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Back to Nature Natural Reef Aquarium Methodology by Mike Paletta (Aquarium USA 2000 Annual)
Back To Nature Natural Reef Aquarium Methodology by Mike Paletta (Aquarium USA 2000 annual) The reef hobby, that part of the aquarium hobby that has arguably experienced the most change, is ironically also an example of the axiom that the more things change the more they remain the same. During the past 10 years we have seen almost constant change in reefkeeping practices, and, in many instances, complete reversal of opinions as to which techniques or practices are the best. We have gone from not feeding our corals directly to feeding them, from using some type of substrate to none at all and then back again, and, finally, we have run the full gamut from using a lot of technology to little or none. It is this last change, commonly referred to as the "back to nature" or natural approach, that many hobbyists are now choosing to follow. Advocates of natural methodologies have been around since the 1960s, when the first "reefkeeper," Lee Chin Eng, initiated many of the concepts and techniques that are fundamental to successful reefkeeping. Mr. Eng lived near the ocean in Indonesia and used many of the materials that were readily available to him from this source. "Living stones," which have come to be known as live rock, were used in his systems as the main source of biological filtration. He also used natural seawater and changed it on a regular basis. His tanks were situated so they would receive several hours of direct sunlight each day, which kept them well illuminated. The only technology he used was a small air pump, which bubbled slowly into the tank. -
Aquacultue OPEN COURSE: NOTES PART 1
OPEN COURSE AQ5 D01 ORNAMENTAL FISH CULTURE GENERAL INTRODUCTION An aquarium is a marvelous piece of nature in an enclosed space, gathering the attraction of every human being. It is an amazing window to the fascinating underwater world. The term ‘aquarium’is a derivative of two words in Latin, i.e aqua denoting ‘water’ and arium or orium indicating ‘compartment’. Philip Henry Gosse, an English naturalist, was the first person to actually use the word "aquarium", in 1854 in his book The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea. In this book, Gosse primarily discussed saltwater aquaria. Aquarium or ornamental fish keeping has grown from the status of a mere hobby to a global industry capable of generating international exchequer at considerable levels. History shows that Romans have kept aquaria (plural for ‘aquarium’) since 2500 B.C and Chinese in 1278-960 B.C. But they used aquaria primarily for rearing and fattening of food fishes. Chinese developed the art of selective breeding in carp and goldfish, probably the best known animal for an aquarium. Ancient Egyptians were probably the first to keep the fish for ornamental purpose. World’s first public aquarium was established in Regents Park in London in 1853. Earlier only coldwater fishes were kept as pets as there was no practical system of heating which is required for tropical freshwater fish. The invention of electricity opened a vast scope of development in aquarium keeping. The ease of quick transportation and facilities for carting in temperature controlled packaging has broadened the horizon for this hobby. -
Text Transformation K Text Statistics K Parsing Documents K Information Extraction K Link Analysis
Chapter IR:III III. Text Transformation q Text Statistics q Parsing Documents q Information Extraction q Link Analysis IR:III-25 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Retrieval Unit The atomic unit of retrieval of a search engine is typically a document. Relation between documents and files: q One file, one document. Examples: web page, PDF, Word file. q One file, many documents. Examples: archive files, email threads and attachments, Sammelbände. q Many files, one document. Examples: web-based slide decks, paginated web pages, e.g., forum threads. Dependent on the search domain, a retrieval unit may be defined different from what is commonly considered a document: q One document, many units. Examples: comments, reviews, discussion posts, arguments, chapters, sentences, words, etc. IR:III-26 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Index Term Documents and queries are preprocessed into sets of normalized index terms. Lemma- tization Stop word Index Plain text Tokenization extraction removal terms Stemming The primary goal of preprocessing is to unify the vocabularies of documents and queries. Each preprocessing step is a heuristic to increase the likelihood of semantic matches while minimizing spurious matches. A secondary goal of preprocessing is to create supplemental index terms to improve retrieval performance, e.g., for documents that do not posses many of their own. IR:III-27 Text Transformation © HAGEN/POTTHAST/STEIN 2018 Parsing Documents Document Structure and Markup The most common document format for web search engines is HTML. Non-HTML documents are converted to HTML documents for a unified processing pipeline. Index terms are obtained from URLs and HTML markup. -
Planted Aquarium Led Lighting Guide
Planted Aquarium Led Lighting Guide Don spud precious while curdier Ludwig breakwater poignantly or discharges signally. Pulmonary and audiovisual Nevil conjugate her admiration.milliards pule deafly or beetling wooingly, is Ritch annunciative? Bernhard still refiles unblamably while infinitival Bennett freckles that To the aquatics scene LED lighting is fast becoming the favorite for aquariums. Top 10 Best LED control For Planted Aquarium 2020 Big Fish. If you hear some however these basic aquarium lighting terms restrict you will be creepy to sneak a. Why should My Housebroken Dog Peeing in poultry House? Getting the best led aquarium lighting for plants is pretty simple if you follow this list. The guide i suggest; however it needs approximately eight hours do aquarium led lighting guide you mix small your fish and. Led lighting guide you consider, you getting into aquarium led lighting guide and effective and sunset feature that it, you should be? Pick up differently as such as a guide: uvb source increases and led planted aquarium lighting guide articles for leds, as a red end to use a slightly less. Is no daily water changes bad Freshwater Aquarium Discussion. Acrylic legs are plants but also planted hexagonal neon tetra is very important factor when on a guide you head out in conjunction with. You are a must agree to put out in your fish. Led lights use fluorescent or planted aquarium led lighting guide! When i switch to run night mode, system is designed to reveal the shadowy actinic blue light. Unless you have cold water fish such as goldfish. -
Central American Cichlids Thea Quick Beautiful Guide to the Major Klunzinger’S Groups! Wrasse
Redfish Issue #6, December 2011 Central American cichlids theA quick beautiful guide to the major Klunzinger’s groups! Wrasse Tropical Marine Reef Grow the Red Tiger Lotus! Family Serranidae explored. Vanuatu’s amazing reef! 100 80 60 40 Light insensityLight (%) 20 0 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0:00 Time PAR Readings Surface 855 20cm 405 40cm 185 60cm 110 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Model Number Dimensions Power Radiance 60 68x22x5.5cm 90W Radiance 90 100x22x5.5cm 130W Radiance 120 130x22x5.5cm 180W 11000K (white only) Total Output 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 Distribution Relative Spectral Relative 0.0 0.0 400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700 Wavelength Marine Coral Reef Aqua One Radiance.indd 1 9/12/11 12:36 PM Redfish contents redfishmagazine.com.au 4 About 5 News Redfish is: 7 Off the shelf Jessica Drake, Nicole Sawyer, Julian Corlet & David Midgley 13 Where land and water meet: Ripariums Email: [email protected] Web: redfishmagazine.com.au 15 Competitions Facebook: facebook.com/redfishmagazine Twitter: @redfishmagazine 16 Red Lotus Redfish Publishing. Pty Ltd. PO Box 109 Berowra Heights, 17 Today in the Fishroom NSW, Australia, 2082. ACN: 151 463 759 23 Klunzinger’s Wrasse This month’s Eye Candy Contents Page Photos courtesy: (Top row. Left to Right) 28 Not just Groupers: Serranidae ‘Gurnard on the Wing - Coió’ by Lazlo Ilyes ‘shachihoko’ by Emre Ayaroglu ‘Starfish, Waterlemon Cay, St. John, USVI’ by Brad Spry 33 Snorkel Vanuatu ‘Water Ballet’ by Martina Rathgens ‘Strange Creatures’ by Steve Jurvetson 42 Illumination: Guide to lighting (Part II) (Bottom row. -
Happy New Year 2015
QUATICAQU AT H E O N - L I N E J O U R N A L O F T H E B R O O K L Y N A Q U A R I U M S O C I E T Y VOL. 28 JANUARY ~ FEBRUARY 2015 N o. 3 Metynnis argenteus Silver Dollar HA PPY NEW YEAR 1 104 Y EARS OF E DUCATING A QUARISTS AQUATICA VOL. 28 JANUARY - FEBRUARY 2015 NO. 3 C ONTENT S PAGE 2 THE AQUATICA STAFF. PAGE 23 NOTABLE NATIVES. All about some of the beautiful North PAGE 3 CALENDAR OF EVENTS. American aquarium fish, seldom seen BAS Events for the years 2015 - 2016 and almost never available commercially. ANTHONY P. KROEGER, BAS PAGE 4 MOLLIES LOVE CRACKERS! Collecting wild Sailfin Mollies in Florida. PAGE 25 SPECIES PROFILE. ANTHONY P. KROEGER, BAS Etheostoma caeruieum , Rainbow Darter. JOHN TODARO, BAS PAGE 6 SPECIES PROFILE. The Sailfin PAGE 26 HOBBY HAPPENINGS. Mollie, Poecili latipinna . JOHN TODARO, BAS The further aquatic adventures of Larry Jinks. PAGE 7 TERRORS OF THE LARRY JINKS, BAS, RAS, NJAS PLANTED AQUARIUM. Keeping Silver dollar fish; you must keep in PAGE 28 CATFISH CONNECTIONS. Sy introduces us to Australia’s yellow mind they’re in the same family as the tandanus. Piranha and are voracious plant eaters. fin JOHN TODARO, BAS SY ANGELICUS, BAS PAGE 10 SPECIES PROFILE. The Silver Dollar, PAGE 29 BLUE VELVET SHRIMP. Another article Metynnis ar genteus . on keeping freshwater shrimp, with information on JOHN TODARO, BAS keeping them healthy. BRAD KEMP, BAS, THE SHRIMP FARM.COM PAGE 11 SAND LOACHES - THEY BREED BY THEMSELVES . -
Fish Keeping: Is It an Art Or Science? | Rutgers Pet Care School
FISH KEEPING: IS IT AN ART OR SCIENCE? Howie Berkowitz [email protected] 732-967-9700 • Water Quality • Selection of Aquarium Size and Shape • Selection of Fish --Freshwater/Saltwater • Lighting • Plants and Decorations • Filtration & Aeration • Care, Maintenance and Feeding WATER QUALITY • Nitrosomonas • Nitrobacters WATER QUALITY SELECTION OF AQUARIUM SIZE AND SHAPE Which type of fish Home space availability Budget The simple answer is: A quality aquarium that is the largest you can afford within your budget and space. It doesn’t have to be fancy it just needs to be the right size for the beautiful fish you choose to keep. CORNER AQUARIUM CORNER AQUARIUM RECTANGLE AQUARIUM CORNER AQUARIUM TABLETOP AQUARIUM RECTANGLE AQUARIUM • GLASS OR ACRYLIC • Glass is standard • Acrylic allows creativity FRESHWATER AQUARIUM KEEPING Tropical Fish FRESHWATER AQUARIUM KEEPING Tropical Fish Coldwater Fish FRESHWATER AQUARIUM KEEPING Tropical Fish Coldwater Fish Brackish Water Fish SALTWATER FISH FISH ONLY REEF AQUARIUM •Lighting • Fluorescent • LED PLANTS AND DECORATIONS • Create a natural living underwater world • Plants- Live and Plastic • Rocks – Create caves • Natural Wood • Corals - Saltwater NATURAL HABITAT KID FRIENDLY WOW! FILTRATION & AERATION • The Heartbeat of the Aquarium • Mechanical—Biological and Chemical • Cleans Water to Keep Harmful Microorganisms and Parasites from Proliferating • Increases Oxygen to support fish, plants and beneficial bacteria Care, Maintenance and Feeding • Water Testing • Routine Partial Water Changes • Algae Growth Removal • Daily Feeding Water Testing Routine Partial Water Changes Algae Growth Removal • DAILY FEEDING Q & A Howie Berkowitz [email protected] 732-967-9700 . -
Download Fishlore.Com's Saltwater Aquarium and Reef Tank E-Book
Updated: August 6, 2013 This e-Book is FREE for public use. Commercial use prohibited. Copyright FishLore.com – providing tropical fish tank and aquarium fish information for freshwater fish and saltwater fish keepers. FishLore.com Saltwater Aquarium & Reef Tank e-Book 1 CONTENTS Foreword .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Why Set Up an Aquarium? .............................................................................................................. 12 Aquarium Types ............................................................................................................................... 14 Aquarium Electrical Safety ............................................................................................................... 15 Aquarium Fish Cruelty Through Ignorance ..................................................................................... 17 The Aquarium Nitrogen Cycle ......................................................................................................... 19 Aquarium Filter and Fish Tank Filtration ......................................................................................... 24 Saltwater Aquarium Types - FOWLR, Fish Only with Live Rock, Reef Tank .................................... 30 Freshwater Aquarium vs. Saltwater Aquarium ............................................................................... 33 Saltwater Aquarium Tank Setup Guide .......................................................................................... -
Bolivian Ram Mikrogeophagus Altispinosus 1 106 YEARS of E DUCATING a QUARISTS AQUATICA VOL
AQUATICA T H E O N - L I N E J O U R N A L O F T H E B R O O K L Y N A Q U A R I U M S O C I E T Y VOL. 31 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2017 No. 2 Bolivian Ram Mikrogeophagus altispinosus 1 106 YEARS OF E DUCATING A QUARISTS AQUATICA VOL. 31 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2017 NO. 2 C ONTENTS PAGE 2 THE AQUATICA STAFF. PAGE 21 WHITE WORMS. How to set up and breed white worns as food for your fish. PAGE 3 CALENDAR OF EVENTS. JOHN TODARO -BAS BAS Events for the years 2017 - 2018 PAGE 22 MEET THE STONY CORALS: PAGE 4 UNDERSTANDING POTENTIAL PART 5. PLATE CORAL/DISK CORAL FUNGIA HYDROGEN (pH). An easy to scale understand ex- SPECIES. Keeping plate corals plation of the pH in the aquarium. TONY KROEGER -BAS RYAN CURTIS - BAS PAGE 26 COKE BOTTLE USED AS KILLIE FISH PAGE 5 BREEDING MICROGEOPHAGUS HATCHERY. How to use plastic Coke soda bottles as ALTISPINOSA, THE BOLIVIAN RAM. This artilce hatchies for killiefish. outlines the breeding of the Bolivian Ram in detail. LARRY FELTS - NHAS EDWARD D. BURRESS -PVAS PAGE 28 BAS TAKES A DAY TRIP TO PAGE 10 CICHLISOMA FESTAE - THE RED ABSOLUTELY FISH. Our trip to Absolutely fish TERROR. The breeding of this big cichlid. and a special trip to their marine breeding facility. JOSEPH GRAFFAGNINO CHARLEY GRIMES -YATFS -BAS PAGE 32 CORYDORAS NAPOENSIS. PAGE 12 CORAL CONSERVATION EFFORTS A report on the breeding of this medium. size AIDED BY COMPUTER SIMULATION. -
4H Marine Project Book
1 This book belongs to: ____________________ County: _________________________________ 4-H Club: _______________________________ Date Started: ____________________________ Date Completed: _________________________ Club Leader: ____________________________ County 4-H Agent: ______________________ This project book is designed to be utilized alongside EDIS document 4HMEM10, Starting and Maintaining a Marine Aquarium. Acknowledgments Special thanks to my husband, son and in-laws as well as Dr. Glenn Israel and Dr. Sebastian Galindo for their encouragement and support. Special thanks to Water World of Pensacola, Florida and the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia for allowing their subjects to be photographed. This book was created as part of a non-thesis graduate project through the University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agriculture Science. Writer/Editor: Prudence Caskey Photography: Prudence Caskey 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Selecting an Aquarium 5 Essential Elements of the Marine Aquarium 6 Activity One: My Aquarium Information 7 Timeline for My Aquarium 8 Day One: Setting up the Aquarium 9 Day Two: Understanding Filtration and Water Flow 10 Day Three: Start the Nitrogen Cycle 11 Activity Two: Nitrogen Cycle 12 Week Three: Adding a Cleaner Crew 14 Week Four: Mapping out a Plan 16 Week Five: Water Change & Affix Corals 18 Selecting Corals 19 Week Seven: Adding Additional Fish 20 Fish Identification 21 Week Eight: Testing Equipment 22 What am I Testing For? 23 Specific Gravity 24 Testing Forms 25 Glossary 26 My 4-H Story 34 Project Photos 36 Additional Resources 39 3 You should give careful thought to many different aspects of the aquarium project before deciding to acquire a saltwater or marine aquarium. -
Reef Systems & Devices
Reef Systems & Devices The Ultimate Reef Keeping Experience Red Sea REEF-SPEC® Red Sea MAX® True REEF-SPEC® Specifications for a successful reef ® ® ® REEF-SPEC lighting REEF-SPEC filtration REEF-SPEC circulation Current research into the photobiology of corals has The PUR is a combination of the relevant wavelengths The heart of the Red Sea MAX filtration is the protein Sufficient water flow is crucial to provide corals provided new insights into the definition of Reef-Spec required for corals and is only a small part of the PAR skimmer, which removes the vast majority of the and other sessile invertebrates with the nutrients lighting and is the basis for the lighting configurations readings of the full visible spectrum (400-700nm). waste produced by the aquarium inhabitants, as and minerals (e.g. calcium) necessary for growth. used in all MAX aquarium systems. PAR readings, which are typically used to indicate the well as thoroughly oxygenating the water. Red Sea Turbulence of the water surface is necessary to strength of reef lighting therefore does not guarantee defines a REEF-SPEC skimmer as being one which prevent the accumulation of a bio-film that reduces Based on Red Sea’s research, the optimal light their suitability for corals. will pass the aquarium’s water volume through the both light penetration and efficient gas exchange. for sustainable coral growth in MAX reef systems skimmer 3 times per hour, and with an air:water (including the most demanding SPS coral species) Red Sea’s all-new ReefLED™ units provide a REEF-SPEC Red Sea’s REEF-SPEC circulation defines a required ratio of 1:2. -
Aqua Pacific Uk Ltd Catalogue 2016
AQUA PACIFIC UK LTD CATALOGUE 2016 INSPIRING EXCELLENCE IN FISH CARE EST. 2004 FIND YOUR PERFECT With over 50 Aquariums to choose from, and everything from Aquarium Technology to Pond Filters, Lighting & Turtle Tanks... AQUA PACIFIC HAS EVERYTHING YOU ARE LOOKING FOR. mark 2 3 CONTENTS AQUARIUMS LIGHTING AquaLED Aquarium P. 10-11 Introduction to Lighting P. 59 FEATURING AquaNano 30 Cube & AquaStart 320 Aquarium P. 22 LED Lighting P. 60-63 PRODUCTS AquaNano Aquarium P. 8-9 Lighting Tubes P. 64-65 AquaOpti Aquarium P. 20-21 FEATURING AquaVogue Aquarium Range P. 14-16 HEALTH AquaVue 380, 480 & 580 Aquarium P. 17 PRODUCTS Fish Food & Feeders P. 70 Aquience Aquarium P. 24 Test Kits P. 69 Betta Duo & Trio Aquarium P. 18 Water Treatments P. 67-68 EcoStyle Aquarium P. 12-13 Inspire Cabinets P. 6-7 Panoramic Aquarium P. 23 AQUARIUM DECORATION Azalea Roots & Natural Woods P. 76-77 Reflex Aquarium P. 19 FEATURING Coral Collection P. 91-94 Starter Kits, Splish & Splash & Cube Aquarium P. 23 PRODUCTS Gravel & Substrates P. 74-75 The UFO Aquarium P. 25 Natural Stones & Rocks P. 73 Ornaments P. 86-90 MARINE FEATURING Plants, Plastic P. 82-83 AquaReef Marine Aquarium Range FEATURING P. 30-32 PRODUCTS Plants, Silk P. 84-85 Filter Sock & AquaFill Top-up System PRODUCTS P. 33 FEATURING Plants, Vibrance P. 78-81 Marine Accessories P. 38 FEATURING PRODUCTS Poster Backgrounds P. 72 MiniReef Marine Aquarium Range P. 28-29 PRODUCTS NanoReef 35 Marine Aquarium P. 27 Protein Skimmers P. 34-36 POND ONE Wavemakers & Wavemaker Pumps P.