their blue devil, 64 Identification (Michael), 306 blue-green algae, 224–225 Aquariums (Spotte), 307 books Setting Up a Saltwater Aquarium, An Aquariology: Fish Diseases and Water Owner’s Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet Chemistry (Gratzek), 306 (Skomal), 307 Aquarium Filtration (Stratton), 307 The Tropical Marine Fish Survival Manual Aquarium Fish (Mills), 306 (Kay), 306 Aquariums For Dummies The Ultimate Aquarium (Bailey and (Hargrove, M.), 306 Sandford), 305 Atlas of Marine Aquarium Fishes (Burgess, Your First Marine Aquarium (Tullock), 307 Axelrod and Hunziker), 306 Bower, C.E. (The Basic Marine The Basic Marine Aquarium (Bower), 305 Aquarium), 305 Captive Seawater Fishes: Science and boxfishes Technology (Spotte), 307 avoiding species, 288 Catalogue of the Genera of Recent Fishes description of family, 31 (Eschmeyer), 306 spiny, 62 Clownfishes in the Aquarium (Skomal), 307 spotted, 63 The Complete Aquarium (Scott), 306 , 179, 312 The Conscientious Marine Aquarist brackish water aquarium (Fenner), 306 description, 15, 179–180 The Aquarium: An Owner’s equipment for, 180–182 Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet fishes for, 182–185 (Shimek), 306 plants for, 185–186 The Diversity of Fishes (Helfman, Collette, brine , 247, 248–249, 312 and Facey), 306 bristleworm, 291 The Everything Book (DeVito brown algae, 223 and Skomal), 306 brush, tube, 177 Fish Medicine (Stoskopf), 307 buffering capacity, 211, 212, 214, 312 Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology buoyancy, maintaining, 23–24 (Moyle and Cech, Jr.), 306 Burgess, W.E. An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aquarium Atlas of Marine Aquarium Fishes, 306 Fish (Sandford), 306 Marine Aquariums: A Complete Introduction, 305 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 320

320 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

burrefish, striped, 62 Catalogue of the Genera of Recent Fishes butterflyfishes (Eschmeyer), 306 banded, 61 , description of family, 32 Chevron, 61 caudal fin, 22, 312 copperband, 61 Caulerpa spp., 222 description of family, 31 cauliflower disease, 272 difficult species, 61 Cech, Jr., J.J. (Fishes: An Introduction to four-eyed, 61 Ichthyology), 306 good choices, 52 cephalopods, 81, 291 hooded, 61 charcoal, activated, 114 red tailed, 61 chloramine, 167, 234, 312 red-headed, 61 , 167, 234 saddleback, 61 choosing fish threadfin, 52 attitude, 46 wimplefish, 52 diet, 46–47 yellow long-nosed, 61 finding good choices, 48 health assessment, 94 size, 46 • C • Christmas tree worms, 82 calcareous chromatophores, 23 definition, 312 chromis, blue green, 57 gravel, 157 circulation, 130–133 ornamentation, 154 clams, 80 rock, 159 , 35 carbonate cleanerfish, false, 61 in coral, 73–74, 163 cleaning definition, 312 filters, 229–231 in sea urchins, 89 importance of, 227 calcium hydroxide, 168, 211, 213 schedule, 235–237 calcium, level in water, 215 testing, 231–232 camera, 282–283 tools, 174–177 canister filters, 122, 189, 193, 230 vacuuming, 228–229 capacity, aquarium, 105–106 water changes, 232–235 captive bred fish, 12 clownfishes Captive Seawater Fishes: Science and common, 56 Technology (Spotte), 307 description of family, 32–33 capture stress, 259–260 orange, 56 carapace, 83 sea anemones, 71 carbohydrates, 245 Clownfishes in the Aquarium (Skomal), 307 carbon, activated, 268, 276, 311 clubs, 307 , 199–200, 214–215, 312 Cnidaria (invertebrate phylum), 70–77 carbonate hardness, 212–213 Collette, B.B. (The Diversity of Fishes), 306 cardinalfishes color, faded, 265 description of family, 32 community tank, 312 flamefish, 50 The Complete Aquarium (Scott), 306 pajama, 50 conches, queen, 79, 292 , 47, 244, 254, 312 The Conscientious Marine Aquarist (Fenner), 306 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 321

Index 321

conservation, 155 hermit, 84 conversions, metric horseshoe, 83, 84 area, 296–297 crowding, 261 length, 295–296 crown of thorns , 291 , 295 volume, 297 infestations, 275 weight, 296 species for the aquarium, 83–87 , 275 cryptocaryoniasis, 274 , 216, 270, 274 cysts, 249 coral with, 162–164 artificial, 163–164 • D • dead, 163 Dakin, N. (The Macmillan Book of the fire, 293 Marine Aquarium), 306 horny, 76–77 live, 164 anemonefish, Clark’s, 56 The Coral Reef Aquarium: An Owner’s Guide blue devil, 64 to a Happy Healthy Pet (Shimek), 306 chromis, blue green, 57 coral, soft clownfish, common, 56 finger or colt , 76 description of family, 33 illustration of, 77 difficult species, 64 leather or mushroom corals, 76 good choices, 56–57 pulse or waving hand corals, 76 sergeant major, 56–57 spicules, 76 use in maturation process, 203 coral, stony dealer, choosing, 12–13 algae associated with, 74 dechlorinator, 167 brain corals, 75 decoration bubble corals, 75 background, 155–156 skeleton, 73–74 invertebrates, 164 feeding, 74 setup, 190 plate corals, 75 deionization, 168 polyps, 74 Delbeek, C.J. (The Reef Aquarium: staghorn and elkhorn corals, 74 A Comprehensive Guide to the sun corals, 75 Identification and Care of Tropical vase and frog corals, 74 Marine Invertebrates), 306 coral trout, 65 denitrators, 128 coralfish, pennant, 52 denticles, 23 , 225, 228–229 clown, 62 DeVito, C. (The Everything Tropical Fish queen, 54 Book), 306 counter-current , 126–127 diatom filters, 128 cowries, 79 diatoms, 204, 223, 312 digestive system, anatomy of, 24 anemone, 84 , 74, 224, 273 arrow, 84 diorama, 156 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 322

322 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

dip method, 269 discoloration, 265 • E • diseases earthworms, 250 bacterial, 270–271 black spot, 274 pentamerous radial symmetry, 87 cauliflower disease, 272 sea cucumbers, 90–91, 293 infestations, 275 sea stars, 88–89, 291 cryptocaryoniasis, 274 sea urchins, 89–90 erosion, head and lateral line, 275 sensitivity to , 87 exophiala disease, 273 eels, moray fin rot, 271 avoiding species, 288 fungal, 272–273 description of family, 37 ichthyophonus disease, 272 reticulated, 63 in invertebrates, 273–275, 276 snowflake, 63 lymphocystis, 272 electrical fields, detection of, 27 marine ich, 274 electricity, dangers of, 103–104 marine velvet disease, 273 emergencies marine white spot, 274 leaks, 238 medications, 270 overheating, 238–239 parasitic, 273–275 planning for, 237 poisoning, 276 pollution, 239 stress, 266 power failures, 238 tang turbellarian disease, 274 epidermis, 23 treatment methods, 267–269 equipment. See also specific items trematodes, 275 , 176 tuberculosis, 271 cleaning tools, 174–177 ulcer disease, 271 hydrometer, 168–170 uronema disease, 274 list of needed, 14 vibriosis, 271 logging addition or replacement, 281 viral, 272 nets, 172–174 wasting disease, 271 vacuum, 228–229 whirling disease, 272 water testing, 168–172 distilled water, 235, 312 erosion, head and lateral line, 275 diurnal fishes, 44, 146, 312 Eschmeyer, W.M. (Catalogue of the Genera The Diversity of Fishes (Helfman, Collette, of Recent Fishes), 306 and Facey), 306 , 180 dolomite, 157 euthanasia, 276 doors, locating aquarium near, 103 evaporation , 22, 313 effect on salt level, 109, 209 dottybacks water loss from, 235 description of family, 34 The Everything Tropical Fish Book (DeVito difficult species, 64 and Skomal), 306 good choices, 58 exophiala disease, 273 royal, 64 exoskeleton, 74, 83 strawberry gramma, 58 eyes dragonets, description of family, 34 anatomy, 25 clouded, 265 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 323

Index 323

choosing, 115–116, 129–130 • F • cleaning, 229–231 Facey, D.E. (The Diversity of Fishes), 306 definition, 313 fairy basslets denitrators, 128 black-cap gramma, 62 diatom, 128 description of family, 34 fluidized bed, 125, 190, 193 family, involving in fish keeping, in-line, 126 30, 278, 313 inside box, 116–117, 229 fanworms, 82 live rock, 124–125, 190, 194, 231 featherduster worms, 82 medium, 112–113 feeder, automatic, 254 power filters, 120–121, 189, 193, 230 , 250 protein skimmers, 126–127, 190, 194, 231 feeding reversing flow through, 118–119 anatomy, 24 setup, 188–190, 192–194 appetite, loss of, 264 , 117, 229 , 248–249 trickle, 123–124, 189, 193, 231 carbohydrates, 245 undergravel, 114, 118–120, 189, 193, 230 carnivores, 47, 244, 254, 312 wet-dry, 123–124 choosing fish based on diet, 46–47 filter feeders, 254–255, 313 dried foods, 247 filtration filter feeders, 254–255, 313 biological, 113–114, 312 flake foods, 247–248 chemical, 114 frozen foods, 247, 252 complete water-management systems, 128 guidelines, 250–254 description, 112–113 , 244, 254, 313 foam fractionation, 126 invertebrates, 254–255 importance of, 111 lipids (fats), 245 mechanical, 113, 313 live foods, 248–250 water disinfection, 129 logging, 280–281 fin meaty foods, 246–247 adipose, 311 natural foods, 246–247 anal, 22, 311 omnivores, 244, 314 caudal, 22, 312 overfeeding, 251 dorsal, 22, 313 poor nutrition as stressor, 261 frayed, 265 prepared foods, 247–248 pectoral, 22, 314 proteins, 245 pelvic, 22, 314 traveling, 253–254 shapes, 21 variety of foods, 253 spines, 21, 22 vegetables, 246 uses, 20 vitamins and minerals, 245 fin rot, 271 watching fish during, 252–253 fingerfishes, 183 Fenner, R.M. (The Conscientious Marine , 293 Aquarist), 306 Fish Base (Web site), 310 filefishes fish, families of brackish water description of family, 34 archerfishes, 184 long-nose, 63 mollies, 184–185 filter monos, 183 for brackish water aquarium, 181 puffers, 185 canister, 122, 189, 193, 230 scats, 183–184 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 324

324 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

fish, families of saltwater flamefish, 32, 50 activity levels, 44 flatworms, 77–78, 274 angelfishes, 29, 55, 63–64 floss, filter, 112–114 blennies, 30–31, 51, 61 fluidized bed filter, 125, 190, 193 boxfishes, 31, 63 foam fractionation, 126, 313 boxfishes and trunkfishes, 288 food. See feeding butterflyfishes, 31, 52, 61 formalin, 274 cardinalfishes, 32, 50 foxface, 58–59 catfishes, 32 freeze-drying, 247 clownfishes, 32–33 Freshwater and Marine Aquarium damselfishes, 33, 56–57, 64 (magazine), 308 dottybacks, 34, 58, 64 freshwater dip, 269, 273 dragonets, 34 frustules, 223 fairy basslets, 34, 62 fungal disease, 272–273 filefishes, 34, 63 gobies, 35, 52–53 groupers and sea basses, 35, 288 • G • grunts, 36 gases hawkfishes, 36 carbon dioxide, 199–200, 214–215, 312 lionfishes, 64 , 25, 104, 213–214 lionfishes and scorpionfishes, 37, 288 gasping, 264 moray eels, 37, 63, 288 genus, 30, 313 parrotfishes, 37, 289 gills, 24–25, 313 porcupinefishes, 37, 62 gillslit, 25 pufferfishes, 59, 65 girth, fish, 106 puffers, 38 glass shrimp, 250 rabbitfishes, 38, 58–59 glass tank, 107 sea basses, 58, 65 goby seahorses, 289 description of family, 35, 52 seahorses and pipefishes, 39, 65 lemon, 53 sharks, 39, 287 neon, 53 skates and rays, 287 Randall’s shrimp, 53 snappers, 39, 63, 289 gorgonians, 76–77 squirrelfishes, 39–40, 62 gramma stonefish, 287 black-cap, 62 surgeonfishes and tangs, 40, 48–49, 60 flash-back, 58 sweetlips, 57 strawberry, 58 triggerfishes, 40–41, 50–51, 60–61 Gratzek, J.B. (Aquariology: Fish Diseases trunkfishes, 31 and Water Chemistry), 306 wormfishes, 41 gravel , 41, 54–55, 62 calcareous, 157 Fish Index (Web site), 310 cleaning, 175–176 Fish Medicine (Stoskopf), 307 depth, 158 Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology as filter medium, 114, 118 (Moyle and Cech, Jr.), 306 rinsing, 157 fishnet, 172–174 for seeding bacteria, 203 flagella, 224 size, 158 flagyl, 275 gravel tidy, 118, 158 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 325

Index 325

green algae, 221–222 hydroids, 70 groupers hydrometer avoiding species, 288 calibration, 209 description of family, 35 description, 168–169, 182, 313 golden-stripe, 65 floating, 169 grunts, 36 swing-needle, 170 using, 209 • H • Hygrophila spp., 186 habitat, 47, 313 hair algae, 222 • I • Halimeda spp., 222 ich, marine, 274 handling stress, 259–260 ichthyologists, 11 hard coral. See coral, stony ichthyology, 11, 313 hardness, 212–213, 313 ichthyophonus disease, 272 Hargrove, M. (Aquariums For Dummies), 306 An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aquarium hawkfishes, 36 Fish (Sandford), 306 healthy fish, choosing, 94–95 injury, as stressor, 260–261 hearing, 26 Internet resources, 308–310 heater, aquarium invertebrates for brackish water aquarium, 181 to avoid, 291–293 calibration, 140 bivalves, 80, 292 cost, 137 cephalopods, 81, 291 damaged, 137 classification, 68 depth and length, 143 corals, soft, 76 description, 135–136, 136–137 corals, stony, 73–75 hanging, 137 crabs, 83–84 malfunctions, 238–239, 262 as decorations, 164 multiple, 142–143 definition, 313 need for, 135–136 diseases of, 276 placement, 139 diversity in, 67–68 safety, 143 flatworms, 77–78 setup, 191, 192 lobsters, 85, 292 size, 141–142, 144 phylum Annelida, 81–82 submersible, 138 phylum Arthropoda, 83–87 temperature control, 140 phylum Cnidaria, 70–77 thermal protection, 141 phylum Echinodermata, 87–91 thermostat, 139–140 phylum , 78–81 wattage, 141, 143 phylum Platyhelminthes, 77–78 Helfman, G.S. (The Diversity of Fishes), 306 phylum Porifera, 69 herbivores, 244, 254, 313 polyps, 73 hogfish, Spanish, 54 sea anemones, 70–73 homeostasis, 257–258 sea fans, 76–77 hood, aquarium, 108–109, 192 sea whips, 76–77 hospital tank, 268–269 shrimp, 86–87, 292 Hunziker, III, R.E. (Atlas of Marine Aquarium snails, 78–79, 292 Fishes), 306 , 69 hydras, 70 worms, segmented, 81–82 hydrogen ions, 210 iodine, 168 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 326

326 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

ion-exchange resins, 114 setup, 194 ions, 210 spectrum, 146, 148 iridophores, 23 timer, 151 isopods, 275 tungsten, 148 lionfishes avoiding species, 288 • J • description of family, 37 Java fern, 186 shortfin turkeyfish, 64 jellyfish, 70, 292 lipids (fats), 245 journal. See log, aquarium live rock cleaning, 231 cultured, 160, 162 • K • cured, 161, 203 kalkwasser, 168, 211, 213, 313 cycling/seeding, 162 Kay, G. (The Tropical Marine Fish Survival definition, 313 Manual), 306 as filtration method, 124–125, 195 Keeping Marine Fish: An Aquarium Guide in maturation process, 202–203 (Lundegaard), 306 organisms in, 160–161 kelp, 223 recommendations on, 161–162 kidneys, 28 setup, 190, 194 uncured, 161 live , 157, 195, 202–203, 313 • L • lobster avoiding in aquarium, 292 lagena, 26 flame, 85 lateral line, 26–27, 313 purple spiny, 85 lava rock, 159 location, aquarium, 102–104 laziness, as sign of stress, 264 log, aquarium leaks, 238 on comings and goings, 280 length, 295–296, 313 equipment addition or replacement, 281 light attenuation, 146 feedings, 280–281 light spectrum, visible, 146 fish interactions and behavior, 280 lighting general notes, 282 actinic, 162, 311 importance of, 279 algae, 218, 220 problems, 281 for brackish water aquarium, 181 long bath, 268 combination system, 151 Lundegaard, G. (Keeping Marine Fish: An for coral reef habitat, 145–146 Aquarium Guide), 306 diurnal and nocturnal activity level, lymphocystis, 272 44, 146 fixture types, 147 fluorescent, 148–149 • M • intensity, 146–147 mercury vapor, 150 The Macmillan Book of the Marine metal halide, 150 Aquarium (Dakin), 306 natural light, 148 magazines, 307–308 for photography, 282 maintenance schedule poor as stressor, 261 biweekly, 236 power compact fluorescent, 149 daily, 235–236 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 327

Index 327

monthly, 236 monos, 183 quarterly, 237 mooneyfishes, 183 weekly, 236 moray eels yearly, 237 avoiding species, 288 malachite green, 268, 273 description of family, 37 malathion, 275 reticulated, 63 Malayan angel, 183 snowflake, 63 mandarinfish, 34 mouth, anatomy of, 24 Marine Aquarium Advice (Web site), 310 Moyle, P.B. (Fishes: An Introduction to Marine Aquarium Council, 12, 155, 310 Ichthyology), 306 The Marine Aquarium Manual (Melzak), 306 mucous, 23, 260, 261 Marine Aquariums: A Complete Introduction mulm, 314 (Burgess), 305 mushroom anemones, 73 marine biology, 279 mussels, 80 marine, definition, 313 marine ich, 274 marine velvet disease, 273 • N • marine white spot, 274 naming fish, 277 maturation, 202–204 nares, 26 mebendazole, 275 nauplii, 248, 249, 314 mechanical filtration, 113, 313 nematocysts, 70 medication nets, 172–174 antibiotics, 270, 271 new fish copper, 270, 274 acclimating, 95–98 internal, 269 choosing healthy, 94–95 overdosage, 268 stress and quarantine, 93–94 melanophores, 23 transporting, 95 Melzak, M. (The Marine Aquarium nictitating membranes, 25 Manual), 306 metric conversions algae, 218–219, 220 area, 296–297 definition, 314 length, 295–296 denitrators for reduction of, 128 temperature, 295 in nitrogen cycle, 200, 201, 204 volume, 297 , 201, 314 weight, 296 Michael, S.W. (Reef Fishes, Volume 1: A definition, 314 Guide to Their Identification), 306 in nitrogen cycle, 200, 201, 204 Mills, D. (Aquarium Fish), 306 , 201 minerals, 245, 314 nitrofurazone, 273 mollies, 184–185 nitrogen cycle Mollusca (invertebrate phylum), 78–81 biological filtration, 200–201 mollusks description, 200, 314 bivalves, 80, 292 maturation, 201–204 cephalopods, 81, 291 problems, 205 description, 78 role of bacteria, 201 snails, 78–79, 292 testing, 201 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 328

328 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

Nitrosomonas, 201 nocturnal fishes, 44, 146, 314 •P • nudibranchs, 79 paint, background, 156 , 243 parasitic infestations nutrition, poor as stressor, 261 black spot, 274 crustacean infestations, 275 • O • cryptocaryoniasis, 274 definition, 314 observing fish marine ich, 274 appetite loss, 264 marine velvet disease, 273 discoloration, 265 marine white spot, 274 eyes, clouded, 265 tang turbellarian disease, 274 fins, frayed, 265 trematodes, 275 gasping, 264 uronema disease, 274 laziness, 264 parrotfishes for relaxation, 278 avoiding species, 289 rubbing/twitching behavior, 264 description of family, 37 showing off, 278–279 pectoral fin, 22, 314 stomach appearance, 265 pelagic, definition, 314 writing down in log, 280 , 22, 314 octopuses, 81, 291 pets, aquarium fish as, 11 olfactory system, 26 pH omnivores, 244, 314 carbonate hardness, 212–213 , 25, 314 definition, 314 ornamentation. See also aquascape fluctuations, 211 adding to tank, 165 scale, 210–211 calcareous, 154 , 211 setup, 190 pharyngeal jaws, 41 osmoregulation, 28, 314 , 215–216 osmosis, 27, 314 photography, 282–283 osmotic stress, 263 photosynthesis, 314 otoliths, 26 phycoerythin, 222 overcrowding, 105, 261 phytoplankton, 223 overfeeding, 251 pipefishes overheating, 238–239 banded, 65 oxygen description of family, 39 content of water, 25 plankton, 218, 223, 314 dissolved, 213–214 plants measuring, 213–214 aquascaping with, 164 temperature effect on water artificial, 164 content of, 104 for brackish water aquarium, 185–186 oysters, 80 tending, 186 ozone, 129, 314 Platyhelminthes (invertebrate phylum), ozonizers, 115, 129 77–78, 274 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 329

Index 329

A PocketExpert Guide to Marine Invertebrates: 500+ Essential-to-Know • Q • Aquarium Species (Shimek), 307 quarantine period, 93 poisoning, 276 quarantine tank pollution, 239, 259, 261 acclimating fish to, 96–97 polyps, 73 description, 93–94, 172 polystyrene, 110 hospital tank as, 268 porcupinefishes water quality of, 94 common, 62 description of family, 37 long-spine, 62 • R • Porifera (invertebrate phylum), 69 rabbitfishes, 38, 58–59 potassium permanganate, 268 radial symmetry, 70, 87 power failure, 238 radula, 78 power filter rays (fin), 315 biowheels, 120–121 rays (species), 287 canister filters, 122 red algae, 222 cleaning, 230 red slime, 225 definition, 315 red-rim flatworm, 78 external, 120–121, 189, 193 red-tide, 224 internal, 121 The Reef Aquarium: A Comprehensive Guide powerheads, 119–120, 133, 315 to the Identification and Care of Practical (magazine), 308 Tropical Marine Invertebrates, 306 praziquantel, 274, 275 Reef Fishes, Volume 1: A Guide to Their protein skimmer Identification (Michael), 306 cleaning, 231 reef supplements, 168 counter-current, 126–127 reef tank, 315 foam fractionation, 126 relaxation, 278 importance for invertebrates, 68 resources setup, 190, 194 books, 305–307 venturi, 127 clubs, 307 proteins, 245 Internet, 308–310 protozoa, 273, 274 magazines, 307–308 pufferfishes respiration, 24–25, 112, 213 description of family, 38 responsibilities, as aquarist, 13–14 difficult species, 65 , 168 good choices, 59 rock green-spotted, 185 choices, 158–162 spotted sharpnose, 59 dead, 159 white-spotted, 65 lava, 159 pump, air, 131–132 live, 160–162, 195, 202–203 pygmy chain sword, 186 tufa, 159 rotifers, 250 rubbing behavior, 264 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 330

330 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

good choices, 58 • S • wreckfish (sea goldie), 58 sacculus, 26 sea cucumbers sailfin mollie, 184–185 anatomy, 90 salinity avoiding species, 293 brackish water, 182 knobby black, 91 defined, 27, 315 , 91 sensitivity to, 87 sea fans, 76–77 evaporation, effect of, 209 sea goldie, 58 increase from evaporation, 109 sea stars osmoregulation, 28 anatomy, 88 parts-per-thousand (ppt), 208 blue, 89 specific gravity, 209 brittle stars, 89 stress of changes in, 262 limb regeneration, 89 testing, 208–209 orange or elegant, 88 salt. See also salinity sea urchins adding to water, 166–167, 192 anatomy, 89–90 definition, 315 common or short-spined, 90 stress from changing levels of, 262–263 long-spined, 90 salt creep, 104, 315 pencil, 90 salt water sea whips, 76–77 seawater, artificial, 166–168 seafood, 246–247 seawater, natural, 165–166 seahorses sand, live, 157, 195, 202–203, 313 avoiding species, 289 Sandford, G. description of family, 39 An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aquarium lined, 65 Fish, 306 yellow or spotted, 65 The Ultimate Aquarium, 305 seawater scales, 23, 315 artificial, 166–168 scallops, 80 composition, 165, 208 scats, 183–184 natural, 165 school, 45, 315 storing, 167 scorpionfishes Seawater Aquariums (Spotte), 307 avoiding species, 288 , 164, 217–218, 221, 223 description of family, 37 senses Scott, P.W. (The Complete Aquarium), 306 hearing, 26 sea anemones sight, 25–26 algae housed in, 70 smell, 26 clownfish host anemone, 72 taste, 26 description, 70–71 touch, 26–27 feeding, 70 sergeant major, 33, 56–57 Gelam and Malu anemones, 73 Setting Up a Saltwater Aquarium, An long-tentacled anemone, 73 Owner’s Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet pink-tipped anemone, 72 (Skomal), 307 wild versus captive bred, 72 setup. See aquarium setup sea basses shape, body, 20 avoiding species, 288 sharks description of family, 35 avoiding species, 287 difficult species, 65 description of family, 39 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 331

Index 331

Shimek, R. sponge filter, 117, 229 The Coral Reef Aquarium: An Owner’s sponges, 69 Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet, 306 Spotte, S. A PocketExpert Guide to Marine Captive Seawater Fishes: Science and Invertebrates: 500+ Essential-to-Know Technology, 307 Aquarium Species, 307 Seawater Aquariums, 307 shoal, 33, 45, 315 spotted sharpnose pufferfish, 38 shrimp Sprung, J. (The Reef Aquarium: A anemone or commensal, 86 Comprehensive Guide to the banded coral, 86 Identification and Care of Tropical blood (fire), 86 Marine Invertebrates), 307 brine, 247, 248–249, 312 , 81 candy (camelback), 86 squirrelfishes cleaner, 86 common, 62 glass, 250 description of family, 39–40 mantis, 292 stand, aquarium, 109–110, 187 sight, 25–26 starfish, 88–89, 291 silica, 223 sterility syndrome, 219 siphoning water, 233–234 stomach, appearance of, 265 size, fish, 46 stonefish, 287 skates, 287 Stoskopf, M.K. (Fish Medicine), 307 skimmer. See protein skimmer Stratton, R.F. (Aquarium Filtration), 307 Skomal, G.B. stress Clownfishes in the Aquarium, 307 acute, 260, 263 The Everything Tropical Fish Book, 306 aggressive behavior, 262 Setting Up a Saltwater Aquarium, An capture, 259–260 Owner’s Guide to a Happy Healthy chronic, 258, 259 Pet, 307 definition, 257 smell, 26 diagnosis, 265–266 snails, 78–79 disease, 266 snappers disturbances as, 263 avoiding species, 289 handling, 259–260 description of family, 39 injury, 260–261 emperor, 63 lighting, poor, 261 soapfish, six-stripe, 65 in new fish, 93 sound, sensing of, 26 noise, 263 spawning, 315 nutrition, poor, 261 specialty tank, 315 osmotic, 263 species, 30, 315 overcrowding, 261 species tank, 315 recognizing, 263–265 specific gravity salinity changes, 262–263 defined, 27, 182, 209, 315 table of causes, 258 measurement of, 169–170, 209 temperature changes, 262 spicules, 76 transport, 260 spinal cord, severing, 276 water quality, poor, 259 spiral valve, 24 stressor, 257 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 332

332 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

strobe light, 282 temperature. See also heater, aquarium substrate aquarium location, 103 aquarium setup, 190 metric conversions, 295 for brackish water aquarium, 181 oxygen content of water, effect on, 104 definition, 315 preferences of fishes, 135, 136 as filter medium, 114 stress of changes in, 262 gravel, 157–158 when transporting fish, 95 , 157 temperature controller, 145 surface area, 104–105 test, 89 surgeonfishes test kits description of family, 40 alkalinity, 213 difficult species, 60 calcium, 215 good choices, 48–49 phosphate, 216 powder brown, 60 water chemistry, 170–171 sweetlips thermometer description of family, 36 choosing, 143–145 yellow, 57 definition, 316 swim bladder, 23–24, 315 digital, 145 symbiosis, 224, 315 floating, 144 hanging, 144 liquid crystal, 145 • T • setup, 192 tang tubellarian disease, 274 sinking, 144 tangs sticking, 144 Achilles, 60 thermometer-hydrometer, 145 description of family, 40 thermostat difficult species, 60 bimetallic strip, 139 good choices, 48–49 definition, 316 lipstick, 49 electronic, 140 powder blue, 60 threadfin butterflyfish, 31 regal or hippo, 49 timer, lighting, 151 yellow, 49 touch, 26–27 tank transporting fish, 95, 260 acrylic, 108 treatment methods background, 188 description, 267–268 for brackish water aquarium, 180 dip method, 269 glass, 107 direct aquarium treatment, 268 rinsing, 188 hospital tank, 268–269 size, 104–106, 180 internal medication, 269 styles, 106–108 long bath, 268 surface area, 104–105 trematode infestations, 275 tape grass, 186 trichlorfon, 274, 275 taste, 26 trickle filters, 123–124, 189, 193, 231 taste buds, 26 triggerfishes , 30, 315 boomerang, 61 temperate, definition, 315 clown, 61 temperate fishes, 135 description of family, 40–41 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 333

Index 333

difficult species, 60–61 viral diseases, 272 good choices, 50–51 vitamins, 245 Niger, 50–51 volume conversions, 297 queen, 61 undulate, 61 white-lined, 61 • W • tropical, definition, 316 wasting disease, 271 Tropical Fish Hobbyist (magazine), 308 water The Tropical Marine Fish Survival Manual access to, 104 (Kay), 306 balance in fish, 28 trunkfishes conditioning tap water, 167–168 avoiding species, 288 density of, 20 description of family, 31 distilled, 235, 312 tube brush, 177 filling aquarium, 191 tuberculosis, fish, 271 setup, 191 tubifex worms, 250 water changes tubing, air-line, 132 adding water, 234 tufa, 159 amount and frequency, 232 Tullock, J.H. (Your First Marine siphoning water, 233–234 Aquarium), 307 topping off, 235 Turbellaria, 77–78 water chemistry turkeyfish, shortfin, 64 aquascaping, effect of, 154 tuskfish, harlequin, 62 test kits, 170–171 twitching behavior, 264 water conditioner, 167, 192, 234 water disinfection, 129 water quality • U • calcium, 215 ulcer disease, 271 carbon dioxide level, 214–215 The Ultimate Aquarium (Bailey and copper, 216 Sandford), 305 gases, 213–215 ultraviolet (UV) light, 146, 316 hardness, 212–213 ultraviolet (UV) sterilizers, 115, 129 importance of, 207–208 undergravel filters, 114, 118–120, oxygen level, 213–214 189, 193, 230 pH, 210–211 unicornfish, orange-spine, 49 phosphate, 215–216 uronema disease, 274 pollution, 259, 261 quarantine tank, 94 salinity, 208–209 • V • specific gravity, 209 vacuum stress of, 259 aquarium, 228–229 water sprite, 186 gravel, 175–176 water testing Valonia spp., 222 actions required, 232 vegetables, 246 description, 231 velvet disease, marine, 273 hydrometer, 168–170 venturi skimmer, 127 test kits, 170–171 vibriosis, 271 test probes, 172 35_068051 bindex.qxp 11/21/06 12:08 AM Page 334

334 Saltwater Aquariums For Dummies, 2nd Edition

wattage wrasses actinic, 147 African clown, 54 heater, 141, 143 birdmouth, 62 lighting, 147 bluestreak cleaner, 54–55 wavemaker, 133 canary, 55 Web site clown coris, 62 American Marinelife Dealers Association, description of family, 41 155, 309 difficult species, 62 Aqua Link, 309 dwarf parrot, 62 Aquaria Central, 309 good choices, 54–55 Aquarium Advice, 309 harlequin tuskfish, 62 Aquarium Fish.com, 309 moon, 62 Aquarium Global Resource, 309 Spanish hogfish, 54 Aquarium.net, 309 twin-spot, 62 Aquatic Book Shop, 310 wreckfish, 58 Fish Base, 310 Fish Index, 310 Freshwater and Marine Aquarium • X • (magazine), 308 xanthophores, 23 Marine Aquarium Advice, 310 xanthophyll pigment, 223 Marine Aquarium Council, 12, 155, 310 Practical Fishkeeping (magazine), 308 Tropical Fish Hobbyist (magazine), 308 • Y • weight conversions, 296 yellow sweetlips, 36 weight, of aquarium, 103 Your First Marine Aquarium (Tullock), 307 wet-dry filters, 123–124 whirling disease, 272 white spot, marine, 274 • Z • wimplefish, 52 zeolite, 114 windows, locating aquarium near, 102–103 , 223 wormfishes, 41 zooxanthellae, 71, 74, 146, 224 worms, segmented, 81–82, 291