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2015 Consortium Research Reports Northwest Potato Research Consortium Cooperative Effort of the Potato Commissions of ID, OR, & WA Current Projects -- Growing year 2014, Commission fiscal year 2014-15 http://nwpotatoresearch.com/ (**Contact information for each scientist is listed at the end of this document.**) Pests and Pest Management Research ZC/Potato Psyllid Research Evaluation of potato insect pest management programs Alan Schreiber (ADG, Inc.), Erik Wenninger (U of I), Silvia Rondon & Stuart Reitz (OSU), Tim Waters (WSU) OBJECTIVES: 1. Generate efficacy data on products/programs for control of potato psyllids. 2. Examine the effects of insecticides that target potato psyllid on chemical control strategies for other insect pests. 3. Determine if potato psyllid control foments outbreaks of other insect pests. 4. Determine the effect of potato psyllid control on natural enemies. Comparative biology of potato psyllid haplotypes and implications for Northwest potato growers Dave Horton, Joe Munyaneza, Rodney Cooper, Kylie Swisher (USDA-ARS) OBJECTIVES: 1. Examine overwintering biology of haplotypes. 2. Bittersweet nightshade as an alternate host. 3. Examine vector efficiency of haplotypes. 4. Develop means for visually separating haplotypes on yellow sticky cards. Population genetics of the potato psyllid in the inland Northwest Bill Snyder, Zhen "Daisy" Fu (WSU) OBJECTIVES: 1. Working with the WSU core genomics facility, sequence the entire genome of a representative of a population of northwest psyllids. 2. Use the RAD-tag approach to determine relatedness among psyllids collected from potato and nightshade, across collection points in WA, OR and ID. 3. Determine whether distinct genetic groups that we have identified differ in their likelihood of carrying the zebra chip pathogen, and whether these groups exist in different parts of the inland northwest. Quantifying effects of vector density and time of infection on ZC disease development and tuber physiology both at harvest and during storage Erik Wenninger, Nora Olsen, Mike Thornton, Phil Nolte, Phill Wharton, Arash Rashed, Alex Karasev (U of I), Jeff Miller (Miller Research) OBJECTIVE Quantify effects of vector density and time of infection on ZC disease development and tuber physiology both at harvest and during storage (2014- 2015). Root-Knot and other Nematode Research The impact of changes in crop rotation on nematode communities and Telone II effectiveness in potato cropping systems Saad Hafez (U of I) OBJECTIVES: 1. Evaluate the efficacy of onion culls and waste as a natural biofumigant for the management of root-knot nematode (2013-2016). 2. Survey nematode communities in different crop rotation systems (2013- 2016) 3. Evaluate the influence of different rotation crops on the effectiveness of Telone II against Columbia root-knot nematode (2012-2016) 4. Evaluate management of Columbia root-knot, root-lesion, and stubby root nematodes using new chemistries and new numbered compounds (2013- 2016) 5. Evaluate the efficacy of new green manure cultivars of mustard and oil radish for management of root-knot nematode (2013-2015) 6. Combination of green manure crops and chemical nematicides for management of root-knot nematode (2013-2016) Cyst Nematode Research Eradication strategies for Globodera pallida: hatching factors Louise Marie Dandurand (U of I), Roy Navarre & Inga Zasada (USDA-ARS), Russ Ingham (OSU) OBJECTIVES 1. Assess activity of root diffusates and partially/fully purified hatching factors (HF) from roots of potato and other non-host plants. 2. Conduct host assays of non-solanaceous plants that stimulate hatch to determine whether the plants are hosts for G. ellingtonae and G. pallida. 3. Test sources of HF (i.e. culled potatoes, waster effluent of potato) to provide commercially relevant HFs. Functional Genomics of Solanum sisymbriifolium (Litchi Tomato) Immunity for PCN Eradication Louise Marie Dandurand, Joe Kuhl (U of I), Inga Zasada & Chuck Brown (USDA-ARS) OBJECTIVES: 1. Characterize the symptoms associated with nematode infection in litchi tomato (LT) or potato. Determine whether the defense reaction in litchi tomato is through a systemic inhibitor or through localized cell death. 2. Compare nematode gene expression in potato and litchi tomato to identify genes involved in PCN immunity in LT. Contrast gene expression in potato or litchi tomato and identify candidate genes for transfer to potato: for example genes encoding resistance proteins (R genes) and Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR); some novel immunity genes may also be discovered. 3. Develop interspecific hybrids and production of PCN susceptible backcross progeny as a basis for identifying genes involved in resistance to G. pallida. Eradication strategies for Globodera pallida: use of trap crops Louise Marie Dandurand & Pam Hutchinson (U of I), Roy Navarre, Inga Zasada, Chuck Brown (USDA-ARS), Russ Ingham (OSU) OBJECTIVES: 1. Optimize field management strategies for the PCN and Ge trap crop S. sisymbriifolium. Specifically, determine how to manage in-season, and kill at the termination of the growth season to prevent spread. 2. Use a recurrent selection population method to achieve a fast germinating, fast growing, slow flowering semi-sterile LT with effective pale cyst nematode eradicating properties. Select for rapid germination without gibberellic acid treatment and measure progress and heritability after one cycle of selection in an offshoot population. Determine the optimal setup for seed production with commercial bumblebee hives. 3. Quantify the effect of the selections of the potential trap crop on PCN and Ge population density. 4. Assess the efficacy of LT in infested fields. 5. Determine the relationship between G. ellingtonae egg density at planting and potato yield under field conditions. Potato Virus Research Identification of genetic determinants of tuber necrosis and virulence in recombinant PVY (PVYNTN) Alex Karasev, Mohamad Chikh Ali (U of I) OBJECTIVES: 1. Design and assemble chimeric genomes between PVYNTN and genomes of other PVY isolates inducing and not inducing PTNRD, i.e. PVYNA-N, PVYN-Wi, PVYO, and others. 2. Screen all chimeric genomes for PTNRD induction, identify genetic determinants responsible for PTNRD. Develop diagnostic tests for PTNRD determinant of PVY. 3. Screen all chimeric genomes on potato cultivars with PVY resistance genes, identify genetic determinants involved in PVY resistance. Develop diagnostic tests. Survey of PVY strain types in PNW potato Alex Karasev & Phil Nolte (U of I), Chris Benedict (WSU) OBJECTIVES: 1. Collect all PVY-positive samples identified by ELISA during the winter grow-out tests, and type them to strain using our RT-PCR methodology. 2. Create a combination of maps and charts indicating distribution of PVY strains based on geography and potato cultivars, identify a pattern of distribution for ordinary strain (PVYO) and necrotic strains (PVYNTN and PVYWi). 3. Based on the observed patterns of PVY strain distribution, develop recommendations for the seed potato industry, focusing on elimination of recombinant PVY strains in potato cultivars. Addressing new threats in the Northwest (PMTV) Alex Karasev & Phil Nolte (U of I), Phil Hamm (OSU) OBJECTIVE: Produce PMTV-specific antisera for reliable ELISA detection of the virus in tubers. Surveillance for PVY strain types in Washington and Oregon potato seed lot trials Alex Karasev (U of I), Phil Hamm (OSU) OBJECTIVES: 1. Collect all mosaic-positive samples identified during the potato seed lot trials in Washington and Oregon, and type them to strain using our ELISA and RT-PCR methodology and determine symptoms induced in tobacco since strains of PVY have been categorized in the past by the reaction on tobacco. Identify and characterize necrotic, PTNRD strains of PVY. 2. Locate origin for these necrotic PVY strains using seed lot data, and collaboratively work with certification agencies and/or specific growers to help reduce infection. Production of virus-free potato lines and screening for PVY resistance genes in PNW cultivars Alex Karasev & Joe Kuhl (U of I), Aymeric Goyer & Sagar Sathuvalli (OSU) OBJECTIVES: 1. Screen the crosses between Yukon Gem X Russet Norkotah and Yukon Gem X King Edward for resistance against all five main strain groups of PVY found in Idaho (PVYO, PVYN, PVYNA-N, PVYNTN, PVYN-Wi). 2. Determine the segregation ratio of HR resistance genes present in Yukon Gem on cultivar performance, when exposed to typical PNW PVY strains. 3. Identify molecular markers/genes that are associated with PVY resistance in Yukon Gem, Premier Russet, and Rio Grande that will be used by potato breeders to develop new varieties with more robust resistance to PVY for growers of the Pacific Northwest. Plant Pathology Research Managing Verticillium wilt and black dot of potato – two contributors of early dying Dennis Johnson (WSU), Phil Hamm (OSU), Lyndon Porter (USDA-ARS), Jeff Miller (Miller Research) OBJECTIVES: 1. Quantify infection and microsclerotia development of potato and non- potato strains of V. dahliae in crops potentially used in rotation with potato and of weeds associated with potato production. 2. Quantify V. dahliae, C. coccodes and potentially beneficial soil fungi in commercial field soil where field corn and other crop residue is and is not incorporated into soil with an Imants soil spader. 3. Determine the effects of the wild potato species, Solanum sisymbriifolium, and commercial sunflower on populations of Verticillium dahliae, Colletotrichum coccodes and the powdery scab pathogen in soil.
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