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El Chigüiro Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris En La Orinoquía Colombiana: Ecología, Manejo Sostenible Y Conservación

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El Chigüiro Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris En La Orinoquía Colombiana: Ecología, Manejo Sostenible Y Conservación Biblioteca José Jerónimo Triana No. 25 El chigüiro Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris en la Orinoquía colombiana: Ecología, manejo sostenible y conservación Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo Pedro Sánchez-Palomino Olga L. Montenegro EDITORES El chigüiro Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris en la Orinoquía colombiana: Ecología, manejo sostenible y conservación El chigüiro Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris en la Orinoquía colombiana: Ecología, manejo sostenible y conservación Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo Pedro Sánchez-Palomino Olga L. Montenegro EDITORES Grupo en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Biblioteca José Jerónimo Triana No. 25 del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá, 2014 Catalogación en la publicación Universidad Nacional de Colombia El Chigüiro Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris en la Orinoquía colombiana : ecología, manejo sostenible y conservación / editores Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo, Pedro Sánchez- Palomino, Olga L. Montenegro ; Grupo en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre. -- Bogotá : Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Sede Bogotá). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, 2014 436 p. : il., mapas, fots. -- (Biblioteca José Jerónimo Triana ; No. 25) Incluye referencias bibliográficas ISBN : 978-958-761-921-8 (tapa rústica) -- ISBN : 978-958-761-922-5 (e-book) 1. Chigüiros - Hábitos y conducta - Orinoquía (Región) – Colombia 2. Chigüiros – Ecología 3. Comunidades bióticas - Colombia 4. Conservación de la vida silvestre – Colombia I. López Arévalo, Hugo Fernando, 1963- II. Sánchez Palomino, Pedro, 1959- III. Montenegro Díaz, Olga Lucía, 1963- IV. Grupo en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre V. Serie CDD-21 599.3234 / 2014 Todos los derechos reservados: © Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. © Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo, Pedro Sánchez-Palomino y Olga L. Montenegro, editores Comité Editorial JJT: Asistentes de edición: Germán Amat-García Elizabeth Mesa-González Jaime Uribe Meléndez Patricia Bejarano M. Jaime Aguirre Ceballos Diego Giraldo Cañas Diseño y Diagramación: Fotografías: Liliana Aguilar C. C. Serna Entidades colaboradoras: Elizabeth Mesa-González Ingritts Marcela García Niño Universidad Nacional de Colombia Karol B. Barragán Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Laín E. Pardo Corporación Autónoma Regional de la Orinoquía – Natalia Atuesta-Dimian CORPORINOQUIA Nancy Burgos Universidad de Los Llanos-UNILLANOS Nelson Vélez Olga L. Montenegro Gobernación del Casanare Oscar Álvarez-Méndez Impreso en Bogotá D.C., 2014 Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial por cualquier medio sin la autorización escrita del titular de los derechos patrimoniales Un compendio inicial del contenido de este libro fue realizado en el marco del convenio interadministrativo especial de cooperación científica, tecnológica y financiera No. 106 suscrito entre la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y el Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial (actual Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible), proyecto “Conservación y uso sostenible del chigüiro (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) en la Orino- quía colombiana” fase V (2006). La Dirección del Instituto y el Comité Editorial quieren rescatar los siguientes puntos respecto a la colección: 1. La Biblioteca José Jerónimo Triana está destinada a la publicación de trabajos de interés general en el campo de las Ciencias Naturales, que por su índole o extensión, no se ajustan a las normas previstas para las otras publicaciones del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. 2. Las colaboraciones serán expresamente solicitadas por el Director quien se reserva el derecho de aceptarlas. Una vez aceptadas, su publicación depende de las apropiaciones presupuestales que la Universidad Nacional de Colombia destine para las publicaciones del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales o de eventuales subsidios que puedan ser aportados para ello. 3. Las ediciones aparecerán a intervalos irregulares, sin plazo fijo. Como ha sido norma de la Institución y por regla general, los trabajos se publican de acuerdo con el turno en que son recibidos, pero el Director podrá adelantar o posponer turnos dando prelación a los que considere de mayor urgencia. 4. La autoría, concerniente a las materias que se publiquen en la colección José Jerónimo Triana, así como la responsabilidad resultante de los conceptos, tesis y conclusiones de cualquier índole en que ellas se expresen recaen exclusivamente en correspondencia del autor. En lo posible se respetará el estilo literario del manuscrito original. Cítese toda la obra como: López-Arévalo, H. F., P. Sánchez-Palomino & O. L. Montenegro (eds.). 2014. El chigüiro Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris en la Orinoquía colombiana: Ecología, manejo sostenible y conservación. Biblioteca José Jerónimo Triana No. 25. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 436 pp. Bogotá. Cítese capítulos como: Álvarez-Méndez, O. & K. Barragán. 2014. Determinación de parámetros fisiológicos, hema- tológicos y de química sanguínea en chigüiros (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en el departa- mento de Casanare. Pp. 185, en López-Arévalo, H. F., P. Sánchez-Palomino & O. L. Montene- gro (eds.). El chigüiro Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris en la Orinoquía colombiana: Ecología, manejo sostenible y conservación. Biblioteca José Jerónimo Triana No. 25. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 436 pp. Bogotá. CONTENIDO LISTA DE AUTORES 11 PRESENTACIÓN 13 ACERCA DEL LIBRO 15 AGRADECIMIENTOS 17 SECCIÓN I GENERALIDADES 19 1. El chigüiro Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766). 21 Elizabeth Mesa-González & Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo SECCIÓN II CARACTERIZACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE HÁBITATS 43 2. Caracterización de vegetación en sabanas anegables asociadas 45 a poblaciones silvestres de Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris Patricia Torrijos-Otero 3. Calidad del hábitat disponible para el chigüiro en las sabanas inundables de la Orinoquía: 59 Propuesta metodológica Angélica Rocío Guzmán-Lenis, Adriana Alexandra Maldonado-Chaparro, Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo, Pedro Sánchez-Palomino, Olga L. Montenegro & Marco A. Torres 4. Evaluación de la calidad del hábitat disponible para el chigüiro 77 en el municipio de Paz de Ariporo, Casanare Angélica Rocío Guzmán-Lenis, Adriana Alexandra Maldonado-Chaparro, Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo, Pedro Sánchez-Palomino, Olga L. Montenegro & Marco A. Torres SECCIÓN III ASPECTOS POBLACIONALES, GENÉTICOS, FISIOLÓGICOS Y ZOOSANITARIOS 103 5. Estructura y productividad de las poblaciones silvestres de chigüiro 105 (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en tres municipios del departamento de Casanare-Colombia Patricia Bejarano M., Miguel Rodríguez & Nelson Vélez Á. 6. Evaluación del estado de las poblaciones de chigüiro (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) 125 presentes en los municipios de Paz de Ariporo y Hato Corozal (Casanare) Natalia Atuesta-Dimian, Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo, Pedro Sánchez-Palomino, Olga L. Montenegro & Clara Inés Caro 7. Estudio citogenético del chigüiro (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) de la Orinoquía colombiana 147 Carlos Arturo Sánchez-Isaza & Ligia Mercedes Jiménez-Robayo 8. Caracterización genética de poblaciones silvestres de chigüiro en el Casanare 169 Carolina Correa Ospina & Luis Fernando García Pinzón 9. Determinación de parámetros fisiológicos, hematológicos y de química sanguínea 185 en chigüiros silvestres (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en el departamento de Casanare Oscar Álvarez-Méndez & Karol B. Barragán F. 10. Estudios serológicos de Brucella abortus y Leptospira interrogans en poblaciones silvestres 197 de chigüiros (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en el departamento de Casanare Karol B. Barragán F. & Oscar Álvarez-Méndez 11. Estudios microbiológicos e histopatológicos en canales de chigüiros 211 (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en el departamento de Casanare. Oscar Álvarez-Méndez & Karol B. Barragán F. SECCIÓN IV MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN 225 12. Descripción y comparación del proceso de aprovechamiento de 6800 ejemplares de Hydrochoerus 227 hydrochaeris en cuatro hatos del municipio de Paz de Ariporo (Casanare), Colombia Patricia Bejarano M. & Nelson Vélez A. 13. Formulación de una propuesta de aprovechamiento sostenible de poblaciones de chigüiro 243 (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en tres municipios del departamento de Casanare Patricia Bejarano M., Miguel Rodríguez & Nelson Vélez A. 14. Reforzamiento de poblaciones de chigüiros (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) afectadas por 257 sobrecosecha en el municipio de Hato Corozal (Casanare): Propuesta metodológica y viabilidad del proyecto Natalia Atuesta-Dimian, Carlos Sarmiento-Pinzón, Karol B. Barragán F. & Olga L. Montenegro 15. Importancia del comportamiento animal en el planteamiento de estrategias de manejo 273 de poblaciones silvestres de chigüiro (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) Adriana Alexandra Maldonado-Chaparro & Pedro Sánchez-Palomino 16. Implicaciones de la ecología espacial y del comportamiento de chigüiros en el manejo 285 de sus poblaciones Adriana Alexandra Maldonado-Chaparro & Pedro Sánchez-Palomino 17. Área de acción y movimientos del chigüiro (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) en el municipio 293 de Paz de Ariporo, Casanare, Colombia: Algunas consideraciones para su manejo Ángela Andrea Camargo-Sanabria, Laín E. Pardo, Hugo Fernando López-Arévalo, Olga L. Montenegro, Pedro Sánchez-Palomino & Clara Inés Caro 18. Estimación de una cuota global-regional de aprovechamiento sostenible de 311 Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris en las sabanas inundables de la orinoquía colombiana Carlos Sarmiento-Pinzón & Olga L. Montenegro 19. Modelo de simulación de
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