O Salto Com Vara Na Escola: Subsídios Para O Seu Ensino a Partir De Uma Perspectiva Histórica

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O Salto Com Vara Na Escola: Subsídios Para O Seu Ensino a Partir De Uma Perspectiva Histórica FERNANDO PAULO ROSA DE FREITAS O SALTO COM VARA NA ESCOLA: SUBSÍDIOS PARA O SEU ENSINO A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Motricidade Humana. DRA. SARA QUENZER MATTHIESEN (ORIENTADORA) RIO CLARO 2009 FERNANDO PAULO ROSA DE FREITAS O SALTO COM VARA NA ESCOLA: SUBSÍDIOS PARA O SEU ENSINO A PARTIR DE UMA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Motricidade Humana. Comissão examinadora ___________________________________ Profª. Drª. Irene Conceição Andrade Rangel _____________________ Prof. Dr. Nelson Prudêncio ____________________________ Profª. Drª. Sara Quenzer Matthiesen Rio Claro, 23 de março de 2009 DEDICATÓRIA A minha filha Nicole, razão maior de nossa vida. AGRADECIMENTOS - À estimada Profª. Drª. Sara Quenzer Matthiesen, pela oportunidade e orientação. - Aos Professores Doutores Irene Rangel e Nelson Prudêncio, integrantes da banca avaliadora, pela honra e privilégio de terem aceitado esse convite. - Aos Professores Doutores da Unesp, que, em suas disciplinas, dividiram comigo muito mais do que o conhecimento. De cada um, uma forte lembrança: Sara – responsabilidade; Tati – carinho; Suraya – amizade; Afonso – força; Samuel – solidariedade; Dagmar – gentileza; Gisele: simpatia; Emerick – juventude; Lorenzeto – generosidade; Wilson – competência. Aprendi muito com todos. - Aos funcionários da Unesp, por toda a ajuda e atenção. - Aos companheiros de curso, das disciplinas e do GEPPA, pelos bons momentos e pelas conquistas que alcançamos juntos. - Aos amigos da D.E. de Limeira, Liliane Tank e todo pessoal do “Bolsa Mestrado”. - A todos os professores, colegas de profissão e, em especial, ao amigo Germano. - Às entidades e amigos que colaboraram com imagens e informações para esta pesquisa: Centro Pró-Memória Hans Nobiling do E.C. Pinheiros; Bar do Mané e Zélia, de Guaratinguetá; Prof. Gilberto Bortoloci e Sinibaldo Gerbasi. - À supervisão, direção, coordenação, funcionários e professores da E.E. Prof. Odilon Corrêa, por compartilharem comigo este espaço de trabalho e esperança. - A todos os alunos, em especial, à 8ª serie 3 de 2008, pela participação nota 10. - Ao Ivan: de bom aluno a amigo de confiança e trabalho. - À Dra. Márcia Casella (in memoriam); amiga; professora e exemplo de fé. - Ao meu pai, Paulo, pela força de seu trabalho, à minha mãe, Miriam, pelo exemplo de honestidade e a saudosa Tia Lídia. - À minha mulher Carla, meu amor. - Finalmente, a Deus, o Verdadeiro Mestre. Em todas as histórias da minha vida, somente o Senhor dividiu comigo cada momento. Peço Pai, que abençoe a todos esses queridos e aos outros que, de alguma forma, compartilharam dessa caminhada. P.S. A Napoleão: sub-mestre neste mesmo trabalho, pelas muitas horas de fiel companhia sob a mesa de trabalho. RESUMO Oriundo de atividades realizadas na natureza, o salto com vara, até chegar à forma esportiva pela qual é conhecido atualmente, passou por diversas modificações que merecem ser conhecidas. A fim de disseminar esse conhecimento em aulas de Educação Física, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a possibilidade e as contribuições do ensino do salto com vara a partir de sua história, no campo escolar. Após ampla pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a história do salto com vara, foi organizado um texto concentrando informações e imagens sobre os principais atletas e marcas, bem como sobre as modificações ocorridas nas técnicas e nos implementos dessa prova. Numa segunda etapa, foram elaboradas oito aulas de Educação Física visando o ensino do salto com vara na escola. Com base na pesquisa-ação, a aplicação das aulas com uma turma de 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Pública da cidade de Rio Claro, demonstrou a viabilidade do ensino do salto com vara a partir de sua história. Espera-se que os resultados provenientes da pesquisa bibliográfica e das aulas de aplicação possam subsidiar o trabalho de outros professores de Educação Física, interessados no ensino do salto com vara na escola. Palavras – Chave: Salto com vara; História; Educação Física Escolar; Atletismo. ABSTRACT Stemming from activities accomplished in the nature, the pole vault, until reaching the sporting pattern as it is known nowadays, passed through several modifications that deserve to be known. In order to disseminate that knowledge in Physical Education Classes, this research had as a purpose verify the possibility and the pole vault teaching contributions from its history on, in the school field. After wide bibliographical research on the pole vault history, a text was organized centralizing information and images on the main athletes and marks, as well as on the modifications happened in that proof techniques and implements. In a second stage, eight Physical Education Classes were elaborated taking aim the pole vault teaching at school. Based on the action research, the classes application in the 8th series group at Fundamental Education belonging to a Public School in Rio Claro city, showed the pole vault teaching viability from its history on. We expect that the proceeding results from the bibliographical research and from the application classes can subsidize the work belonging to other Physical Education teachers interested in the pole vault teaching at school. Key Words: Pole vault; History; School Physical Education; Athletics. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Página Figura 1: Salto de Gilberto Bortoloci em Pedreira – SP ........................................ 30 Figura 2: Prof. Gilberto Bortoloci auxilia aluno durante aula ................................ 31 Figura 3: Salto com vara sobre cavalos ............................................................... 47 Figura 4: O salto sobre touros realizado na Ilha de Creta .................................... 47 Figura 5: Em um anel, o registro do salto sobre touros em Creta ........................ 48 Figura 6: “Salto de la Garrocha”, gravura da série “tauromaquia”, de Goya ........ 48 Figura 7: “Recortador” salta sobre touro .............................................................. 49 Figura 8: O “salto de la garrocha” atual ................................................................ 49 Figura 9: Ânfora grega retratando o salto com vara sobre cavalos ...................... 50 Figura 10: No Wushu, há golpes combinados com o salto com vara .................... 51 Figura 11: Desfile de abertura dos Jogos Tailteanos de 1928 ............................. 52 Figura 12: Cercas de pedra em paisagem britânica ............................................. 54 Figura 13: Fazendeiro holandês com uma vara de saltos (final século XIX) ........ 55 Figura 14: A origem do fierldjeppen ..................................................................... 55 Figura 15: Vista aérea de uma competição de fierldjeppen ................................. 55 Figura 16: Passagem inglesa sobre a barra em posição sentada ........................ 57 Figura 17: Johann Bernhard Basedow ................................................................. 58 Figura 18: Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths ............................................... 58 Figura 19: Rara ilustração do salto com vara do livro de GutsMuths ................... 58 Figura 20: Salto com vara em uma rua de Canistota – Dakota do Sul ................. 59 Figura 21: William Welles-Hoyt, o primeiro campeão olímpico da prova .............. 60 Figura 22: Atividades na natureza ......................................................................... 61 Figura 23: Lenço marca o salto em distância ........................................................ 61 Figura 24: Sequência completa e descrição das fases do salto com vara ............ 62 Figura 25: Hugo Svenson salta 3,28 metros, na Suécia, em 1911 ........................ 63 Figura 26: O estilo arco de M.S.Wright ................................................................ 64 Figura 27: O estilo voador de Charles Hoff ........................................................... 64 Figura 28: Albert Tyler com uma vara de madeira, em 1896 ................................ 65 Figura 29: Jogos Olímpicos de 1900: varas de bambu ......................................... 65 Figura 30: Imagem da prova em 1900 .................................................................. 65 Figura 31: Cornelius Warmerdam, “The Dutch” ..................................................... 67 Figura 32: Vista superior e lateral da caixa metálica do encaixe ........................... 68 Figura 33: Don Bragg, recordista mundial com vara de metal ............................. 69 Figura 34: Atleta prepara uma área de queda, no ano de 1910 ............................ 70 Figura 35: Área de queda na década de 1930 ..................................................... 71 Figura 36: Jogos Olímpicos de 1948: caixa de areia ............................................. 71 Figura 37: Bob Richards em 1952 ........................................................................ 72 Figura 38: Área de queda na vila olímpica de Melbourne, 1956 .......................... 72 Figura 39: Área de queda dos Jogos Olímpicos de Melbourne, em 1956 ............. 72 Figura 40: Área de queda feita com serragem e cercada por fardos de feno ...... 73 Figura 41: Área improvisada com
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