Gujarat Maritime Board

TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR

DEVELOPMENT OF COAST GUARD JETTY AND ALLIED FACILITIES

WITHIN EXISTING OKHA PORT, OKHA TOWN, OKHAMANDAL TEHSIL,

DEVBHUMI DWARKA DISTRICT, GUJARAT

Project Proponent

GUJARAT MARITIME BOARD

(Government of Gujarat Undertaking) SAGAR BHAVAN, Sector 10-A, Opp. Air Force Centre, CHH Rd, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382010

EIA Consultant

Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited NABET Accredited EIA Consulting Organisation Certificate No: NABET/EIA/1011/011 PARRY House 3rd Floor, No. 2 N.S.C Bose Road, Chennai - 600 001 Tamil Nadu

August 2018 PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

DECLARATION BY PROJECT PROPONENT

OKHA port has conducted the EIA Study on “Development of Coast Guard Jetty and Allied Facilities within Existing Okha Port, Okhamandal Tehsil, Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat” The EIA report preparation has been undertaken in compliance with the ToR issued by MoEF & CC. Information and content provided in the report is factually correct for the purpose and objective for such study undertaken.

We hereby declare the ownership of contents (information and data) of EIA/EMP Report.

For on behalf of Gujarat Maritime Board

Signature: Name: Mr. Atul A. Sharma Designation: Deputy General Manager - Environment

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT

EIA Study on “Development of Coast Guard Jetty and Allied Facilities within Existing Okha Port, Okhamandal Tehsil, Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat”. This EIA report has been prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited (CMSRSL), in line with EIA Notification, dated 14th September 2006, seeking prior Environmental Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, New Delhi. This work has been undertaken in accordance with ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the client, incorporating our General Terms & Conditions of Business and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above. Further, this report is confidential to the client and the use of this report by unauthorized third parties without written authorization from CMSRSL shall be at their own risk.

For and on behalf of Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited Approved by : N V Subba Rao

Sign : Designation : Chief Executive

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT

Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA for “Development of Coast Guard Jetty and Allied Facilities within Existing Okha Port, Okhamandal Tehsil, Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat “ I, hereby, certify that I was part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA.

EIA Coordinator: In-House Name: Mr. D.Ravishankar

Signature: Date: 10th August, 2018 Period of Involvement: Nov 2017 to August 2018

Contact Information: M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited “PARRY” House 3rd Floor, No. 2 NSC Bose Road, Chennai – 600 001 +91-044- 3044 5448

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

Functional Area Experts: S. Functional Name of the Involvement Signature No Areas Expert/s (Period and Task) Period : Nov 2017 to August AP- Air 2018 Pollution Monitoring, Task: Developed Dust 1 Prevention & Mr. Ravishankar D Control and Mitigation Control Plan during Construction Phase and (Category - A) Fugitive Dust Emission Control during Operation Phase Period : Nov 2017 to August 2018

WP- Water Task: Finalization of Pollution water sampling Monitoring locations, F2 Prevention & Mr. Bhaskar V S characterization. Control Identification of Potential impact during (Category - A) construction and developed management plan to prevent contamination of water during cargo handling Period : Nov 2017 to August 2018 SHW

Solid and Task: Quantification, Hazardous Categorization of solid 3 Waste Mr. Ravishankar D and hazardous waste Management during construction

phase and operation (Category - A) phase and developed solid and hazardous waste management plan

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

S. Functional Name of the Involvement Signature No Areas Expert/s (Period and Task) Period : Nov 2017 to August 2018

Task: Mentoring In- SE house Socio-Economic Socio- expert in conducting Mr. Rajesh Kumar 4 Economics Primary Survey Data Verma Collection, collation of

(Category - A) secondary data. To identify socio economic aspect/impact based on project activities and development of mitigation measures. Period : Nov 2017 to August 2018

SE Task: Conducted Socio- primary socio-economic Mr. Karthick C S 5 Economics survey, identification of

social impact due to (Category - A) proposed project, preparation of mitigation plan, and development of CSR plan. Period : Nov 2017 to August EB 2018 Ecology and Mr. Vivek Narayan 6 Biodiversity Task: Mentoring the Singh Inhouse Ecology and (Category - A) Biodiversity expert for Terrestrial Flora and Fauna

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

S. Functional Name of the Involvement Signature No Areas Expert/s (Period and Task) Period : Nov 2017 to August 2018

Task: Primary Survey of Terrestrial Flora and Fauna, Marine Biological Sampling. Identification and Analysis of Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and EB benthos. Identification Ecology and Dr. Balakrishnan of Nesting/breeding 7 Biodiversity T. grounds of reptiles,

mammals and avifauna (Category - A) including rare/threatened/endan gered/endemic species and their habitat within the study area. Impact assessment and environmental management plan for Mangroves Conservation, Habitat Conservation Measures. Period : Nov 2017 to August AQ 2018 Meteorology, Task: Design of Air Quality Ambient Air Quality 7 Modeling & Mr. V S Bhaskar Monitoring Network. Prediction Primary Air Quality data

Analysis and (Category - A) identification of impacts.

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

S. Functional Name of the Involvement Signature No Areas Expert/s (Period and Task) Period : Nov 2017 to August NV 2018 Noise & Task: Identification of 8 Vibration Mr. V S Bhaskar Noise Monitoring Locations. Noise (Category - A) Mitigation measures during construction and operation phase. Period : June 2018 to August 2018 LU Task: Preparation of Land Use 9 Mr. T. P. Natesan land use land cover

maps for the study area (Category - A) using GIS/ related tools followed by ground truth verification. Period : Nov 2017 to August RH 2018 Risk Assessment & Task: Identification of 10 Hazard Mr. D.Ravishankar fire risk potential due to Management handling of coal and transportation Potential (Category - A) Risk Hazards Identification during construction phase. Period : Nov 2017 to August 2018 LU Land Use Mr. S. Pavala Task: Preparation of 11 Rajan land use land cover (Category - B) maps for the study area using GIS/ related tools followed by ground truth verification.

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized Person I, N V Subbarao, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA Report as per the project inputs prepared by GMB for the proposed Development of Coast Guard Jetty and Allied Facilities within Existing Okha Port, Okhamandal Tehsil, Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat

I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this statement.

Signature: :

Name : N V Subbarao Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: : M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited “PARRY” House 3rd Floor, No. 2 NSC Bose Road, Chennai – 600 001 NABET Certificate No. :NABET/EIA/1316/RA009

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

Executive Summary

Introduction

Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB), the first Maritime Board Organization of the country established in 1982, under the Gujarat Maritime Act 1981, as a Statutory Organization of Government of Gujarat (GoG), with a vision “To enhance and harness ports and international trade as vehicles for economic development”. The board was established to manage, control and administer the ports of Gujarat. GMB administers a total of 44 ports in Gujarat State. Okha port is an all weather intermediate port in Okha Town of Okhamandal Tehsil, Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat. The port is geographically situated in the north- west coast of Saurashtra Peninsula, at the mouth of Gulf of Kutch on the West Coast of India. It is one among the 10 port groups under GMB administration. The Okha port facility is located between 22°28'29.03"N, 69°4'59.51"E and 22°27'52.36"N, 69°4'31.91"E. Location of Okha Port is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Location of Okha Port

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

Okha port was commissioned on 25th October 1925 by the Dewan of Baroda State and became operational in 1926. The port is under operation even before independence and has obtained Consolidated Consent & Authorization (CCA) from Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) for handling 6MTPA of dry bulk cargoes, which is valid upto 2018. The Port has an anchorage facility at 2.4km off-shore and vessels upto -7.5m CD draught can be berthed within the port.

Existing Facility

At present Okha Port has facility to accommodate and berth ships/vessels having draught less than 7.5m. Cargo carrying Ships/vessels that are having draft more than 7.5m draught are being operated through Lighterage operation by anchoring at 2.5km offshore from Port. The existing facilities within the Okha port are as follows:  Govind Ghat (lighter wharf) – Berthing facility for barges to handle dry bulk cargo (Bauxite).  Sayaji Pier – Berthing facility for ships for handling dry bulk cargo (Bauxite).  Dry Cargo Berth (DCB) – Berthing 2 nos. of vessels at a time, one on the eastern and the other on the western side.  Gravity Wharf – Berthing facility for barges to handle dry bulk cargo (Coal and Bauxite).  Passenger Jetty – Berthing facility for passenger boats to Bet Dwarka.  Warehouses/storage godowns, transit sheds (total 16 Nos.), dry docks, workshops and other amenities.  Total Existing backup yard of 22.8 Ha - 5Ha within port boundary and 17.8Ha outside the port.  Anchorage of large ships at 2.4km offshore, for berthing of vessels upto 7.5m draught.  Two buoys are available in the navigation channel at about 360m from shoreline.

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

 Two tugs (Rukmani & Gopnath) of 1600 BHP each is available at the port facility  One launch (M.L.Gomti) is available at port for ferry services.  One mobile harbour crane of 12.5tonnes capacity  One grab dredger.

PROPOSED PROJECT DESCRIPTION GMB has planned to facilitate a dedicated berthing facility and other supporting amenities for Indian Coast Guard (ICG). Due to the increasing cargo demand in the region GMB has also planned to increase the current cargo handling capacity of the Okha port by extending the existing lighter wharf. The proposed project also includes reclamation of existing harbour facilities for providing supporting amenities and beautification aspects for ICG and existing passenger boat facility.

The details of the proposed project activities are,  Construction of ICG jetty of size 200x20m, approach trestle to ICG jetty of size 120x15m,  Extension of Govind Ghat (lighter wharf) by 40x15.45m,  Dismantling of existing wall of 26m long and 3m height,  Increase in cargo handling capacity of Okha Port from 6MTPA to 10MTPA.  Reclamation of 1.26Ha and beautification of reclaimed area near passenger jetty,  Reclamation of 0.9ha and beautification of reclaimed area near ICG Jetty,  Earthwork and construction of civil structures in the back up area.  Capital dredging of 3,41,250 m3 for berthing facility upto -8m CD.  Maintenance dredging of 34,125 m3 will be undertaken as on when required.

DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE SETUP OF STUDY AREA

The proposed project site is located within the existing Okha Port. The port is geographically situated in the north-west coast of Saurashtra Peninsula, at the mouth of Gulf of Kutch on the West Coast of India. The existing Okha port facilities coordinates are 22°28'29.03"N, 69°4'59.51"E and 22°27'52.36"N, 69°4'31.91"E and the same can be

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

located in Open Series Map (OSM) F42J3, the entire study area can be covered in OSM F42J3 and F42I15. Okhamandal tehsil has good road and rail connectivity with broad gauge rail system that reaches upto Okha town. State Highway (SH–6A) is the major state road connectivity for the port, National Highway (NH–8E) is about 28 km from the port. Majority of the study area falls under marine environment i.e. Gulf of Kutch.

Terrestrial Environment The nature of soil within the study area was mostly loamy soil and near the project site it was clay. pH value indicating slight acidic to alkaline nature, Conductivity of the soil near the project site was very high when compared to the other regions within the study area, higher conductivity indicates the area is salt affected. High conductivity in soil is injurious to most crops and will affect plant growth. Most of the nutrients were found to be high near the project site, while concentration of some heavy metals and other Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons were found to be absent within the entire study area. The regions ground water quality is very poor and is used only for non-potable purpose, most of the region in the study area receives drinking water supplied through pipelines. The analyzed ground water samples indicate that the colour and odour of all the samples were well within the acceptable limits and conditions, but the taste was disagreeable. Turbidity level in location 3 was above specified limit. Electrical conductivity was high in all the samples ranging from 3802 µs/cm to 13,848 µs/cm. Chloride values in location 3 & 4 were above the permissible limits (>1000mg/l), this is also one of the reasons the water being undesirable to drink. TDS was above permissible limits in all the locations and TSS was highest at location 3 (40mg/l) justifying high turbidity value in the same water sample. Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Sulfate, Nitrate, Manganese and few other elements were found to be high in some of the locations while Cyanide, Phenolic compounds, Boron, Aluminium, Copper, Heavy metals- Mercury, Cadmium, Selenium, Lead, Nickel, Chromium and Arsenic were absent in all the locations.

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

The study area has only 2 surface water bodies from which samples were collected and analyzed. Both the water bodies are of poor quality and are not used for potable purpose. Turbidity was greater that the permissible limit (>5 NTU) at both the locations Conductivity and Total Hardness was highest in location 1 was high due to salinity ingress and naturally occurring minerals. Coliform levels in both the water samples were above the permissible limits (not detectable in 100 ml sample), indicating the water is contaminated. Parameters like Total residual chlorine, Phenolic compounds, Anionic detergents, Mercury, Cadmium, Selenium, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Aluminium, Organo chloride pesticide and Organo Phosphorus Pesticides were found to be below detectable limits. Floral and Faunal assessments were carried out to assess the bio-diversity of the terrestrial environment. The major part of the project area is devoid of large trees and mainly consists of Prosopis juliflora, Salvadora oleoides, Azadirachta indica, Polyalthia longifolia and Zizyphus numularia. Ground vegetation cover is of Tridax procumbens, Achyranthes aspera, Argemone mexicana, Datura metel, Indigofera tinctoria, Tribulus terrestris, Agave Americana, Aloe barbadensis, Commelina benghalensis, Mimosa pudica, Celosia argentea, Suaeda maritime, Suaeda fruticosa, Cyperus rotundusa etc. Major grasses include several species of Aristida funiculate, Bambusa bamboos, Cyanodon dactylon and Cyperus difformis etc. Climbers found in the study area are Bougainvillea spectabilis, Ipomoea biloba, Tinospora cordifolia and Cocculus hirsutus etc. woody flora like Tamarindas indicas, Azadirachta indica, Ficus benghalensis, Prosopis juliflora, Zizyphus nummularia and Leacana leucocephala were observed with low diversity.

The proposed project is developed within the existing port facility and do not displace any human settlement and thereby does not attract Rehabilitation and Resettlement process under “Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”. Based on Administrative Atlas published by Directorate of Census Operations, there are only about 5 Administrative divisions which include 3 revenue villages, one Municipality (Okha) and one Census Town (Mithapur). Okhamandal, Kalyanpur, Khambhalia, Bhanvad Taluks of Jamnagar is bifurcated and formed as Devbhoomi Dwarka District on August 15, 2013. The study area comprises of

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15,391 Households with total population of 75,897 in which 39,166 are males and 36,731 are females, which is about 3.51% of the District’s population. The study area is mostly dominated by the people doing fishing activities followed by trade and business.

Based on the data collected from Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011, published by Ministry of Rural Development, it was reported that in Okhamandal, 61.77% of the households monthly income with highest earning household member was less than ₹5000 and 21.14% of households with income range of ₹5000 to ₹10000.

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES During operation phase, fugitive dust emissions from dry bulk cargo storage yards, vehicular emissions are the major sources of pollutants that influence the ambient air quality. To determine the pollution load in the atmosphere, ISCST3 was used with an assumption of 95% pollution controlled using dust supression systems and Mechanized cargo handling. The peak predicted increment load of PM2.5 and PM10 were below their respective NAAQS. Impact on noise environment due to port operation is assessed as per ISO 9613. Based on this noise modelling analysis the additional noise emissions from the proposed project activity being operational at its full efficiency (worst case scenario) is within the standard noise levels prescribed by the CPCB. No extraction of ground water and disposal of waste water are proposed from the facility and hence, there is no impact on water and soil environment.

ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM In order to ensure and maintain the environment’s health and quality, periodic/regular environmental monitoring program has been suggested along with process and plan chart, for various activities involved during construction and operation phase specified to Terrestrial Environment.

PROJECT BENEFITS It is an expansion of existing port facility designed to provide additional berthing facility for Coast Guard Vessels and cargo handling barges. Dedicated berthing facility for

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

Indian Coast Guard Vessels will be of defence and strategic importance, since Okha Port is located near to international boundaries. Additional berthing facility for cargo handling barges is focused on tackling the overall increase in cargo handling capacity of the port. The reclaimed area will be utilized for beautifications purpose near passenger jetty; this will cause many social interactions and money inflow due the proposed activities like construction of passenger waiting hall, recreational area etc. Tourists who visit the Beyt Dwarka temple board from this passenger jetty, the additional amenities proposed in this area will facilitate in easy commute of the tourists resulting in improved tourism and livelihood status.

It is estimated that the employment potential due to this proposed expansion in the form of direct and in-direct employment will be around 150 personnel. Work force in the category of Engineers, plumbers, electricians, civil workers, sweepers, gardeners, sanitation workers etc, comes under direct employment. The area proposed for beautification will be a potential ground for vendors to setup shops and to meet the requirements of the increased work force (port employed personnel) installations like hotels, shops etc will be setup and hiring of external vendors for handling solid wastes, hazardous waste, liquid waste, treatment of sewage generated from port activities are categorized under indirect employment. Many direct and indirect stakeholders will be benefited from the proposed port expansion as port development leads to industrialization and employment generation. The proposed port development will benefit and uplift the livelihood and standard of living of the local residents.

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PJ-ENVIR - 2017511-1253 Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.

Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 27 1.1 Gujarat Maritime Board ...... 27 1.2 About Okha Port ...... 27 1.3 Proposed Expansion of Okha Port ...... 27 1.4 Overview of Environmental Settings in the Study Area ...... 28 1.5 Need for EIA Study ...... 32 1.6 Additional ToR ...... 33 1.7 Methodology Adopted for EIA Study ...... 40 1.8 Structure of EIA Report ...... 41 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 43 2.1 General Description of Port ...... 43 2.2 Existing facilities in Okha Port ...... 44 2.3 Salient Features of the Proposed Project ...... 46 2.4 Cargo Handled ...... 49 2.5 Availability of Water/ Power requirement and its source ...... 49 2.5.1 Water Source ...... 49 2.5.2 Power Supply...... 52 2.6 Waste (liquid and solid) Quantity and their management/disposal ...... 52 2.7 Recycling and reusing of wastes envisaged in the project ...... 52 2.8 Employment Generation due to the project ...... 52 2.9 Project Schedules and Cost Estimates ...... 53 3 COMPLIANCE STATUS OF THE EARLIER CLEARANCES ...... 54 4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 55 4.1 General ...... 55 4.2 Study Area ...... 56 4.3 Terrestrial Environment ...... 59 4.3.1 Physiography ...... 59 4.3.2 Geology ...... 63

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4.3.3 Geomorphology and Structure ...... 65 4.3.4 Drainage and Water Bodies ...... 67 4.3.5 Occurrence of Groundwater ...... 69 4.3.6 Land use/Land Cover Mapping ...... 71 4.3.7 Soil Classification ...... 87 4.3.8 Air Environment ...... 94 4.3.9 Noise Environment ...... 105 4.3.10 Water Environment ...... 108 4.3.11 Terrestrial Ecological Environment ...... 120 4.3.12 Socioeconomic Environment...... 148 5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 162 5.1 Introduction ...... 162 5.2 Terrestrial Impact Assessment ...... 163 5.2.1 Air Environment – Construction Phase ...... 163 5.2.2 Air Environment – Operation Phase ...... 165 5.2.3 Noise Environment – Construction Phase ...... 176 5.2.4 Noise Environment – Operation Phase ...... 176 5.2.5 Soil Environment – Construction Phase ...... 178 5.2.6 Soil Environment – Operation Phase ...... 179 5.2.7 Water Environment – Construction Phase ...... 179 5.2.8 Water Environment – Operation Phase ...... 179 5.3 Traffic Forecast and Impact Analysis...... 180 5.4 Terrestrial Ecological Environment ...... 182 5.4.1 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology ...... 183 5.5 Socioeconomic Impact ...... 183 5.5.1 Impacts on Location of the Project: ...... 184 5.5.2 Impact during Construction Phase: ...... 184 5.5.3 Impact during Operation Phase: ...... 185 5.5.4 Impact Matrix ...... 185 6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES...... 188 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 189

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7.1 Introduction ...... 189 7.2 Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 189 7.2.1 Terrestrial Environment - Construction Phase ...... 189 7.2.2 Terrestrial Environment - Operation Phase ...... 191 8 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 193 8.1 Risk Assessment ...... 193 8.1.1 Self-Ignition of Coal ...... 193 8.1.2 Cause Spontaneous Coal Combustion ...... 194 8.1.3 Recommendations ...... 194 8.1.4 Social Impact due to R&R...... 196 8.2 Disaster management Plan ...... 196 8.2.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan [DMP] ...... 196 8.2.2 Emergency Plans & Responsibilities ...... 198 8.2.3 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency ...... 205 8.2.4 Emergency Actions ...... 207 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN – TERRESTRIAL ...... 208 9.1 Terrestrial EMP - Construction Phase ...... 208 9.1.1 Air Quality Management Plan ...... 208 9.1.2 Noise Quality Management Plan ...... 210 9.1.3 Water Quality Management Plan ...... 210 9.1.4 Soil Quality Management Plan ...... 211 9.1.5 Waste Management Plan ...... 212 9.2 Terrestrial EMP - Operation Phase ...... 213 9.2.1 Air Quality Management Plan ...... 213 9.2.2 Noise Control Management Plan ...... 215 9.2.3 Hazardous and Other Waste Management Plan ...... 217 9.2.4 Green Belt Development ...... 218 9.3 Socio Economic Management Plan: ...... 220 9.3.1 Need Based CSR Development Plan ...... 221 9.3.2 Felt Needs based on Primary Survey and Socioeconomic Indicators ...... 222 10 PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 223

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10.1 Improvements in Physical Infrastructure ...... 223 10.2 Improvements in Social Infrastructure ...... 223 10.3 Employment Potential – skilled, Semi-skilled and Un-skilled ...... 224 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ...... 225 12 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 235 13 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ...... 236 13.1 Brief Profile of the EIA Consultant...... 236 13.2 Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study ...... 237 13.3 External Labs/Agencies involved in EIA Study ...... 238

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List of Table

Table 1-1 Environmental Settings of the Project Site ...... 31 Table 1-2 Additional ToR Compliance ...... 33 Table 2-1 Cargo handled at Okha Port ...... 43 Table 2-2 Okha Port Group Details ...... 44 Table 2-3: Land Use breakup of Okha Port ...... 44 Table 2-4 Quantity of Cargo Handled at Okha Port (during 2012 – 2018 March)...... 49 Table 4-1 Environmental Sensitivity within 15 km Aerial Distance from the Project Boundary ...... 57 Table 4-2 Area breakup of LULC classifications within study area ...... 81 Table 4-3 Built-up land composition within study area ...... 82 Table 4-4 Agricultural land composition within study area ...... 83 Table 4-5 Forest land composition within study area ...... 84 Table 4-6 Land with/without scrub composition within study area ...... 85 Table 4-7 Water bodies composition within study area...... 86 Table 4-8 Study area’s soil classification ...... 87 Table 4-9 Soil Sampling Location Details ...... 90 Table 4-10 Result Summary of Soil sample’s Characteristics ...... 91 Table 4-11: Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Table for Okha Observatory ...... 95 Table 4-12: Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Table for Okha Observatory ...... 96 Table 4-13 Rainfall Data -Devbhoomi Dwarka District during the Year 2016 in mm ...... 97 Table 4-14 Details of AAQ Monitoring Location within Study Area ...... 102 Table 4-15 24-Hours Average Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (12 Weeks Period) ...... 104 Table 4-16 Noise Monitoring Locations within the Study Area ...... 106 Table 4-17 Noise Monitoring Results and Standards ...... 108 Table 4-18 Details of Ground Water sampling location within the study area ...... 112 Table 4-19 Summary Results of Ground Water Samples ...... 113

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Table 4-20 Details of Surface Water sampling location within the study area ...... 116 Table 4-21 Summary Results of Surface Water Samples...... 117 Table 4-22 List of Herbs, Grasses, Shrubs and Climbers in the study area ...... 126 Table 4-23 Floral Biodiversity Indices ...... 131 Table 4-24 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the Zone II ..... 132 Table 4-25 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the Zone III ... 133 Table 4-26 Checklist of Reptiles species reported during the study ...... 135 Table 4-27 Aquatic and Terrestrial bird species in Core and Buffer Zones of Study Area ...... 136 Table 4-28 Checklist of Mammal species reported during the study ...... 144 Table 4-29 Administrative Status of Study Area Villages/Towns ...... 148 Table 4-30 Summary Socioeconomic Indicators ...... 152 Table 4-31 Typical View of Settlements in Study Area ...... 153 Table 4-32 Alphabetical List of Monuments in Jamnagar District ...... 160 Table 5-1 Activities proposed in Marine and Terrestrial Environment ...... 163 Table 5-2 Emission Factor Considered ...... 167 Table 5-3 Ambient Air Quality Modelling Inputs ...... 168 Table 5-4 Predicted GLC's of Criteria Pollutants ...... 175 Table 5-5 Traffic Survey data at Okha Port Gate ...... 180 Table 5-6 Traffic Survey data at Surajkaradi Junction ...... 181 Table 7-1 Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Program during Construction Phase ...... 190 Table 7-2 Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Program during Operation Phase .... 191 Table 9-1 Details of Hazardous Waste Category, Type & Method of Disposal ...... 217 Table 9-2 Proposed Greenbelt Development for Pollution Control ...... 218 Table 9-3 Existing CSR activity of GMB at Okha ...... 221 Table 9-4 Proposed CSR activity of GMB for the Year 2018 to 2021 ...... 222 Table 11-1 Project activities and Environmental aspects ...... 228

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List of Figures Figure 1-1 Okha Port Location ...... 29 Figure 1-2 Google Earth Map Showing Okha Port ...... 30 Figure 2-1 Project Site Photographs ...... 47 Figure 2-2 Okha Port – Proposed Project Layout ...... 48 Figure 2-3 Water Balance for the Existing Activity...... 50 Figure 2-4 Water Balance for Proposed Activities ...... 51 Figure 4-1 Study Area Map showing 5km – 10 Km distance –Okha Port...... 56 Figure 4-2 Topography of the study area ...... 60 Figure 4-3 Physiographic Map of 10km Study Area ...... 61 Figure 4-4 Countour Map of the Study Area ...... 62 Figure 4-5 Geological Map of 10km Study Area ...... 64 Figure 4-6 Geomorphology and Structure Map of 10km Study Area ...... 66 Figure 4-7 Geomorphology of the Study area ...... 67 Figure 4-8 Map of Drainage & Water Bodies within 10km Study Area ...... 68 Figure 4-9 Borewell within the Study Area ...... 70 Figure 4-10 Flow Chart showing Methodology of Land use mapping ...... 73 Figure 4-11 SOI Topo map of 10km study area ...... 76 Figure 4-12 Satellite map of 10km study area ...... 77 Figure 4-13 Level I LULC Map of 10km study area ...... 79 Figure 4-14 Level II LULC Map of 10km study area ...... 80 Figure 4-15 Different Land use classes (Level II) around 10 km radius from the project site ...... 81 Figure 4-16 Built-up Land within Study Area ...... 82 Figure 4-17 Agricultural Land within the Study Area ...... 83 Figure 4-18 Forest Land within the Study Area ...... 84 Figure 4-19 Wasteland within the Study Area ...... 86 Figure 4-20 Soil in the Study Area ...... 88 Figure 4-21 Soil Classification Map of 10km Study Area ...... 89 Figure 4-22 Soil sample collection within study area ...... 90 Figure 4-23 Soil Sampling Locations within 10km Study Area ...... 91

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Figure 4-24 Okha Annual Wind Rose Plot IMD data ...... 99 Figure 4-25 Okha Wind Rose Plot - Primary Data ...... 100 Figure 4-26 AAQ monitoring within study area ...... 101 Figure 4-27 AAQ Sampling Locations within 10 km Study Area ...... 103 Figure 4-28 Noise Monitoring within Study Area ...... 106 Figure 4-29 Noise Monitoring Locations within 10 Km Study Area ...... 107 Figure 4-30 Depth of water during Pre and Post Monsoon ...... 109 Figure 4-31 Water Fluctuation from May 2014 to May 2015 ...... 109 Figure 4-32 Pre-monsoon period Ground water table level ...... 110 Figure 4-33 Post-monsoon period Ground water table level ...... 110 Figure 4-34 Groundwater sampling within the study area ...... 111 Figure 4-35 Ground Water Sampling Location within 10 km Study Area ...... 112 Figure 4-36 Surface water sampling within study area ...... 116 Figure 4-37 Surface Water Sampling Locations within 10 km Study Area ...... 117 Figure 4-38 Zonation of the Study Area ...... 123 Figure 4-39 Village and road side trees in the buffer zone ...... 129 Figure 4-40 Flora Diversity in Observed in Study Area ...... 130 Figure 4-41 Agriculture lands in the Buffer Zone...... 132 Figure 4-42 Selected avifauna Observed within Study Area ...... 143 Figure 4-43 Juvenile Nilgai Observed within the Study Area ...... 144 Figure 4-44 Reserve Forest within Study Area ...... 146 Figure 4-45 Administrative Map of the Study Area ...... 149 Figure 4-46 Image showing the Study Area villages ...... 150 Figure 4-47 Primary Survey ...... 151 Figure: 4-48 Workers Group Dstribution ...... 155 Figure 4-49 Health Facilities in Jamnagar District ...... 157 Figure 4-50 Health Facilities in Jamnagar District ...... 157 Figure 4-51 Schools in the Study Area ...... 159

Figure 5-1 Predicted GLC of PM10 ...... 170

Figure 5-2 Predicted GLC of PM2.5 ...... 171

Figure 5-3 Predicted GLC of SO2 ...... 173

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Figure 5-4 Predicted GLC of NO2 ...... 174 Figure 5-5 Illustrations for Dust Suppression System – Spray Nozzles – Transfer Point ...... 176 Figure 5-6 Predicted Noise levels ...... 178 Figure 9-1 Proposed and existing Green Belt layout for Okha Port ...... 219

List of Annexures

ANNEXURE 1 Gazette Notification for Okha Port ANNEXURE 2 ToR Letter ANNEXURE 3 NABET Accreditation ANNEXURE 4 NABL Certificate ANNEXURE 5 Consolidated Consent Authorization from GPCB and its Compliance ANNEXURE 6 Baseline Monitoring Test Results ANNEXURE 7 GMB Authorized Vendors

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List of Abbreviations

AQ Air Quality Modeling & Prediction CAS Centre for Advanced Studies CC&A Consolidated Consent & Authorization CD Chart Datum CMSRSL Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone CZMA Coastal Zone Management Authority DCB Dry Cargo Berth DMP Disaster Management Plan EAC Experts Appraisal Committee EB Ecology and Biodiversity EC Environmental Clearance ECC Emergency Control Centre EHS Environmental Health and Safety EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ESZ Eco Sensitive Zone GMB Gujarat Maritime Board GPCB Gujarat Pollution Control Board GUIDE Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology Ha Hectare HOD Head of the Department HT Net Heron-Tranter Net HTL High Tide Line ICG Indian Coast Guard KLD Kilo Liters Per Day LTL Low Tide Line LU Land Use m Meter MARBEF Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning MNP Marine National Park MoEF&CC Ministry of Ebvironment, Forest & Climate Change MTPA Million Ton Per Annum NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training NCSCM National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management NGT National Green Tribunal Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 25

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NIO National Institute of Oceanography NV Noise & Vibration OSM Open Series Map PCQM Point-Centered Quarter Method PGVCL Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited PMC Project Management Cell ppt Parts Per Thousand QCI Quality Council of India RH Risk Assessment & Hazard Management RO Regional Office S.O. Standing Order SCZMA State Coastal Zone Management Authority SE Socio-Economics SH State Highway STP Sewage Treatment Plant TDS Total Dissolved Solids ToR Terms of Reference

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Gujarat Maritime Board

1.2 About Okha Port

Okha port was commissioned on 25th October 1925 by the Dewan of Baroda State and became operational in 1926. The port is under operation since before independence and hence the port has not under gone the environmental clearance processes under EIA notification 2006. However the port facility has obtained Consolidated Consent & Authorization (CCA) from Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) for handling 6MTPA of dry bulk cargoes, which is valid up to 2018. The Port has an anchorage facility at 2.4km off-shore and vessels up to -7.5m CD draught can be berthed within the port.

1.3 Proposed Expansion of Okha Port

GMB has planned to facilitate a dedicated berthing facility and other supporting amenities for Indian Coast Guard (ICG). Due to the increasing cargo demand in the region GMB has also planned to increase the current cargo handling capacity of the

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Okha port by extending the existing lighter wharf. The proposed project also includes reclamation of existing harbour facilities for providing supporting amenities and beautification aspects for ICG and existing passenger boat facility.

The details of the proposed project activities are,  Construction of ICG jetty of size 200x20m, approach trestle to ICG jetty of size 120x15m,  Extension of Govind Ghat (lighter wharf) by 40x15.45m,  Dismantling of existing wall of 26m long and 3m height,  Reclamation of 1.26Ha and beautification of reclaimed area near passenger jetty,  Reclamation of 0.9ha and beautification of reclaimed area near ICG Jetty,  Earthwork and construction of civil structures in the back up area.  Capital dredging of 3,41,250 m3 for berthing facility upto -8m CD.  Maintenance dredging of 34,125 m3 will be undertaken as on when required.  Increase in cargo handling capacity of Okha Port from 6MTPA to 10MTPA.

1.4 Overview of Environmental Settings in the Study Area

The existing Okha port facilities coordinates are 22°28'29.03"N, 69° 4'59.51"E and 22°27'52.36"N, 69° 4'31.91"E and the same can be located in Open Series Map (OSM) F42J3, the entire study area can be covered in OSM F42J3 and F42I15. The map showing location of Okha port is shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2. The 10km study area was defined for primary and secondary data collection as well as impact assessment as per the ToR approved by MoEF&CC and in line with the EIA guidance manual for “Ports and Harbors” published by MoEF&CC, February 2010. The Environmental setting of the study area is briefly presented in Table 1-1.

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Figure 1-1 Okha Port Location

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Figure 1-2 Google Earth Map Showing Okha Port

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Table 1-1 Environmental Settings of the Project Site

Sr. No. Particulars Details Okha Village, Okhamandal Tehsil, Devbhumi 1 Project Location Dwarka District, Gujarat 22°28'29.03"N, 69°4'59.51"E and 22°27'52.36"N, 2 Site Coordinates 69°4'31.91"E 3 OSM Map Number F42I15 & F42J3 4 Nearest railway station Okha Railway Station – 230m @ West None at Project Site. Nearest town, city, District 5 Nearest Town: Okha – 420m Headquarters District Headquarters: Jam Khambhalia – 65km 6 Ecologically Sensitive Zones None at Project Site. 7 Historical/Tourist Place None at Project site. 8 Beach Resorts None at Project Site Coastal Areas rich in corals, 9 mangroves, breeding grounds of None at Project Site. specific species Gulf of Kutch is available at the North and Eastern 10 Water Bodies/Reservoir side of the port facility 11 Sand dunes None at Project Site 12 Turtle Nesting and breeding grounds None at Project Site 13 Nesting ground of birds None at Project Site 14 Defence Installation None at project site National Parks, Marine Parks, 15 Sanctuaries, Reserve Forest, Wild None at project site. Life Habitats, Biosphere Reserves Whether the proposal involves approval/ clearance under: if yes, details of the same and their status to be given. Wildlife Clearance as per Wildlife (Protection) Act, 16 (a) The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1972. 1980? CRZ Clearance as per CRZ Notification 2011. (b) The wildlife (protection) Act, 1972? (c) The C.R.Z Notification, 2011? Gazette Notification published by Government of Whether there is any government Gujarat for Okha Port limit, 17 Order/Policy relevant/relating to the No.G/PF/13/98/IPA/1397/G/647-GH dated 21st site? July 1998. Refer Annexure 1.

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Sr. No. Particulars Details Whether there is any litigation pending against the project and/or land in which the project is proposed to be set up? 18 (a) Name of the Court None against the port facility. (b) Case No. (c) Orders/directions of the Court, if any and its relevance with the proposed project. *Note: Distances indicated based on aerial measurements The Study area comprises of Marine National Parks, Reserve forests, Ecologically Sensitive Areas such as corals, Mudflats, Mangrove forests, etc.

1.5 Need for EIA Study

As per S.O. 1533, EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006, Sl.No. 7(e), Development of Ports and Harbours, cargo handling capacity greater than or equal to 5 Million Tons Per Annum (MTPA) shall obtain prior Environmental Clearance from the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) from the MoEF&CC.

As per S.O. 19(E), CRZ Notification dated 6th January 2011, para 3 (iv)(a) states that, “required for setting up, construction or modernization or expansion of foreshore facilities like ports, harbours, jetties, wharves, quays, slipways, bridges, sea link, road on stilts, and such as meant for defense and security purpose and for other facilities that are essential for activities permissible under the notification”.

Further as per para 4(b) of CRZ Notification 2011, states that, “for those projects which are listed under this notification and also attract EIA notification, 2006 (S.O.1533 (E), dated the 14th September, 2006), for such projects clearance under EIA notification only shall be required subject to being recommended by the concerned State or Union territory Coastal Zone Management Authority (hereinafter referred to as the CZMA).”

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and Harbours. Since the proposed cargo handling capacity of the Okha Port is more than 5 MTPA, the project falls under the category ‘A’ which requires prior Environmental Clearance (EC) and Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Clearance from MoEF&CC.

1.6 Additional ToR

The Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA/EMP Report for Project Activities requiring Environmental Clearance under EIA Notification 2006 published during April 2015 by MoEF&CC for Ports and Harbours (Sl.No.36 7(e)–Ports, Harbours, page No.240) has been adopted for this study. Further, MoEF&CC have prescribed additional ToR vide letter No. F. No. 10-45/2017-IA-III, dated 11th September, 2017 along with standard ToR and compliance of the same are detailed below in Table 1.2. Copy of the ToR issued by MoEF&CC is attached in Annexure – 2.

Table 1-2 Additional ToR Compliance

S. No ToR Points Compliance Status Specific Conditions i. Importance and Benefits of the Project Addressed in Chapter 2 and Chapter 10 The data collection has been done as per standard survey methods prescribed by CPCB & MoEF&CC The Data Collection and Impact Assessment guidelines and represented in Chapter ii. shall be Standard Survey Methods 4. The impact assessment has been prepared based on the environmental conditions and proposed project activities and represented in Chapter 5. A Separate chapter on status on compliance of Environmental Conditions granted by State/Centre to be provided. As per circular iii. dated 30th May 2012 issued by MoEF&CC a Addressed in Chapter 3 certified report by RO MoEF&CC on status of compliance of conditions on existing port to be provided in EIA EMP report Submit a complete set of document iv. required as per para 4.2(i) CRZ Notification Noted and will be complied 2011 Map is under preparation by National Submit a copy of layout superimposed on Centre for Sustainable Coastal v. HTL/LTL map demarcated by an authorised Management (NCSCM), Chennai. It will agency on 1:4000 Scale be incorporated upon completion. vi. Recommendation of the SCZMA Noted and will be complied

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S. No ToR Points Compliance Status Prior clearance from NBWL shall be Noted and will be obtained after getting vii. obtained in respect of protected area recommendation from SBWL Various Port Facilities with capacities for viii. Addressed in Chapter 2 proposed project List of cargo to be handled along with the ix. Addressed in Chapter 2 mode of transportation x. Layout of existing and proposed port Addressed in Chapter 2 A detailed analysis of the physicochemical and biotic components in the highly turbid water round the project site (as exhibited in Addressed in chapter 4- Baseline the Google Map shown during the Environmental Conditions, based on xi. presentation), compare it with the which Impact assessment and physicochemical and biotic components in Management plan are prepared and the adjacent clearer (blue) water both in presented in chapters 5 & 9 terms of baseline and impact assessment and draw up a management plan Study the impact of dredging on the shore Addressed in chapter 5 under Impact xii. line section of Marine EIA report. Addressed in chapter 5 under Impact xiii. A detailed impact analysis of rock dredging section of Marine EIA report. Addressed in chapters 5 and 9 under Action Plan for disposal of dredged soil and xiv. impact and EMP section of Marine EIA rocks report Dispersion modelling for the dumping of the Addressed in chapters 5 and 9 under xv. dredge materials shall be carried out. The impact and EMP section of Marine EIA study report shall be incorporated report Details of air pollution control measures to xvi. Addressed in Chapters 5, 9 & 12 be taken as well as cost to be incurred Total water consumption and its source. xvii. Addressed in Chapters 2 & 9 Wastewater Management Plan xviii. Details of Environmental Monitoring Plan Addressed in Chapter 7 The impact of rock excavation and dredging Addressed in chapter 5 under Impact xix. separately section of Marine EIA report. A para-wise compliance to the consent xx. conditions as may have been prescribed by Addressed in Chapter 3 the State Pollution Control Board The EIA would follow the orders of the No court cases are available at Supreme respective courts and include a chapter in xxi. Court and NGT against the Okha Port the EIA on the court cases including those at facility and hence, Not Applicable the Supreme Court and the NGT

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S. No ToR Points Compliance Status The Marine biodiversity impact assessment report and management plan through the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) or any other institute of repute on marine, brackish water and fresh water ecology and biodiversity. The report shall study the Addressed in chapter 4 under Baseline impact on project activities on the Environmental Conditions of Marine xxii. intertidal, biotopes, corals and coral EIA report. Gujarat Institute of Desert communities, molluscs, sea grasses, sea Ecology (GUIDE) has been weeds, subtidal habitats, fishes, other commissioned for addressing the same. marine and aquatic micro, macro and mega flora and fauna including benthos, plankton, turtles, birds, etc as also the productivity. The data collection and impact assessment shall be as per standards survey methods. Disaster Management Plan for the above xxiii. Addressed in chapter 8 terminal Layout Plan of existing and proposed Green xxiv. Addressed in Chapter 9 Belt No court cases are pending against the State of Court Case pending against the xxv. Okha Port facility and hence, Not project Applicable. A tabular chart with index for point wise xxvi. Noted and complied compliance of above TORs Public Hearing to be conducted and issues raised and commitments made by the project proponent on the same shall be Will be added separately after xxvii. included in EIA/EMP Report in the form of completion of Public Hearing tabular chart with financial budget for complying with the commitment made General Guidelines The EIA document shall be printed on both i. Noted for compliance sides, as for as possible All documents should be properly indexed, ii. Noted for compliance page numbered Period/date of data collection should be iii. Noted and addressed in Chapter 4 clearly indicated Authenticated English translation of all iv. Noted for compliance material provided in Regional languages The letter/application for EC should quote v. the MoEF&CC File No. and also attach a copy Noted for compliance of the letter prescribing the ToR The copy of the letter received from the Ministry on the ToR prescribed for the vi. Noted for Compliance project should be attached as an annexure to the final EIA-EMP Report

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S. No ToR Points Compliance Status The final EIA-EMP report submitted to the Ministry must incorporate the issues mentioned in ToR and that raised in Public Hearing. The index of the final EIA-EMP report, must indicate the specific chapter and page no. of the EIA-EMP Report where vii. the specific ToR prescribed by the Ministry Noted for Compliance and the issue raised in the Public Hearing have been incorporated. Questionnaire related to the project (posted on MoEF&CC website) with all sections duly filled in shall also be submitted at the time of applying for EC viii. Grant of ToR does not mean grant of EC Noted The status of accreditation of the EIA consultant with NABET/QCI shall be ix. specifically mentioned. The consultant shall Noted for Compliance certify that his accreditation is for the sector for which this EIA is prepared On the front page of EIA/EMP reports, the name of the consultant/consultancy firm along with their complete details including their accreditation, if any shall be indicated. The consultant while submitting the EIA/EMP report shall give an undertaking x. Noted for Compliance to the effect that the prescribed ToRs (ToR proposed by the project proponent and additional ToR given by the MoEF&CC) have been complied with and the data submitted is factually correct (Refer MoEF&CC Office memorandum dated 4th August, 2009) While submitting the EIA/EMP reports, the name of the experts associated with/involved in the preparation of these reports and the laboratories through which the samples have been got analysed should be stated in the report. It shall clearly be xi. indicated whether these laboratories are Noted for Compliance approved under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the rules made there under (Please refer MoEF&CC Office Memorandum dated 4th August, 2009). The project leader of the EIA study shall also be mentioned

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S. No ToR Points Compliance Status

All the ToR points as presented before the xii. Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) shall be Noted for Compliance covered

Standard ToR Reasons for selecting the site with details of alternate sites examined / rejected / selected on merit with comparative statement and reason/basis for selection. The Examination should justify site i. suitability in terms of environmental angle, Addressed in Chapter 6 resources sustainability associated with selected site as compared to rejected sites. The analysis should include parameters considered along with weightage criteria for shortlisting selected site. Details of the land use break-up for the proposed project. Details of land use around 10 km radius of the project site. Examine and submit detail of land use around 10 km radius of the project site and map of the project area and 10 km area from boundary of the proposed / existing project area, Addressed in Chapter 4 – Baseline ii. delineating project areas notified under the Environment under Land Environment wild life (Protection) Act, 1972 / critically polluted areas as identified by the CPCB from time to time / notified eco-sensitive areas /interstate boundaries and international boundaries. Analysis should be made based on latest satellite imagery for land use with raw images Submit the present land use and permission required for any conversion such as forest, Addressed in Chapter 4 – Baseline iii. agriculture etc. land acquisition status, Environment under Land Environment rehabilitation of communities / villages and present status of such activities. Examine and submit the water bodies including the seasonal ones within the No water bodies available close to the iv. corridor of impacts along with their status, project site and hence, not applicable volumetric capacity, quality, likely impacts on them due to the project. Submit a copy of the contour plan with Addressed in Chapter 4 - Baseline v. slopes, drainage pattern of the site and Environment surrounding area

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S. No ToR Points Compliance Status Submit the details of terrain, level with respect to MSL, filling required, source of Addressed in Chapter 4 - Baseline vi. filling materials and transportation details Environment etc. Examine road / rail connectivity to the project site and impact on the existing traffic network due to the proposed project vii. / activities. A detailed traffic and Addressed in the Chapters 1 and 5. transportation study should be made for existing and projected passenger and cargo traffic. Submit details regarding R&R involved in Not applicable as the proposed project the project is well within the existing port facility. viii. No additional land acquisition has been proposed as part of the current proposal Submit a copy of layout superimposed on the HTL/LTL map demarcated by an Map is under preparation by NCSCM. It ix. authorized agency on 1:4000 scale along will be incorporated after completion. with the recommendation of the SCZMA. Submit the status of shoreline change at the Addressed in Chapter 5 of Marine EIA x. project site report Details of the layout plan including details Addressed in Chapter 2 – Project xi. of channel, breakwaters, dredging, disposal Description and reclamation Details of handling of each cargo, storage, xii. transport along with spillage control, dust Addressed in Chapters 2 and 9 preventive measures Submit the details of fishing activity and likely impacts on the fishing activity due to xiii. the project. Specific study on effects of Addressed in Chapters 4 & 5 construction activity & pile driving on marine life Addressed in Chapter 8 of Marine EIA xiv. Details of oil spill contingency plan Report Addressed in Chapter 4 of Marine EIA xv. Details of bathymetry study Report Will be undertaken during the detailed xvi. Details of ship tranquillity study engineering phase of the project. Examine the details of water requirement, impact on competitive user, treatment xvii. Addressed in Chapter 2, 4 and 9 details, use of treated waste water, prepare balance chart Details of rainwater harvesting and xviii. Addressed in Chapter 9 utilization of rain water

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S. No ToR Points Compliance Status Examine details of solid waste generation xix. Addressed in Chapter 9 treatment and its disposal Details of Desalination plant and the study Not applicable, as the proposed project xx. for outfall and intake is an expansion of existing port facility Examine baseline environment quality xxi. along with projected incremental load due Addressed in Chapter 4 to the proposed project / activities. The air quality monitoring should be xxii. carried out according to the notification Complied issued on 16th November, 2009 Examine separately the details for construction and operation phases both for xxiii. Environmental Management Plan and Addressed in Chapters 7, 9 & 12 Environmental Monitoring Plan with cost and parameters Submit details of a Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan xxiv. Addressed in Chapter 8 including emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disasters Submit details of the trees to be cut including their species and whether it also involves any protected or endangered No cutting of existing trees and other species. Measures taken to reduce the xxv. vegetation have been proposed in the number of the trees to be removed should current proposal. be explained in detail. Submit the details of compensatory plantation. Explore the possibilities of relocating the existing trees. Examine the details of afforestation measures indicating land and financial outlay. Landscape plan, green belts and open spaces may be described. A thick xxvi. greenbelt should be planned all around the Addressed in Chapters 9 nearest settlement to mitigate noise and vibrations. The identification of species / plants should be made based on the botanical studies. The Public Hearing should be conducted for the project in accordance with provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by Noted for compliance and will be the public should be addressed in the xxvii. addressed after completion of Public Environmental Management Plan. The Hearing. Public Hearing should be conducted based on the ToR letter issued by the Ministry and not on the basis of Minutes of the Meeting available on the web-site.

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S. No ToR Points Compliance Status A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should be prepared in accordance with the above xxviii. additional TOR and should be submitted to Noted for compliance the Ministry in accordance with the Notification Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction /order passed No litigations are pending against the xxix. by any Court of Law against the Project project/port facility should be given. The cost of the Project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well as the cost towards xxx. Addressed in Chapter 2 and 12 implementation of EMP should be clearly spelt out. Any further clarification on carrying out the above studies including anticipated impacts due to the project and mitigative measure, xxxi. project proponent can refer to the model Noted for compliance ToR available on Ministry website "http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Port and harbour".

1.7 Methodology Adopted for EIA Study

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed project was carried out by M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd. (Whose NABET accredition certificate is presented in Annexure 3) after a detailed review of the project feasibility report along with ToR and the additional ToR issued by MoEF&CC. Study area covering 10km radius from the proposed project development has been considered for the current study. The study area is divided into 2 zones, a core and buffer zone for the purpose of analyzing the level of ecological sensitivity and its relationship with the proposed project. Primary data were collected and compared with available historical/published information for assessment of various environmental components to develop Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Land use pattern was mapped for the study area using GIS, remote sensing techniques and satellite maps followed by ground truth verification. Baseline monitoring program was undertaken during 15th December 2017 to 5th March 2018. The baseline study was conducted to assess the environmental conditions by collecting samples and analyse for

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the quality of air, soil, noise, groundwater, surface water, marine water and sediment by a NABL accredited / MoEF&CC recognized laboratory, whose accreditation certificate is attached as Annexure- 4. Site specific meteorological data was collected during the study period using the automatic weather station installed at project site. Ecology and biodiversity studies were carried out for terrestrial and marine components of the study area. Field survey was conducted within the study area to analyze its socioeconomic conditions and it was compared with published census data to develop socioeconomic profile of the study area.

Impact Assessment of various environmental components have been carried out using standard EIA tools and techniques with appropriate input of primary and secondary baseline data to determine the significance of the project impact on neighbouring environment. Various activities that are expected during construction and operation phases of the proposed project were evaluated for its significance. Based on the impact, suitable EMP was developed to mitigate the pollution level. Risk assessment study, emergency response plan were also prepared for the proposed project.

1.8 Structure of EIA Report

The EIA report for the proposed project has been organized as per Appendix-III of EIA Notification, 2006 which describes the Generic Structure of Environmental Impact Assessment Document.

Chapter 1- This chapter describes the background and need for study as per ToR along with the brief description of nature, size and location of the project as well as its importance to the region and country.

Chapter 2- This chapter describes the detailed information on the size, location of the project including project layout, technology and process involved, proposed schedule for approval and implementation.

Chapter 3- The status of compliance to earlier Environmental Clearances issued by MoEF&CC for the existing port facility is discussed in this Chapter.

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Chapter 4- This chapter describes the existing baseline environmental conditions of the terrestrial components inclusive of land use & land cover along with the base maps of all the components, socio-economic condition of the study area.

Chapter 5- This chapter explains the anticipated positive and negative environmental impacts due to the project location, construction and operation. The significance of the impacts will be analyzed in order to provide the mitigation measures so as to reduce the impacts of the environment.

Chapter 6- This chapter describes the analysis of alternatives for the proposed project.

Chapter 7- This chapter deals with the Environment Monitoring Plan for the study area.

Chapter 8- This chapter deals with the additional studies such as Risk Assessment, CRZ study and Disaster Management Plan.

Chapter 9- This chapter explains Environmental Management Plan for the environmental components during both construction and operation phases of the project.

Chapter 10- This chapter provides the details of the Project benefits such as the improvements in physical infrastructure, social infrastructure and employment potential.

Chapter 11- This chapter presents summary and conclusions.

Chapter 12- This chapter discusses about the Budget for the proposed Environmental Management Plan

Chapter 13- This chapter gives the details of the disclosure of environmental consultants involved in the preparation of the report.

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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 General Description of Port

Okha port is one among the 10 major port groups owned by GMB, it is an all weather, intermediate port facility located between 22°28'29.03"N, 69°4'59.51"E and 22°27'52.36"N, 69°4'31.91"E in Okha Town of Okhamandal Thesil, Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat. The geographical location of the port is in farthest corner of Southern Gulf of Kutch and it has a stable coast around the port. The port acts as an intermediate facility for handling of Goods and Cargo and has well connected Road Network for evacuation of cargo through trucks. Table 2-1 shows the list of cargo handled in Okha Port. Table 2-1 Cargo handled at Okha Port

Cargo Movement Type Cargo Type Coke Coal Wheat Import Sulphur Fertilizer Lime stone Calcium Bauxite Bauxite Onion Sugar Export Clinker Raw bauxite Salt Soda Ash

Major commodities handled are Coal, Bauxite, Lime stone, Salt, Pet- Coke etc., out of which approximately 50% to 60% quantity has been handled through Lighterage operation. At present Okha Port has facility to accommodate and berth ships/vessels having draught less than 7.5m. Cargo carrying Ships/vessels that are having draft more than 7.5m draught are being operated through Lighterage operation by anchoring at 2.5km offshore from Port. Lighterage operation is being carried out at 100 meter long lighter wharf (Govind Ghat). At present only one barge can be accommodated at this Lighterage Wharf. By increasing the length of the wharf by 40 meter, two barges can be

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berthed at the same time leads to increase in cargo handling capacity of the port. Okha port is a one of the major ports groups administered by GMB, Okha port is part of a group of other alliance port that are located in neighbouring areas, each port offers various services to its consumers like fishermen, tourist and corporate. The alliance ports and activities of Okha Port group are presented in Table 2-2. The land use breakup of Okha port is presented in Table 2-3. Table 2-2 Okha Port Group Details Sub port Activities Beyt Dwarka Passenger jetty for tourism/pilgrimage purpose and for fishermen. Rupen Used for Fishing activity. Okha Commercial port and fishermen jetty

Table 2-3: Land Use breakup of Okha Port

S. No Land Use breakup Area in “Ha”

1 Port Yard 16.8

2 Stacking Yard 11.35

3 Passenger shed, Jetty, Slip ways 3.84

4 Port Colony 18.56

5 Marshalling Yard Part – B 13.16

6 Vacant Land 39.04

Total Area 102.75

2.2 Existing facilities in Okha Port

The existing facilities within the Okha port are as follows:  Govind Ghat (lighter wharf) – Berthing facility for barges to handle dry bulk cargo (Bauxite).  Sayaji Pier – Berthing facility for ships for handling dry bulk cargo (Bauxite).  Dry Cargo Berth (DCB) – Berthing 2 nos. of vessels at a time, one on the eastern and the other on the western side.

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 Gravity Wharf – Berthing facility for barges to handle dry bulk cargo (Coal and Bauxite).  Passenger Jetty – Berthing facility for passenger boats to Bet Dwarka.  Warehouses/storage godowns, transit sheds (total 16 Nos.), dry docks, workshops and other amenities.  Total Existing backup yard of 22.8 Ha - 5Ha within port boundary and 17.8Ha outside the port.  Anchorage of large ships at 2.4km offshore, for berthing of vessels upto 7.5m draught.  Two buoys are available in the navigation channel at about 360m from shoreline.  Two tugs (Rukmani & Gopnath) of 1600 BHP each is available at the port facility  One launch (M.L.Gomti) is available at port for ferry services.  One mobile harbour crane of 12.5tonnes capacity  One grab dredger.

Following are the landing facilities available at port to handle the traffic.

 Sayaji Pier Dimensions 180 m × 20.5 m Draft 8 meters Approach 114 meter

The pier can berth 2 nos. of vessels at a time, one on the eastern and the other on the western side.

 Dry Cargo Berth (DCB)

Dimensions 146 m × 13.72 m Draft 4 meter Approach 216 meter

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The pier can also berth 2 nos. of vessels at a time, one on the eastern and the other on the western side

 Lighter wharf – 100 meters.

Lighter wharf of 100m length can berth 1no of barge at a time for handling dry bulk cargo. GMB has proposed to expand the lighter wharf from 100m to 140m to accommodate berthing of 2nos of barges at a time.

 Transit Shed/Godown

Warehouse and storage godown 16 Nos. (2.43 Ha) Open Plot 2 Nos. (0.35 Ha) Storage Area (Stacking Area) 5 Ha

 Repair facilities

Dry Dock 59.0 m x 22.70 m. Work Shop 45.3 x 13m

Dry dock and Work shop are used for carrying repairing/maintenance work for port crafts.

2.3 Salient Features of the Proposed Project

In the fast growing market for World Trade, Development in terms of technology and infrastructure is inevitable; in order to be part of the game, change and adaptation is necessary. The World’s growing needs have to be seen as a platform for up-gradation and economic growth of one’s services and at the same time without compromising the environment. The proposed project is focused on the goal of addressing the growing need for cargo trade and additional alliance facilities, by increasing the cargo handling capacity from 6MTPA to 10MTPA and providing additional berthing facility by extending existing Lighterage wharf. The proposed developments in the terrestrial region of Okha port premises are,  Dismantling of existing wall of 26m long and 3m height,  Admin and Other Control Facilities for ICG Jetty and Other Allied Facilities

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 Increase in cargo handling capacity of Okha Port from 6MTPA to 10MTPA.

The proposed development is within the existing port facility and hence, no additional land is required. The dredging and reclamation activity for the proposed development are to be carried out in waterfront area of the port and will be utilized for supporting area of proposed ICG jetty and for existing passenger jetty. Photography of the project site is shown in Figure 2-1.

Capital dredging is proposed at ICG jetty and approach channel to maintain a draft of 8m for berthing Coast Guard Vessels. The layout for the proposed project is shown in Figure 2-2.

Bauxite Storage Yard

Coal Storage Yard Lime Stone Storage Yard Figure 2-1 Project Site Photographs

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Figure 2-2 Okha Port – Proposed Project Layout

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2.4 Cargo Handled

The details of cargo handled (i.e., Piers and Wharf etc) are presented in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4 Quantity of Cargo Handled at Okha Port (during 2012 – 2018 March)

Year Cargo handled at Okha Port

2011-12 1.6 2012-13 1.7 2013-14 2.5 2014-15 4.5 2015-16 4.8 2016-17 5.1 2017-18 upto March 5.4 (Cargo in MT) The above table shows the overall increase in cargo handled at the port over the past years, the steady increase in cargo traffic needs to be handled in a convenient and organized manner to ease the process for port users, for this purpose, extension of existing wharf is proposed. The existing facilities will be adequate to handle the proposed incremental cargo quantity and hence no additional facilities are proposed. GMB also engaged external vendor on PP basis for cargo handling.

2.5 Availability of Water/ Power requirement and its source

2.5.1 Water Source

The existing port facility has a water supply of 450 cubic meters per day from the Gadechi Water Works which is under the control of Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board (GWSSB). This quantity is sufficient for the proposed project activity; hence no additional water will be required.

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2.5.1.1 Water Balance for Existing Activities The Okha port has a water supply of 450 cubic meters per day from the Gadechi Water Works which is under the control of Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Board (GWSSB). This quantity is sufficient for the proposed project activity; hence no additional water will be required. The water is being utilized for drinking and sanitation, dust suppression system in coal storage yards, road wetting, greenbelt and wheel washing. About 60 Kilo litre of water is consumed by the port permanent and temporary employees out of which 80% is converted to sewage. This sewage is sent to dedicated soak pit and septic tank. For dust suppression system, wheel washing, road wetting and other usages about 390 KLD of water is used, the runoff water from these activities are collected in settling tanks for retention and reuse. The water balance for the existing activity is shown in Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3 Water Balance for the Existing Activity.

2.5.1.2 Water Balance for Proposed Activities The water requirement for existing and proposed project remains the same. When comparing existing and proposed project activitie’s water requirement, exiting activities require more water since most operations are done manually. When the port is mechanized and modernized water requirement for each activity will be regulated and

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used appropriately. The total water quantity will be used for activities like domestic consumption, Dry Fog Dust Suppression System (DFDS) in coal storage yard, road wetting, wheel washing and green belt development. Based on the number of permanent and temporary workers, the water required for domestic consumption is calculated and is found to be 80 KLD. The sewage that is generated from the domestic consumption will be treated in the proposed sewage treatment plant and reused in 3- tier greenbelt development around the port area and storage area to control pollution. For DFDS, a total water quantity of 270 KLD will be utilized in controlling the fugitive emissions from the storage yard. Two water sprinkling tanks of capacity 10 kilo liters each will be employed for road wetting within the Port premises. Mechanized wheel washing unit and road wetting and other miscellaneous will combine consume 100 KLD. The waste water from DFDD and wheel washing will be stored in primary settling tanks for reuse. The water balance for proposed activities is shown in Figure 2-4. Figure 2-4 Water Balance for Proposed Activities

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2.5.2 Power Supply

Paschim Gujarath Vij Company Limited (PGVCL) supplies 150kVA of power per day for the port facility and the same will suffice for the proposed project activity also; hence no additional power supply is required. Okha Port has two dedicated D.G set of 160kVA and 70kVA, which will be used for standby power supply.

2.6 Waste (liquid and solid) Quantity and their management/disposal

Solid and other domestic wastes are being collected, segregated and disposed as per CPCB/ Municipal Guidelines. Used spent oils of 0.5 MTPA from the existing facility is being disposed through authorized recyclers. About 0.5MTPA spent oils are envisaged from the proposed facility will also be disposed through authorized recyclers. Metal scraps and debris waste will be disposed to local authorised vendors.

2.7 Recycling and reusing of wastes envisaged in the project

The sewage from existing port facility is being disposed in septic tank and soak pit. Sewage from proposed activities will be treated in the proposed STP (Sewage Treatment Plant) and will be reused for green belt development and other facilities within the port. The waste water that will be generated from port activities will be treated in the proposed primary treatment plant and will be reused.

2.8 Employment Generation due to the project

The additional cargo handling facility will generate direct and indirect employment in the region for about 150 peoples during construction phase and about 80 people during operation phase. The direct employment within the port facility is through handling/transporting the cargo, repair/maintenance works, port operation control, and the local vendors. Indirect Employment to the local stakeholders due to the port based industries / commercial activities are envisaged.

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2.9 Project Schedules and Cost Estimates

The proposed developments will be undertaken after obtaining EC and CRZ Clearances from MoEF&CC and Consent Order for Establishment from GPCB. The proposed developments will be carried out over a period of 5years.

The estimated project cost for the development of proposed project activities is INR.107.76Crores.

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3 COMPLIANCE STATUS OF THE EARLIER CLEARANCES

Okha port was commissioned on 25th October 1925, which is prior to implementation of Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1986 and Environmental Impact Assessment Notification (EIA) 2006. Hence the port facility does not have prior EC as on date. However, the port facility has obtained CC&A (Consolidated Consent Authorization) from GPCB and timely renewal of the same is being done. Since the current proposal is the first project for Okha Port facility under EIA notification 2006, the latest compliance for CC&A has been enclosed as Annexure 5.

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4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

4.1 General

In order to understand the existing environmental conditions, environmental aspects like Air Environment, Noise Environment, Water Environment, Biological Environment and Socio- Economic Environment needs to be monitored and analyzed. For this purpose baseline monitoring study is conducted; for one season terrestrial environment within the 10km study area. Monitoring was done for a period of 3 months (Dec 2017- Mar 2018).

The study area represents the details of the environment in 10 km radius from the boundary of the proposed project site. Study area has been divided into two zones namely: core zone and buffer zone. The core zone area is 5km radial distance from project site and the buffer zone is 5km to 10km radial distance from project site. Google Map showing the study area of 5km and 10km radial distance from project site is presented in Figure 4-1.

The study area has been divided into zones for the purpose of identifying the magnitude of Impact that may be caused due to the proposed activity. The proposed activity are majorly in Marine Environment and core zone, hence more importance is given to Marine Environment. Terrestrial monitoring has been conducted for analyzing Ambient Air Quality (AAQ), site specific meteorology, ambient noise, surface water quality, ground water quality and soil quality. All the samples have been analyzed for the parameters as per the prescribed standards and guidelines.

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Figure 4-1 Study Area Map showing 5km – 10 Km distance –Okha Port

4.2 Study Area

Okha is a coastal town in Devbhoomi Dwarka district of Gujarat. It is located on a narrow strip of land surrounded by the Arabian Sea on three sides. Okha is a busy, historical port where Indian Navy, Coastguard, Customs and Gujarat Marine Police all have their operational command centre. Okha port majorly imports coal from Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia for the thermal power stations of Gujarat and for Soda Ash Plant of Tata Chemicals, Fishing and salt processing industries are also part of Okha’s Business. Bet Dwarka Island is located at an aerial distance of 1.5km East of Okha port, which is a major pilgrimage center due to the presence of Lord Krishna temple, every year many tourists visit this area. The island can be reached by ferry service from Okha port. There are four main schools in Okha: Kendriya Vidyalaya, Okha Gram Panchayat School, V.A. English Medium School and Bansi High School.

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Okha is famous among marine enthusiasts, for its location, scenery, biodiversity, coral reefs and the small islands in the surrounding area; it is a beautiful coastal town with a vast scope for many eco-friendly activities and economic growth.

The environment settings of the study area and project site is defined as per the Appendix I (III) Environmental Sensitivity of EIA Manual dated 14th September, 2006 published by MoEF&CC in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 Environmental Sensitivity within 15 km Aerial Distance from the Project Boundary

S. No Particulars Details

1 Project location Okha Port, Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat

Lat: 22°28'29.03"N Lat: 22°27'52.36"N 2 Site Coordinates Long: 69°4'59.51"E Long: 69°4'31.91"E

Details of Forest land involved, if Not applicable since, no forest land falls within the 3 any proposed project site

As per the Notification published by MoEF dated 22nd Areas protected under August 2013 (S.O 2561(E)) the following ESA/MNP are international conventions, listed below, national or local legislation for  Arambada ESA/MNP – 2.36km @SW 4 their ecological, landscape,  Adatra ESA/MNP – 3.12km @SW cultural or other related value  Padli ESA/MNP – 7.29km @SSW (National Park/ Wild Life  Hamusar ESA/MNP – 7.65km @SSW Sanctuary in 15 km radius Area)  Shamlasar ESA/MNP – 8.62km @S  Positra ESA/MNP – 9.34km @SSE

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S. No Particulars Details

 Mangroves in, Arambada ESA/MNP - 3.69km @ SW  Padli ESA/MNP – 6.42km @SSW  Hamusar coastline – 7.24km @SSW  West of Kyu Island – 7.44km @SSE Areas which are important or  Positra ESA/MNP (East of Kyu Island) – 7.92km sensitive for ecological reasons - @SE Wetlands, watercourses or other  NE of Positra coastline 13.32km@ SE 5 water bodies, coastal zone,  RF at Northern boundary of Bet Shankhodhar – biospheres, mountains, forests 3.26km @E (Eco-Sensitive Zone in 15 km radius area)  RF at Southern boundary of Bet Shankhodhar – 3.48km @SSE  KYU Reserve Forest – 6.8km @SSE  Positra RF – 9.44km @SE  RF at South of Positra village – 13.5km @SE  Samlasar ESA/MNP @8.62km S

Areas used by protected,  Saltpans used by Flamingos and other shore important or sensitive species of birds, 1.5km @ SW 6 flora or fauna for breeding,  Arambada backwater - 1.65km @ SW nesting, foraging, resting, over  Hamusar coastline - 7.24km @ SSW wintering, migration  NE of Positra coastline - 13.32km @ SE

Inland, coastal, marine or 7 Gulf of Kutch - 0m @ E underground waters

8 State, National boundaries None within the 15km study area

Routes or facilities used by the Passenger Jetty at Okha Port to reach Pilgrim Centers at 9 public for access to recreation or Beyt Island other tourist, pilgrim areas

10 Defense installations INS Dwarka

• Kansara - 0m @ W • Okha – 430m @ W • Ghumli – 1.03km @ W Densely populated or built-up 11 • Dalda Bunder – 0.8km @ SSW area •Arambada – 4.78km @ SW • Surajkaradi – 6.38km @ SSW • Mithapur – 8.17km @SW

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S. No Particulars Details

• Gram Panchayat High School, Okha 0.78km @ W • Kendriya Vidhyalay, Okha 0.94km @ SW Areas occupied by sensitive man- made land uses (hospitals, • Mithapur High School 9.26km @ SW 12 schools, places of worship, • Okha Fisheries Research Institute 0.44km @ NW community facilities) • Surajkaradi Hospital 7.46km @ SW • Mithapur Hospital 9.55km @SW

Areas containing important, high quality or scarce resources.  Agricultural Fields @ 4.26 SW 13 (ground water resources,surface  Dalda Bunder Fishermen hamlet 1.1km @ S resources,forestry,agriculture,fish eries,tourism,minerals)

Areas already subjected to pollution or environmental 14 damage. (those where existing None within 15km Study area legal environmental standards are exceeded)

Areas susceptible to natural hazard which could cause the The proposed location falls under, project to present • Seismic Zone IV – High Hazard Zone 15 environmental problems (earthquakes, subsidence, • Cyclone/Wind hazard landslides, erosion, flooding or (vb=50m/s) – Very High Damage Risk Zone extreme or adverse climatic conditions) similar effects

4.3 Terrestrial Environment

4.3.1 Physiography

Physiographically the district can be divided into the following units: Hilly areas and Coastal & alluvial Plains. Jamnagar, Jodiya, Khambaliya and Kalyanpur talukas are characterised by plain topography, whereas Jam Jodphur, Lalpur and Bhanwad talukas are characterised by hilly terrains. Cliffs are found in the Dwarka taluka with height upto 30m. Barda, Alech, Gop etc are famous hill ranges in the district. Mount Venu is the highest summit of Barda hills that attains a height of 617.1 metres. Okha Rann is a low-lying marshy area. Low coastal dunes

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and sand banks run along the north and west coasts. Jamnagar, Jodiya and Kalyanpur are plain areas. The Study area exhibits plain terrain. The three reserved forest within 10km radius is as follows,  Reserve Forests in Bet Shankodar Island  KYU Reserve Forest  Positra Reserve Forest

The minimum and maximum elevation of the study area (10 km radius) is 0 and 26m above MSL (Mean Sea Level) respectively. The Project site is located about 6 to 8m above MSL.

Topography of study area is presented in Figure 4-2. The Physiographic map of the study area is presented Figure 4-3 and the contour map of the study area is presented in Figure 4-4.

Figure 4-2 Topography of the study area

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Figure 4-3 Physiographic Map of 10km Study Area Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 61

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Figure 4-4 Countour Map of the Study Area

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4.3.2 Geology

The district is underlain by sedimentary formation. The important aquifer systems in the district are constituted by unconsolidated & semi-consolidated formations (surface layer underlined with unconfined sediment layers i.e, layers with higher porosity where water penetration is possible). The Study area underlined by the following geological formation, 1. Undifferentiated alluvium, sand dunes 2. Gritty, pelitic, Shelly limestone – Granular limestone composed of fossilized organisms/full of broken shells glued together with calcite derived from Mudstone and rich in minerals. 3. Shelly and Sandy limestone

The Project site includes Un-differentiated alluvium, sand dunes. The geology map of 10 km radius is presented in Figure 4-5 below.

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Figure 4-5 Geological Map of 10km Study Area

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4.3.3 Geomorphology and Structure

The land forms / geomorphic units and structures such as fractures, fissures and faults have been interpreted from the recent satellite image. All the landform / geomorphic units and structures occurring in the study area are mapped. The geomorphology and structures of the area plays the vital role in identifying the ground water potential zones. The following geomorphic units have been interpreted using the satellite images within 10 km radius of the project site boundary.

1. Coastal Alluvium 2. Coastal plain younger 3. Coastal plain older 4. Salt flat 5. Off-shore Island

Coastal Alluvium, Coastal plain younger, older are good in ground water occurrence and movement. However, the quality of deeper aquifer in the coastal land forms is not potable. The Project site is located in Coastal Plain younger.

There is a fracture system occurring in and around the project site, which is a good ground water conduit. High yielding bore wells are expected in the intersection of these fractures. In the southern site, there is promising fracture systems and it is also observed that there is promising fracture aquifer within 1km from the project boundary (good groundwater source).

The Geomorphology and Structure Map of the study area is presented in Figure 4-6 and site photographs are presented in Figure 4-7.

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Figure 4-6 Geomorphology and Structure Map of 10km Study Area Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 66

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Figure 4-7 Geomorphology of the Study area

4.3.4 Drainage and Water Bodies

The district is devoid of any major perennial rivers, most of them being small and flow sluggishly through the low-lying lands. Principal Rivers are Aji, Unai, Vartu, Venu, Ghee, Rangmati, Nagmati, Fulzar, Sasoi and Khari.

Since the area is coastal plain, there is no major reservoir within 10 km radius from the project site. There are no rivers or stream near by the project site.

The drainage of the study area is presented below in Figure 4-8.

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Figure 4-8 Map of Drainage & Water Bodies within 10km Study Area

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4.3.5 Occurrence of Groundwater

Hydrogeologically the district area can be broadly grouped under hard rocks comprising “Deccan traps” and soft rocks comprising “Tertiaries and Alluvium”. Nearly 80% of the area is underlain by Deccan Traps, 19% by the Teriaries and the rest by Alluvium. Hydrogeological conditions in various litho units are described below: These are essentially basaltic flows having general horizontal to near horizontal disposition over large area. The basaltic flows do not have any primary porosity in the lower massive portion, but the top vesicular portion has some porosity because of the vesicles formed due to escaping gases. Both massive and vesicular portions have no primary permeability, as the vesicles are seldom interconnected. The secondary porosity and permeability developed due to fracturing and jointing provides passage for infiltration, storage and movement of groundwater. The weathered zone extends to about 20m bgl in the surface flows. Weathered flow contacts extend to greater depths. The permeability of these zones is further intensified by fracturing and jointing. These interflow zones and fractured and jointed zones have given rise to stratified aquifer system, which is responsible for occurrence of water even at greater depths. Weathering of basalts, which extends down to 20m and the fractured basalts beneath the weathered mantle have given rise to water table aquifers down to 40 m bgl. The depth of water level in the area ranges from 3.30 m bgl to 25.40 bgl during the pre monsoon period while during the post monsoon the water level ranges from 0.06 to 17.50 m bgl. The yields of the wells tapping weathered basalts are in the range of 20-100m3/day. Those in which interflow zones have been tapped 100-400m3/day. The bore wells drilled in the district have yields ranging from 100 to 500m3/day. Groundwater in Gaj Beds occurs both under confined and water table conditions. The upper granular bed of the series consisting of limestone and grits forms a good aquifer for shallow groundwater. Dug wells and dug-cum bore wells within the depth range of 20-25 m bgl are constructed. The depth of water level in the Gaj aquifer ranges from 5 to 15 m bgl during premonsoon period. The yield of the wells varies from 4 to 312 m3/day and an average yield of 66m3/day. Groundwater Dwarka beds mainly occurs under water table condition; because of the clayey nature of the formations and the narrow stretch of sandy limestone exposed to recharge the rocks of this formation are poor aquifers. The depth of the water level in the Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 69

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Dwarka beds ranges from 2 to 10 m bgl during pre-monsoon period. Dug wells and dug-cum bore wells within the depth range of 20-35m bgl are constructed. The yield of the wells varies from 8 to 270 m3/day and an average yield of 80m3/day. Groundwater Milliolite Series occurs under phreatic conditions. These milliolite limestone acts as a good reservoir for shallow groundwater. The depth of water level in milliolite limestones is generally about 5m bgl. Open wells are about 10m in depth. The yield of these wells ranges from 100-200m3/day. Groundwater in Alluvium occurs under unconfined conditions. The thickness of the alluvium is not more than 20m. Because of its clayey nature, percolation of rainwater is very poor resulting in poor yields. The depth of water level ranges from 2 to 10m bgl (Premonsoon). The yield of these wells hardly exceeds 100m3/day. The occurrence of ground water in the study area (10 km radius) has been studied in detail by collecting the water level from 4 well (borewells). The depth of the wells ranges from 20 m to 35 m. The ground water levels are collected from the bore wells. At the time of the collection of ground water level the yield of the wells have been recorded by oral enquiry. The ground water levels vary between 2.1 to 5.1 m bgl and yield of the wells varies between 40 to 120 liters / minutes. At the time of field visit during the pre monsoon, the local people were enquired about the water level fluctuation in the observed wells during the prost monsoon period. Based on the details collected Ground water level contours have been constructed for pre and post monsoon periods.

Figure 4-9 Borewell within the Study Area

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4.3.6 Land use/Land Cover Mapping

4.3.6.1 Prelude To demarcate different land use classes using the remote sensing data such as satellite imagery and application of GIS techniques were used for assessing the aerial extent of the different classes that is interpreted, for the 10 km radius from the proposed “Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha Port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat.”.

4.3.6.2 Study Area The project site is in a flat Coastal terrain. The study area (10 Km Radius from the project site boundary) lies in between N. Latitudes 22°23’05” and 22°34’05” and E. Longitude 69°00’05” and 69°10’05” and forms part of the Survey of India Open Series Map Nos. 41-B/15 and 41- F/03. The Project site falls in 41-F/03. As per the EIA guidelines the study area has been divided into Core zone and Buffer zone which is about 10 km radius from the boundary of the proposed project site area. The current land use has to be assessed as it forms the basis for any developmental planning.

4.3.6.3 Objectives of Land Use / Land Cover map Land Use / Land Cover - Land Use refers to man's activity and the various uses, which are carried on land. Land Cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial cover and others, resulting due to land transformation. Similarly as per NRSC guidelines, land use is the land which has economical function and land cover is the observed physical features on the land surface. The main objective of the study is to classify the different land use/ land cover within 10 km from the project boundary.

4.3.6.4 Methodology Information of land use and land cover is important for many planning and management activities concerning the surface of the earth (Agarwal and Garg, 2000). Land use refers to man's activities on land, which are directly related to land (Anderson et al., 1976). The land use and the land cover determine the infiltration capacity. Barren surfaces are poor retainers of water as compared to grasslands and forests, which not only hold water for longer periods on the surface, but at the same time allow it to percolate down.

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The terms ‘ land use’ and ‘land cover’ (LULC) are often used to describe maps that provide information about the types of features found on the earth’s surface (land cover) and the human activity that is associated with them (land use). Satellite remote sensing is being used for determining different types of land use classes as it provides a means of assessing a large area with limited time and resources. However satellite images do not record land cover details directly and they are measured based on the solar energy reflected from each area on the land. The amount of multi spectral energy in multi wavelengths depends on the type of material at the earth’s surface and the objective is to associate particular land cover with each of these reflected energies, which is achieved using either visual or digital interpretation. In the present study the task is to study in detail the land use and land cover in and around the project site. The study envisages different LULC around the proposed project area and the procedure adopted is as below.

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Figure 4-10 Flow Chart showing Methodology of Land use mapping

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4.3.6.5 Satellite Data IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS-III multispectral satellite data of 16th March 2017 was utilized for the present study. Details of satellite data is given below. The rectification of imagery was carried out on to bring the digital data on the earth coordinate system by means of ground control point (GCP) assignments/SOI Toposheet.

Name of Path & Year Sensor Scale Date of Pass Satellite Row IRS-P6 2017 LISS III 1:50000 90-56 16th March 2017

4.3.6.6 Scale of mapping Considering the user defined scale of mapping, 1:50000 IRS-P6, LISS-III data was used for Land use / Land cover mapping of 10 km radius for proposed site. The description of the land use categories for 10 km radius and the statistics are given for 10 km radius.

4.3.6.7 Interpretation Technique Standard on screen visual interpretation procedure was followed. The various Land use / Land cover classes interpreted along with the SOI topographical maps during the initial rapid reconnaissance of the study area. The physiognomic expressions conceived by image elements of color, tone, texture, size, shape, pattern, shadow, location and associated features are used to interpret the FCC imagery. Image interpretation keys were developed for each of the LU/LC classes in terms of image elements.

March 2017 FCC imagery (Digital data) of the study area was interpreted for the relevant land use classes. On screen visual interpretation coupled with supervised image classification techniques are used to prepare the land use classification.  Digitization of the study area (10 km radius from the proposed site) from the topo maps.  In the present study the IRS –P6 satellite image have been procured and interpreted using the ERDAS imaging and ARC-GIS software adopting the necessary interpretation techniques.  Satellite data interpretation and vectorization of the resulting units.

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 Adopting the available guidelines from manual of LULC mapping using Satellite imagery (NRSA, 1989)  Field checking and ground truth validation  Composition of final LULC map

The LULC Classification has been done at two levels where level-1 being the broad classification about the land covers that is Built-up land, agriculture land, waste land, wet lands, and water bodies. These are followed by level –II where the Agriculture land is divided into different classes such as cropland, Fallow, Plantation, while wastelands are broadly divided into, Land with scrub and without Scrub and Mining and Industrial wasteland. The wetlands are classified into inland wetlands, coastal wetlands and islands. The water bodies are classified further into River/stream, Canal, Tanks and bay.

In the present study Level I and Level II classification has been undertaken.

The SOI Topo map is presented in Figure 4-11 and Satellite imagery of 10 km radius from the project site is presented Figure 4-12

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Figure 4-11 SOI Topo map of 10km study area

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Figure 4-12 Satellite map of 10km study area Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 77

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4.3.6.8 Field Verification Field verification involved collection, verification and record of the different surface features that create specific spectral signatures / image expressions on FCC. In the study area, doubtful areas identified in course of interpretation of imagery is systematically listed and transferred on to the corresponding SOI topographical maps for ground verification. In addition to these, traverse routes were planned with reference to SOI topographical maps to verify interpreted LU/LC classes in such a manner that all the different classes are covered by at least 5 sampling areas, evenly distributed in the area. Ground truth details involving LU/LC classes and other ancillary information about crop growth stage, exposed soils, landform, nature and type of land degradation are recorded and the different land use classes are taken. Based on the field observation, the LULC Classification has been undertaken for Level I and Level II.

The detailed map classification of Level I and Level II are shown in Figure 4-13 and Figure 4-14 respectively.

The summary chart describing the different LULC observed within the study area is shown in Figure 4-15 and the area breakup table in shown in Table 4-2 below.

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Figure 4-13 Level I LULC Map of 10km study area Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 79

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Figure 4-14 Level II LULC Map of 10km study area Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 80

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Figure 4-15 Different Land use classes (Level II) around 10 km radius from the project site

Table 4-2 Area breakup of LULC classifications within study area Land use Classification S. No Area in Ha. Percentage Level I Level II 1 Built-up land Built-Up Land 1159 17.8 Agricultural Crop Land 1186 18.21 2 Land Fallow Land 925 14.2 Land with Scrub 366 5.62 Land with Scrub - Sandy area 208 3.19 Land without Scrub 337 5.17 Coastal Wetland 317 4.87 3 Waste land Salt affected Land 164 2.52 Salt Pan 956 14.68 Island 8 0.12 Mangroves 145 2.23 4 Forest Land Scrub Forest 572 8.78 5 Water bodies Water body 170 2.61 Total 6513 100

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4.3.6.9 Description of the Land Use / land cover classes Built-up land It is defined as an area of human settlements composed of houses, commercial complex, transport, communication lines, utilities, services, places of worships, recreational areas, industries etc. Depending upon the nature and type of utilities and size of habitations, residential areas can be aggregated into villages, towns and cities. All the manmade construction covering land belongs to this category. The built- up in 10 km radius from the proposed project site is presented in Table 4-3. The built up land (Rural / Urban) occupies 17.80%. Table 4-3 Built-up land composition within study area Area in Percentage S. No Land use Ha. (%) 1 Built-up Land (Rural / Urban) 1159 17.80

Bet Dwaraka Road at Nev Duwaraka 69°5'42.537"E 22°27'8.686"N 69°1'32.404"E 22°25'48.45"N Figure 4-16 Built-up Land within Study Area

Agricultural land This category includes the land utilized for crops, vegetables, fodder and fruits. Existing cropland and current fallow lands are included in this category. It is described as an area under agricultural tree crops, planted adopting certain agricultural management techniques. The Agricultural land in 10 km radius from the proposed project site is presented in Table 4-4.

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Table 4-4 Agricultural land composition within study area

S. No Land use Area in Ha. Percentage

1 Crop Land 1186 18.21

2 Fallow Land 925 14.20

Figure 4-17 Agricultural Land within the Study Area

Forest Land

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These are the areas bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation types (within the notified forest boundaries) capable of producing timber and other forest produce. The study area of 10 km buffer comprise of Forest plantation, forest blanks and Scrub Forest, Area composition of forest land within study area is presented in Table 4-5. Table 4-5 Forest land composition within study area

S. No Land use Area in Ha. Percentage

1 Scrub Forest 572 8.78

Figure 4-18 Forest Land within the Study Area

Wasteland Wastelands are the degraded or utilized lands most of which could be brought under productive use with proper soil and water management practices. Wasteland results from various environmental and human factors.

Land with or without Scrub It is the land which is outside the forest boundary and not utilized for cultivation. Land with or without scrub usually associated with shallow, stony, rocky otherwise non- arable lands.

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The Wasteland in 10 km radius from the proposed project site is presented in Table 4-6.

Table 4-6 Land with/without scrub composition within study area

S. No Land use Area in Ha. Percentage

1 Land with Scrub 366 5.62

2 Land without Scrub 337 5.17

3 Land without Scrub Sandy area 208 3.19

4 Salt affected Land 164 2.52

5 Salt pan 956 14.68

6 Mangroves 145 2.23

7 Island 8 0.12

8 Coastal wetland 317 4.87

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Figure 4-19 Wasteland within the Study Area

Water Bodies The category comprises area of surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds, reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers and canals. River cater channel is inland waterways used for irrigation and for flood control. Area composition of water bodies within study area is presented in Table 4-7. Table 4-7 Water bodies composition within study area

S. No Land use Area in Ha. Percentage

1 Water Bodies – Tank, River, Canal 170 2.61

No major surface water body is observed within the study area. The water bodies available within the study area are the surface tanks near the village settlements.

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4.3.7 Soil Classification

Soils of the district may be broadly classified as Coastal alluvial, medium black, shallow black and hilly. The medium black and shallow black soils are the main soil types in the district, while the coastal and hilly soils are the sub-soils. The black soil is rich in mineral and organic matter and is more fertile. The medium black soils are found in Dhrol, Jamnagar, Khambaliya, and kalyanpur talukas. These soils are generally 25 to 50 cm deep. Shallow black soils are found in Kalawad, Jam Jodhpur, Bhanwad, Okhamandal and Lalpur talukas. It is about 25cm deep. The coastal alluvial soils are found in Kalyanpur, Khambaliya, Jamnagar and Jodiya talukas. These soils are mostly saline and alkaline in nature. The soils in the study area are classified into 4 types and is presented in the below table. The soil map of the study area is prepared based on the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land use Planning, Nagpur. Table 4-8 Study area’s soil classification

Sl. No. Soil Classification 1 Deep, excessively drained, calcareous, sandy soils 2 Deep, well drained, calcareous, fine loamy soils 3 Very deep, Very poorly drained, calcareous, fine soils 4 Very shallow well drained, calcareous, loamy soils

The site is located in Very shallow well drained, calcareous, loamy soil region (i.e. the region’s soil drains water readily but not rapidly with internal free water occurrence being deep or very deep, mostly or partly composed of Calcium Carbonate and soil majorly composing sand then silt and smaller amount of clay; sand:silt:clay – 40:40:20). The soil sample collected from the project site during the study period also indicates that the porosity of the soil is 45% which indicates moderate permeability. The Soil in the study area is presented in Figure 4-20 and soil classification map of the study area is presented in Figure 4-21 below.

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Figure 4-20 Soil in the Study Area

To analyse the characteristics of soil within the study area 6 soil samples were collected and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The details of the sampling location are presented in Table 4-9 and the results summary is presented in Table 4-10. A total of 33 parameters were analyzed out of which 6 were found to below detectable limits, these 6 values are not indicated in the table. The detailed lab results are presented in the Annexure 6. Soil sampling collection photos are presented in Figure 4-22.

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Figure 4-21 Soil Classification Map of 10km Study Area

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Figure 4-22 Soil sample collection within study area

Table 4-9 Soil Sampling Location Details Aerial Village Distance S.No Samples Coordinates Direction Name from Project Site 22°27'46.31"N 1 Soil 1 Ghumli 2.12 km South-West 69° 3'39.73"E 22°26'29.07"N 2 Soil 2 Arambhada 6.04 km South-West 69° 1'48.44"E 22°25'50.04"N 3 Soil 3 Surajkaradi 7.7 km South-West 69° 1'5.98"E 22°24'3.91"N 4 Soil 4 Mithapur 9.07 km South 69° 2'0.74"E 22°23'10.94"N 5 Soil 5 Padali 10.4 km South 69° 2'11.37"E 22°22'55.67"N 6 Soil 6 Hamusar 10.08 km South 69° 3'26.27"E

Google Earth image containing soil sampling locations is presented in Figure 4-23.

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Figure 4-23 Soil Sampling Locations within 10km Study Area

Table 4-10 Result Summary of Soil sample’s Characteristics

S.NO PARAMETERS UNITS Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 3 Soil 4 Soil 5 Soil 6

Silt- Silt- Silt- Texture: Type Silt-sand Silt-sand Silt-sand clay sand sand

1 Sand % 19.8 36.9 39.2 40.2 39.2 39.8 Silt % 23.8 41.2 44.6 36.8 34.8 34.6 Clay % 56.4 21.9 16.2 23.0 26.0 25.6

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S.NO PARAMETERS UNITS Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 3 Soil 4 Soil 5 Soil 6

2 pH - 7.8 7.3 7.8 7.5 6.6 8.1 3 Moisture % 2.6 0.74 1.0 0.64 0.74 0.58 4 Conductivity µs/cm 25840 610 710 490 703 410 5 Specific gravity g/cm3 1.47 1.62 1.65 1.60 1.58 1.56 6 Porosity % 28.4 22.6 24.2 26.4 24.3 25.8 7 Sodium as Na mg/kg 12989 607 503 382 731 437

8 Available Nitrogen mg/kg 584 110 142 120 188 168

9 Nitrate Nitrogen mg/kg 288 64 84 88 99.4 104

Available 10 mg/kg 188 48.4 54.6 56.8 64.8 74.6 Phosphorus as P

11 Calcium as Ca mg/kg 697 44 87 66 128 65

12 Magnesium as Mg mg/kg 1745 40 26 27 26 26

13 Acidity as CaCO3 mg/kg < 10 100 < 10 64 116 < 10

14 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/kg 108 164 216 164 90 161

Sulphate Sulphur as 15 mg/kg 3398 328 243 180 235 268 S 16 Boron as B mg/kg 0.48 0.14 0.26 0.13 0.18 0.26 Total Organic 17 % 0.48 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 Carbon 18 Chloride as Cl mg/kg 27493 78 103 78 961 103

Sodium Absorption 19 - 59.8 15.9 12.1 10.0 15.4 11.6 Ratio

20 Bulk Density g/cm3 1.35 1.51 1.52 1.48 1.42 1.42 Water Holding 21 % 14.6 28.4 29.8 29.2 26.8 30.4 Capacity

Cation Exchange meq/1 22 13.5 10.4 10.9 10.9 9.9 10.9 Capacity 00 g

23 Available Potassium mg/kg 1424 814 716 384 474 344

24 Iron as Fe % 2.28 3.29 2.23 1.11 2.10 1.35

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S.NO PARAMETERS UNITS Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 3 Soil 4 Soil 5 Soil 6

27 Manganese as Mn mg/kg 386.82 807.00 719.06 297.52 566.64 636.11

29 Zinc as Zn mg/kg 48.84 49.41 33.10 19.56 33.60 16.71 30 Copper as Cu mg/kg 23.97 25.18 28.96 10.46 15.46 6.80

Results and Discussion The soil texture at location 1 was majorly Clay, whereas in all the remaining locations it is loamy soil. pH value ranged between 6.6 to 8.1 indicating slight acidic to alkaline nature, moisture content was highest at location 1 (2.6 %) and lowest at location 6 (0.58 %), indicating low saturation levels. Conductivity of the soil is in range of 410µs/cm - to 710µs/cm except at location1 where the conductivity is observed to be 25,840µs/cm indicating that the land is salt affected. High conductivity in soil is injurious to most crops and will affect plant growth. Specific gravity values ranged between 1.47 g/cm3 and 1.65 g/cm3, porosity percentage ranged around 22% to 28%, determining the soil texture. Sodium values were between 382 mg/kg and 12,989 mg/kg, highest at location 1 relating to high soil conductivity and mineral content. Nitrogen availability ranged from 110 mg/kg and 584 mg/kg, may be due to nitrogen fixation, nitrification, runoff, etc. Nitrate nitrogen, Phosphorous, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride and Sulfate sulfur were also high at location 1 maybe due to nearby sources and mineral absorption by the soil. Boron ranged between 0.13mg/kg and 0.48 mg/kg, Total Organic Carbon 0.03% to 0.48%. Water holding capacity ranged between 14.6% and 30.4%. Cation exchange capacity was between 9.9 meq/100g and 13.5 meq/100g, Available Potassium was highest at location 1 (1424 mg/kg) and lowest at location 6 (344 mg/kg). Iron content ranged from 1.11 % (location 4) and 3.29 % (location 2). Manganese value was found to be between 297.52 mg/kg (location 4) and 807 mg/kg. Zinc ranged from 16.71 mg/kg (location 6) to 49.41 mg/kg (location 2). Copper was highest at location 3(28.96 mg/kg) and lowest at location 6 (6.80 mg/kg). In addition to the above discussed parameters, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, Molybdenum and other Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons were found to be Below Detectable Limits (BDL).

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4.3.8 Air Environment

4.3.8.1 Regional Meteorology IMD Data

According to Koppen’s classification of climatic zones the entire study area falls under “Semi-Arid zone”. It experiences mild dry winters, hot and dry summers and humid monsoon with most of the precipitation occurring during monsoon. The rains can cause severe floods in these regions; the entire study area’s climate is influenced by the Arabian Sea. According to the Indian Meteorological Department, a normal year maybe broadly divided into four categories:

Winter January-February Summer March-May South-West Monsoon June-September North-East Monsoon October-December

The Long term meteorological data from the “Climatological Normals” published by Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) was referred for understanding the historical trend of meteorology in the study area. The nearest IMD observatory for the project site is located at Okha (22°29’ N, 69°07’E). The consolidated 30 years (1971 2000) Climatological data for Okha Observatory is presented in Table 4-11 and Table 4-12 respectively.

The baseline monitoring for meteorology data was done by fixing a meteorology station inside the port premises in the harbour area and the monitoring was done for a period of 90 days (11th Dec 2017- 11th Mar 2018).

The annual rainfall data of Devbhoomi Dwarka district, Gujarat for the year 2016; as published by Rainfalll Statistics under Indian Meteorological Department, is presented in Table 4-13.

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Table 4-11: Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Table for Okha Observatory Temperatures (oC) Rainfall (mm) Mean Wind Mean Extremes Humidity Heaviest Month Monthly No. of Date and Speed (%) Rainfall in Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Total Rainy Days Year (kmph) 24 hrs 66 Jan 26.5 16.1 30.4 10 1.8 0.3 20.6 2, 1965 15.2 62 72 Feb 28.3 17.3 30.7 10.9 1.1 0.3 13.6 17, 1990 15 66 80 Mar 30.9 19.7 34.1 16.8 0.1 0 36.6 24, 1967 15.5 73 83 Apr 32.4 22.6 36.4 20.8 0 0 2 15, 1970 16.3 77 80 May 33.8 24.9 37.5 23.3 1 0.2 96.6 20, 1999 18.7 76 81 Jun 34.9 25.4 39.8 20.4 63.4 1.9 190 30, 1980 19.4 77 84 Jul 33 24 34.5 20.9 168.5 6.1 283.3 10, 1973 20.6 80 86 Aug 31.6 24 33.3 22.4 62.3 3.9 119.8 11, 1981 17.5 82 84 Sep 31.6 23.7 34.1 21.8 27 1.6 74.5 12, 1997 13.6 79 80 Oct 32.7 22.6 35.7 20.2 9.6 0.7 69.2 16, 1963 11.4 77 66 Nov 31.6 20.9 33.3 18.2 11.2 0.3 175.7 1, 1981 13.4 66 64 Dec 28.2 17.6 31 14.1 0.4 0.1 24.2 16, 1967 14.3 61 Annual 77 35.3 15.9 39.8 10 346.4 15.4 283.3 10, 1973 15.9 Total/Mean 73 Source: Climatological Report published by Indian Meteorological Department, Okha, Gujarat (30 Years Data: 1971 to 2000)

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Table 4-12: Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Table for Okha Observatory No. of days with wind speed (kmph) Percentage no. of days wind from Month 62 or 20-61 1-19 0 N NE E SE S SW W NW CALM more 0 10 20 1 24 35 24 1 2 1 2 8 3 Jan 0 5 25 1 19 12 15 2 0 0 9 39 4 0 8 19 1 32 22 14 1 1 2 4 21 3 Feb 0 5 23 0 14 6 8 1 0 1 17 52 1 0 5 25 1 28 8 4 0 0 4 16 37 3 Mar 0 9 22 0 8 2 2 0 0 2 32 53 1 0 5 25 0 9 2 0 0 0 13 39 36 1 Apr 0 12 18 0 1 0 0 0 0 9 53 37 0 0 11 20 0 2 0 0 0 1 30 47 19 1 May 0 17 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 57 20 0 0 12 18 0 2 1 1 2 4 37 41 11 1 Jun 0 17 13 0 0 0 0 0 3 36 49 12 0 0 15 16 0 2 0 0 0 2 38 49 8 1 Jul 0 18 13 0 1 0 0 1 1 39 49 9 0 0 11 20 0 1 0 0 0 1 35 51 11 1 Aug 0 13 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 58 11 0 0 5 24 1 5 1 0 0 2 22 40 26 4 Sep 0 7 23 0 2 0 0 0 0 13 52 32 1 0 3 25 3 24 11 6 2 2 6 15 25 9 Oct 0 4 26 1 12 3 3 0 1 2 26 51 2 0 5 24 1 24 32 25 3 1 1 2 8 4 Nov 0 3 25 2 20 11 15 2 0 1 8 38 5 0 8 22 1 16 39 34 3 0 1 0 3 4 Dec 0 3 26 2 24 18 20 2 0 0 3 26 7 Annual 0 97 257 11 14 13 9 1 1 16 25 18 3 Total/ Mean 0 112 246 7 8 4 5 1 1 13 34 32 2 Source: Climatological Report published by Indian Meteorological Department, Okha, Gujarat (30 Years Data: 1971 to 2000)

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Table 4-13 Rainfall Data -Devbhoomi Dwarka District during the Year 2016 in mm YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 2016 0 0 0.3 0 0 32.2 149.5 331.6 9.8 49.7 0 0 Source: Rainfall Statistics published by CRIS-Indian Meteorological Department, Devbhoomi Dwarka, Gujarat

From the above table it can be inferred that Devbhoomi Dwarka District in the year 2016 received maximum rainfall from the South-West monsoon during the months of June to September, with highest rainfall in August (331.6 mm). The month of October also received certain amount of rainfall from the North-East Monsoon. During this time of the year, the region enjoys a cool climate with occasional showers and pleasant weather (cool day and nights), but the other remaining months receive no rainfall, experiencing a dry, hot climate during most of the year.

4.3.8.2 Ambient Temperature As per the IMD data, during the months of March to June there is continuous increase in the ambient temperatures. June is the hottest month of the year with mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 34.9°C and 25.4°C respectively. With the arrival of South-West monsoon during mid June, the temperature begins to drop and after the withdrawal of monsoon in late September, there is slight increase in temperature during the month of October. Winter prevails during the months of December to February, where ambient temperature during both night and day time reduces to lowest in the year. January is the coldest month of the year with highest and lowest temperatures of 26.5°C and 16.1°C respectively. The annual average temperature was found to be 35.3°C (max.) and 15.9°C (min.).

4.3.8.3 Rainfall This region receives rainfall mainly from south-west monsoon (Jun - Sep) which spread over period of 13.5 days. As per Climatological Tables, precipitation occurs mainly during the months of June to September. July is the wettest month in year as it receives rainfall of around 168.5 mm during a period of 6.1 days. Northeast monsoon provides

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with little rains during October to November. The average yearly rainfall was reported to be 283.3 mm.

4.3.8.4 Relative Humidity Relative humidity is comparatively higher during monsoon season with highest of about 86%. During the rest of the year the average relative humidity is around 75%. Relative humidity is higher during morning than evening due to sea-breeze and land breeze effect. The climate in the study area is humid due to the vicinity of Gulf of Kutch. The highest humidity of 86% occurs during the month of August at morning. The lowest relative humidity of 61% occurs during the month of December at evening.

4.3.8.5 Wind Speed An automatic weather station operated by the Indian Meteorological Department is used to give representative wind speed and wind direction for this region. The automatic weather station is located at 22°29’ N and 69°07’E, 7m above mean sea level with observations from 1971 to 2000. The average wind speed as reported by IMD is 15.9 km/h. Wind speed between the ranges of 1-19 kmph was recorded for 69% of the year while wind speed between 20-61 kmph was recorded for 29% of the year, and it was observed as calm in the remaining 2% of the days. Highest wind speeds were found to occur during May to August. The highest mean wind speed recorded at 20.6kmph during July and lowest was recorded at 11.4 kmph in October, the predominant wind direction being West with wind speed of 10-12 m/s. The annual wind rose plot of Okha region plotted with 30 years average data by IMD is shown in Figure 4-24.

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Figure 4-24 Okha Annual Wind Rose Plot IMD data

4.3.8.6 Site Specific Meteorological Data To determine the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions in the study area, an automated weather monitoring station was installed at (22°28'17.24"N, 69° 4'44.81"E) port entrance, elevation 12m. Micro meteorological parameters like wind speed; wind direction, rainfall, ambient air temperature and relative humidity were monitored continuously on an hourly basis for a period of 3 months. The monitoring results are discussed in the following sections.  Ambient Temperature

Ambient temperature ranges from 20.2°C to 34.2°C during the study period. Day time temperatures were comparatively higher than night time temperature which is common phenomenon.

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 Relative Humidity: Relative humidity was found to range from 34% to 85%.  Precipitation: No precipitation was recorded during the study period.  Wind Speed

The average wind speed was found to be 4.7 m/s during the study period. The 1st predominant wind direction was from North-West and 2nd predominant wind direction was from North-East. The results majorly coincide with the Climatological normals data for the same months (Dec-March) The wind rose diagram was plotted for the study period and presented in Figure 4-25.

Figure 4-25 Okha Wind Rose Plot - Primary Data

4.3.8.7 Baseline Ambient Air Quality The background ambient air quality of the study area has been analyzed by collecting 6 samples in various locations within the study area and the collected samples were Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 100

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analyzed for various parameters which were then compared with NAAQ standards, as per CPCB guideline. AAQ monitoring station photographs are presented in Figure 4-26. The sampling co-ordinates of the AAQ monitoring locations are given in

Table 4-14 and the sampling locations represented on Google Map shown in Figure 4-27. Locations for AAQ monitoring were based on strategic placement, covering the entire study area and important locations. The results of the analyzed AAQ within the study area are represented in Table 4-15. A total of 12 parameters were tested, among which 4 were found to be below detectable limits in all the locations, these parameters are not presented in the results table. Detailed lab results for AAQ are presented in Annexure 6.

Figure 4-26 AAQ monitoring within study area

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Table 4-14 Details of AAQ Monitoring Location within Study Area Aerial S. No Stations Location Name Site Coordinates Direction Distance from the Project Site 22°28'26.27"N 1 AAQ 1 Okha Jetty Project Site 0 km 69° 4'59.58"E 22°28'22.65"N 2 AAQ 2 Ghumli West 1.16 km 69° 4'3.53"E 22°25'58.07"N 3 AAQ 3 Arambhada South-West 5.25 km 69° 2'17.05"E 22°25'12.00"N 4 AAQ 4 Surajkaradi South-West 7.67 km 69° 1'7.40"E 22°23'58.15"N 5 AAQ 5 Mithapur South-West 8.75 km 69° 1'36.82"E 22°22'56.58"N 6 AAQ 6 Hamusar South 9.31 km 69° 3'14.97"E

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Figure 4-27 AAQ Sampling Locations within 10 km Study Area

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Table 4-15 24-Hours Average Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results (12 Weeks Period)

S. NAAQ Parameters UNITS AAQ-1 AAQ-2 AAQ-3 AAQ-4 AAQ-5 AAQ-6 No. S

PARTICULATE MATTER 1 µg/m3 60 33.10 23.49 27.64 32.56 31.59 21.42 (PM2.5)

PARTICULATE MATTER 2 µg/m3 100 70.25 50.45 58.12 68.04 65.57 49.37 (PM10)

3 SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2) µg/m3 80 16.44 5.86 7.96 11.15 16.81 2.59

OXIDES OF NITROGEN 4 µg/m3 80 30.23 15.05 17.91 21.84 27.12 9.70 (NO2)

5 OZONE (O3) µg/m3 180 38.90 19.36 19.62 26.77 38.1 13.80

BDL( D.L - BDL( D.L - BDL( D.L - 6 LEAD (Pb) µg/m3 1 0.04 0.0043 0.019 0.1) 0.1) 0.1)

7 AMMONIA (NH3) µg/m3 400 40.38 29.17 17.67 34.48 35.07 17.05

BDL (D.L - BDL (D.L - BDL (D.L - 8 NICKEL (Ni) ng/m3 20 9.46 1.85 5.18 5.0) 5.0) 5.0)

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4.3.8.7.1 Results and Discussion

The particulate matters concentration of PM2.5 particles ranged from 21.42µg/m3 to

33.1µg/m3 highest at location 1 (Okha Jetty) but well within the NAAQS (60 µg/m3) and

PM10 concentration ranged from 49.37µg/m3 to 70.25µg/m3 also highest at location 1 but well within the NAAQS (100 µg/m3). The Mechanization and modernization of Okha Port will further reduce these values far below NAAQS. Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of

Nitrogen (NO2) and Ozone (O3) values are well below the NAAQS in all the locations. Lead levels were measured in locations 1, 4 and 5 but are well below the NAAQS (< 1 µg/m3), in the remaining locations it was below detectable limits. Ammonia (NH3) was also below the standard value (400 µg/m3), highest measured in location 1 (40.38 µg/m3) and lowest in location 6 (17.05 µg/m3). Nickel was measured in locations 1, 4 and 5, but the values were below standard limit (<20 ng/m3) and below detectable limits in the remaining locations.

Parameters like Carbon Monoxide (CO), Arsenic (As), Benzene (C6H6) and Benzo(a)Pyrene were below detectable limits in all the locations.

4.3.9 Noise Environment

The noise levels were monitored at 6 locations within the study area on an hourly basis for 24hrs during the study period. Digital noise level meter was used to record the noise levels. Leq day and Leq night noise levels were derived and reported accordingly. Day time was considered from 0600 hrs to 2200 hrs and night time from 2200 hrs to 0600 hrs. The noise monitoring locations photographs are presented in Figure 4-28 and Google Earth image showing Noise monitoring locations are shown in Figure 4-29 and details are shown in Table 4-16, the day time and night time equivalent noise levels along with Standard values are presented in Table 4-17, detailed noise level monitoring report is attached as Annexure 6.

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Table 4-16 Noise Monitoring Locations within the Study Area

Aerial Distance S. No Stations Location Name Site Coordinates Direction from the Project Site 22°28'26.27"N 1 N1 Okha Jetty Project Site 0 km 69° 4'59.58"E 22°28'22.65"N 2 N2 Ghumli West 1.16 km 69° 4'3.53"E 22°25'58.07"N 3 N3 Arambhada South-West 5.25 km 69° 2'17.05"E 22°25'12.00"N 4 N4 Surajkaradi South-West 7.67 km 69° 1'7.40"E 22°23'58.15"N 5 N5 Mithapur South-West 8.75 km 69° 1'36.82"E 22°22'56.58"N 6 N6 Hamusar South 9.31 km 69° 3'14.97"E

Figure 4-28 Noise Monitoring within Study Area

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Figure 4-29 Noise Monitoring Locations within 10 Km Study Area

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Table 4-17 Noise Monitoring Results and Standards Standards Standards Day Time Night time Locations Description Day Time Night Time dB(A) Leq dB(A) Leq dB(A) Leq dB(A) Leq Industrial N-1 64.5 75 55.7 70 Area Residential N-2 48.6 55 38.6 45 Area Residential N-3 61.2 55 45.3 45 Area Residential N-4 49.5 55 37.1 45 Area Residential N-5 56.4 55 38.3 45 Area Residential N-6 46 55 36.8 45 Area

4.3.9.1 Results and Discussion Location 1 is within the port premise (Industrial area) whereas all the remaining locations are Residential areas. The standard noise limits for an Industrial area is higher than that of a Residential area. The measured noise levels indicate that, the noise levels in locations 1, 2, 4 & 6 are below their respective standard limits during both day and night time. Whereas the noise levels in location 3 was exceeding the standard limits during both day and night time, this may be due the monitoring location being close to the major road network through which truck transport cargo. In location 5 the noise level during day time was exceeding standard limit and at night it was below the limit.

4.3.10 Water Environment

4.3.10.1 Ground Water According to Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) report, the annual ground water availability is 2359.02 Ham. In that 1273.4 Ham is utilized for irrigation purpose and 273 Ham is utilized for domestic and industrial purposes. Average rainfall of 12.2cm helps in

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recharging the ground water. Currently the stage of ground water development is about 65.55%.

Figure 4-30 Depth of water during Pre and Post Monsoon

Pre Monsoon 2006-15 Post Monsoon 2006-15

Figure 4-31 Water Fluctuation from May 2014 to May 2015

The ground water development of Okhamandal is through dug well, bore well, hand pumps and tube wells. The regions that are covered by Deccan trap which is a hard rock formation. In such areas, dig well and bore well fulfil the water requirement. The water environment of Okhamandal is moderate. The Okhamandal taluk has salinity problem with depth. Only

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shallow aquifers are potable and deeper aquifers are subjected to salinity intrusion. During Pre-monsoon season, the water table in the study area is found at depths ranging from 5m to 10 m from the ground level and the Post-monsoon season’s conditions are shown in Figure 4-30.

Figure 4-32 Pre-monsoon period Ground Figure 4-33 Post-monsoon period Ground water table level water table level

In the project site the depth to water level is in the range of 2m to 5m. There occurs a 2m fall of water level during the Post-Monsoon season which causes the depth availability of water level to increases in the project site.

4.3.10.1.1 Regional Ground Water Quality As per the data published by CGWB in their District Groundwater Brochure for Jamnagar District, Gujarat (2013), the following results were observed; the hydrogen ion concentration was in the range of 7.51 to 8.28 which is in safe limits. The electrical conductivity is found to be within 333µS/Cm-13930µS/Cm. Increased electrical conductivity is due to presence of excess salinity in the water which is due to saline water intrusion into the water environment. The total hardness varies from 160 mg/l to 3850mg/l which exceeds the permissible limits which is the result of high concentration of dissolved compounds. The TDS ranges between 223 mg/l to 9333mg/l. The bicarbonates were found to be between 159mg/l to 1098mg/l and chlorine content was present in the

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range of 18mg/l to 4508mg/l. Sulphate and Nitrates were found to be between 4mg/l – 1043mg/l and 4mg/l to 310mg/l respectively. Calcium and magnesium were in the order of 32mg/l to 620mg/l and 2mg/l to 644mg/l. Sodium levels were in the range of 14mg/l to 1526mg/l. Potassium and Fluoride were found to be in the range of 0.6mg/l to 110mg/l and 0 mg/l to 5.75mg/l. Most of the nutrients are found to be exceeding the permissible limits which is possible because of withdrawal of freshwater and intrusion of saline water.

4.3.10.1.2 Ground Water Sampling In order to assess the quality of water environment; surface water and ground water samples were collected within the 10Km radius of the project site. It includes 4 ground water samples and 2 surface water samples. Samples were collected based upon the guidelines issued by CPCB. The collected samples were tested and compared with the water quality standards (IS: 10500:2012) to assess the physicochemical properties of various parameters. The details of the ground water sampling locations are shown in Table 4-18. The water quality monitoring stations are shown in Figure 4-35. The summary of the results are given in Table 4-19 and the lab analysis test report is given in Annexure 6. Groundwater sampling photos within the study area is shown in Figure 4-34. A total of 48 parameters were tested, among which 12 were found to be below detectable limits in all the locations, these parameters are not presented in the results table. Figure 4-34 Groundwater sampling within the study area

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Figure 4-35 Ground Water Sampling Location within 10 km Study Area Table 4-18 Details of Ground Water sampling location within the study area Aerial Distance Station Source of Location Site Coordinate from Project Direction Code Sample Site 22°28'10.53"N GW-1 Ghumli Well 1.14 km West 69° 3'59.67"E 22°25'58.71"N GW-2 Arambhada Bore Well 5.27 km South-West 69° 2'17.48"E 22°25'45.62"N GW-3 Surajkaradi Bore Well 6.51 km South-West 69° 1'29.55"E 22°24'34.69"N GW-4 Mithapur Bore Well 8.05 km South-West 69° 1'22.83"E

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Table 4-19 Summary Results of Ground Water Samples

S.NO PARAMETERS UNITS GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 1 Colour HU 2 2 2 2 2 Odour - Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 3 Taste - Disagreeable Disagreeable Disagreeable Disagreeable 4 Turbidity NTU 4.2 < 1 14.7 < 1 5 pH @ 25°C - 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.2 Conductivity @ 6 µs/cm 4682 3802 5684 13848 25°C Total Hardness as 7 mg/l 945 1102 420 3150 CaCO3 8 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.09 9 Chloride as Cl- mg/l 950 950 1649 4873 10 Oil & Grease mg/l < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 11 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.21 Total Dissolved 12 mg/l 2810 2282 3412 8312 Solids Total Suspended 13 mg/l 2 < 2 40 < 2 Solids P. Alkalinity as 14 mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil CaCO3 M-Alkalinity as 15 mg/l 397 272 648 209 CaCO3 Total Alkalinity as 16 mg/l 397 272 648 209 CaCO3 17 Calcium as Ca mg/l 185 316 76 943 18 Sodium as Na mg/l 842 384 970 1690 19 Potassium as K mg/l 66 12.6 5.2 0.8 20 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 117 77 56 194

21 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 271 198 188 397

22 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 117 135 54.2 45.8 23 Mineral oil mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 24 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.2 25 Boron as B mg/l BDL(DL:0.1) BDL(DL:0.1) BDL(DL:0.1) 0.52

26 Silica as SiO2 mg/l 11.5 21.7 5.4 19.2 27 Salinity ppt 2.81 2.28 3.41 8.31 Bicarbonate as 28 mg/l 484 332 790 255 HCO3

29 Carbonate as CO3 mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil

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S.NO PARAMETERS UNITS GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 30 mg/l < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 (BOD) 3 days @ 27°C Chemical Oxygen 31 mg/l < 4 < 4 < 4 < 4 Demand (COD) 32 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(DL:0.02) BDL(DL:0.02) BDL(DL:0.02) 0.05 33 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.15 0.06 0.12 1.42 34 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.17 0.09 0.11 0.40 35 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) 0.29 MPN/1 36 Total Coliform < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 00 ml

4.3.10.1.3 Results and Discussion The groundwater sources from which the samples were collected are used only for non- potable purpose due to their quality and the entire region receives drinking water supplied through pipelines. The results of analyzed ground water samples indicate that the colour and odour of all the samples were well within the acceptable limits and conditions, but the taste was disagreeable. Turbidity level in location 1 was below permissible limits whereas in location 3 it was above it. The pH was neutral with values ranging between 7.2 and 7.6. Electrical conductivity was high in all the samples ranging from 3802 µs/cm to 13,848 µs/cm. Iron levels were well within the acceptable limits, Chloride values in location 3 & 4 were above the permissible limits (>1000mg/l), this is also one of the reasons the water being undesirable to drink. Oil and grease concentrations were below 2mg/l. Fluoride content was below acceptable limits (1mg/l) ranging between 0.21 mg/l and 0.28 mg/l, TDS was above permissible limits in all the locations with maximum being 8312mg/l at location 4. TSS was highest at location 3 (40mg/l) justifying high turbidity value in the same water sample. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 was between acceptable and permissible limits (200 – 600mg/l) in all locations except location 3(648mg/l). These high values indicate the absence of acidity in water due to its neutralizing capacity. Calcium values in samples 2 (316mg/l) and 4 (943mg/l) were above permissible limits (>200mg/l) in the remaining locations it was below it, these high values may be due to presence of naturally

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occurring minerals in the location. Sodium levels in the water samples were high ranging between 384 mg/l and 1690 mg/l, highest at location 4, Calcium and Sodium levels at location 4 are high maybe due to high mineral content. Magnesium values in all the samples were above acceptable limit (>30 mg/l), locations 1& 4 values were above permissible limits (100 mg/l) and highest in location 4 (194 mg/l) also caused by mineral occurrence. Higher values of Calcium and Magnesium justify the increased hardness values in the ground water samples. Sulfate content in samples 2 & 3 were below acceptable limits (<200 mg/l) and above it in samples 1 & 3, highest in location 4 (397 mg/l). Nitrate levels of all the samples were above the permissible limit (45 mg/l), highest in location 1(117 mg/l), indicating ground water contamination may be due to sewage disposal, agricultural runoff or septic tanks. DO levels were around 7.2 mg/l in all the samples. Salinity ranged from 2.28 ppt to 8.31 ppt (location 4) maybe due to the discharge from nearby salt industry affecting ground water characteristics. The bicarbonates were found to be between 255 mg/l and 790 mg/l. Manganese was above permissible limit (0.3) in location 4(1.42mg/l). Zinc levels were below acceptable limit (<5mg/l) in all the locations. In addition to the above mentioned parameters few others were also tested and found to be below detectable limits they are Cyanide, Phenolic compounds, Boron, Aluminium, Copper, Heavy metals- Mercury, Cadmium, Selenium, Lead, Nickel, Chromium and Arsenic.

4.3.10.2 Surface Water There are 3 surface water bodies within 2Km radial distance from Hamusar Village of Ratangarh Tehsil. The water body located in the Hamusar village has been categorized as dry water body by Survey of India. All the water bodies falling within the 10Km radius are seasonal. A tank is situated at a distance of 9.8Km from the project site in the South-West direction which is now utilized for salt pan.

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compared with the drinking water standards (IS 10500:2012). The sampling co-ordinates of the surface water are given in Table 4-20 and the locations marked in Google Earth are shown in Figure 4-37. The summary of the analysed Surface water results are shown in Table 4-21. The results of the surface water samples are attached as Annexure 6. A total of 48 parameters were tested, among which 12 were found to be below detectable limits in all the locations, these parameters are not presented in the results table. Surface water sampling photographs within the study area are shown in Figure 4-36.

Table 4-20 Details of Surface Water sampling location within the study area Station Source of Distance from Location Site Coordinate Direction Code Sample Project Site 22°25'34.70"N SW-1 Surajkaradi Pond 6.64 km South-West 69° 1'34.20"E 22°23'3.99"N SW-2 Hamusar Pond 9.15 km South 69° 3'12.92"E Figure 4-36 Surface water sampling within study area

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Figure 4-37 Surface Water Sampling Locations within 10 km Study Area

Table 4-21 Summary Results of Surface Water Samples

S.NO PARAMETERS UNITS SW 1 SW 2

1 Colour HU 2 50 2 Odour - Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 3 Taste - Disagreeable Disagreeable 4 Turbidity NTU 14 270 5 pH @ 25°C - 7.1 7.2

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S.NO PARAMETERS UNITS SW 1 SW 2

6 Conductivity @ 25°C µs/cm 91142 634

7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 21420 101 8 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.14 7.8 9 Chloride as Cl- mg/l 29991 85 10 Oil & Grease mg/l < 2 < 2 11 Fluoride as F mg/l 1.2 0.24 12 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 54688 382 13 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 34 228

14 P. Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l Nil Nil

15 M-Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 94 146

16 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 94 146 17 Calcium as Ca mg/l 3367 21 18 Sodium as Na mg/l 15625 69.6 19 Potassium as K mg/l 272 12.5 20 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 3166 12

21 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 2190 68.3

22 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 3.5 BDL(DL:0.1) 23 Mineral oil mg/l Absent Absent 25 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 6.8 6.2 26 Boron as B mg/l 3.9 BDL(DL:0.1)

27 Silica as SiO2 mg/l 6.3 13.6 28 Salinity ppt 54.6 0.38

29 Bicarbonate as HCO3 mg/l 112 178

30 Carbonate as CO3 mg/l Nil Nil Biochemical Oxygen 31 Demand (BOD) 3 days @ mg/l < 2 12 27°C Chemical Oxygen Demand 32 mg/l 24 56 (COD) 33 Copper as Cu mg/l 0.25 BDL(DL:0.02) 34 Manganese as Mn mg/l 0.29 1.09 35 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.09 0.10 36 Nickel as Ni mg/l 0.31 BDL(DL:0.01) MPN/100 37 Total Coliform 50 110 ml

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4.3.10.2.2 Results and Discussion Colour value of the surface water sample at location 2 was higher than the permissible limit, there was no problem with the odour but taste was not good. Turbidity was greater that the permissible limit (>5 NTU) at both the locations with values 14 and 270 NTU respectively, the water was of neutral nature, pH ranging between 7.1 and 7.2. Conductivity was highest in location 1 (91142 µs/cm) and lowest in location 2 (634 µs/cm), caused due to high salinity in the water, with value as high as (54.6 ppt). Total Hardness in location 1 (21420 mg/l) was higher than the permissible limit (600) maybe caused due to naturally occurring minerals. Iron content of location 2(7.8 mg/l) was higher than the permissible limit (>0.3 mg/l), generally rainwater dissolves iron in soil causing it to enter water bodies and groundwater tables causing contamination and unpleasant metallic taste in water. Chloride levels in location 1 (29991 mg/l) was higher that the permissible limit (1000 mg/l) but in location 2 it was well below the acceptable limit (<250 mg/l). Fluoride was below acceptable limit in location 2 (0.24 mg/l) and in location 1 it was below permissible limit (1.5 mg/l), TDS value ranged between 382 mg/l to 54,688 mg/l, highest at location 1, this justifies the higher salinity and conductivity values. TSS value was highest at location 2 (228 mg/l) causing the increased turbidity in that water source. Alkalinity was well below the acceptable limit (<200 mg/l). Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfate, Sodium and Potassium values at location1 was very high compared to that of location 2, this indicates the high amount of mineral content in that location’s water. DO was in the range of 6.2 to 6.8 mg/l, highest in location 1. Boron content at location 1 was 3.9 mg/l but in location 2 it was below detectable limits, Silica was highest in location 2 (13.6 mg/l) and lowest at location 1 (6.3 mg/l), Bicarbonates value were 112 mg/l and 178 mg/l in locations 1 &2 respectively. BOD was present in location 2 at 12 mg/l and below 2 mg/l in location 1. COD was analyzed to be 24 mg/l and 56 mg/l in locations 1 &2 respectively. Manganese was above permissible limit (0.3 mg/l) in location 2 (1.09 mg/l) and below it in location 1 (0.29 mg/l), Zinc content at both the locations were well below the acceptable limit (5 mg/l), with values 0.09 mg/l and 0.10 mg/l respectively. Nickel value at location 1 was 0.31 mg/l and below detectable limit in location 2. Coliform levels in both the water samples were above Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 119

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the permissible limits (not detectable in 100 ml sample), indicating the water is contaminated. Parameters like Total residual chlorine, Phenolic compounds, Anionic detergents, Mercury, Cadmium, Selenium, Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, Aluminium, Organo chloride pesticide and Organo Phosphorus Pesticides were found to be below detectable limits.

4.3.11 Terrestrial Ecological Environment

Ecological studies give humans a deep insight into the principles of life; its forms and levels of existence and immortality on earth. Ecology reveals to us the truth that there is only “one life” on earth. Life exists infinitely in interrelations of diverse species in space and time. Ecology provides us with the wisdom that the supremacy and freedom, which humans enjoy over the diverse forms of life, are subject to the limits of nature’s constitutions. Nature shows no special concern for any individual species, humans or otherwise unless and until the species prove to be successful in nature’s quest for stability and sustenance of life on earth. Therefore, the primary social need of every sustainable society is to protect and utilize all their natural resources in a wise manner.

Ecology also provides information about the benefits of ecosystems and how we can utilize Earth's resources in ways that leave the environment healthy for future generations. Living things are organized in to natural communities with mutual dependencies among their members, and they show various responses and sensitivities to the outside influences. However, the process of rapid development and industrialization has marked some prominent questions about survival of the flora and fauna. Fortunately, global awareness during past few years has been augmenting and worldwide programs for wild life conservation have been formulated. The worldwide-accepted concept of ‘Sustainable development’ has given a vision of eco-friendly project execution.

4.3.11.1.1 Necessity of Ecological Monitoring Monitoring the influence of anthropogenic activities on flagship species is an important part of conserving biodiversity, because the information gained is crucial for the

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development and adaptation of conservation management plans. Ecological monitoring provides feedback about the actual environmental impacts of a project. Monitoring results help to assess the success of mitigation measures in protecting the environment. They are also used to ensure compliance with environmental standards, and to facilitate any needed project design or operational changes. Regulatory bodies worldwide are increasingly recognizing the fact that human activities are causing environmental and ecological damage. To effectively deal with this environmental crisis, it is important to understand its dimensions and dynamics: What specifically are the damages, how are they changing over time, and the best means of prevention or mitigation. To develop precise ecology management plan, longer-term programs of monitoring and research must be designed and implemented. Such programs are capable of detecting environmental and ecological change over large areas, and of developing an understanding of the causes and consequences of those changes.

4.3.11.1.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring

. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the status of flora in the buffer zone with special reference to the Rare or Endangered or Endemic or Threatened (REET) species.

. The impact of proposed project and its management strategies on existing status of biodiversity in the buffer area will be assessed using diversity indices.

. Baseline data of terrestrial and aquatic biological environment by studying distribution pattern community structure of flora and fauna.

. Areas of protected and ecologically sensitive areas will be visited and preparation of mitigation measures based on impacts.

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4.3.11.1.3 Survey Methodology

4.3.11.1.3.1 Flora survey

All accessible sites were identified within the study area of 10 km such that the ecosystems and land-use types were represented accordingly. The prediction of impacts on flora and fauna depends on understanding of the proposed project activities, its magnitude/extent, scale and ecological conditions in the surrounding area. Collection of rapid baseline information on flora and fauna is therefore a prerequisite for assessment of impacts of the development activities. The study area has been divided into three zones with respect to their distance from the project site: the core zone (project site) is considered as Zone I, the zone between the boundary of core zone and 5 km is considered as Zone II, and the area from the 5 km radius to 10 km radius from the project site is classified as Zone III. All the three Zones of lands would be mapped for their biological diversity. All the 3 zones within the study area are demarcated and presented in Figure 4-38.

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Figure 4-38 Zonation of the Study Area

Diversity assessment for different plant species and the analysis of Rare –Endemic – Endangered and Threatened (REET) flora was carried out. At each site, a study of floral diversity was carried out in the following manner. A quadrant of approximately 20 m x 20 m was marked. The species of trees, shrubs and large climbers, as well as the number of individuals of each species, falling within this area were noted. A quadrant of

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approximately 5 m x 5 m was marked within this larger quadrate. The species of herbs, both grasses and forbs, and the number of individuals of each species, falling within this area were noted. Smaller quadrate of 1m x 1 m for the more prolifically-growing larger herbs, and 10 cm x 10 cm for prolifically-growing minute herbs, were used when required.

4.3.11.1.3.1.1 Equipment / Instruments deployed:

o Quadrates

o Measuring tapes

o GPS

o Camera

o Binocular

4.3.11.1.3.2 Faunal assessment

A detailed study was carried out to cross check the list taken from secondary source and local villagers. In case of vertebrate species, no sampling could be done. As and when sighted, the species will be recorded if found within the delimited project and buffer areas, the animal species were also obtained from secondary data and circumstantial evidence besides direct observations. These techniques are accepted in EIA studies as per the EIA Notification, 2006. Observations were made on direct and indirect evidences for mammalian, avifauna and reptilian fauna within the study area. Analyses of Scheduled species will aid to identify the habitat/microhabitat diversity in the project site and surrounding areas within 10 km range from the site.

Flora and fauna studies were carried out to assess the terrestrial plant and animal species that occur in the core and buffer zone up to 10 km distance from the core zone boundary. The biodiversity of the survey area was then evaluated in terms of Species richness of the woody flora and the avifauna, percentage frequency, abundance and density of each floral species, and Evenness.

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All the three Zones of lands would be mapped for their biological diversity. Within the 10 km radius the two major landscapes namely, coastal area and mainland were delineated which was further demarcated into different habitats, Beyt Dwaraka, an island, also falls within the 10 km radius. Assessment of the terrestrial biodiversity mainly included flora, herpetofauna, aquatic and terrestrial birds and mammals.

4.3.11.1.4 Results

The published literature studies and reports were used to finalize the list of core and buffer zone species. Secondary data were compared with the existing sighted species in the study areas. The flora and fauna lists were also cross checked with the local communities. An effort has been made to identify the impacts of the proposed expansion of port and construction of jetty at different stages. Floral and faunal resources used by local communities such as timber, medicinal and fishing etc were also collected. The mitigation measures were suggested and conservation of Scheduled species (if any) has been given in respected sections.

4.3.11.1.4.1 Biogeographic zone

As per global classification defined by WWF, the region falls in the Indo-Malay Realm (IM 1303) and Deserts and Xeric Scrublands Biome. The North-western Thorn Scrub Forests [IM1303] eco-region represents a large expanse of degraded dry forest surrounding the Thar Desert. Neither exceptionally species-rich nor high in endemism, the eco-region nevertheless harbors viable populations of antelopes. As per classification of Indian Bio-geographic zones by Rodgers et al.,(2000), Saurashtra region falls under Bio- geographic Zone 4 - the Semi Arid with the Biotic Province 4-B, Gujarat Rajawarah.

4.3.11.1.4.2 General Characteristics of Floral Diversity

The flora of study area was represented by Casuarina equsetifolia, Azadirachta indica, Cocus nucifera, Ficus benghalensis, F. religiosa, Laecana Borassus flabelifer, Thespesia populnea, Moringa oleifera, Pithecelobium dulce, Terminalia sp. over large area.

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The field survey and literature review suggests that the vegetation types and community in the project area is that of semi-arid region. It is represented by saline land and sparse thorny scrub vegetation. The major part of the project area is devoid of large trees and mainly consists of Prosopis juliflora, Salvadora oleoides, Azadirachta indica, Polyalthia longifolia and Zizyphus numularia. Ground vegetation cover is of Tridax procumbens, Achyranthes aspera, Argemone mexicana, Datura metel, Indigofera tinctoria, Tribulus terrestris, Agave Americana, Aloe barbadensis, Commelina benghalensis, Mimosa pudica, Celosia argentea, Suaeda maritime, Suaeda fruticosa, Cyperus rotundusa etc. Undergrowth of shrubs is present but enough light gets in to permit more or less grass growth. Major grasses include several species of Aristida funiculate, Bambusa bamboos, Cyanodon dactylon and Cyperus difformis etc. Climbers found in the study area are Bougainvillea spectabilis, Ipomoea biloba, Tinospora cordifolia and Cocculus hirsutus etc (Table 4-22).

Table 4-22 List of Herbs, Grasses, Shrubs and Climbers in the study area Sl. No Scientific Name Common Name Family HERBS 1 Indigofera oblongifolia Jhil, Jhiladi Papilionaceae 2 Tridax procumbens Tal-muriya Asteraceae 3 Achyranthes aspera Aghedo Amaranthaceae 4 Argemone mexicana Darudi Papveraceae 5 Datura metel Dhaturo Solanaceae 6 Indigofera tinctoria Gali Nilambi Fabaceae 7 Tribulus terrestris Gokharu Zygophyllaceae 8 Agave americana Ketki Agavaceae 9 Aloe barbadensis Kunwar Liliaceae 10 Commelina benghalensis Kankava Commelinaceae 11 Mimosa pudica Lajalu Mimosaceae 12 Celosia argentea Lamdi Amarantaceae 13 Suaeda maritima Luno, Moras Chenopodiaceae 14 Suaeda fruticosa Moras Chenopodiaceae 15 Cyperus rotundus Motha Cyperaceae 16 Pedalium murex Gokharu Pedaliaceae 17 Solanum xanthocarpum Oonth kateli Solanaceae 18 Cleome viscosa Pili Talvani Cleomaceae

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Sl. No Scientific Name Common Name Family 19 Cressa cretica Rudravanti Convolvulaceae 20 Pulicaria wightiana Sonela Asteraceae 21 Tephrosia purpurea Surphankha Fabaceae 22 Cassia tora Tarota Caesalpiniaceae 23 Marytina annua Ulta kanta Martyniaceae 24 Echinops echinatus Utkanto Asteraceae 25 Boerhavia diffusa --- Nyctaginaceae 26 Fagonia indica --- Zygophyllaceae 27 Heliotropium supinum ---- Boraginaceae SHRUBS 1 Calotropis procera Aakdo Asclepiadaceae 2 Calotropis gigantea Aakdo moto Asclepiadaceae 3 Abutilon indicum Khaper Malvaceae 4 Capparis deciduas Kerdo Capparaceae 5 Cassia auriculata Awal Caesaslpineaceae 6 Euphorbia caducifolia Kantalo thor Euphorbiaceae 7 Lantana camara Danidharia Verbanaceae 8 Lawsonia inermis Mehndi Lecythidaceae 9 Nerium indicum Kaner Apocyanaceae 10 Oscimum sanctum Tulsi Lamiaceae 11 Ricinus communis ---- Euphorbiaceae 12 Thevatia peruviana Kaner Apocyanaceae GRASSES 1 Apluda mutica Pongta Poaceae 2 Aristida funiculata --- Poaceae 3 Bambusa bamboos Katis (Vans) Poaceae 4 Cyanodon dactylon Dhoob Ghas Poaceae 5 Cyperus difformis --- Cyperaceae 6 Eragrostris tenella Burbhunsi Poaceae CLIMBER 1 Bougainvillea spectabilis Boganvel Nyctaginaceae 2 Ipomoea biloba Rawal patri Convolvulaceae 3 Tinospora cordifolia Galoy Menispermaceae 4 Cocculus hirsutus Vasan Menispermaceae

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4.3.11.1.5 Project Site Zone I / Core zone

Core area: The proposed project site falls in the coastal area of Saurashtra region in the semi-arid climatic condition. Project site is in the port located on the western coast; hence mostly the project site is surrounded by Arabian Sea. The proposed project site was a dry land and devoid of dense vegetation. However, woody flora like Tamarindas indicas, Azadirachta indica, Ficus benghalensis, Prosopis juliflora, Zizyphus nummularia and Leacana leucocephala were observed with low diversity.

Within the core area, 5 Locations were selected to quantify the data of flora. Floral density at core zone of project site was observed to be very low due to absence of greenbelt development. However, 11 species were recorded inside the port area. Tamarindas indica, Azadirachta indica, Eucalyptus leptophylla, Ficus bengalensis, Prosopis juliflora, Leucana leucophila and Salvadora sp. were observed. Shrubs such as Calotropis procera and Zizyphus sp., were present near the project site. The proposed site for expansion has sandy shore.

4.3.11.1.6 Zone II (5 km Radius)

The vegetation consists of plantation dominated by the exotic species such as Prosopis juliflora, Casuarina equisetifolia, and native species like Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa and Leaucana leucophila. The other species which are seen in the Zone II were Mango (Mangifera indica), Drum stick or Sargavo (Moringa oleifera), Bordi (Zizyphus mauritiana), Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and Guava or Jamfal (Psidium guajava). Shrub species that were seen are Zizyphus nummularia, Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera.

4.3.11.1.7 Zone III (5 – 10 km Radius)

The vegetation consists of plantation dominated by the exotic species such as Prosopis juliflora, Peltophorum pterocarpam, Azadirachta indica, Ficus religiosa, and Delonix regia. The other species which were seen in the Zone 3 are Mango (Mangifera indica), Drum stick or Sargavo (Moringa oleifera), Jamfal (Psidium guajava). Shrub species are Zizyphus nummularia, Calotropis gigantea and Calotropis procera.

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Figure 4-39 Village and road side trees in the buffer zone

4.3.11.1.8 Beyt Dwarka

Beyt Dwarka or Shankhodhar is an inhabited island off the coast of Okha, Gujarat, India. The place is considered part of the ancient city of Dwaraka in Hindu mythology and is famous for its temples. Of late, the beaches in the area have been promoted for eco tourism. Ferry boats from Okha are the only way to reach the island of Beyt Dwarka.

Calotrophis procera Calotrphis gigantea

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Datura metel Pedalium murex

Solanum xanthocarpum Zizyphus nummularia

Suaeda maritima Salvadora persica Figure 4-40 Flora Diversity in Observed in Study Area

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4.3.11.1.8.1 Diversity Indices

Following indices were used for estimation of ecological status of this area

1. Shannon’s index

2. Margalef’s index

3. Simpson’s index :The indices were applied to woody flora

4.3.11.1.8.2 Shannon’s Index Typically the value of the index ranges from 1.5 (low species richness and evenness) to 3.5 (high species evenness and richness), though values beyond these limits may be encountered. Because the Shannon Index gives a measure of both species numbers and the evenness of their abundance, the resulting figure does not give an absolute description of a site’s biodiversity. It is particularly useful when comparing similar ecosystems or habitats, as it can highlight one example being richer or more even than another. There is always the need to inspect the data or use another index to unpack the true reasons for the difference.

Where: where S is the total number of species and pi is the frequency of the ith species. The value Shannon’s index of study area is 3.369 for zone II and 3.009 for zone III (Table 4-23). Table 4-23 Floral Biodiversity Indices Buffer Diversity Index Zone II Zone III Shannon_H 3.369 3.009 Simpson_1-D 0.963 0.943 Margalef 4.165 3.157 Evenness_e^H/S 0.937 0.881

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4.3.11.1.9 Agriculture

Devbhoomi Dwarka is primarily an agricultural district with Ground Nut as the predominant crop. The other major crops cultivated are Cotton, Cumin, Gram, Coriander, Wheat, Til, Garlic and Onion etc. Cotton, Jowar, Bajra and Groundnut are the main crops grown here. Being semi-arid and high wind speed zone, this region support low plant growth and therefore, not many large trees with sizable canopies are present in the buffer zone. However, at every village local people have managed to grow some trees for shade and aesthetic values.

Figure 4-41 Agriculture lands in the Buffer Zone

Table 4-24 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the Zone II

S. No. Species Name Family Freq Abun Dens 1 Albizzia lebback Mimosaceae 37.50 1.333 33.3 2 Alstonia scholaris Apocyanaceae 25.00 2.000 50.0 3 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 25.00 2.500 62.5 4 Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae 37.50 1.667 41.7 5 Cocus nucifera Arecaceae 87.50 1.571 39.3 6 Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae 37.50 1.333 33.3 7 Delanix regia Caesalpinaceae 75.00 1.167 29.2 8 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 25.00 1.500 37.5 9 Ficus hispida Moraceae 37.50 2.000 50.0

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S. No. Species Name Family Freq Abun Dens 10 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 37.50 1.333 33.3 11 Gmelina arborea Lamiaceae 50.00 3.000 75.0 12 Leucana leucophila Fabaceae 37.50 1.000 25.0 13 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 37.50 1.333 33.3 14 Manilkara sapota Sapotaceae 37.50 1.667 41.7 15 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae 25.00 1.500 37.5 16 Murraya koenigii Rutaceae 37.50 1.333 33.3 Peltophorum Fabaceae 17 pterocarpum 37.50 1.333 33.3 18 Phoenix sylvestre Arecaceae 37.50 2.000 50.0 19 Phyllanthus emblica Phyllanthaceae 50.00 1.250 31.3 20 Pithocelopium dulce Fabaceae 75.00 1.333 33.3 21 Plumeria alba Apocyanaceae 25.00 2.000 50.0 22 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae 62.50 1.000 25.0 23 Prosopis julifera Mimosoideae 50.00 4.500 112.5 24 Psidium guajava Myrtales 12.50 2.000 50.0 25 Pterocarpus marsupium Fabaceae 37.50 1.333 33.3 26 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae 25.00 1.500 37.5 27 Tamarindus indica Fabaceae 25.00 2.000 50.0 28 Terminalia catappa Combretaceae 12.50 2.000 50.0 29 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae 62.50 1.200 30.0 30 Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae 50.00 1.750 43.8 31 Ziziphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 37.50 2.667 66.7 Freq: Frequency; Abun: Abundance; Dens: Density

Table 4-25 Density, abundance and frequency of occurrence of flora in the Zone III S. No. Species Name Family Freq Abun Dens 1 Albizzia lebback Mimosaceae 25.00 2.000 50.0 2 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 12.50 1.000 25.0 3 Cocus nucifera Arecaceae 12.50 1.000 25.0 4 Delanix regia Caesalpinaceae 37.50 1.667 41.7 5 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 25.00 1.500 37.5 6 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 25.00 1.000 25.0 7 Leucana leucophila Fabaceae 37.50 1.333 33.3 8 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 12.50 1.000 25.0

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S. No. Species Name Family Freq Abun Dens 9 Manilkara sapota Sapotaceae 12.50 1.000 25.0 10 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae 12.50 1.000 25.0 Peltophorum Fabaceae 11 pterocarpum 50.00 3.000 75.0 12 Phoenix sylvestre Arecaceae 25.00 2.000 50.0 13 Phyllanthus emblica Phyllanthaceae 37.50 1.333 33.3 14 Pithocelopium dulce Fabaceae 37.50 1.667 41.7 15 Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae 12.50 3.000 75.0 16 Prosopis julifera Mimosoideae 100.00 5.375 134.4 17 Psidium guajava Myrtales 25.00 1.500 37.5 18 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae 12.50 2.000 50.0 19 Tamarindus indica Fabaceae 12.50 1.000 25.0 20 Terminalia catappa Combretaceae 25.00 2.000 50.0 21 Thespesia populnea Malvaceae 25.00 1.500 37.5 22 Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae 37.50 2.333 58.3 23 Ziziphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 50.00 3.500 87.5 Freq: Frequency; Abun: Abundance; Dens: Density

4.3.11.1.10 Study of Fauna

Main observations were focused on the fauna of higher trophic levels (reptiles, birds and mammals) which acts as indicator of the type and health of the eco-systems.

4.3.11.1.10.1 Reptiles

Majority of the reptile species are fossorial in habit, therefore the assessment of reptiles and their diversity etc. holds special significance for any development project. It is difficult to conduct quantitative study on reptiles therefore study was relied on qualitative observations only. Study was carried out based on interview survey, secondary literature as well as direct observations and on road killed reptiles. Only a check list of reptiles observed during the study period is prepared (Table 4-26). During marine sampling, Olive Ridley Sea turtle was sighted.

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Table 4-26 Checklist of Reptiles species reported during the study

Sl. Conservation status Species No as per Common Name Scientific name IWPA 1972 IUCN Lizards 1 Common skink Mubuya carinata Schedule IV LC 2 Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Schedule IV LC 3 Indian Monitor Lizard Varanas bengalensis Schedule II LC Turtles 4 Olive Readily Sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Schedule-I VU 5 Green Sea turtle Chelonia mydas Schedule-I EN Snakes 6 John Sand Boa Eryx johni Schedule-IV LC 7 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus Schedule-II NT 8 Indian Cobra Naja naja Schedule-II NT 9 Saw scaled Viper Echis carinatus Schedule-IV NT LC- Least Concern; VU- Vulnerable, EN- Endangered, NT-Near Threatened

In the present study a total of 9 species of reptiles were listed within the core and in the buffer area (Table 4-26). Of the reported reptile species Olive Ridley Sea turtle, and Green Sea turtle are also listed as Schedule-I in WPA 1972 and least concerned by IUCN. However, Monitor Lizard is the only one species that belong to Schedule-II whereas, rest of the species belong to Schedule-IV. Majority of the reptile species reported in the core and buffer area fall in ‘Least Concern’ category of IUCN. No endangered, rare, threatened or endemic species of reptiles was reported from the project core area.

4.3.11.1.10.2 Avi-Fauna

Avian population, serve as one of the best indicators for evaluating the status of the area since they occupy higher trophic levels in the ecosystems and respond quickly to the changes in the habitats. Therefore, appropriate, systematic and scientific methods were applied to collect the baseline data relied on transects method for their occurrence in the study area. An average length of 1 km was used for each transects walked in the early Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 135

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morning and evening hours for recording the birds present in the project zone and buffer zone. 2 transects were crossed in project zone and 8 transects were walked in buffer zone for birds identification.

There were a total of 72 bird species observed in the study area (Table 4-27). Total 56 species of birds from buffer area and only 16 species from core area were recorded. Majority of the birds reported from the core and buffer zone belong to the Schedule- IV of Wildlife Protection Act 1972 (WPA 1972), and only the Indian Peafowl belongs to Schedule-I of WPA 1972, whereas House crow belong to Schedule-V. The birds were recorded mainly from non-forested, degraded areas, abandoned salt pans and in the surrounding agriculture landscape interspersed with scattered small water bodies and ponds. The bird species groups observed in the study area were represented by species of open scrubland such as Passerines, Shrikes, Francolin, and Quails etc. and water bodies’ birds such as Egrets, Herons and members of rallidae family (moorhens) etc. Majority of the resident species reported in the study area are known to breed in this region as well as in entire Gujarat. No rare, endangered, endemic bird species were found to breed in the core project area.

Table 4-27 Aquatic and Terrestrial bird species in Core and Buffer Zones of Study Area Migratory S. No Common name Scientific Name IUCN Status 1 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis LC R 2 Ashy-crowned Finch- Eremopterix griseus LC R 3 Asianlark Koel Eudynamys scolopacea LC R 4 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus LC R 5 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus LC R 6 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus LC R 7 Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus LC R 8 Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa LC R 9 Black Kite Milvus migrans LC R 10 Black shoulder kite Elanus caeruleus LC R 11 Black winged stilt Himantopus himantopus LC R 12 Black-Crowned Night- Nycticorax nycticorax 13 BrahminyHeron Starling Sturnus pagodarum LC R Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 136

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Migratory S. No Common name Scientific Name IUCN Status 14 Cattle egret Bulbulcus ibis LC R 15 Comman Crane Grus grus 16 Common Coot Fulica atra LC R 17 Common Crested Lark Galerida cristata LC R 18 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis LC R 19 Common myna Acridotheres tristis LC R 20 Common Redshank Tringa totanus 21 Common Stonechat Saxicola torquata LC RM 22 Common Teal Anas crecca LC M 23 Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis 24 Demoiselle Crane Gurs virgo 25 Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata 26 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 27 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo LC RM 28 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus LC M 29 Great Egret Casmerodius albus LC RM 30 Greater couckal Centropus sinensis LC R 31 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber 32 Green bee eater Merops orientalis LC R 33 Grey francolin Francolinus pondicerianus LC R 34 Grey heron Ardea cinerea LC RM 35 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea LC M 36 House crow Corvus splendens LC R 37 House sparrow Passer domesticus LC R 38 Indian Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus LC R 39 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus LC R 40 Indian pond heron Ardeola grayii LC R 41 Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata LC R 42 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis LC R 43 Indian Shag Phalacrocorax fuscicollis 44 Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia LC RM 45 Jungle babbler Turdoides striatus LC R 46 Lesser Black-Backed Laurs fuscus 47 LittleGull cormorant Phalacrocorax niger LC RM 48 Little egret Egretta garzetta LC R 49 Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis LC R

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Migratory S. No Common name Scientific Name IUCN Status 50 Little Heron Butorides striatus LC R 51 Little or House Swift Apus affinis LC RM 52 Median Egret Mesophoyx intermedia 53 Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata 54 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster LC RM 55 Oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis LC R 56 Oriental Turtle -Dove Streptopelia orientalis 57 Oriental White Ibis Threskiornis 58 Painted Stork Mycteriamelanocephalus leucocephala 59 Purple sunbird Nectarinia asiatica LC R 60 Red Collared-dove Streptopelia LC R 61 Red vented bulbul Pycnonotustranquebarica cafer LC R 62 Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus LC R 63 Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri LC R 64 Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 65 Shikra Accipiter badius LC R 66 Short-Eared Owl Asio flammeus 67 Small Bee-eater Merops orientalis 68 Spot-Billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha 69 White throated Halcyon smyrnensis LC R 70 Wirekingfisher-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii LC R 71 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola LC M 72 Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus malarbaricus LC R

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Bank Myna Black Ibis

Black-Crowned Night-Heron Black-Winged Stilt

Common Crane Common crested lark

Common Redshank Common Woodshrike

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Demoiselle Crane Eurasian curlew

Glossy Ibis Greater Flamingo

Grey heron Indian Peafowl (Schedule I)

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Indian Shag Lesser Black-Backed Gull

Median Egret Northern Shoveller

Oriental Turtle -Dove Oriental White Ibis

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Painted Stork Red-Wattled Lapwing

Rosy Starling Ruddy Turnstone

Short-Eared Owl Small Bee-eater

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Spot-Billed Duck Wire-Tailed Swallow

Wood Sand Piper Yellow-Wattleed Lapwing Figure 4-42 Selected avifauna Observed within Study Area

4.3.11.1.10.3 Mammals

Like birds, mammals also occupy higher trophic levels in many ecosystems and respond quickly to the changes in their habitats therefore, serves as best indicators of the ecosystem health. The present Study was focused to create baseline information on distribution and abundance of mammals. This survey has helped us in identifying various species, their behaviour and characteristics. For faunal inventory, both direct sightings and indirect evidences (like dung, scats, pellets, foot prints, nests, dens etc.) were accounted.

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Table 4-28 Checklist of Mammal species reported during the study

Conservation status Sl. No Species as per Common Name Scientific name IWPA 1972 IUCN 1 Indian Palm Squirrel Funambulus pennantii Schedule IV LC 2 Indian Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Schedule II LC 3 Common House Rat Rattus rattus Schedule V LC 4 Hare Lepus nigricollis Schedule IV LC

5 Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus Schedule-II LC

There were of 05 mammal species in the buffer area of the project site (Table 4-28). The common mammalian species that were directly observed in the core area include Grey Mongoose and Five Striped Squirrel, Hare and Nilgai. No endangered or Schedule-I species reported from the project site.

Juvenile Nilgai Figure 4-43 Juvenile Nilgai Observed within the Study Area

4.3.11.1.11 Ecologically Sensitive Zone

1) RF at Northern boundary of Bet Shankhodhar – 3.26km @E 2) RF at Southern boundary of Bet Shankhodhar – 3.48km @SSE

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3) KYU Reserve Forest – 6.8km @SSE 4) Positra RF – 9.44km @SE 5) RF at South of Positra village – 13.5km @SE 6) Arambada ESA/MNP – 2.36km @SW 7) Adatra ESA/MNP – 3.12km @SW 8) Padli ESA/MNP – 7.29km @SSW 9) Hamusar ESA/MNP – 7.65km @SSW 10) Samlasar ESA/MNP – 8.62km @S 11) Positra ESA/MNP – 9,34km @SSE 12) Mangroves in, Arambada ESA/MNP - 3.69km @ SW 13) Padli ESA/MNP – 6.42km @SSW 14) Hamusar coastline – 7.24km @SSW 15) West of Kyu Island – 7.44km @SSE 16) Positra ESA/MNP (East of Kyu Island) – 7.92km @SE 17) NE of Positra coastline 13.32km@ SE

4.3.11.1.11.1 Reserve Forest in Beyt Dwarka

Beyt (Island) Dwaraka situated in the Zone II and III boundary between Core zone and 10 km radius has two Reserve Forests in the landscape viz. (i) RF at Northern boundary of Bet Shankhodhar – 3.26km @E and (ii) RF at Southern boundary of Bet Shankhodhar – 3.48km @SSE. This Reserve Forest is tropical dry mixed deciduous shrub and desert thorn type forest. These trees are stunted in growth with tree species Prosopis julifllora is predominantly distributed in this forest and followed by xerophytes, Euphorbia caducifolia, occasional presence of Azadirachta indica and shrubs like Euphorbia tirucalli, Salvadora persica and Cassia auriculata etc.

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RF at Northern boundary of Bet RF at Southern boundary of Bet Shankhodhar – 3.26km @E Shankhodhar – 3.48km @SSE

RF at Dwarka RF at Dwarka Figure 4-44 Reserve Forest within Study Area

4.3.11.1.11.2 Marine National Park in the study area

Marine national park (MNP) situated in the Zone II and Zone III of the study area as follows: 1) Arambada ESA/MNP – 2.36km @SW, 2) Adatra ESA/MNP – 3.12km @SW, 3) Padli ESA/MNP – 7.29km @SSW, 4) Hamusar ESA/MNP – 7.65km @SSW,

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5) Samlasar ESA/MNP – 8.62km @S, 6) Positra ESA/MNP – 9,34km @SSE, 7) Mangroves in, Arambada ESA/MNP - 3.69km @ SW, 8) Padli ESA/MNP – 6.42km @SSW and 9) Positra ESA/MNP (East of Kyu Island) – 7.92km @SE

Mangroves at Marine MNP Mangroves at MNP

Mangroves Mangroves

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4.3.12 Socioeconomic Environment

4.3.12.1 Study Area The GMB Okha port is the existing port located at the Okha Port Town, Devbhoomi Dwarka district (then Jamnagar District) of Gujarat state in India. The proposed project is developed within the existing port facility and do not displace any human settlement and thereby does not attract Rehabilitation and Resettlement process under “Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”. Hence Rehabilitation and Resettlement aspects are not applicable and not covered in this report. However to map the socioeconomic conditions of the local people, the villages falling within the 10km radius of the project site is considered for the Social Impact Assessment study. Based on Administrative Atlas published by Directorate of Census Operations, there are only about 5 Administrative divisions which include 3 revenue villages, one Municipality (Okha) and one Census Town (Mithapur). Among the study area, the villages/Towns falling within 5 km from the project site is considered for primary survey namely Okha Municipality including fishermen communities, Byet Dwarka and Adatra. Table 4-29- shows the administrative structure of the study area.

Table 4-29 Administrative Status of Study Area Villages/Towns Administrative S.No State District Taluk Name Status Village Padli Devbhoomi Village Hamusar 1 Gujarat Dwarka Okhamandal Village Shamlasar (Jamnagar1) Municipality Okha Town Mithapur Source: Census 2011

1 Devbhumi Dwarka District was created on August 15, 2013 from Jamnagar district. For this study the socioeconomic indicators of Jamanagar District is considered. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 148

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Figure 4-45 Administrative Map of the Study Area Note: Okhamandal, Kalyanpur, Khambhalia, Bhanvad Taluks of Jamnagar is bifurcated and formed as Devbhoomi Dwarka District on August 15, 2013. However for the study purpose the Jamnagar District Data is considered.

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Figure 4-46 Image showing the Study Area villages Source: Google Earth Image Date: 26-02-2018. 4.3.12.2 Socioeconomic Indicators considered For the purpose of this study, socioeconomic indicators such as demography, literacy, health, livelihood, amenities and cultural aspects were collected. Secondary Published data such as population and amenities were obtained from Directorate of Census Operations. Health indicators such as immunization levels, institutional births from District Level Household Survey-3, Households availing safe sanitation details are collected from Baseline Survey-2012, published by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Income level of the

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households from ‘Socioeconomic and Caste Census 2011’ published by Ministry of Rural Development.

4.3.12.3 Primary Survey

Primary Survey was undertaken from 7th to 10th February 2018. During this survey, primary data in relation to geographical features, settlements, roads and amenities in the respective study area villages were collected. In addition to the site observations, primary survey was focused on colleting both qualitative and quantitative data with an objective of collecting the socioeconomic indicators of the study area. The primary survey was carried out with the village/town representatives from the villages falling within 5km of the project site. The discussion was mainly focused on mapping the existing amenities in the respective villages, felt basic needs, problems if any due to the existing port operation, etc. The study team met fishermen association members, administrative representatives such as Okha Municipality office personnel, fishermen, transport agents, etc. The discussion was carried out with the village representatives who had good knowledge about the area they live and happenings.

Figure 4-47 Primary Survey

Primary Survey – Dalda Bandar Primary Survey – Byet Dwarka

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4.3.12.4 Summary Socioeconomic Indicators Table 4-30 Summary Socioeconomic Indicators

S.No Particulars Study Area State Okhamandal, Devbhoomi 1 Study Area – Districts / State Gujarat Dwarka (Jamnagar) 3 Revenue village, 33 districts Number of Administrative Divisions in 2 1 Municipality, 1 and 250 the Study Area Census Town Talukas 3 Total Households 15,391 12248428 4 Total Population 75,897 60439692 5 Sex Ratio 938 919 6 Children Population (<6 Years Old) 9,856 7777262 7 Children Sex Ratio 922 890 8 Urban Rural Ratio 96:4 45:55 9 SC Population 14.4 6.74% 10 ST Population 0.4 14.75% 11 Total Working Population 29.8% 40.9% 12 Main Workers 90.39% 82.22% 13 Marginal Workers 9.61% 17.77% 14 Agricultural Workers 2.96% 49.60% 15 Household Industries 1% 1.38% 16 Other Workers 96.03% 49% Percentage of households Monthly 17 income of highest earning household 61.77% 68.67% member less than 5000 18 Institutional Birth Rate 69.3% 56.4% 19 Childhood Immunization 56.4% 54.8% 100% Covered but 20 Drinking Water Facilities frequency of 86.7% supply is very low 21 Sanitation Facilities 0% 53% 22 Literates 69.9% 78.03%

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4.3.12.5 Socioeconomic Profile of Study Area

4.3.12.5.1 Demography and Culture The existing port is located at the Okha Town, Okhamandal, Devbhoomi Dwarka District, Gujarat. Okha is the historical town located stratergic position with natural advantages of port operations. Okha port is one of the oldest ports in India. The Okha town is a historical town longing back to the period of Krishna. It was believed to be the marriage place of Anirudha, one of the grandsons of Lord Krishna. Okha port is one of the flourishing ports and also acts as a gateway of trade and business in the ancient times. The study area is mostly dominated by the people doing fishing activities followed by trade and business. Predominant religion in the region is Hinduism followed by Islam. The Cumulative population in the study area is 75,897 with 39,166 males and 36,731 females, which is about 3.51% of the District’s population. The children population below 6 years old was found to be 9,856 which were at 12.98% of the total population. The population density of the study area was about 793 per square kilometre which is exponentially high when compared to the district’s Population density of 152 per square kilometer. The Sex Ratio was found at 938 females per thousand males, with that of District’s ratio of 939. The Vulnerable populations such as Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes population were 14.4% and 0.4% respectively. Table 4-31 Typical View of Settlements in Study Area

Sakthi Nagar, Okha Municipality

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Dalda Bunder Maruthi Nagar

4.3.12.5.2 Livelihood and Economic Activity Okha is known for the oldest port and numerous tourist attractions in the region. Okha port presently importing Coke, Coal, Wheat, Sulphur, Fertilizers, Lime Stone, etc and exports calcium bauxite, onion, clinker, raw bauxite, chemical, soda ash, etc. The strategical location of Okha port plays an important role in the economic development in the region as the port is closer to the coal based power plants in the Gujarat and closer to the bauxite mining area2. Okha port and associated industries plays an important role in the livelihood of the people in the region. With respect to the study area, the major portion of the population dependent on fishing as their main source of economic activity followed by labour works, tourism, transportation, trade and business. According to Census 2011, the major commodities produced in the study area are Raw Bauxite, Soda Ash, Salt, Cement, etc and agriculture products produced are Pearl millet, Sorghum, Groundnut, Vegetables, etc. According to Fisherfolk census 2010, there are two fishing villages in the study area i.e. Okha and Arambhada with the total fishermen population 1492. Based on the primary survey about 70% of the workers employed in the fish catch are migrant workers. The migrant workers are mostly from the neighbouring districts of the Gujarat State and from

2 http://vibrantgujarat.com/writereaddata/images/pdf/project-profiles/Mechanization-of-Okha-Port- Final.pdf Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 154

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states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, etc. Within the study area agriculture is not carried out majorly as most of the study area villages are either coastal village / urban settlement. Based on the data collected from Socio-Economic Caste Census-2011, published by Ministry of Rural Development, it was reported that in Okhamandal, 61.77% of the households monthly income with highest earning household member was less than ₹5000 and 21.14% of households with income range of ₹5000 to ₹10000. According to Census 2011, the percentage of working population in the study area was 29.8% and as against the state’s level percentage was 40.97%. 90.39% of the working populations are main workers employed for more than 6 months in the year. Only about 2.96% of the total working population in the study area was engaged in agricultural activity. The percentage of Household and Other workers group were 1% and 96.03% respectively. Figure: 4-48 Workers Group Dstribution

Source: PCA – Jamnagar District, Census 2011.

4.3.12.5.3 Health Status and Infrastructure

Based on the “Brief Industrial Profile of Jamnagar District 2012-13”, Jamnagar District is equipped with modern medical facilities in both government and private hospitals. The district has about 2 Allopathic Hospitals, 14 Ayurvedic hospital, 11 Community Health

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centres, 40 Primary health centres and 265 primary health sub centres, 120 private hospitals, etc. With respect to the study area, the Okhamandal has 1 primary health centres and 11 sub centres. The people in the core zone villages visit the government hospital, Private clinics located at Okha and for major ailments people visit Dwarka GH. Based on the ‘District level Household survey – 3’ published by Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Institutional Birth Rate in the district was about 69.3% and the same is compared with the state rate of 56.4%. The childhood immunization was to be only 56.4% which is at par to the state rate of 54.8%. Infant mortality rate in Jamnagar District was 16.55 per 1000 live births (Ref-3). 100% of the Okhamandal habitations are covered under the National Rural Drinking water program (Ref-4). Few Health centre facilities in Okha are shown in Figure 4-49.

Primary Health Centre, Okha Private Clinic, Okha

3 http://nhsrcindia.org/sites/default/files/hmis/Gujarat_Jamnagar-Apr11-Mar12.docx 4 http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISReports/ Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 156

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Figure 4-49 Health Facilities in Jamnagar District

Figure 4-50 Health Facilities in Jamnagar District

4.3.12.5.4 Drinking Water and Sanitation Facilities The main source of Drinking water facility in the study area is through piped water supplied by local government and through tankers. The frequency of the fresh water supplied in some of the villages in the core zone ranges from 10 days to 25 days in a month. Based on the feedback from the primary survey the ground water is not suitable for

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drinking and domestic purpose. The safe drinking water facility is being the primary need of the villagers in the study area. Though the primary survey shows there is an immense need of drinking water facility, Government secondary data shows that 94.4% (DLHS-3) of the people in Jamnagar district are accessed to safe drinking water facility and 100% in Okhamandal (Ref-5.). Based on the reports obtained from Baseline survey 2012, 0% of the households in the Okhamandal were accessed to safe sanitation facilities.

Drinking water Sourced – Byet Dwarka DW supplied through Tractors

4.3.12.5.5 Education Indicators In the study area about 69.9% of the total populations are literates, where national literacy rate is of 64.8% and state’s literacy rate of 78.03%. In district 71.6% of the children aged 7 plus are literates6. The male literacy rate (80.4%) is more when compared with the female literacy rate (58.8%). Within the study area there are about 34 schools where 20 schools are only up to primary classes, 5 high schools, and 9 Higher Secondary schools. Figure 4-51 shows the locations of schools within the study area.

5 http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISReports/ 6 District Level Household Survey (DLHS -3) Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 158

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Figure 4-51 Schools in the Study Area Source: School GIS, School Location Mapping – Department of School Education & Literacy. 4.3.12.5.6 Archaeological Important Places and Tourism Gujarat is famous for the number of tourist attractions. Entire state was marked with ancient Buddhist, Jain, Hindu and Muslim monuments. In addition to the Monuments and Historical places in the region, the state is also rich in nature and wild life. Wild Ass, distinctive species found only in the Rann of Kutch and Gir Forest is the only abode of Asiatic lions. The Gujarat is also famous for the Handicrafts products. Historical, Religious,

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Nature, etc combined together adds feather to the Gujarat Tourism Industry. 2-3% of the Net State Domestic Product earned through Tourism Industry. It is estimated that about 47.5 jobs are generated in the state for every 10 lakhs rupees of investment in Tourism Industry. Dhwarkadhish Temple, Shri Keshavraiji Temple, Nageshwar Jyothirlinga Temple are the major religious attractions in the region. Shri Keshavraiji Temple is located within the study area at Byet Dwarka and Dhwarkadish temple located at Dwarka city at the distance of 27 km from the project site. In addition to the above specified tourist attractions, there are number of Archaeological important sites located in the Jamnagar district which are listed in the below table. The nearest Archeological site is Kalika Mata temple at the distance of 12.06 km and Beyt Dwarka is one of the marine archaeological sites notified by Marine Archaeology in India. Exploration in the Beyt Dwarka confirms that Bet Dwarka was occupied for human settlement from the Protohistoric period (4000 years BP) till today. The findings include a seal, graffiti on three potsherds, pottery and shell bangles belonging to the late Harappan period, Kushana coins and pottery of the historical and medieval period, iron guns and Mughal coins7. Table 4-32 Alphabetical List of Monuments in Jamnagar District Distance from S.No Name of Monument / Sites Location Project Site 1 Durvasa Rishi's Ashram & its site Pindara 27.8 Km 2 Kalika Mata temple Navi Dhrewad 12.06 Km 3 Gokeshwara Mahadev temple Lowrali 31.24 Km 4 Gandhi fortress & temple Old Dhink 28.58 Km 5 Temple of Rama Laxman Baradia 29.61 Km Dwarkadhish Group of temples with its 6 Dwarka 27.52 Km outer compounds 7 Kshatrapa Inscriptions Dwarka 27.35 Km 8 Rukmini Temple Dwarka 25.7 Km

7 Sila Tripati et al. Man and Environment XXIX(l): 28-41 [2004], Marine Archaeology in India, Marine Archaeology Centre, National Institute of Oceanography Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 160

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Distance from S.No Name of Monument / Sites Location Project Site 9 Dharashnvel Temple (Magderu) Dharshnval 19.56 Km 10 Guhaditya temple Varvada 22.4 Km 11 Junagadhi (Jain) Temple Vasai 18.4 Km Kankeshvara Mahadeva temple & other 12 Vasai 18.4 Km shrines 13 Gop (Sun) Temple Nani Gop 100.1 Km Source: Alphabetical List of Monuments, Vadodara Circle, Gujarat, Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India

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5 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 Introduction

As per the ISO 14001 Standard, an environmental aspect is the way any organization activity, service or product impacts on the environment. Identification and evaluation of environmental aspect is the primary requirement for proposed activities which are under active consideration. In order to identify environmental aspects of the current expansion project, it is required to understand about the proposed activities which affect the environment either directly or indirectly. Environmental Aspect can be further divided into direct and indirect. Direct Environmental Aspects are associated with activities, products and services of the organization itself, over which it has direct management control. Indirect Environmental Aspects often focus on contractors/sub-contractors who manages activities on organization behalf within or outside the site. Examples such as emission to air, releases to water and land use for raw material, waste and natural resources, impacts on biodiversity etc are considered as environmental aspects. Determination of Environmental Aspects which have significant impacts on environments is a pre-requisite to evaluate environmental impact.

Environmental Impact is any change to environment whether adverse or beneficial wholly or partially resulting from organization environmental aspects. To evaluate environmental impacts accurately, difference between environmental aspects and environmental impact must be understood in an appropriate context.

The proposed port expansion includes  Enhance Cargo Handling Capacity from 6.0 to 10.0 MTPA  Dismantling of existing wall of 26m long and 3m height,  Admin and Other Control Facilities for ICG Jetty and Other Allied Facilities

The above activities will be carried out in Terrestrial Environment, and table below indicates the activities that are proposed in the respective environment.

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Table 5-1 Activities proposed in Marine and Terrestrial Environment

Activities proposed in Activities proposed in Marine Environment Terrestrial Environment Construction of New India Coast Guard Jetty Enhance Cargo Handling Capacity Admin and Other Control Facilities for ICG Extension of Existing Lighter Wharf Jetty and Other Allied Facilities Reclamation and Beautification of Reclaimed Dismantling of Existing wall Area

5.2 Terrestrial Impact Assessment

5.2.1 Air Environment – Construction Phase

As discussed above, construction of New Coast Guard Jetty, Extension of wharf and Beautification are the major civil constructions works envisaged. The impact assessment of the civil work has been carried out after understanding the construction methodology proposed by GMB for each activity. Depending upon the scale and magnitude of the civil works, the significance of the impact has been determined. The proposed activity includes various components like construction, transportation, operation, maintenance etc, will have an impact on the local air environment through their interaction or output. Consideration of all these aspects will help us to understand their effect and prepare mitigations measures to counteract the same. Each activity proposed in the project has been discussed in the following sections with respect to Air Environment.

 Impact Assessment Due to Construction of New Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Jetty

The proposed Indian Coast Guard (ICG) Jetty to be developed by GMB is to anchor Coast Guard Crafts, Ships and Boats. RCC type construction method is proposed for Indian Coast Guard Jetty and Approach Road. Major Civil Works involved for construction of Jetty and approach road are RCC Pile Foundation, RCC Girder for Beams, Cast In-situ Deck Slab and Boring Works. To execute the planned civil works, it is necessary to deploy adequate manpower, equipments, machinery at site. Depending upon the scale and magnitude of operation of these resources, the release of pollutants in to the environment may vary.

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Except construction of ICG jetty and Wharf no other civil works have such scale and magnitude of works envisaged. While taking into consideration of these activities, it is anticipated that there exist potential release of fugitive dust emission during construction period as well as gaseous emission due to Engine exhaust from diesel operated internal combustion engine and construction equipment. The natures of release of these emissions are intermittent in nature, short duration, and temporary. The release of fugitive dust emission will have a localised ambient air quality impact for short duration and reversible once the operation ceased to exist. In addition to the above mentioned sources, dust from construction site will also cause additional pollution to the local ambient air quality. Construction material handling, cement and sand are some of the sources for particulate matter.

 Impact Assessment Due to Extension of Existing Wharf

Existing Wharf of dimension 100m length is capable of accommodating one barge at a time to handle cargo and referred as “Lighterage”. It means the process of transferring cargo between vessels of different sizes usually between barge and bulker. It is undertaken to facilitate cargo movement from vessels which cannot be berthed in ports with low drafts. It is proposed to increase the length of the wharf to accommodate two barges simultaneously. The dimension of the wharf extension is 40x15.45m. Two options were considered for wharf extension namely RCC Jetty or Concrete Block Wharf. It was decided by GMB to have RCC Jetty of 40m length due to technical reasons. The transit cargo will be handled at wharf and proposed to stack in existing backup area behind existing wharf. There is about 5000 sq.m area available behind the wharf. The construction work involves RCC pile, RCC Girders construction, Cast–in-Situ Concrete for Deck Slab, wearing coat after foundations boring works. It is proposed to dismantle existing compound wall at the end of lighter wharf for accessibility.

As mentioned above, all these activities will release dust and gaseous emission which are short, temporary and localised in nature.

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 Reclamation of Land

It is proposed to reclaim the total land area of 43200m2 and will be used as back-up area for Indian Coast Guard Jetty and Passenger Jetty. The reclaimed land will be utilised for setting up Administrative Office, Passenger waiting hall, Amenities for Passengers, Vehicle Parking, Landscaping and Gardening. The Land will be reclaimed using capital dredged material. The estimated quantity of capital dredging is 3,41,250m3. Major civil work envisaged in the reclaimed land is construction of admin building, where as all the other works are considered to be minor civil works. The impact during construction activities due to release of fugitive dust emissions will be minimal and appropriate control measures will mitigate the dust within acceptable levels. Upon completion of the construction works, the condition will be restored to normal.

5.2.2 Air Environment – Operation Phase

 Impact Assessment Due to Operation of New India Coast Guard Jetty (ICJ)

No cargo handling is proposed in this Jetty; as it only serves the purpose of berthing Coast guard vessels. Hence, no major impact is envisaged during operation phase. Emission from vessels and vehicles (engine exhaust) are the only possible emission source. These sources are considered to be very minimal in terms of pollution, because vessel and vehicle traffic in this area is less compared to the other berths.

 Impact Assessment Due to Extended Lighter Wharf

This wharf is extended to handle increased cargo traffic at the port and reduce cargo handling time by accommodating 2 barges simultaneously, which means that the quantity of dry bulk cargo handled at this wharf will increase. This increased cargo quantity leads to increased dust emission and vessel and vehicle exhaust, all adding to air environment.

 Impact Assessment due to Enhancement of Cargo Handling at Wharf & Back-up Storage Area

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The proposed project development is to enhance the existing cargo capacity from 6MTPA to 10MTPA. The bulk dry cargo includes coal, bauxite and lime stone, which releases fugitive dust emissions during cargo handling at berth and storage area. The transfer of coal from berth to storage area is transferred through truck and also considered to be one of the main sources of fugitive and gaseous emissions. Taking in to account of coal handling, transfer and storage, fugitive dust emission modelling study has been carried out for Particulate Matter of 10 micron size (PM10) and 2 micron size (PM2.5) using ISCST3 model (MoEF&CC and USEPA approved) software for predicting the impacts.

5.2.2.1 Modelling Methodology MoEF&CC and US-EPA approved air quality model ISCST3 (Industrial Source Complex Short Term) was used for the predictions. ISCST3 (ref)8 is a steady state Gaussian Plume Model which is widely used to assess the pollutant concentration from a wide variety of sources associated with an industrial complex. It is used to evaluate the pollutants horizontal and vertical dispersion and dilution pattern from a variety of emission sources such as point, area, line and volume sources. The various input parameters for the model include the source location, source dimension, source emission rate, height of release and the meteorological data. The ISC Short Term model accepts hourly meteorological data records to define the conditions for plume rise, transport, diffusion, and deposition. The model estimates the concentration or deposition value for each source and receptor combination for each hour of input meteorology, and calculates user-selected short-term averages. Air quality modelling was undertaken for assessment and quantification of fugitive dust emissions from the proposed storage yard. Dispersion of dust particles predominantly depend on the surface wind velocity during cargo handling, transfer and storage.

8http://www.epa.gov/scram001/userg/regmod/isc3v1.pdf‎. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 166

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As per USEPA AP-42 Emission Factor for estimation of fugitive dust, coal dust per ha of the storage area shall be carried out using 0.9U Kg/ha/hr9 (PM10) and 0.14 U Kg/ha/hr (PM2.5). As per USEPA AP-42 Emission Factor for estimation of Bauxite dust per ha of the storage area shall be carried out using 0.6U Kg/ha/hr10 (PM10) and 0.09U Kg/ha/hr (PM2.5). As per USEPA AP-42 Emission Factor for estimation of limestone dust per ha of the storage area shall be carried out using 0.006U Kg/ha/hr11 (PM10) and 0.009U Kg/ha/hr (PM2.5); where U is the mean wind speed in m/s.

5.2.2.2 Fugitive Dust Emissions Fugitive dust emissions are envisaged from coal stack yards and are primarily in the form of Particulate Matter (PM10) & (PM2.5). Coal stockpiles which are exposed to varying weather conditions are considered to be one of the prominent sources of dust emission. However the fugitive emissions from the coal stack piles depends on the quantity of the coal and local weather conditions. The total dust emissions for the amount of coal handled per year is estimated based on the emission factor 0.013lb/T/year12. It is proposed that the dust emission at the storage yards will be effectively controlled with the help of water sprinkling and other control measures as per the industry standards and it is assumed that about 95% of the wind borne dust emission would be controlled at the source and the total emission per square meter of storage yard area is estimated accordingly. Table 5-2 details about the USEPA emission factor considered for Air quality Modelling. Table 5-2 Emission Factor Considered

S.No Cargo Type PM10 Emission Factor13 PM2.5 Emission Factor 1 Coal 0.9 * u 0.14 * u 2 Bauxite 0.6 * u 0.09 * u

9Emission Factor Development – Western Surface Coal Mining, US-EPA, AP 42 Chapter 11 10Emission Factor Development – Western Surface Coal Mining, US-EPA, AP 42 Chapter 11 11Emission Factor Development – Western Surface Coal Mining, US-EPA, AP 42 Chapter 11.24 12 Emission Factor Development – Western Surface Coal Mining, US-EPA, AP 42 - 11.24

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S.No Cargo Type PM10 Emission Factor13 PM2.5 Emission Factor 3 Lime stone 0.006 * u 0.009 * u It is proposed to prevent and control dust emission from storage yard by providing dust containment such as Windscreen all along the boundary of the coal stack yard and dust suppression system using water spray nozzles including water sprinklers and green cover at the port boundary. With the provision of dust containment, dust suppression and green cover, it is expected that 95 % of the wind borne dust will be effectively controlled at all times, accordingly, emission per hectare was quantified. The threshold capacity of Okha port is 6MTPA and it is proposed to expand to 10MTPA. Currently the port handles about 50% clean cargo and 50% dry bulk cargo, it is envisaged that the same trend of cargo mix will continue after expansion. Based on this assumption, Air quality modelling was undertaken for the proposed incremental cargo capacity of 4 MTPA out of 10 MTPA. As mentioned above 50% of dry bulk cargo of 4MTPA is 2MTPA has been considered for Fugitive dust modelling. The input data considered for modelling is presented in Table 5-3. Table 5-3 Ambient Air Quality Modelling Inputs Existing Proposed Parameter Units Increment Scenario Scenario MTPA 6 10 4 Bulk Cargo Handling capacity TPD 18182 30303 12121 Total Coal Storage area available sq. m. 228000 228000 - Maximum cargo Holding capacity at days 30 20 - port @ 2T/m2/day Actual cargo Holding at port @ days 15-20 - - 2T/m2/day Maximum allowable height of the m 5 5 - stock pile Actual average height of the stock m 3 to 4 3 to 4 - pile Controlled Particulate Matter emission from Cargo Handling Kg/day 1.073 1.788 0.715 (PM10) Controlled Particulate Matter emission from Cargo Handling Kg/day 0.164 0.273 0.109 (PM2.5) Mode of Evacuation Truck Truck Truck No. of trucks trips required (20T per Nos. per 822 1370 548 truck) day

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5.2.2.3 Summary of Results The site specific metrological information indicates that the predominant wind direction was found to blow from North-west and hence the impact zone in the downwind direction (South-East). The predicted ground level concentrations in the form of Isopleths are presented in Figure 5-1to Figure 5-4.

Particulate Matters: PM10 The fugitive dust emission during cargo handling, transportation and storage was predicted using ISCST3. Figure 5-1 shows the predicted dispersion phenomenon of particulate matter for the proposed project activity with port operating at full capacity. It can be inferred from the figure that, the storage yard outside the port boundary had maximum concentration of particulate matter measuring 34µg/m3. This value is for the worst case scenarios with port utilizing the entire 17.8Ha of storage yard. PM10 concentration within port boundary is 18µg/m3. The predicted particulate matter concentration within the 5 km radial distance from the port boundary is in the range of 4µg/m3 to 8µg/m3. The storage area outside port premises is an open stack yard; this is a major source for pollution. The cargo stored here emits particulate matter when handeled and the absence of a wind barriers or screens will worsen the condition when the particulate matter gets dispersed by blowing wind.

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Figure 5-1 Predicted GLC of PM10

Air quality baseline monitoring study reveals that the background 24 hours averaged PM10 concentration within the 5 km study area was measured to be in the range of 58.12µg/m3 to 70.25µg/m3. The estimated cumulative PM10 concentration for the same area will be in the range of 66.12µg/m3(outside port boundary) to 78.25µg/m3(within port boundary) being the worst case scenario.

Particulate Matters: PM2.5 The predicted dispersion phenomenon of particulate matter is shown in Figure 5-2. It has been inferred from the figure that the maximum concentration of particulate matter was Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 170

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observed near the passenger jetty with value ranging from 15µg/m3 to 16µg/m3. PM2.5 concentration within the Okha Port and storage yard outside port boundary is 3µg/m3 and 7µg/m3 respectively. The predicted particulate matter concentration within the 5 km radial distance from the port boundary is in the range of 1µg/m3 to 3µg/m3.

Figure 5-2 Predicted GLC of PM2.5

Air quality baseline monitoring study reveals that the background 24 hours averaged PM2.5 concentration within 5 km from the port boundary was measured in the range of

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27.64µg/m3 to 33.10µg/m3. The estimated cumulative PM2.5 concentration within study area of 5 km will be in the range of 3.10µg/m3 to 36.10µg/m3 (worst case scenario).

 Impact Assessment due to Cargo Transportation by Truck – Engine Exhaust

The primary automotive related emissions in the ports are from the coal transfer trucks, diesel operated pay loaders and all other similar vehicles run on diesel. For the purpose of predicting the cumulative impact of particulate matter, the exhaust emissions from the trucks were considered. Dry bulk cargo evacuation is 100% by road as the port users are located close to the port and considered to be economical, instead of rail transportation. Okha port handles bulk cargo from barge to wharf/berth and transport cargo to back-up area for storage. Tyre Mounted/chain mounted Dozers used for unloading cargo from barge to the berth and further transported through truck to backup area for cargo storage. This activity will be eliminated through mechanization and modernization of Okha port cargo handling. Hence truck emission within port premises was not considered as part of gaseous dispersion modelling. Only cargo transport to inland region of Okha has been considered for a distance of 5km from the port gate for modelling. Accordingly it was estimated that to handle additional 4MTPA of cargo, around 600 trucks of 20T capacity is required. Based on this, SO2 and NO2 emissions from engine exhaust have been considered for dispersion modelling using ISCST3. The emission factors for these types of vehicles are provided by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI)14.

Figure 5-3 depicts the predicted 24-hourly SO2 concentration. It can be inferred from the figure that the maximum SO2 concentration was found to be 0.44µg/m3 and therefore considered to be insignificant, when compared with the NAAQ standards.

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Figure 5-3 Predicted GLC of SO2

Figure 5-4 depicts the predicted 24-hourly NO2 concentration. It can be inferred from the figure that the maximum concentration at the source is 27µg/m3.

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Figure 5-4 Predicted GLC of NO2

Table 5-4 below shows the summary of predicted ground level concentration for particulate matter, SO2 and NO2 after port expansion. The result’s summary of the predicted particulate matter and gaseous pollutant concentration reveals that least impact will be envisaged on local ambient air quality.

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Table 5-4 Predicted GLC's of Criteria Pollutants Predicted GL Background Concentration (µg/m3) Predicted Cumulative Sl.No Parameter Concentration within 5km radius Concentration (µg/m3) Range (µg/m3) from Port 62.12 to 66.12 (min) 1 PM 58.12 to 70.25 4 to 8 10 74.25 to 78.25 (max)

28.64 to 30.64 (min) 2 PM 27.64 to 33.10 1 to 3 2.5 34.10 to 36.10 (max)

3 SO2 7.96 to 16.44 <3 10.96 to 19.44

4 NO2 17.90 to 30.22 <3 20.90 to 33.22

5.2.2.4 General Mitigation Measures Okha port handles bulk cargo from barge to wharf/berth and transport cargo to back-up area for storage. Tyre Mounted/chain mounted Dozers used for unloading cargo from barge to the berth and further transported through truck to backup area for cargo storage. Various stages of cargo transfer in open environment results in release of fugitive dust emissions due to wind carryover of dust affecting local air quality and shore water quality.

Cargo such as Coal, Coke, Limestone and Bauxite has the potential to release dust in to air and create nuisance to the local ambient air quality. To prevent this, it is proposed to mechanize the existing cargo handling operations from Berth to Storage Area through state of art material handling system such as Wheel Mounted Grab, Unloading Hopper with Flip Door, Closed Belt Conveyor System, Transfer Points, Stacker & Reclaimer, mechanized cargo loading to trucks, paved roads, truck parking, CCTV surveillance etc. In addition to this the wind barrier at open storage cargo stockpiles, Dedicated Truck Mounted Dust Suppression System, Dedicated Mobile Mounted Fog Type Wet Suppression System, 3-Tier Green Cover/Green Belt, Compressed Air Spray Nozzles at transfer point, removal of road dust through truck mounted high vacuum cleaner systems, wheel washing facilities for cargo truck, speed restricted movement of cargo truck have been recommended.

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Full Cone Flat Cone Hollow Cone

Figure 5-5 Illustrations for Dust Suppression System – Spray Nozzles – Transfer Point

5.2.3 Noise Environment – Construction Phase

The ambient noise levels within the port area during construction of all the proposed activities will be high, due to noise arising from construction equipments, vehicles, materials handling and miscellaneous noises. These noises are not a major problem to the local settlement because the proposed project activities are at water front area and within the port premises, the magnitude of noise reaching people outside port area is low. People working in the site may be subjected to noise pollution but using earmuff and ear plugs will solve this problem.

5.2.4 Noise Environment – Operation Phase

As a part of this EIA study, a noise propagation modelling was undertaken to predict the noise levels within port area and road network by which port’s cargo is being transported. Noise levels are predicted for proposed project activity considering the increase in cargo, machinery and truck traffic, also GMB has proposed to mechanize Okha Port. This mechanization process will change the existing cargo handling pattern; all the cargo handling processes will be automated instead of manual handling. This will reduce the

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intermediate stages and handle cargo in a less pollution causing manner. The scenario considered for modelling is that the port is working at full capacity with all its machinery being deployed at full efficiency (i.e. worst case scenario); Closed conveyor belt system, hopper, stacker cum reclaimer, grab cranes and trucks are the major sources for pollution from the Okha Port. Prediction of noise levels for this scenario will help us understand the level of impact that may be caused due to proposed project activities on the noise environment and local residents. Noise propagation from port area to Surajkaradi junction have been modelled based on the international outdoor noise propagation standards.  ISO 9613-1:1996 Acoustics- attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors- Part 1: Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere  ISO 9613-2:1996 Acoustics- attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors- Part 2:  General method of calculation Noise propagation software model, Noise Sim Version 2.1 was used for estimating the noise levels due to cumulative noise emissions from various sources within the port boundary and is presented in Figure 5-6. It can be inferred from the modelled data that the noise levels at the port boundary (at full operation) would be 65 - 70 dB (A), which is within the stipulated threshold noise level of 75 dB (A) for an industrial areas. Noise levels outside the port area and along the truck path ranged between 50 dB (A) to 30 dB (A), residential area day time noise limits as per CPCB standards is 55 dB (A). the noise levels at the settlement nearest Based on this noise modelling analysis, it can be concluded that the additional noise emissions from the proposed project activity being operational at its full efficiency (worst case scenario) is within the standard noise levels prescribed by the CPCB. For the safety of worker and their health it is recommended to use earmuffs and earplugs to

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prevent any hearing loss or noise induced stress. Noise levels from various port activities were referred from the standards.15,16

Figure 5-6 Predicted Noise levels

5.2.5 Soil Environment – Construction Phase

During construction activities no major impact is envisaged in the soil environment. Certain processes like storing of construction equipments, their cleaning process, handling

15 https://worksafe.govt.nz/dmsdocument/2293-noise-levels-created-by-common-construction-tools 16 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bb02/5e40ae462d9101bef3ccdddb0963a702219d.pdf Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 178

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of materials, cleaning of truck tyres/ body all need to done on a proper cement platform or lined surface. Disposing of the waste water or dust onto the soil will damage its quality, when waste water penetrates into the soil it may damage the local groundwater quality. Proper collection and treating of waste water is required. The land dedicated for reclamation is a sea pit, hence reclaiming the pit with dredged material from sea will not cause any damage to the area and salinity ingress is not applicable. When the above mitigation measures are adopted, there will be no impact on the soil environment during construction phase.

5.2.6 Soil Environment – Operation Phase

During Operation phase all cargo handling activities must be done on a proper paved impermeable surface, dust from cargo, runoff from cargo storage yard, waste water generated from port activities and cargo spilled when transported in trucks, are the pollution causing sources for soil environment. All these pollutants when disposed onto an open unpaved area will contaminate the soil and pollute the groundwater; polluted soil will not be sustainable for plant growth. When all these activities are prohibited there will be no impact on the soil environment.

5.2.7 Water Environment – Construction Phase

As discussed in earlier sections activities like storing of waste onto unpaved surface, disposal of waste water onto soil or water body will contaminate surface/ground water quality. If these activities are avoided through implementation of robust EMP, there will be no impact on terrestrial water bodies.

5.2.8 Water Environment – Operation Phase

When cargo is being transported via trucks, spillage onto soil or water bodies may lead to contamination and cleaning of trucks and other machinery on unpaved surface is also an impact factor. The study area has very few surface water bodies and none are near the port

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area so contamination of surface water is not applicable and based on soil strata, chances of waste water leaching into soil and contaminating groundwater is minimal.

5.3 Traffic Forecast and Impact Analysis

Traffic congestion in an area may be caused due to various factors like improper planning, vehicle movement, accidents, condition of the road, road in inadequacy, etc. It may lead to many accidents, stress or in some cases, death. To reduce traffic flow and ensuring free vehicle movement it is important to check the adequacy of the existing road, Traffic flow in Okha port region will increase after the proposed project activity. To access the existing traffic flow rate and forecast it, traffic survey was done at 2 locations. One at the Okha port gate junction and the other point at Surajkaradi junction, these 2 locations were strategically selected as they connect the road where the port’s cargo is transported through trucks. The data for vehicle flow observed during a 24 hour study period at both the stations are presented below. Table 5-5 Traffic Survey data at Okha Port Gate Two Auto- Observation Time Tractor LMV HMV Wheeler Rickshaw 0:00 to 1:00 29 35 0 21 28 1:00 to 2:00 18 19 3 19 22 2:00 to 3:00 20 16 0 34 25 3:00 to 4:00 30 29 2 28 39 4:00 to 5:00 43 42 5 40 58 5:00 to 6:00 46 37 3 57 60 6:00 to 7:00 98 62 8 72 78 7:00 to 8:00 120 84 4 60 61 8:00 to 9:00 136 88 7 31 76 9:00 to 10:00 112 73 9 18 84 10:00 to 11:00 79 49 11 91 43 11:00 to 12:00 38 25 6 42 52 12:00 to 13:00 27 19 5 31 42 13:00 to 14:00 96 27 8 25 41 14:00 to 15:00 102 32 12 18 29

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Two Auto- Observation Time Tractor LMV HMV Wheeler Rickshaw 15:00 to 16:00 116 43 10 32 44 16:00 to 17:00 93 62 9 29 60 17:00 to 18:00 81 52 5 11 67 18:00 to 19:00 62 28 3 28 61 19:00 to 20:00 71 27 2 36 48 20:00 to 21:00 46 16 1 9 83 21:00 to 22:00 35 20 0 36 46 22:00 to 23:00 27 17 0 37 28 23:00 to 0:00 23 14 0 60 62 Total Vehicles 1548 916 113 865 1237

Table 5-6 Traffic Survey data at Surajkaradi Junction Two Auto- Observation Time Tractor LMV HMV Wheeler Rickshaw 0:00 to 1:00 12 9 0 20 24 1:00 to 2:00 15 20 0 18 24 2:00 to 3:00 30 26 2 27 40 3:00 to 4:00 47 39 0 24 52 4:00 to 5:00 54 43 3 43 43 5:00 to 6:00 72 50 4 56 51 6:00 to 7:00 89 61 7 39 53 7:00 to 8:00 107 48 0 36 65 8:00 to 9:00 96 71 4 53 79 9:00 to 10:00 35 27 5 32 32 10:00 to 11:00 36 32 7 41 42 11:00 to 12:00 47 40 6 37 56 12:00 to 13:00 19 29 9 26 34 13:00 to 14:00 96 36 20 31 55 14:00 to 15:00 32 45 12 27 89 15:00 to 16:00 105 39 9 42 55 16:00 to 17:00 122 57 14 8 46 17:00 to 18:00 101 64 10 69 72 18:00 to 19:00 91 37 5 65 81

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Two Auto- Observation Time Tractor LMV HMV Wheeler Rickshaw 19:00 to 20:00 48 43 4 70 45 20:00 to 21:00 34 31 3 50 54 21:00 to 22:00 29 40 0 51 46 22:00 to 23:00 20 18 5 18 36 23:00 to 0:00 19 15 0 13 32 Total Vehicles 1356 920 129 896 1206

The existing road at Okha is a 2-way Urban Road. The traffic flow rate at port gate was found to be higher when compared to Surajkaradi junction, so this data is considered for calculation of road adequacy (as a worst case scenario). As per the Indian Roads Congress code IRC 106:1990 the carrying capacity of a 2-way Urban road is 1500 PCU/Hr. The existing traffic flow at Okha port gate was calculated as 644.1 PCU/Hr including domestic and commercial traffic, indicating that the existing road is well adequate as per standards. After increase in port’s cargo handling capacity from 6 MTPA to 10 MTPA, the traffic flow rate is forecasted to be 230 PCU/Hr (only trucks) to handle the increased cargo. The cumulative traffic flow is 874 PCU/Hr which is also well below the standard limit, indicating that the existing road is sufficient for the future traffic also.

5.4 Terrestrial Ecological Environment

This chapter discusses the likely impacts of the proposed project activities on bio-physical attributes of the project area, which includes both the coastal (terrestrial) and marine environment and the mitigatory measures being suggested to the project proponent to contain any untoward situation during the constructional and operational phases. The level of impacts in terms of direct/primary and indirect/secondary was also considered while evaluating the impacts. The magnitude of such impacts also has been determined based on the uniqueness and fragility of the physical environment, habitat types, environmental status and reversibility associated with the project activities. All the anticipated impacts

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related to the proposed activities are listed out in the subsequent sections followed by the mitigatory measures.

5.4.1 Impact on Terrestrial Ecology

The proposed project activities fall within the intertidal region. The fugitive emission in the form of coal dust/ore dust will be controlled by effective utilization of mechanized cargo handling systems with closed conveyor belts, installing wind screens and dust suppression system/water sprinkling. Adopting effective mitigation measures will reduce emission levels in the area.

The various possible impacts that may arise during the construction phase will be constrained to the marine water and sediment in the project site. Therefore, no significant impacts are envisaged from the proposed project activities on the terrestrial ecology which includes terrestrial flora, fauna and avifauna species.

5.5 Socioeconomic Impact

Ports and Harbour are the essential for the regional and national economic development by way of creating new jobs, transportation of goods, developing new infrastructures, etc. However the port creates potential challenges to the local community who reside adjacent to the port by way of operation of the port and transportation system.

Socio-cultural impacts includes all kinds of influence on the local community and people's life style such as relocation of villages, industrialization, population growth nearby and the formation of slums17. The ports are the major economic engines for the country by supporting international trade & commerce and gains considerable amount of foreign exchange. Sustainable port operations should aim at development along with the local

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community. This section of the report identifies the potential impacts related to the socioeconomic and cultural aspects of the local community and the working mitigation plan for overcoming the recoverable impacts if any. Major sources of Impacts can be categorized into three types/ stages: a) Location of port b) Construction c) Port operation, including ship traffic and discharges, cargo handling and storage, and land transport.

5.5.1 Impacts on Location of the Project:

Potential impact on the Aesthetic View: The Study area is a potential tourist place and famous for the beautiful beaches in the region. The proposed project is the expansion project and it is to be developed at the existing port area. The existing port has been operating prior to independence. Hence there will not be major change in the landscape and thereby will not have much adverse impact on the aesthetic view.

Rehabilitation and Resettlement: The proposed expansion project does not displace any human settlement. The proposed project is developed within the existing port boundary and the area designated for industrial use only. Hence Rehabilitation and Resettlement process under RFCTLARR Act 2013 (The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation & Resettlement Act, 2013) will not be envisaged.

5.5.2 Impact during Construction Phase:

Local Employment Generation and Trade Opportunities: The proposed project will generate employment opportunities both directly and indirectly. The construction activity also promotes local purchase and trade in the region. These activities directly or indirectly benefit the socioeconomic development in the region.

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Impact on Archaeological Important Places: Byet Dwarka is a notified Marine Archaeological site. Any Archaeological important evidence that maybe found during the capital dredging could be lost if not handled properly (improper management plan).

5.5.3 Impact during Operation Phase:

Impact on the Fisheries: The study area is one of the major fish landing centre in the region. During the operation phase, the liquid waste such waste oil and grease may be discharged from the cargo vessels may impact the fishing activities. Fishing nets getting damaged due to movements of ships are considered as a global problem. The movement of ships in the region may damage the nets laid by the local fishermen.

Impact on Tourism: The study area is a potential tourist place which is visited by the thousands of domestic and international tourist throughout the year. Considering the robust implementation of EMP, dust emission from dry cargo handling will be maintained within the CPCB guidelines and thus impact on tourism is not envisaged.

Impact on Regional and National Economic: Port generates number of direct and indirect employment opportunities in the region along with the local trade and business opportunities such as small to large contracts, hotel industry, etc locally and contributes to the regional and national economy at the larger scale by way of Tax revenue, foreign exchange, access for trade to the nearby industries, etc.

5.5.4 Impact Matrix

Summarizing the above points we can come to an understanding of the activities/aspects that may cause impacts to various environmental components, following is an impact matrix exhibiting the same

Source Port Operations

Location of Construction Ship Traffic Cargo Operations and Facet of the

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Environment the Port and Dredging and Discharge Waterfront Industry (A) (B) (C) (D)

Air Quality (1) - * * * Noise and (2) Vibration - * - * Visual Quality (4) - - - * Socio-cultural (5) Impact * * * * Waste (6) Management - * * * Note: A1 – Represents impact caused due to location of port on Water Quality likewise all the parameters (BI, C2, D4 ,etc.) (* - Impact) (- - No Impact)

5.5.4.1 Potential Impact on Air Quality  B 1 - At the time of construction the local ambient air quality will get degraded due to suspended particulate matter arising from vehicular traffic, exhaust from machineries and construction materials. This is a temporary phenomenon as soon as construction work seizes, the air quality will be back to normal. The same goes for dredging.  C 1 & D 1 – Cargo handling and vessel traffic cannot be avoided in port area, emissions and exhaust arising from vessels and stacked cargo can be maintained within standard limits by implementing robust environmental management plan.

5.5.4.2 Potential Impact due to Noise and Vibration  B 2 & D 2 – Noise and Vibrations arising during construction, dredging, cargo handling and vessel traffic are not continuous sources, the effects caused by them on the environment is temporary and fugitive.

5.5.4.3 Potential Impact on Visual Quality  D 4 - The Aesthetic view and visual quality of the area will not be affected much, as the port has been operating since pre-independence and the proposed project is an Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 186

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expansion project within the port premises. However some may find that cargo handling and allied activities unpleasing to self.

5.5.4.4 Socio cultural Impacts  A, B, C & D 5 - The proposed project activity does not require any resettlements and the outcome of the project will help all its stakeholders either directly or indirectly. For example the reclaimed land will serve as a recreational area for the local community. Increase in trade and economic growth due to port expansion and enhanced cargo handling capacity will benefit the stakeholders.

5.5.4.5 Waste Management  B 6 – Solid waste generated from various construction activites are to be collected and segregated into classes like cement, spoil, brick, etc and be disposed through authorized vendors. Since the entire dredged spoil will be utilized for the proposed reclamation activities in the backup area no impacts are envisaged from them.  C 6 – The ships that are berthed in the port may release pollutants into the marine environment in the form of diesel/oil leak, accidental spill, waste from maintenance work, etc. As per the regulations and standard practices of GMB all waste generated from ships will be handled by Authorized vendors and proper maintenance will eliminate the impacts. In case of any spill/leak immediate response action should be takes the address the issue.  D 6 – During Port operation improper handling of cargo may cause spill into the sea causing pollution, mechanization and robust dust suppression system will address this issue. No liquid cargo is being handled at the port and ships generated waste will be handled by authorized vendors, no waste will be disposed into the sea.

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6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

The proposed project developments will be facilitated within the existing port premises as it is an expansion of the existing port facility. GMB has proposed to provide a dedicated berthing facility for the coast guard, for safety purposes and extension of lighter wharf to provide an additional berthing facility for cargo handling barges. Construction of coast guard jetty in an open area can cause safety issues (Strategic positioning). Also construction of a new jetty to handle cargo is an expensive action when, there is an opportunity to extend the existing facility that can serve the same purpose, without additional land reclamation, minimal environmental impact and excruciating cost. This is focused on tackling the overall increase in cargo handling capacity of the port, without major impact to the environment and project proponent. Increase in cargo handling, leads to increase in vessel traffic and goods movement. Hence additional supporting features need to be installed or constructed to meet the rising demands and moreover, the proposed developments require waterfront area for construction and operation. The overall activities being proposed are site specific and hence alternate site consideration is not required.

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7 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

7.1 Introduction

The proposed project development will induce the change of environmental quality at various stages of the project development activity, during its execution. These changes will have both short term and long term impact on the neighbouring environment. In order to monitor the quality of nearby environment, compliance monitoring is mandatory during both construction and operation phase of the project development. This will help to demonstrate the quality of implementing the mitigation measures suggested in this EIA report and to mitigate the significant impact on the environment if any, at the earlier impact stage. Hence, a periodical Environmental Monitoring Program has been suggested for both construction and operation phase of the project.

7.2 Environmental Monitoring Program

Monitoring methods have been designed in such a way that it is possible for the project proponent, to demonstrate that the mitigation measures are effectively implemented during construction and operation phase. The monitoring program shall be conducted only through a NABL authorized and MoEF&CC recognized environmental laboratory and the same shall be attached with the six month compliance report while submitting to the RO, MoEF&CC and GPCB. Similarly, GMB shall undertake a third party Environmental audit/assessment every Financial Year during the operation phase in order to demonstrate the implementation of mitigation measures as suggested in the EMP.

7.2.1 Terrestrial Environment - Construction Phase

The proposed Terrestrial Environment monitoring plan during construction phase is presented in Table 7-1.

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Table 7-1 Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Program during Construction Phase

Frequency of Potential Risks Proposed Mitigation Indicators or Parameters to Applicable Regulatory Institutional Implementation Project Activity Measurement/ Any other and Impacts Measures be monitored/ measured Requirement Responsibility Schedule Monitoring

Terrestrial Environment Land Environment Excavated soil will be used for back- filling the excavated pits Hazardous and Other Excavation for Disposal of after completion of concreting Site Inspection after Wastes Rules 2015, Solid After construction works Main/ Sub- During Soil Physical Supervision civil structures excavated soil and the balance quantity will completion of construction Waste Management Rules complete Contractor Excavation Period be used for filling low-lying 2015 areas within Port Premises

Air Environment

Ambient Air Quality Excavation and Dust emission Once in a month and Ambient Air Quality GMB/Main Monitoring conducted Civil Foundation and Air PM , PM , SO , NO NAAQS random sampling will be Construction Period Monitoring near project site 2.5 10 2 2 Contractor through NABL Works Pollution done Accredited Laboratory

Pollution Under Control (PUC) PUC certificate shall be Gaseous BS IV/VI Emission Norms Certificate shall be furnished Main obtained from Agency NAAQS and CPCB guidelines Vehicle Exhaust Emission and complied Vehicle to be to Main Contractor for vehicles Once in a year Contractor/Sub Construction Period authorized by State for vehicular exhaust Air Pollution deployed deployed for project related Contractor Transport Authority, works Government of Gujarat

Noise Environment

Noise Monitoring shall Proper maintained vehicles be monitored by Vehicle Nuisance and will be deployed for project Noise Level in dB(A) NAAQS for Noise Once in a month Main Contractor Construction Period Contractor using Movement Noise Pollution related activities handheld noise meter

Contractor shall DG Set, Noise Pollution Acoustic Enclosure for DG Noise Level in dB(A) at 0.5m CPCB guidelines for procure and train the Compressor, and Affects Sets, Barriers for Compressor, distance from DG Sets. For emission from DG set and Main/Sub person to monitor the Construction Once in a month Construction Period Hearing Loss of Construction Equipment others ambient noise level other construction Contractor noise level during Equipment Workers Isolation during works shall be monitored equipment/machineries construction period on Operation daily basis.

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Civil and Concrete Waste, Concrete Waste shall be Mechanical Hazardous and Other Metal Scrap disposed to Landfill. Log Book to be Works for Commitment from Sub/Main Wastes Rules 2015, Solid Waste and Daily Main Contractor Construction Period maintained for Waste Mechanization of Contractor Waste Management Rules Waste Recyclable Scrap Waste shall Disposal Coal Belt 2015 Management be disposed to recyclers Conveyor

7.2.2 Terrestrial Environment - Operation Phase

The proposed Terrestrial Environment monitoring plan during Operation phase is presented in Table 7-2. Table 7-2 Terrestrial Environmental Monitoring Program during Operation Phase Indicators or Parameters Frequency of Potential Risks Applicable Regulatory Institutional Implementation Project Activity Proposed Mitigation Measures to be monitored/ Measurement/ Any other and Impacts Requirement Responsibility Schedule measured Monitoring

Terrestrial Environment Air Environment

Mechanization of Material Handling System from Jetty to Coal Stock Piles. Fugitive Dust Dust Suppression and Dust Twice a Week as per Emissions – Particulate Matter PM , NABL Accredited Lab Cargo Handling Containment Systems shall be 2.5 NAAQS NAAQ Standards of GMB Operation Period Affects Air PM shall be engaged installed at critical locations such as 10 CPCB Quality Jetty Unloading and Coal Stock Piles area and Truck loading points

Gaseous Vehicular Emission norms prescribed by Sulphur Di-Oxide(SO ), NAAQS and CPCB Twice a Week as per Emission – 2 NABL Accredited Lab Movement within Transport Authority of State Nitrogen Di-Oxide guidelines for vehicular NAAQ Standards of GMB Operation Period Affect Air shall be engaged Port Premises Government (NO ) exhaust CPCB Quality 2

Noise Environment

Vehicular Ambient Noise Speed Limit of 30KMPH shall be Sign Board of 30KMPH Speed Governor on Movement within NAAQS for Noise Every Day GMB Operation Period Nuisance prescribed displayed at Service Road Vehicle shall be installed Port Premises

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Indicators or Parameters Frequency of Potential Risks Applicable Regulatory Institutional Implementation Project Activity Proposed Mitigation Measures to be monitored/ Measurement/ Any other and Impacts Requirement Responsibility Schedule measured Monitoring Waste Management As per HWM Rules, 2016 Hazardous Waste Hazardous Authorized Recyclers shall be Hazardous and Other As per HWM Rules, 2016 Once in a Year GMB Maintenance all records shall be – Used/Waste Oil Waste identified for Reuse/Recycle Wastes Rules 2015 maintained. Storm Water Management Catch Pit, Oil Water Catch Pit, Oil-Water Separator and Separator shall be cleaned Storm Water primary settling treatment facility Affect Seawater pH, COD, Oil and Grease, before Monsoon. Run-off from Coal shall be installed. Treated water will MoEF&CC guidelines Once in Year GMB Monsoon Period Quality Heavy Metals Discharge of wastewater Stock Piles be reused for dust suppression in to storm water drain is system. not allowed Green Belt Development Positive Impact Regular and Liberal Green Belt to control Dust Pit Technique of Size 60x60x60cm to Forests and Environment Watering shall be provided MoEF&CC guidelines Monthly GMB Operation Period Development and Noise grow native species shall be consulted for species Pollution

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8 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

As prescribed in approved ToR, following additional studies have been undertaken for the proposed project development at Okha.

8.1 Risk Assessment

Bulk storage of any combustible materials leads to fire risk in many large storage areas such as waste bunkers, wood or paper stockpiles and coal storage yards. Self-ignition usually starts within the bottom layers of a stockpile as a result of temperature increases in the material. Continuous monitoring of the surface layers enables a fast location of hot spots rapid response to coal fires at initial stage. The fires usually start as ‘hot spots’ in the coal accumulation. These are places where the generated heat cannot be dissipated efficiently while there is still enough oxygen to promote the oxidation reaction of the coal.

8.1.1 Self-Ignition of Coal

The risk from fire exists anywhere significant amounts of coal are in use or storage. One of the most frequent and serious causes of coal fires is spontaneous combustion. Spontaneous combustion is one of the most prevalent and serious causes of coal fires. It has been a well-known, and long-feared, danger at coal storage sites all over the world. Coal reacts with atmospheric oxygen even at ambient temperatures and this reaction is exothermic. If the heat liberated during the process is allowed to accumulate, the rate of the above reaction increases exponentially and there is a further rise in temperature. When this temperature reaches the ignition temperature of coal, the coal starts to burn and the phenomena is described as spontaneous combustion. Preventing spontaneous combustion coal fires involves attention to many different factors. Among the most critical are the type, age, and composition of coal, how it is stored, and how it is used. Given the right kind of coal, oxygen, and a certain temperature and moisture content, coal will burn by itself. Spontaneous combustion has long been recognized as a fire hazard in stored coal. Spontaneous combustion fires usually begin as "hot spots" deep within the reserve of coal. The hot spots appear when coal absorbs oxygen from the air. Heat generated by the oxidation then initiated the fire.

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Such fires can be very stubborn to extinguish because of the amount of coal involved and the difficulty of getting to the seat of the problem. Moreover, coal in either the smouldering of flaming stage may produce copious amounts of CH4 and CO gases. In addition to their toxicity, these gases are highly explosive in certain concentrations, and can further complicate efforts to fight this type of coal fire. Even the most universal fire fighting substance, water, cannot be used indiscriminately.

8.1.2 Cause Spontaneous Coal Combustion

The following general factors contribute to spontaneous coal fires:  New coal added on top of old coal created segregation of particle sizes, which is a major cause of overheating.  Insufficient, temperature probes installed in the coal bunker resulted in an excessive period of time before the fire is detected.  Failure of equipment needed to fight the fire.  Ineffective capability and use of CO2 suppression system.  Delay in the application of water.  Inadequate policies, procedures, and training of personnel prevented proper decision making, including the required knowledge to immediately attack the fire.

8.1.3 Recommendations

 Air circulating within a coal pile should be restricted as it contributes to heating; compacting helps seal air out.  Moisture in coal contributes to spontaneous heating because it assists the oxidation process and should be limited to 3%.  Coal having high moisture content should be segregated and used as quickly as possible. Efforts should be made to keep stored coal from being exposed to moisture  Dry coal shall be kept dry and shall be not exposed to any rain during storage period. This concerns what is known as the heat-of-wetting; Drying coal is an endothermic process [heat is absorbed] and lowers the temperature of the coal.

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Wetting (or gaining moisture) is an exothermic process and the liberated heat can accelerate the spontaneous heating of the coal.  A high ambient temperature aids the spontaneous healing process.  Use coal as quickly as practicable. The longer large coal piles are allowed to sit, the more time the spontaneous process has to work.  The shape and composition of open stockpiles can help prevent fires. Dumping coal into a big pile with a trestle or grab bucket can lead to problems. Rather, coal should be packed in horizontal layers, which are then levelled by scraping and compacted by rolling. This method helps distribute the coal evenly and thus avoids breakage and segregation of fine coal. Segregation of coal particles by size should be strenuously avoided, as it may allow more air to enter the pile and subsequent heating of finer sizes.  The height of the coal pile is also important. Limit unlayered, un-compacted high grade coal to a height of 5m; maximum height is 8m for layered and packed coal.  Properly inspect, test and maintain installed fire protection equipment.  Maintain an update pre-fire plan and encourage regular visits to coal facilities by the site or local emergency response force.

Although coal fires are infrequent, there is a possibility of coal fires at the coal stock yards during the summer conditions due to burning of volatile compounds. Coal stock yard fires can be avoided by providing proper stacking design to prevent air movement inside the coal lumps, minimizing the duration of coal storage at the site and water sprinkling operations to maintain adequate moisture. Fire fighting systems and fire hydrant systems shall be installed at all hazard prone areas such as coal stock yards, transfer points, approach trestle as per the applicable fire safety standards. In addition to this, all facilities have a potential impact of fire hazard. Hence, fire hydrant and fire fighting systems have to be installed in the entire port. Based upon the facility the fire system needs to be designed.

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8.1.4 Social Impact due to R&R

No land acquisition is envisaged in the proposed project as the expansion involves within the existing port premises. Hence impact on the social environment due to Resettlement and Rehabilitation is not envisaged. However, the need based CSR have been suggested based on the primary socioeconomic survey.

8.2 Disaster management Plan

A disaster is a catastrophic situation in which, suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness and suffering, as a result need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and other necessities of life. Disaster Management Plan should be prepared to effectively deal with all kinds of port related hazards and also is in a state of preparedness to respond to such events and their adverse effects to the on-site as well as off-site population. DMP should cater to worst disaster scenario with reference to specific cases like plant failure, human error, earthquake, cyclone, flood, tsunami, fire and explosion etc. It is developed to control on-site and off-site emergency. For control of an emergency, GMB has established an emergency response organization headed by business head and supported by management team, primary support team and secondary support team depending upon the circumstances of the emergency. Disaster Management Plan for the Okha Port has been formulated and is presented below:

8.2.1 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan [DMP]

The Disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in the same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the DMP, it should be widely circulated and personnel training through rehearsals/drills. To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the factory or immediate vicinity of the factory, a DMP has to be formulated and this planned emergency document is called "Disaster Management Plan". The objective of the Industrial Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following:

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 Effect the rescue and medical treatment of causalities  Safeguard other people  Minimize damage to property and the environment  Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control  Identify any dead  Provide for the needs of relatives  Provide authoritative information to the news media  Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area  Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency. In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue, rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy.

8.2.1.1 Specific Emergencies Anticipated Owing to its geo-climatic, geological and physical features, Gujarat is vulnerable to all major natural hazards namely, drought, flood, cyclone, earthquake, tsunami etc. The state is also under constant threat of various human made hazards like that of industrial (chemical) hazards, transportation accidents, terror attacks, epidemic, road accidents, etc.

8.2.1.2 Emergency Communication The person on duty in the Emergency Control Centre would apprise the Site Controller. Site Controller will verify the situation from the Incident Controller of that area or the Shift In charge and will take a decision about an impending On Site Emergency. This would be communicated to all the Incident Controllers, Emergency Coordinators. Simultaneously, the emergency warning system would be activated on the instructions of the Site Controller. In-house Wireless communication system will be used in emergency situations. The primary role of the emergency response organization in an emergency shall be:  Determine the degree to which the emergency response organization shall be activated.

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 Determine extent of actual action required, organize and render assistance to Site Incident Controller.  Coordinate with all other concerned.

8.2.2 Emergency Plans & Responsibilities

8.2.2.1 Earthquake As per Indian Seismic Zone Map, Gujarat region is lies in three zones- Zone III, IV and V. Kachchh region (about 300km x 300km) lies in zone V where earthquakes of magnitude 8 can be expected. A belt of about 60-70km width around this zone covering areas of North Saurashtra and areas bordering Eastern part of Kachchh lie in zone IV where intensity VIII can be expected mainly due to earthquakes in Kachchh and some local earthquakes along North Kathiawar Fault in Northern Saurashtra. The rest of Gujarat lies in zone III where intensity VII earthquakes can be expected due to moderate local earthquakes or strong Kachchh earthquakes. Earthquake is most likely to occur without pre-warning and so its severity and destructive potential are highly unpredictable. Earthquake can result in collapse of buildings, structures & elevated equipment, heavy casualties apart from fracture of underground pipelines and uprooting of energized wires etc. The plan to deal with earthquake can be divided in following stages,

8.2.2.2 Emergency Responsibilities during Earthquake The responsibilities of the key personnel are appended below a) Port Key Person  Constitute Emergency Response Team(s) comprising of at least Port Engineer (01), Fire Team Member (01), Port Operators (02), Electrician (01)  Based on total strength of the individual facility, more than one team may be constituted  Each member of the team shall have a designated alternate member  Liaise with to identify control centres equipped with . Communication facilities . Emergency vehicles/ equipment

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. List of emergency contacts & suppliers . Medical facilities

b) Site Controller

On receiving information about emergency, he would rush to Emergency Control Centre and take charge of ECC and the situation  Assesses the magnitude of the situation on the advice of incident Controller and decides  Whether the affected area needs to be evacuated  Whether personnel who are at assembly points need to be evacuated  Declares emergency and orders for operation of emergency siren  Organizes announcement by public address system about location of emergency  Assesses which areas are likely to be affected, or need to be evacuated or are to be alerted  Maintains a continuous review of possible development and assesses the situation in consultation with Incident Controller and other Key Personnel as to whether shutting down the port activity or any section of the port required and if evacuation of persons is required  Directs personnel for rescue, rehabilitation, transport, fire brigade, medical and other designated mutual support systems locally available, for meeting emergencies  Take head count and Activate Port emergency plan.  Liaise with Site Main Controller for shut down of Port(s) if required.  Liaise with HOS – Fire Services to initiate search & rescue.  Liaise with – Occupational Health Center Services to provide first aid to the victims and remove causalities (if any).

8.2.2.3 Cyclonic Storms Gujarat falls in the region of tropical cyclone. With the longest coast line of 1600 km in the country, it is highly vulnerable to associated hazards such as floods, storm

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surges etc. Most of the cyclones affecting the State are generated in the Arabian Sea. They move North-East and hit the coast particularly the Southern Kutch and Southern Saurashtra and the Western part of Gujarat. Two cyclonic storm seasons are experienced in Gujarat: May to June (advancing southwest monsoon) and September to November (retreating monsoon).

8.2.2.4 Emergency Responsibilities during Cyclone The responsibilities of the key personnel are appended below a) Port Key Person  Constitute Emergency Response Team(s) comprising of at least Port Engineer (01), Fire Team Member (01), Port Operators (02), and Electrician (01).  Maintain inventory of emergency items & supplies as necessary, including but not limited to Torches, Ropes, lines, wires, tarpaulins, plastic sheets, Tool kit, duct tapes, assorted gears, First aid box, Sand bags etc.  Liaise with ES for Civil & Mechanical Support (including supply of spares), HR for food stock, water, blankets & bedding and medicine and Port Operation Control.  Liaise with Site Main Controller  Mobilize Emergency Response Team(s).  Release non-essential personnel  Initiate Port shut down based in consultation with site main Controller  Stop all activities and all permits to work b) Emergency Response Team  Ensure all personnel remain indoor, observant and be alert to detect any damage to equipment or buildings and development of unsafe conditions.  In case of any emergency warranting immediate response, communicate to Site Main Controller  In consultation with Site Main Controller make all possible efforts to reach the site of incident/ damage. c) Project Management Cell (PMC)  Stop all activities, park the cranes and equipment’s at safe location, lower the booms of cranes and secure them.

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 Ensure all erected structures are secured with guy ropes and ties are provided.  Remove all loose materials from top of buildings and structures or secure them.  Ensure all workmen are sheltered at safe locations like canteens (concrete buildings).  Secure the Jetty area piling rigs and cranes by tying with guy ropes.  Stop all project vehicle movements and ensure the vehicles are parked at safe location with wheels are blocked.  Ensure the barge type floating cranes are off loaded and brought to shore and its boom is downed.

8.2.2.5 Tsunami Gujarat has a coastline of 1600 Km. Large part of it is vulnerable to the impacts Tsunami which may develop in North Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The last recorded Tsunami on the Gujarat coast is 1945 and little is known about its impact on human lives and property. Tsunami is Japanese for "harbour wave which is a huge ocean wave that can travel at speeds up to 600mil/hr (965 km/hr) can have heights of up to 30 m (98 ft), wavelengths of up to 200km. and long periods, usually between 10 and 60 minutes. Sometimes incorrectly called a tidal wave, a tsunami is usually caused by an underwater earthquake or volcanic eruption and often causes extreme destruction when it strikes land. It is a series of waves which travel outward on the ocean surface in all directions in a kind of ripple effect. Since the waves can start out hundreds of miles long and only a few feet high, they would not necessarily be noticeable to a passing ship or a plane flying overhead. The plan to deal with Tsunami can be divided in following stages:

8.2.2.6 Emergency Responsibilities during Tsunami The responsibilities of the key personnel are appended below a) Port Key Person  Constitute Emergency Response Team(s) comprising of at least Port Engineer (01), Fire Team Member (01), Port Operators (02), Electrician (01), Marine Control Officer (01), and POC Officer (01)

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 Report at site to assess damage, Undertake restorative measures & repairs and Liaise with HOD – Human Resources & Administration.  Liaise with HOD – Marine to identify control centers equipped with: . Communication facilities. . Emergency vehicles/ equipment (tugs, speed/mooring boat). . List of emergency contacts (Marine Control, Port Security) . Occupational Health Facilities. b) Site Incident Controller  Liaise with Site Main Controller for shut down of Port(s) if required.  Liaise with HOS – Security and HOS – Fire Services to search & rescue.  Liaise with HOS – Occupational Health Center to provide first aid to the victims and remove causalities (if any).

8.2.2.7 Flood The climatology of Gujarat is influenced by the Arabian Sea in the West and three hill ranges along its Eastern border. A long coastline makes parts of arid Saurashtra and Kutch occasionally experience very high rainfall. These occasional heavy rainstorms are responsible for most of the floods in the state. All major rivers in the state pass through a wide stretch of the very flat terrain before reaching the sea. These flat lowlands of lower river basins are prone to flooding. Concentrated runoff resulted by heavy rainfall cause flash floods in the small river basin of Saurashtra and Kutch because of their fairly impervious catchments (rocky or black cotton soils) and steep sloping upper catchments. A fifty-year flood is a flood having a magnitude that is reached in a particular location on average once every fifty years. In any given year there is a two percent statistical chance of the occurrence of a fifty-year flood and a one percent chance of a hundred-year flood.

8.2.2.8 Emergency Responsibilities during Flood The responsibilities of the key personnel are appended below a) Port Key Person  Constitute Emergency Response Team(s) comprising of at least Port Engineer (01), Fire Team Member (01), Port Operators (02), Electrician (01)

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 Liaise with HOD – HR to identify control centers equipped with: . Communication facilities. . Emergency vehicles/ equipment (tugs, speed/mooring boat). . List of emergency contacts (Marine Control, Port Security) . Occupational Health Facilities.  Assess damage.  Undertake restorative measures & repairs.  Liaise with HOD – Human Resources & Administration b) Site Incident Controller  Liaise with Site Main Controller for shut down of Port(s) if required.  Liaise with HOS – Security and HOS – Fire Services to search & rescue.  Liaise with HOS – Occupational Health Center Services to provide first aid to the victims and remove causalities (if any).  Report at site

8.2.2.9 Fire a) Emergency Coordinator - Rescue, Fire Fighting  Helps the incident Controller in containment of the emergency  Ensures that the fire pumps are in operating condition and instructs pump house operator to ready for any emergency with standby arrangement  Guides the firefighting crew i.e. firemen, trained plant personnel and security staff  Organize shifting the firefighting facilities to the emergency site, if required  Takes guidance of the Incident Controller for firefighting as well as assesses the requirements of outside help  Arranges to control the traffic at the gate and the incident area  Directs the security staff to the incident site to take part in the emergency operations under his guidance and supervision  Evacuates the people in the port or in the nearby areas as advised by Site Controller  Searches for casualties and arranges proper aid for them

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 Assembles search and evacuation team  Arranges for safety equipment for the members of this team  Decides which paths the evacuated workers should follow  Maintains law and order in the area, and if necessary seeks the help of police

8.2.2.10 Medical, Mutual Aid, Rehabilitation, Transport and Communication a) Emergency Coordinator  In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby internal telephone, sets up communication point and establishes contact with the Emergency Control Centre (ECC).  Organizes medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the injured to nearby hospitals  Mobilizes extra medical help from outside, if necessary  Keeps a list of qualified first aiders of the factory and seeks their assistance.  Maintains first aid and medical emergency requirements  Makes sure that all safety equipment is made available to the emergency team  Assists Site Controller with necessary data and to coordinate the emergency activities  Assists Site Controller in updating emergency plan, organizing mock drills verification of inventory of emergency facilities and furnishing report to Site Controller  Maintains liaison with Civil Administration  Ensure availability of canteen facilities and maintenance of rehabilitation centre  Maintains liaison with Site Controller/Incident Controller  Ensures transportation facility  Ensures availability of necessary cash for rescue/rehabilitation and emergency expenditure  Controls rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation of emergency  Makes available diesel/petrol for transport vehicles engaged in emergency operation

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8.2.2.11 Essential Services  Assists Controller and Incident Controller  Maintains essential services like Diesel Generator, Water, Fire Water, Compressed Air/Instrument Air, and power supply for lighting  Plans alternate facilities in the event of power failure, to maintain essential services such as lightings  Organize separate electrical connections for all utilities and emergency services so that in the event of emergency or fires, essential services and utilities are not affected  Gives necessary instructions regarding emergency electrical supply, isolation of certain sections etc. to shift in charge and electricians  Ensures availability of adequate quantities of protective equipment and other emergency materials, spares etc

8.2.3 General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency

During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an emergency warning is raised, the workers if they are in charge of process equipment, should adopt safe and emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no such responsibility is assigned, he should adopt a safe course to assembly point and await instructions. He should not resort to spread panic. On the other hand, he must assist emergency personnel towards objectives of DMP.

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8.2.3.1 Emergency Facilities a) Emergency Control Center (ECC) The port will establish an Emergency Control Centre. It has external telephone, telefax and telex facility. All the Site Controller/Incident Controller Officers and Senior Personnel would be located here.

The following information and equipment are to be provided at the Emergency Control Centre (ECC):

 Intercom, telephone  P and T telephone  Safe contained breathing apparatus  Fire suit/gas tight goggles/gloves/helmets  Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indications  Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories  (Internal, P and T) port layout, site plan  Emergency lamp/torch light/batteries  Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, sources of safety equipment, work road plan, assembly points, rescue location vulnerable zones, escape routes  Hazard chart  Emergency shut-down procedures  Nominal roll of employees  List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency coordinators  Duties of key personnel  Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, emergency coordinator, essential employees  Important addresses and telephone numbers including Government agencies, neighbouring industries and sources of help, outside experts, chemical fact sheets (MSDS), population details around the factory.

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b) Assembly Point

Number of assemblies depending upon the location would be identified wherein employees who are not directly connected with the disaster management would be assembled for safety and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, minimum facilities like water etc would be organized. Different locations are ear marked as assembly points. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are to be used. c) Emergency Medical Facilities

Stretchers, gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with chemical burns, fire burns etc. would be maintained in the medical centre as well as in the emergency control room. Private medical practitioners help would be sought. Government hospital would be approached for emergency help.

Apart from plant first aid facilities, external facilities would be augmented. Names of Medical Personnel, Medical facilities in the area would be prepared and updated. Necessary specific medicines for emergency treatment of Burns Patients, and for those affected by toxicity would be maintained.

Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment would be provided and maintained.

8.2.3.2 Ambulance An ambulance with driver availability in all the shifts, emergency shift vehicle would be ensured and maintained to transport injured or affected persons. Number of persons would be trained in first aid so that, in every shift, first aid personnel would be available.

8.2.4 Emergency Actions

Communication of emergency would be made familiar to the personnel inside the plant and people outside. An emergency warning system would be established.

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9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN – TERRESTRIAL

As mentioned in Impact Assessment Chapter, mitigation measures were suggested to mitigate the risk arises out of activities related to construction and operation phase of the project. This section details about the specific environment management plan developed for both phases and to be implemented in true letter and spirit to eliminate the risk arise out on release of residual impact.

9.1 Terrestrial EMP - Construction Phase

9.1.1 Air Quality Management Plan

Mitigation measures are recommended for controlling the dust from various activities

9.1.1.1 Material Handling  The height from which fill materials are dropped should be controlled to a minimum practical height to limit fugitive dust generation from unloading.  Any stock pile of aggregate or spoil should be covered and water sprayed.  Water spray should be used during the handling of excavated and fill material where dust is likely to created  All dusty materials should be sprayed with water immediately prior to any loading, unloading or transfer operation so as to maintain moisture content of the dusty materials.  Emission from DG sets needs to monitored and kept within prescribed standards.  Construction materials kept in open area should be provided with barrier in order to prevent wind carryover of dust.

9.1.1.2 Vehicle Movement on Unpaved Haul Road

 Intensity of vehicular movement during construction period is very minimal as the proposed project involves usage of medium sized commercial vehicles. Hence, the existing traffic network would not be affected and impact on the environment is minimal during construction period.

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 Every vehicle should be washed to remove any dusty materials from its body and wheels before leaving a construction site  The load on the vehicles should be covered entirely by clean impervious sheeting to ensure that the dusty materials do not leak from the vehicles.  The haul road should be located away from sensitive receivers with vehicle speed limited to 20 kmph to reduce the traffic induced dust dispersion and re-suspension within the site.  Vehicles, heavy equipment, and machinery should be maintained periodically and regularly to keep air emissions under prescribed standards.  Vehicles shall be free from any undesirable noise and high emissions polluting the environment. Vehicle emitting undesirable smoke and noise shall be withdrawn from service and properly maintained, or replacement shall be provided,  Utilizing vehicles of BS-IV standards  Idling of vehicles need be reduced and kept at a minimum to reduce vehicular emissions.  Random ambient air quality monitoring shall be done to ensure that significant impacts are being mitigated adequately.  Furthermore, periodical audits need to take place so to check site air quality and workers usage of PPE.  Burning of waste should not be permitted.  Civil works need to halt during strong winds and sandstorms to minimize impacts from dust particulates.  In addition, particulates facial filters usage need be made compulsory for any prolonged outdoor stay at site.  Regular road wetting to avoid the traffic induced dust dispersion and re- suspension.

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9.1.1.3 Land Reclamation  During land reclamation process the site must be regularly watered and kept wet. This is done to avoid dust arising from dried up dredged materials.  No major impact is envisaged on Air Environment during land reclamation process.

9.1.2 Noise Quality Management Plan

 During the construction stage, expected noise levels shall be in the range of 80- 100 dB(A), which would decrease with increase in distance. Hence, all the construction activities shall be carried out during daytime.  To prevent any occupational hazard, ear muff/ear plug shall be given to the workers working around operating facility and machinery emitting high noise level.  Use of plant or machinery shall be strictly prohibited during night hour.  Careful planning of machinery operation and scheduling of operations shall be done to minimize such impact.  It is recommended that the contractor should monitor the noise impacts during construction phase and to ensure it meet the compliance criteria laid down by CPCB/GPCB Noise Standards.  Vehicular noise (eg. Engine noise and Blow horn) should be kept within allowable limits. To ensure this, regular maintenance of vehicles should be done and blow horn only in required areas.  Vehicles should be fitted with silencers to reduce exhaust noise.  Noise from DG sets needs to be kept within standard limits.  All construction activities are to be carried out during day time and avoided during the night.

9.1.3 Water Quality Management Plan

 Adequate supply and storage of water for the whole construction period shall be maintained.

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 Water requirement during construction shall be met through approved water supply source and no groundwater source shall be tapped.  All precautions to minimize the wastage of water in the construction process shall be adopted  Any highly contaminated water to be collected in separate container and to be transported safely to the point of disposal or treatment as per GPCB regulation.  Maintenance of site equipments need to be monitored to make sure that there should not be any oil spill or leakage at site.  Hazardous materials such as fuels, oils and chemical used during the construction phase that have the potential to cause contamination need be managed.  Hazardous chemicals and materials shall be appropriately stored on site and located on an impervious surface. Any accidental spills shall be handled promptly and disposed of in accordance with applicable GPCB standards and regulations.  Hazardous Chemical Storage area shall be clearly labelled with material safety data sheets maintained.  Waste water/ storm water from construction site and other supporting facilities needs to be collected and treated in treatment plant and utilized within the port premises wherever possible. The treated water should meet the CPCB discharge standards.

9.1.4 Soil Quality Management Plan

 Construction materials should be stored on paved surface.  No waste water shall be disposed onto soil environment.  Catch pit should be properly lined with cement, to prevent waste seepage into ground.  Proper handling of construction materials has to be done, to avoid spillage onto soil.  Regular sweeping and watering of roads have to done.

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9.1.5 Waste Management Plan

9.1.5.1 Construction and Demolition Waste  Contractor will be responsible for collection, segregation of concrete, soil and storage of construction and demolition waste generated, as directed or notified by the concerned local authority in consonance with Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016  Contractor shall ensure that other waste (such as solid waste) does not get mixed with this waste and is stored and disposed separately.  Contractors ensure that project generates 20 tons or more waste in one day or 300 tons per project in a month. This waste shall be segregated into streams such as concrete, soil, steel, wood and plastics, bricks and mortar for which waste management plan will be submitted for getting appropriate approvals from the local authority before starting construction or demolition or remodelling work and keep the concerned authorities informed regarding the relevant activities from the planning stage to implementation stage and this should be on project to project basis.  Contractor shall keep the construction and demolition waste within the premise or get the waste deposited at collection centre so made by the local body or handover it to the authorised processing facilities of construction and demolition waste; ensure that there is no littering or deposition of construction and demolition waste so as to prevent obstruction to traffic or public or drains.

9.1.5.2 Hazardous Waste  As per HWM Rules, 2016, waste generator shall follow the hierarchy for management of hazardous waste namely prevention, minimization, reuse, recycling, recovery, utilization and safe disposal.  A safe and environmentally sound management for disposal of hazardous waste must be followed.

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 Hazardous waste generated from the site shall be sent or sold to an authorised vendor or shall be disposed of in an authorised disposal facility in accordance with provisions of HWM Rules 2016.  Waste Generator shall take all steps while managing hazardous waste to Contain contaminants and prevent accidents and limit their consequences on human beings and environment.  Persons working in the site should be given appropriate training, equipment and the information necessary to ensure their safety.

9.2 Terrestrial EMP - Operation Phase

9.2.1 Air Quality Management Plan

As per CPCB Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Fugitive Emissions following measures are proposed to control fugitive dust emissions from port cargo handling operation  Installation of Dry For Dust Suppression Systems at Unloading, Transfer Points, Storage Yard  Dust Suppression System shall be installed to spray water. The amount of water sprayed should preferably be optimized by employing proper design of spray system.  Suitable systems may be adopted to reduce problems like choking, jamming on rotating parts of material handling system  All transfer points shall be appropriately enclosed. The enclosures from all sides with the provision for access doors which shall be kept closed during operation. Spillages shall be periodically removed.  Airborne dust at all transfer operation shall be controlled either by spraying water or by extracting to bag filter.  Either water spray system should be provided for suppressing the air borne dust or dry extraction cum bag filter with adequate extraction volume.  Coal Yard shall be properly earmarked. A board shall be erected to display the area earmarked. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Page 213

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 Pathway to coal yard shall be paved with proper pathways with entry and exit point shall be provided  Using enclosed conveyors or chutes and telescoping arm loaders to reduce spillage and dust; also, minimize the distance between the working face and trucks being loaded to reduce the area that has to be swept/cleaned;  Suspending the unloading and handling operations during unfavourable weather conditions (precipitation, storm) that could, otherwise increase run-off or blowing dust;  Spraying a light mist for dust control during handling operations; however, caution is required to prevent run-off from occurring;  Maintaining pile size/volume consistent with customer demand, transportation schedules and materials cost to reduce the amount of material exposed to weather conditions;  Using dust suppression, bag house and vacuum collecting equipment wherever practical in the handling of fine, granular or powdery material;  Regularly inspecting dry bulk storage piles, facilities and handling equipment to ensure proper operation is being maintained;  Scheduling regular mechanized sweeping of the bulk storage and access/egress areas.  Wash down or spray the underside and tires of trucks transporting dry bulk materials on to public roads to reduce dust.  Utilization of Stacker cum reclaimer for dry bulk cargo handling, to mitigate dust from cargo handling.  The storage yard outside the port boundary is semi-enclosed with wall. The entire yard needs to be properly surrounded with walls and wind screens/ wind barriers upto 5m height.  The cargo stored in the yard is majorly Bauxite hence, water sprinklers cannot be used. Instead impermeable tarpaulin sheets should be used to cover the stored cargo to prevent dust from dispersing and rainwater mixing with cargo creating waste water runoff.

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 3-tier Green Belt needs to be developed around the storage yard to capture any dispersed particulate matter and improve the local ambient air quality.  The green belt will be in the order of small bushes, wide branching shrubs and trees. Only native flora species should be utilized for this purpose.

9.2.2 Noise Control Management Plan

There are three main options for reducing the noise distribution: • Source measures • Propagation measures and • Receiver measures

9.2.2.1 Source Measures Source mitigating measures are the first choice, as they reduce or eliminate noise directly at the source. For example, in terminals the main sound sources are cargo handling equipment, trucks and barges at berth. In port industrial areas a sound source can also be a plant. Usually, the operator is responsible for the source mitigating measures (e.g. cranes, conveyers, straddle carriers) at the terminals and in port industrial areas.

9.2.2.2 Source Mitigation Measures  Covering of sound intensive components with insulation  Reducing structure borne sound radiation  Tyre Pressures  Put source into building or barriers around source  Silent Exhaustion Pipes  Planting Trees as a barrier  Use softer ground where activities allows (e.g., Asphalt)  Low Noise Driving  Silent Equipment  Electricity instead of diesel or diesel electric moving equipment  Development of Barriers and Greenbelt around cargo storage yards.

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9.2.2.3 Propagation Measures A propagation measure is a response that reduces the impact of noise during its path from source to receiver. Classically, this takes the form of a type of physical barrier that attenuates or deflects the noise transmission.  Overall Port design Planning  Infrastructure Planning (road, rail connectivity)  Noise Barriers by bounding roads  Use Noise mapping software as decision support tool  Respect the speed limit inside the port area (setting up traffic speed indicators)  Turn the source so the noise will be directed away from sensitive receptors  Relocation of most noisy activities

9.2.2.4 Receivers Measures Receiver or passive measures may be used in residential areas that protect the inhabitants from noise pollution, especially during the night. Based on calculated or measured outside noise levels, passive noise control measures can be installed. Normally, passive measures will only be carried out if source and propagation measures are not sufficient to reduce the noise pollution in the residential areas.

 Setting up noise barriers between noise sources and dwellings (e.g. screens and buildings)  Increasing the insulation of existing houses  Sound insulating windows  Noise mufflers on ventilators  Decreasing of openings in existing housings  Change attitude via communication  Neighbourhood groups  Introduce community to the port operations, e.g. bring inhabitants into the port and explain about port operations  Ensure proactive communication on changes/incidents/plans

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 Contact person in the port to increase trust

9.2.3 Hazardous and Other Waste Management Plan

The port generated solid and hazardous waste shall be disposed as per the Hazardous and Other Wastes (movement and trans-boundary) Rules, 2016. Solid Waste such as domestic garbage, food waste shall be disposed as per Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016. Details of Waste Category as per process along with quantity and method of disposal is provided in Table 9-1. In line with HWM Rules 2016.

Table 9-1 Details of Hazardous Waste Category, Type & Method of Disposal

S.No. Process Hazardous Wastes Method of Disposal

Industrial Operations using 5.1 Used or spent oil mineral or synthetic oil as Sent to Authorized 5 lubricant in hydraulic 5.2 Waste or residues Recyclers systems or other containing oil(cotton applications waste, oil filter)

33.3 Empty barrels or Sent to recyclers containers or liners or Handling of Hazardous provided with drum 33 contaminated with Chemical and Wastes de-contamination hazardous waste facility chemicals

Waste generated from vessels will be collected by authorized vendors for treatment and disposal. Official circular is attached as Annexure 7.  A Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) needs to be setup within the port to handle sewage generated by various existing and proposed facilities.  Sewage generated from port and its supporting facilities like coast guard office, administration building, security office and additional sanitation facilities needs to be treated in the proposed STP. The treated water will be utilized for development of greenbelt and reused/ recycled in sanitation facilities.  The waste water generated from cargo handling in storage yard, conveyors, vehicle/wheel washing and road wetting needs to be collected and stored in

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settling pits to allow initial settling. This water will then be reused in dust suppression systems and wherever needed.  Since the proposed project site lies across coastal plain, the possibility of implementing rainwater harvesting system within the port area is difficult due to seawater ingress/salinity intrusion in the region. Hence, detailed technical feasibility study on the hydro-geological pattern of the region shall be undertaken to explore possibility of implementing rainwater harvesting within the port premises or utilization of rain water for allied facilities within the port.

9.2.4 Green Belt Development

It is proposed to develop a three tier greenbelt to increase the efficiency of pollution control. The details of three tier plan and native species proposed for greenbelt plantation are as given below Table 9-2 Proposed Greenbelt Development for Pollution Control

S.No Flora Type Species Proposed 1. Small Bushes Hamelia patens, etc. 2. Scrubs Citrus limon, Calotrophis procera, etc. 3. Trees Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, tectona grandis, etc.

Existing and proposed Green Belt development plan for the proposed project is shown in Figure 9-1.

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Figure 9-1 Proposed and existing Green Belt layout for Okha Port

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9.3 Socio Economic Management Plan:

S.No Impact Magnitude Management Plan

Location of Project Site

Less Significant Development of Potential impact on adverse impact due to Infrastructure facilities in 1 the Aesthetic View the proposed the study area to promote expansion project Tourism.

Rehabilitation and 2 Not Applicable - Resettlement

Impact on Construction Phase

Local Employment 3 Generation and Positive Impact - Trade Opportunities

Impact on Ensuring no Archaeological Archaeological important places in the Potential Impact due 4 Important Places – dredging site, through to dredging activity Marine appropriate study by Archaeological reputed organization.

Impact during the Operation Phase  Fisheries Promotion programs under CSR Impact on the  Educating fishermen on 5 Reversible Impact Fisheries the ship movements to avoid conflicts arise due to loss of nets and collusion.

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S.No Impact Magnitude Management Plan

 Effective Oil spill management plan shall be in place  Dust control measures to be taken both at handling 6 Impact on Tourism Reversible Impact and storage places  Infrastructure Development programs to promote Tourism under CSR Impact on Regional 7 and National Positive Impact - Economic

9.3.1 Need Based CSR Development Plan

9.3.1.1 Existing CSR Activities by Gujarat Maritime Board Gujarat Maritime Board implements various social programs for the local community in the region. Some of the activity that has been carried out in the recent years is presented in Table 9-3. Table 9-3 Existing CSR activity of GMB at Okha S.No Activity Cost in Crore 1 Passenger Ferry service from Okha to Beyt Dwarka (1.5 to 2 lakh peoples / year) in 2005 for pilgrimage movement 5.80 and local people movement 2 Ambulance facility for Okha Town 0.12 3 Sanitation facility near existing passenger Jetty at Okha and Beyt- 0.03 Dwarka 4 108 Boat ambulance services for rescue activity at Okha for 0.15 fishermen

Gujarat maritime board as a statuary body of Government of Gujarat executes various CSR activities across the Gujarat cost. Some of the activities are providing ambulance facility, sanitation facility, fishing harbour construction etc.,

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9.3.1.2 Proposed CSR Activitie Gujarat Maritime Board has planned to implement various projects under CSR for the year 2018 to 2021 and presented in Table 9-4. Table 9-4 Proposed CSR activity of GMB for the Year 2018 to 2021 S.No Activity Cost in Crore 1 Mangraol Fishery Harbour at Veraval, Gujarat 59 2 Navabandhar Fishery Harbour at Verval, Gujarat 79.22

9.3.2 Felt Needs based on Primary Survey and Socioeconomic Indicators

 None of the rural households are accessed to proper sanitation facilities. Promotion of Sanitation facilities either community level or household level can be developed under CSR program.  Drinking water is the major concern in the entire study area. The major portion of the study area is surrounded by ocean making the ground water mostly saline in nature and not fit for domestic consumption. The Drinking water is supplied to the villages in a frequency of 10 to 25 days once either by Piped water supplied by Municipality or tankers supplied through private agencies. Providing Safe Drinking water supply to the villagers can be taken as part of CSR program  Though the study area is a famous tourist attraction and visited by thousands of domestic and international tourist. Most of the rural and urban roads needs repair. Promotion of Roads can be taken as part of CSR program.  About 70% of the fishermen involved in fishing in the study area are migrant workers from the neighbouring districts and from other coastal states. Majority of these fishermen are labours and poor. Fishermen livelihood promotion programs can be imparted as part of CSR program.  Infrastructure development programs in the study area will promote tourism in the region.

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10 PROJECT BENEFITS

It is an expansion of existing port facility designed to provide a dedicated berthing facility for Indian coast Guard and also additional berthing facility for cargo handling barges, this is focused strengthening the security of the country by developing coast guard infrastructure and also on tackling the overall increase in cargo handling capacity of the port respectively. The total estimated project cost is around Rs.107.76 Crore. This will have cascading positive impact on surrounding port infrastructure in terms of physical, social infrastructure and improving the employment potential at the local and regional level.

10.1 Improvements in Physical Infrastructure

Okha is connected by road to Jamnagar and Porbander by State Highway 6A and State Highway 6B. National Highway (NH-8E) passes through the district of Jamnagar, connecting Somnath – Porbander – Dwarka. NH 8E is located at 30KM away from Dwarka and by Rail Network. There are about 5 Administrative Divisions which include 3 Revenue Villages, one Municipality (Okha) and one Census Town (Mithapur). As per the document published by Gujarat Government under Vibrant Gujarat, Modernization of Okha Port is proposed to strengthen the existing infrastructure of road and rail connectivity to the port and port city. Fresh water is supplied through tankers and piped drinking water supply is provided through Panchayat and Municipality. Infrastructure for providing drinking water distribution and supply shall be further strengthened. Sanitation Facilities, Tele communication and Data Transmission networks, Medical Centres shall be the focus areas for improvement in terms of physical infrastructure of the Okha Port City.

10.2 Improvements in Social Infrastructure

Majority of the population dependent on fishing as their main source of economic activity followed by labour works, tourism, transportation, trade, agriculture and business. According to Census 2011, the major commodities produced in the study area are Raw Bauxite, Soda Ash, Salt, Cement, etc and agriculture products produced are

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Pearl millet, Sorghum, Groundnut, Vegetables, etc. The Reclaimed area will be utilized for beautifications purpose near passenger jetty; this will cause many social interactions and money inflow due the proposed activities like construction of passenger waiting hall, recreational area etc. Tourists who visit the Beyt Dwarka temple board from this passenger jetty, the additional amenities proposed in this area will facilitate in easy commute of the tourists resulting in improved tourism and livelihood status.

10.3 Employment Potential – skilled, Semi-skilled and Un-skilled

It is estimated that the employment potential due to this proposed expansion in the form of direct and in-direct employment will be around 150 personnel. The proposed activities will require work force during both construction and operation phases. Work force in the category of Engineers, plumbers, electricians, civil workers, sweepers, gardeners, sanitation workers etc, comes under direct employment. The area proposed for beautification will be a potential ground for vendors to setup shops and to meet the requirements of the increased work force (port employed personnel) installations like hotels, shops etc will be setup and hiring of external vendors for handling solid wastes, hazardous waste, liquid waste, treatment of sewage generated from port activities are categorized under indirect employment. Many direct and indirect stakeholders will be benefited from the proposed port expansion as port development leads to industrialization and employment generation. The incremental rate of tourism due the backup area near passenger jetty will also be an additional source of income for fishermen and boat owners who provide ferry services from Okha to Beyt Dwarka and back. On an overall view the increased income from the employment and business generated due to the proposed port development will benefit and uplift the livelihood, standard of living of the local residents.

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11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Okha port is an all weather intermediate port in Okha Town of Okhamandal Tehsil, Devbhumi Dwarka District, Gujarat. The port is geographically situated in the north- west coast of Saurashtra Peninsula, at the mouth of Gulf of Kutch on the West Coast of India. It is one among the 10 port groups under Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB) administration. The port is under operation even before independence and has obtained Consolidated Consent & Authorization (CCA) for handling 6MTPA of dry bulk cargoes, which is valid upto 2018. GMB has planned to provide a dedicated berthing facility and other supporting amenities for Indian Coast Guard. Due to the increasing cargo demand in the region GMB has also planned to increase cargo handling capacity of the Okha port by extending the existing lighter wharf. The cargo handling capacity is proposed to be increased from 6 to 10 MTPA. Dredging is proposed in the jetty construction area and approach channel, this dredged material will be utilized for reclamation of port’s backup area for providing supporting amenities and beautification facilities for Coast guard and Passenger jetty. Since the cargo handling capacity of the port is more than 5 MTPA, the projects falls under category ‘A’ as per EIA Notification 2006 which calls for prior Environmental Clearance. The proposed project activity is located within the CRZ as per the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification 2011 hence it necessitates CRZ clearance.

The Port facility only handles dry bulk cargo and the proposed berth will also handle the same. Major cargo handled in Okha Port is Coal, Limestone and Bauxite. Govind Ghat is a Lighter wharf of length 100m. To facilitate the increase in cargo and barge traffic, GMB has decided to increase the length of lighterage wharf by another 40x15.45m on the northern edge. The proposed extension of Lighter wharf (Govind ghat) is designed to be RCC Jetty of 40m length and the transit cargo will be stored in backup area behind existing wharf. The water requirement of the port is being supplied by Gadechi Water Works and power requirements are met by Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited (PGVCL). The port’s future demand for water and power will also be met by the respective providers.

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One season terrestrial and marine monitoring has been carried out to understand the baseline environmental conditions of the study area. The study area is the region covering 10 km radial distance from the project site’s boundary. The primary baseline monitoring was carried out from Dec 2017 to Mar 2018 for various environmental components like Ambient Air Quality (AAQ), site specific meteorology, ambient noise, surface water quality, ground water quality, soil quality, socio-economic environment, diversity of terrestrial flora and fauna and their abundance, quality of marine water, marine sediment, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Benthic Communities. The study area comprises of Marine National Parks, Marine Sanctuaries and various marine ecosystems. Land Use /Land Cover study for the study area indicated that Crop land is the major class composing 18.21 % of the study area. A special study has been carried out for assessing Terrestrial and Marine Ecological conditions within the study area and the report has been submitted to Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE) for assessment.

The environmental impacts that could arise due to the proposed project activities will result from both construction and operation phases. These impacts will have an effect on the physico-chemical, biological and socio-economic environment. Air and Noise modeling was done to assess the level of impact on the surrounding environment due to cargo handling and the traffic assessment study was done to analyze the existing road carrying capacity and adequacy for the existing and proposed cargo handling capacity. All the possible impacts that may arise due to the proposed project are discussed in detail and their respective mitigations measures are proposed to reduce the magnitude of impact on the surrounding environment.

Environment Monitoring Plan is prepared for the proposed activity to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures for all the environmental aspects by regular monitoring. The environmental monitoring plan is proposed for all the environmental parameters during the construction as well as the operation phases.

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The EIA study includes additional studies such as Risk Assessment, Disaster management Plan and CRZ study. Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Study are done to analyze possible man-made and natural process for which a suitable management plan was prepared. Public consultation is also done as part of the EIA study for understanding the perspective of the local community and stakeholders on the proposed project activity and address issues if any. Development of Okha Port will aid in economic growth of the region as well the nation in terms of import/export, industrialization and navigation. The benefits due to proposed Okha Port development to the local community in terms of increased tourism, recreational areas, livelihood, living standards, employment and income are also discussed.

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is developed to counteract the impacts that are caused due to the proposed project activity during both construction and operation phases. EMP is developed for Air quality, Noise quality, Water quality, Soil quality, Marine water, Marine Sediment, Terrestrial, Marine Ecology, Solid and Hazardous waste, Sewage, Greenbelt development and Community. These plans are developed to comply with the standard limits prescribed by CPCB to minimize/ reduce the impacts on various environmental aspects due to the proposed project activity.

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Based on the proposed project activities various impacts and mitigation measures have been discussed in above sections. A summary of all those points are presented in Table 11-1. Table 11-1 Project activities and Environmental aspects

Type of S.No Process Medium Activity Impact Result Mitigation Measure Impact Emission from dredger engine Ambient Air Regular vessel Human Health Air exhaust and piling of Quality Temporary maintenance and proper impact, dredged material for degradation dredge material handling long-time Increased Suspended sediment concentration and Turbidity. Water quality and Release of Heavy ecosystem Species Population Deploying Silt curtains and metals or toxins from degradation, decreases or Water Permanent boom around the dredging 1 Dredging substrata. Destruction species habitat extinction, loss of area. of Species Habitant loss. livelihood Reduced sun light penetration affects photosynthetic activities. Providing ear muffs to Noise quality employees at site. Human health Noise Vessel Operation degradation, Temporary Dredging will happen only issues, Species loss Species migration during daytime and not at night

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Type of S.No Process Medium Activity Impact Result Mitigation Measure Impact Mechanizing the entire Fugitive dust cargo handling process. Ambient Air emission from cargo, Human Health Proper repair works and Air Quality Permanent vessel movement and impact, regular maintenance of degradation handling machinery Vessels/Machinery. Installing Dust screens. Proper repair works and regular maintenance of Vessels/Machinery. Mechanized cargo handling. Spillage of cargo and Marine food chain Cargo handling Marine water Spill absorbing material 2 Water oil leakage from gets affected, Temporary at Wharf pollution shall be made available at machinery/vessel species intoxication project site Oil spill collection tray shall be provided at potential oil leak source if any. Proper repair works and Barge Operation, regular maintenance of Species migration, Cargo handling Noise quality Vessels/Machinery. Use of Noise human hearing Temporary machinery engine degradation Earmuffs and Earplugs by impact noise employees to prevent any hearing loss.

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Type of S.No Process Medium Activity Impact Result Mitigation Measure Impact Spraying water on dusty Human Health cargo to prevent emission, Ambient Air problems and Installing Dust screens, Dusty dry bulk cargo Air Quality environmental Permanent proper handling of cargo, stacking and storing degradation impact, cargo dust reducing cargo dropping settling on plants height, covering cargo with tarpaulin sheets. Noise quality Human health Mechanizing cargo Noise Machinery Operation Temporary degradation issues handling operations. Water runoff from Plants growth and cargo storage yards, Soil quality health of soil Stacking cargo on paved Soil Permanent storing cargo on degradation microbes will be impermeable surface. Cargo Storage unpaved surfaces affected. 3 in open Stock Waste water runoff Yard from cargo storage yards, cargo stored on unpaved surfaces and waste water from Water Quality cleaning machinery Treating waste water deterioration, Human health gets disposed onto soil before reuse in DSS and Water human health gets affected. Loss of Permanent may leach into soil providing proper drainage affected. Death of species and affect ground system. marine species. water table or direct disposal into drains or surface water bodies and sea contaminating it.

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Type of S.No Process Medium Activity Impact Result Mitigation Measure Impact Covering trucks carrying Fugitive dust and CO , x Ambient Air Impact on human cargo with tarpaulin NO , SO emission Air x x Quality health, pollution of Temporary sheets, regular vehicle from truck exhaust degradation environment maintenance to keep and dust from cargo. emission within standards. Impact on flora, Spillage of dusty cargo Soil strata gets Cargo Soil fauna and human Temporary onto soil polluted 4 Transportation health Covering trucks with by Truck Dust entering water Impact on flora, tarpaulin sheets. sources through Contamination of Water fauna and human leachate, settlement water health and runoff Maintaining truck speed Truck movement and Noise quality Disturbance in Noise Temporary within limits and regular engine noise degradation ambiance truck maintenance. Reclamation Dust from dry and deposition materials. Beautification Exhaust from Keep the pit area wet until Ambient Air Disturbance in 5 (Civil Air machinery. Temporary completion of reclamation Quality ambience Construction Fugitive Dust from work Works) of Sea construction and pit materials.

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Type of S.No Process Medium Activity Impact Result Mitigation Measure Impact Noise from No work should be done Machinery, during night times, it reclamation process, Noise quality Disturbance in Noise Temporary should be ensured that all construction degradation ambience works are done during day equipments and time. Miscellaneous noise. Installation of dust Fugitive dust suppression screen around emission from Ambient Air construction site and Disturbance in Air Construction Quality Temporary materials storage area, the ambiance materials and degradation area should be kept clean equipments. to avoid dust being blown Construction of away. ICG jetty and All construction works 6 Extension of Noise from Noise quality Disturbance in should be done during Noise Temporary Lighter Wharf construction site degradation ambiance daytime and none during night time. Storing of Stacking cargo on paved construction impermeable surface. Soil materials on unpaved Soil contamination Temporary Disposal of waste water in surfaces, disposal of proper manner. waste water onto soil

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Type of S.No Process Medium Activity Impact Result Mitigation Measure Impact Piling causes Increased Suspended sediment concentration and Turbidity. Water Chances of Release of contamination, Heavy metals or ecosystem Species Migration toxins from substrata. Sheet Piling around the Water degradation and and loss of Permanent Destruction of Species drilling locations. species habitat biodiversity Habitant. loss. Spillage of Concrete

and Oil used during construction and piling into marine water.

Installation of dust suppression screen around stack yard. Spraying water Fugitive dust on dusty cargo to prevent Enhanced cargo Ambient Air emission from cargo, Human Health emission, proper handling 7 handling Air Quality vessel movement and impact, of cargo, reducing cargo capacity at port degradation handling machinery dropping height, covering cargo with sheets. Mechanization of Cargo handling.

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Type of S.No Process Medium Activity Impact Result Mitigation Measure Impact Spill absorbing material shall be made available at project site Spillage of cargo and Marine food chain Marine water Oil spill collection tray Water oil leakage from gets affected, Temporary pollution shall be provided at machinery/vessel species intoxication potential oil leak source if any. Deploying boom around handling area. Barge Operation, Species migration, All activities should be Cargo handling Noise quality Noise human hearing done during daytime and machinery and engine degradation impact none during night time. noise

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12 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

EMP costs were determined based on the proposed activities envisaged. The activities that are planned during construction and operation phase have been assessed for techno-economic feasibility for implementation. Details of cost-breakup is as follow

S.No. Activities Cost (Rs.in Lakhs)

1. Dry Fog Dust Suppression System 10

2. Wind Barrier – Structural 20

3. Storm Water Drainage and Catch Basin 20

4. Dust Containment for Material Handling System 30

5. Air Pollution Control System (bag-filters) 15

6. Green Belt Development 10

7. Noise Control Measures 3

8. Hazardous Waste Storage Facility 3

9. Training of Manpower 1

10. Environmental Lab Set-up 10

11. Maintenance of Air Pollution Control System 5

12. Truck Mounted Vacuum Cleaning System 20 Dedicated STP and improving sanitation facilities for 13 30 the port premises Total 177

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13 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

As part of EIA Notification 2006, the disclosures of consultants engaged in conduction of field studies and preparation of EIA Reports should be presented in the report. M/s.Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited, is a NABET-QCI Accredited Consultant Organization is the principal EIA consultant appointed for the proposed project on “Development of Coast Guard Jetty and allied facilities within existing Okha port, Okha, District-Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat”.

13.1 Brief Profile of the EIA Consultant

Established in year 1994, Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited (CMSRSL) offers comprehensive Risk management & Engineering solutions in field of Safety, Health, Environment and Insurance Support. The company has pioneered many innovative and specialized services catering to the needs of Asian & European markets for last 19 years. CMSRSL has successfully executed more than 2000 projects (Domestic/International) which not only helped organizations maintain compliance but also optimize their EHS performance and set new benchmarks. CMSRSL is an ISO 9001:2008 certified company and was also declared “Risk Manager of the Year” in Asian Insurance Industry Awards. Till date, CMSRSL is the only Indian company to be approved as Safety Consultants by Kuwait Oil Company under section 31s. Recently, CMSRSL has also collaborated with Process Map Infotech to launch first ever World Class Compliance and Risk Management EHS Software Platform in India. The organization has developed a strong partnership across Asia which includes collaboration with likes of NAPESCO [Kuwait], Honeywell Automation [India] and Exida Technologies (Singapore). The organization has a pan Asia presence with multiple offices in India besides partner offices in Singapore and Kuwait. Chola MS Risk Services Limited is a joint venture between US $3.14 Billion Murugappa Group, India and Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group, Japan and also has a technical collaboration with Inter Risk, a group company of Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group.

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CMSRL consists of six consulting domains such as environmental engineering and management, process safety, fire safety, electrical safety, construction safety and logistics risk assessment. For more information please visit http: www.cholarisk.com

13.2 Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study

Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study, for the proposed project is presented below S.No. Name Role in the EIA Study EIA Coordinator – Ports & Harbours (Sector 33). Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Air Pollution Prevention, 1 Mr. D. Ravishankar Monitoring and Control Functional Area Expert FAE – Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling and Prediction Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Water Pollution Prevention, 2 Mr. V.S.Bhaskar Control & Prediction of Impacts Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Noise / Vibration Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Risk & Hazards Management Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Land Use, Hydrology, Ground 3 Dr.T.P.Natesan Water & Water Conservation 4 Dr. T.Balakrishnan Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Ecology and Biodiversity 5 Ms. Sathya. S Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Municipal Solid Waste 6 Mr. Rajesh Verma Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Socio Economics 7 Mr. C S Karthick Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Socio Economics Functional Area Associate (FAA)- Air Quality Modelling and 8 Mr. PRS Kamesh Prediction, Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts 9 Mr. S Pavala Rajan Functional Area Associate (FAE) – Land Use & Land Cover 10 Mr. C Rajadurai Functional Area Associate (FAA) – Land Use & Land Cover Functional Area Associate (FAA)- Air Pollution Prevention, 11 Ms. C Priyanka Monitoring and Control, Land Use & Land Cover

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13.3 External Labs/Agencies involved in EIA Study

S. No Name of Lab/Agencies Responsible Activities Baseline Environmental data – Ambient air, M/s. Chennai Testing Laboratory Pvt. Meteorology, Water, Soil, Noise and Marine 1 Ltd., Chennai water & sediment sampling & analysis of Samples as per MoEF Guidelines. National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Zone Management (NCSCM), Ministry 2 CRZ Mapping as per CRZ Notification 2011. of Environment, Anna University, Chennai Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology Reputed Institution for Upgrading the 3 (GUIDE), Gujarat, India Ecology section of the EIA Report

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