20th Annual Snapshot Day Water Quality Report Santa Cruz County

Prepared by: Whitney Reynier River Scientist

Coastal Watershed Council 107 Dakota Avenue, Suite 4, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 (831) 464-9200, [email protected] www.coastal-watershed.org

Introduction

Snapshot Day is the largest single-day water quality monitoring event in the state of California. Every year on the first Saturday in May, volunteers along the Central Coast study water quality in local creeks, rivers and sloughs from Pacifica to Morro Bay. The annual effort is coordinated through a partnership between the Coastal Watershed Council, the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary and municipalities from San Mateo to San Luis Obispo Counties. This year’s Snapshot Day on May 4, 2019 marked the 20th Annual Snapshot Day.

A 20-Year Legacy

Snapshot Day started on Earth Day in 2000 as a partnership between the Coastal Watershed Council and the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Today, the annual event is made possible by a network of diverse public agencies, local companies and Snapshot Day received national recognition by Congressman Jimmy Panetta. non-profit organizations who are all committed to healthy coastal watersheds and a thriving Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. For 20 years, Snapshot Day has provided community members with the opportunity to explore and learn about their local watersheds while acting as community scientists and contributing to regional water quality monitoring. Each year, Snapshot Day engages an average of 200 volunteers in monitoring 125 waterbodies across 300 miles of coastline in a single day. According to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary records, a total of 3,783 volunteers have donated 18,915 hours of their time to Snapshot Day since 2000. This time contribution is equal to $384,021. The event’s long-running success has not gone unnoticed. Congressman Jimmy Panetta recently recognized Snapshot Day at the United States Congress for its 20-year history and ongoing accomplishments.

Santa Cruz County Monitoring

Each year, Snapshot Day monitoring provides a point-in-time look at water quality in streams and rivers that flow to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Trained volunteers collect important data and water samples to support water resource managers in tracking historic stream sites and identifying potential hotspots of pollution. Many Snapshot Day sites are only monitored once per year during this event, meaning volunteers provide critical data that otherwise would not be available.

This year’s monitoring data completes a 20-year data set which can be used to inform best management practices in pollution prevention and water resource management. In the coming year, the Monterey Bay

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 2 National Marine Sanctuary plans to do a 20-year trend analysis of Snapshot Day data to examine how water quality along the Central Coast has changed over time.

Snapshot Day provides a unique opportunity for community members to gain monitoring skills and to explore the streams that run through their communities. Knowing your local stream and your watershed is the first step to stewarding it. Through Snapshot Day programming, the Coastal Watershed Council (CWC) educates volunteers and the community about pollutants coming from human activities, how pollutants impact local waterways and riparian habitats, and what each community member can do to improve regional water quality and stream health.

This report summarizes the monitoring methods and findings from Snapshot Day 2019. It is written to build awareness around water quality in Santa Cruz County and describe simple stewardship actions that every individual can take to make a difference. More information and results from past Snapshot Day events and other water quality monitoring programs are available on the CWC website at coastal- watershed.org.

During Snapshot Day 2019, which occurred on Saturday, May 4, 2019, CWC oversaw the monitoring of 40 sites by 60 volunteers in Santa Cruz County. Monitoring and analysis of these sites was funded by the generous support of the City of Santa Cruz, City of Scotts Valley and Santa Cruz County. Additional event sponsorship was provided by Balance Hydrologics, Inc., Patagonia Santa Cruz Outlet, Whole Foods Market, Trader Joe’s, Charlie Hong Kong and Woodstock’s Pizza.

Santa Cruz County Snapshot Day 2019 monitoring sites color-coded by stream or river. 2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 3 Methods

Volunteer Training

Since 2000, Snapshot day organizers have trained community science volunteers to collect water samples and conduct water quality assessments. Monitoring training led by CWC focuses on imparting the knowledge and skills required for volunteers to follow quality assurance protocols consistent with USEPA and State Water Resources Control Board procedures.

In the final week of April 2019, CWC staff led a series of Snapshot Day trainings. Volunteers were trained to perform basic field water quality tests including measurements of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity and transparency. They also received training in collecting water samples for laboratory analysis of nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphate) and bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and total coliform). Volunteers also received training to collect water samples to be analyzed for microcystin, a chemical compound that can indicate the presence of harmful algal blooms. During training, volunteers also learned about “Leave No Trace” principles, conducting field observations, proper techniques for recording data and chain-of-custody procedures. CWC’s training sessions always stress the importance of volunteer safety above all other considerations.

Volunteers for Snapshot Day 2019 ranged in age and hailed from all over Santa Cruz County and Finn Stammer, an employee from Patagonia Santa Cruz Outlet, measures electrical conductivity on the beyond. Volunteers also varied in monitoring lower San Lorenzo River in Santa Cruz, CA. experience level, with 38% of the volunteer pool being comprised of returning volunteers. In addition to returning and new community volunteers, Snapshot Day 2019 also welcomed volunteers from several community groups and businesses, including Cabrillo College, Patagonia Santa Cruz Outlet and Balance Hydrologics, Inc.

Prior to Snapshot Day, volunteers were organized in stream teams of four to five volunteers. Each stream team was assigned to monitor three to four sites in Santa Cruz County. On Snapshot Day, volunteer

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 4 teams met at the Snapshot Day hub in San Lorenzo Park in Santa Cruz, gathered their gear and headed to their respective sites.

Field Methods

When monitoring each site, volunteers first recorded general field observations on field data sheets. General field observations included physical observations of water flow and clarity, weather conditions and site conditions (e.g., presence of trash, wildlife).

Team #11 makes field observations on Soquel Creek where it flows into the lagoon in Capitola Village.

Volunteers then collected water samples for laboratory analysis. Volunteers were provided with a set of pre-labeled sample containers for each sampling route. Whenever possible, sample containers were filled with water from the thalweg (deepest line of flow) of each creek, river or slough. The volunteers wore gloves during sample collection to minimize contamination. Where flow at the thalweg was too deep for wading, samples were collected from the nearest, safely wadable spot. Volunteers recorded the sample identification number, the date and time of sample collection, and the collector’s name on each sample bottle and on the field data sheets. Field duplicates and field blanks (distilled water) were collected from 10% of sites for quality assurance purposes. Samples were stored on ice until delivery at Santa Cruz County Environmental Health Laboratory later that afternoon.

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 5 Volunteers then collected and recorded various field measurements, including air temperature, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH and transparency. Water temperature and air temperature were measured with a digital thermometer. Dissolved oxygen was measured using a CHEMetrics colorimetric method test kit. Conductivity was measured using an Oakton “EC Testr” by inserting the probe into the stream. pH was measured using Macherey-Nagel non-bleeding pH strips. Transparency was measured using 120 cm transparency tubes, incorporating a weighted Secchi disk to assess degree of transparency in the water.

Ashley Ryder, Alex Johnson and Maria Spanglet observe and record data as Allison Gong measures air and water temperature at the mouth of Año Neuvo Creek.

Each team replicated all field measurements at a minimum of one site during Snapshot Day to assess equipment accuracy. All equipment waste was properly disposed of and stream teams picked up trash at their sites, leaving the riparian and stream corridors cleaner than they found them.

Laboratory Analysis

Water samples were analyzed at the Santa Cruz County Environmental Health Department’s Water Quality Laboratory (hereafter “County Lab”) for nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphate) and bacteria (E. coli, Enterococcus and total coliform) using USEPA-approved methods and following established quality

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 6 assurance/quality control protocols. The County Lab also analyzed samples for the presence of microcystin. Duplicate microcystin samples are also being analyzed by the Kudela Lab at UC-Santa Cruz.

Emily Chung, Cal Piccolo and Ryan Bassett getting ready to take turbidity and dissolved oxygen field measurements on the upper San Lorenzo River.

Data Analysis

To determine the health of the streams and creeks sampled, results from field measurements and samples collected by volunteers are compared to water quality objectives (“WQOs”) for each constituent. WQOs are used by regulatory agencies to determine if water in a waterway supports designated “beneficial uses” like swimming, fishing or use for drinking water, irrigation, etc. When the WQO for a constituent is exceeded, the water may be considered no longer safe for these designated beneficial uses.

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 7

WQOs and attention levels for various water quality constituents. MPN refers to the most probable units and is a comparable measurement to the bacteria metric CFU, or colony forming units.

Monitoring results for nitrate, dissolved oxygen and pH were compared to the WQOs in Chapter III of the Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board’s Basin Plan. E.coli and Enterococcus results were compared to the California State Water Resources Control Board Bacterial Objectives, which were recently adopted on February 4, 2019. Designed to protect recreational water users from the effects of water- borne pathogens, these new state bacteria objectives match Recommendation 2 of the USEPA 2012 Recreational Water Quality Criteria. Orthophosphate results were compared to the former Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program (CCAMP) Attention Level. There is no applicable WQO in the Central Coast Basin Plan for total coliform; for reporting purposes the WQO for total coliform in the neighboring San Francisco Basin Plan is referenced. There is also no formal WQO for microcystin; results were compared to the USEPA 2019 Recommended Human Health Recreational Ambient Water Quality Criteria or Swimming Advisories for Microcystins and Cylindrospermopsin. There are no applicable WQOs or attention levels for air temperature, water temperature, electrical conductivity or transparency. However, these water quality parameters are measured and analyzed because they impact stream suitability for aquatic biota. Looking at all water quality parameters collectively helps to provide a complete picture of stream heath on a given sampling day.

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 8 Santa Cruz County Monitoring Outcomes

Nutrients

Nitrate

Nitrogen occurs naturally in the environment and nitrate tends to be the dominant form of nitrogen found in water. In aquatic environments, nitrate can promote the growth of aquatic vegetation and algae. However, too much nitrogen, particularly in the presence of other nutrients and sunlight, can lead to the growth of algae and cyanobacteria. Some algae and cyanobacteria can release harmful toxins such as microcystins. Elevated nitrate levels in local watersheds can be caused by runoff from lawns or fields containing fertilizers, livestock and pet waste, leaking sewer lines, failing septic systems, or illicit disposal of waste materials that contain leachable nitrogen.

Mirroring results from 2018, on Snapshot Day 2019, 100% of sites met the nitrate Basin Plan WQO of <10 mg/L as nitrogen. Continued low nitrate levels in Santa Cruz County streams can be attributed, in part, to the actions taken by local municipalities and regulatory agencies to enforce riparian buffers for fertilizer usage. Residents can also play a critical role in preventing nitrates from entering local streams by:

• limiting the use of chemical fertilizers and reducing runoff from gardens and lawns; • washing pets and cars where the wash water won’t run into a storm drain; • picking up pet waste and properly managing manure from horses and other livestock; • maintaining or replacing septic systems and sewer laterals; • placing cut or dead vegetation (a natural source of nitrate) into your yard waste bin or compost.

Orthophosphate

Phosphorus occurs naturally in rocks and sediment and is an essential nutrient for all life forms. Orthophosphate is the most bioavailable form of phosphorus. Like nitrate, however, too much orthophosphate can stimulate growth of algae and cyanobacteria, particularly in stagnant water and in the presence of other nutrients and sunlight. While phosphorus can accumulate in sediments and be released under low-water conditions or scoured during high flows, it can also be derived from human activities. Common sources of orthophosphate in watersheds include leaking sewer lines, failing septic systems and runoff from fertilized lawns/fields or animal manure storage areas. Detergents and cleaning products can also contribute to higher orthophosphate levels because they contain a form of phosphorus that can be converted to orthophosphate.

On Snapshot Day 2019, 80% of sites met the WQO of the former CCAMP attention level of 0.12 mg/L. This is an improvement from last year, where only 66% of Snapshot Day sites met the WQO. The proportion of Snapshot Day sites exceeding the orthophosphate attention level has varied over time,

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 9 ranging from 10% in 2016 and 7% in 2017 to 34% in 2018. In 2019, the proportion of exceedances decreased to 20% of sites. Exceedances were found at nine sites across the county, including in both urbanized and less developed watersheds. In the City of Santa Cruz and immediate surrounding area, Arana Creek, Arroyo Creek, Branciforte Creek and Pilikington Creek exceeded the attention level. Additionally, Liddell Creek along the North Coast, Zayante Creek near Felton and Aptos Creek in unincorporated Santa Cruz County exceeded the attention level.

Orthophosphate across Santa Cruz County: Sites that met the orthophosphate attention level are marked in green. Sites that exceeded the attention level are marked in red.

Residents can reduce orthophosphate levels in local streams by controlling what goes down the nearest storm drain. Storm drains move common sources of orthophosphate from streets to local streams without being filtered. Residents can help reduce orthophosphate levels in local watersheds by:

• maintaining or replacing septic systems and sewer laterals; • avoiding the outdoor use of phosphate-containing cleaners; • limiting the use of chemical fertilizers (especially before forecasted rain); • reducing runoff from gardens and lawns.

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 10 Bacteria

Total Coliform

Coliform bacteria are present in the intestines and fecal material of warm-blooded animals. In water quality assessments, testing for total coliforms is used as nonspecific way to determine the potential presence of human or animal waste. There are numerous coliform species, however, so the detection of total coliforms cannot be directly linked to a specific source or health risk. Coliform bacteria can occur naturally but they can also be associated with discharges from leaky sewer pipes, failing septic systems or fecal waste from pets, people and wildlife. Coliform levels can also be elevated following rain since rainwater can mobilize or inundate sources of fecal material.

On Snapshot Day 2019, 93% of sites met the SF Bay Basin Plan single sample WQO of <10,000 MPN/100 mL for total coliform. This is a slight decrease from last year, when 100% of sites met the total coliform WQO. Total coliform WQO exceedances in 2019 were recorded at three sites, one each on Arroyo Creek, Moore Creek and Pilkington Creek. Notably, these sites are within the Santa Cruz urban area.

Total coliform in Santa Cruz: Sites that met the total coliform WQO are marked in green. Sites that exceeded the WQO are marked in red.

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 11 Escherichia coliform (E. coli)

E. coli is one species of fecal coliform bacteria. In water quality assessments, E. coli is used as an indicator of potential human health risks due to water contamination from animal or human waste. Some strains of E. coli can cause illness if ingested. Additionally, elevated E. coli levels can suggest the possible presence of other illness-causing viruses and parasites that coincide with fecal pollution. High E. coli levels in local streams may be caused by leaks from sewers or septic tanks or result from more diffuse sources such as trash, encampments, pet waste, birds and other wildlife.

On Snapshot Day 2019, 80% of sites met the newly adopted State Water Resources Control Board E.coli “STV” Criterion (the 90th percentile value, similar to a single sample threshold) of <320 MPN/100 mL. E. coli exceeded the criterion at a total of eight sites, including Arana Creek, Branciforte Creek, Moore Creek and Pilkington Creek in the City of Santa Cruz, Soquel Creek in the City of Capitola and Aptos Creek in unincorporated Santa Cruz County. The majority of E. coli exceedances occurred in more urbanized areas. Two sites with E. coli exceedances also had elevated levels of total coliforms: Moore Creek and Pilkington Creek.

E. coli in Santa Cruz: Sites that met the E. coli WQO are marked in green. Sites that exceeded the WQO are marked in red.

The E. coli WQO has been revised since Snapshot Day 2018 so directly comparing the proportion of sites exceeding the WQO from year-to-year is not possible. However, of sites monitored during both Snapshot

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 12 Day 2018 and 2019, 65% of sites demonstrated a year over year increase in E. coli. Two sites recorded large increases (>1000 MPN/mL) relative to last year’s data: Moore Creek above Antonelli Pond (MOORE- 24) and Pilkington Creek at Brook Street (PILKI-22). Conversely, two sites showed large decreases when compared to 2018 data (decreases of 550 and 1600 MPN/mL, respectively): Leona Creek at Sorrento Oaks (LEONA-21) and Branciforte Creek right above the confluence with the San Lorenzo River (BRANC- 21). It is important to note that snapshot samples reflect health risks associated with a single grab sample from each site. These values do not reflect day-to-day or season-to-season changes in water quality or potential sources of fecal bacteria.

Enterococcus

Enterococcus is also used as an indicator of potential environmental contamination from human sources. Several species of this genus can cause illness if ingested.

On Snapshot Day 2019, 65% of sites met the newly adopted State Water Resources Control Board Enterococcus WQO “STV” Criterion of <110 MPN/100 mL. A total of 14 sites exceeded the Enterococcus criterion, including Arana Creek, Arroyo Creek, Carbonera Creek, Moore Creek and Pilkington Creek in the City of Santa Cruz, Carbonera Creek in the City of Scotts Valley, Soquel Creek in the City of Capitola and Corrallitos Creek in unincorporated Santa Cruz County.

Enterococcus in Santa Cruz: Sites that met the Enterococcus WQO are marked in green. Sites that exceeded the WQO are marked in red.

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 13 Enterococcus in Scotts Valley: Sites that met the Enterococcus WQO are marked in green. Sites that exceeded the WQO are marked in red.

The majority of Enterococcus hotspots were in highly urbanized locations. Four sites with Enterococcus exceedances also had E. coli exceedances: Arana Creek, Moore Creek, Pilkington Creek and Soquel Creek.

Similar to E. coli, the Enterococcus WQO has been revised since Snapshot Day 2018 so directly comparing the proportion of sites exceeding the WQO from year-to-year is not possible. However, of sites monitored during both Snapshot Day 2018 and 2019, 58% of sites demonstrated a year over year increase in Enterococcus. Two sites showed large increases (>1000 MPN/mL) relative to last year’s data: Moore Creek above Antonelli Pond (MOORE-24) and Arroyo Seco at Delaware Avenue (ARROYO-22).

Streams in Santa Cruz County that exceed the E. coli or Enterococcus WQO pose health risks for direct- contact water recreation such as swimming or wading. Pollution prevention methods for total coliform, Enterococcus and E. coli are similar as these bacteria come from the same sources and follow the same pathways to local streams. Bacteria in urban environments can originate from many different sources including pet waste left on the street or in a backyard, trash or refuse that enters storm drains and local creeks, human waste from homeless camps and leaking sewer laterals that infiltrate the groundwater. Every resident can reduce bacteria sources in local waterways by:

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 14 • getting sewer laterals or septic tank systems inspected; • cleaning up after pets every time, including at home and on walks; • picking up trash on local streets and keeping storm drains clean and dry; • reporting illegal dumping into storm drains or nearby creeks.

Chemical Compounds

Microcystin

Cyanobacteria (commonly called blue-green algae) are photosynthetic organisms that naturally occur in aquatic ecosystems. Cyanobacteria can produce harmful chemical compounds such as microcystin, which is toxic to humans, pets and wildlife. The USEPA recommends avoiding contact with water bodies with more than 8 parts per billion (ppb) of microcystin. Dangerous levels of microcystin can be released from algal blooms, seasonal events where environmental and stream conditions align to cause rapid algal growth. Harmful algal blooms are most common in summer and in the presence of warm, stagnant water with high nutrient levels.

For Snapshot Day 2019, the County Lab tested for microcystin presence versus absence at different monitoring sites. Presence versus absence was tested using a threshold of 0.1 parts per billion (ppb) of Water samples collected and clearly labeled for lab analysis microcystin, which is much lower than the USEPA for bacteria, nutrients and microcystin. “safe contact” threshold. Only two sites were found to have microcystin present at levels greater than 0.1 ppb: the Moore Creek stream mouth and Arana Creek where it flows into the Santa Cruz Harbor. These results will be used to inform continued monitoring by County and City agencies.

Residents can help limit harmful algal blooms and regional microcystin exposure by reducing nutrient inputs (particularly nitrogen and phosphorous) to local streams. Simple actions every resident can take include:

• limiting the use of chemical fertilizers; • getting sewer laterals or septic tank systems inspected; • cleaning up after pets every time, including at home and on walks.

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 15 Conclusions

Summary of Monitoring Outcomes

This report summarizes results for the Santa Cruz County Snapshot Day 2019 event conducted on Saturday, May 4, 2019. Exceedances of WQOs or attention levels were documented for the nutrient orthophosphate and bacteria (E.coli, total coliform, Enterococcus), as presented above. In summary:

• Nitrate levels did not exceed WQOs at any monitored site; • Orthophosphate exceeded the water quality attention level at 20% of monitored sites; • Total coliform exceeded the WQO at 7% of monitored sites; • For pathogen indicators, E. coli exceeded the WQO at 32% of monitored sites and Enterococcus levels exceeded the WQO at 35% of monitored sites; • Microcystin was detected at 5% of monitored sites but not at levels dangerous to human, pet or wildlife health.

In addition, WQOs for dissolved oxygen and pH were not met at several sites (see Appendix A). In summary:

• The WQO for dissolved oxygen was not met at 17% of monitored sites; • Based on field results, the WQO for pH was not met at 32% of monitored sites. However, field pH results are somewhat subjective; laboratory results found no sites exceeding the pH WQO.

Snapshot Day Data Applications

Snapshot Day provides an annual “snapshot” of the water quality for watersheds adjacent to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The data generated from this single day of study provide a glimpse into the state of regional water quality.

By its very nature, environmental data is highly variable and conclusions are often difficult to make based on limited data points. Nonetheless, over time, Snapshot Day results are useful in shaping regional programs to inform and engage the public in environmental stewardship. To learn about trends in water quality and see how the 2019 data compares with previous years, refer to the Snapshot Day Multi-Year Report: A Citizen Science Success Story 2000-2013 on the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (MBNMS) website or on the CWC website Snapshot Day page. In addition, the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary is working on a 20-year trend analysis of Snapshot Day data to see how water quality in the Central Coast region has changed over time.

CWC’s mission is to preserve and protect coastal watersheds through community stewardship, education and monitoring. CWC staff welcomes every possible opportunity to assist local leaders and the

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 16 community in achieving goals together. Snapshot Day volunteers play a key role in the Santa Cruz County community as stewards of our watersheds. The valuable water quality data volunteers provide are used by CWC, resource agencies, local governments and community groups to increase public knowledge and understanding of watershed health. Quality data collection is the first step to protecting and improving the health of our local streams. Furthermore, CWC works to ensure that the results in this report will aid in the implementation of best management practices for pollution prevention by identifying locations and levels of possibly human-caused pollution.

This report is designed to promote public education and awareness of water quality in Santa Cruz County watersheds and to equip and empower residents to take action to help improve environmental quality in local waterways. Everyone has the opportunity to positively impact water quality in Santa Cruz County by implementing the stewardship actions identified in this report. More stewardship tips and information about local water quality data are available at coastal-watershed.org.

In addition to all of the volunteers who participated in Snapshot Day 2019, CWC would like to extend a special thank you to the following volunteers: Vai Campbell and Alex Johnson for providing GIS integration and report maps. Collin Cowsill, Sachi Nishikata and Susana Santos for providing data input support.

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 17 Table 1: Santa Cruz County Snapshot Day 2019 Monitoring Sites

Site ID Location Latitude Longitude 304-APTOS-23 Aptos Creek at Mouth 36.968917 -121.906691 304-ARANA-21 Arana Creek at Harbor High fish ladder 36.98375 -121.99435 304-ARANA-22 Arana Creek at North Harbor 36.97341 -121.99851 304-ARROY-21 Arroyo Seco at Meder Park 36.9667 -122.053 304-ARROY-22 Arroyo Seco at Delaware Avenue 36.9555777 -122.0522548 304-ARROY-23 Arroyo Seco at West Cliff, near Auburn & Sacramento Avenues 36.9496 -122.051 304-BRANC-21 Branciforte Creek above San Lorenzo River Confluence 36.97429 -122.02239 304-BRANC-23 Branciforte Creek at Market Street 36.983869 -122.0158 304-BRANC-25 Branciforte Creek at De La Veaga 36.999523 -122.004352 304-BRANC-26 Branciforte Creek at Santa Vida RV Park 37.007219 -122.001575 304-CARBO-21 Carbonera Creek upstream of Branciforte Confluence 36.986683 -122.014442 304-CARBO-22 Carbonera Creek at Lee Road 36.98919 -122.01558 304-CARBO-23 Carbonera Creek downstream of Camp Evers Confluence 37.037978 -122.020555 304-CARBO-24 Carbonera Creek at Bridge 37.0474 -122.016 304-CARBO-25 Carbonera Creek at Canepa 37.0520765 -122.012168 304-CARBO-26 Carbonera Creek at Source Naturals 37.057528 -122.0074 304-EVERS-21 Camp Evers Creek 37.0430047 -122.0276292 304-JSM-04 Jessie Street Marsh 36.970145 -122.014934 304-LEONA-21 Leona Creek at Sorrento Oaks 36.970239 -121.993795 304-LEONA-22 Leona Creek at Brommer Street 36.972223 -121.993219 304-LIDEL-21 Lidell Creek at Bonny Doon Road 37.00474 -122.17561 304-MOORE-21 Moore Creek at the outflow of Antonelli Pond 36.95479 -122.06104 304-MOORE-24 Moore Creek above Antonelli Pond 36.95997 -122.06 304-MOORE-26 Moore Creek at Mouth 36.95219 -122.05838 304-NEWYE-11 Ano Nuevo Creek 37.1165 -122.30616 304-PILKI-21 Pilkington Creek at Santa Cruz Natural History Museum 36.96542 -122.009631 304-PILKI-22 Pilkington Creek at Brook Street 36.96522 -122.00949 304-PILKI-23 Pilkington Creek upstream of train track 36.96716 -122.009642 304-SANLO-22 San Lorenzo River Mouth 36.965783 -122.012981 304-SANLO-235 San Lorenzo River at Water Street 36.978831 -122.024659 304-SANLO-24 San Lorenzo River at Highway 1 Bridge 36.984333 -122.027514 304-SANLO-26 San Lorenzo River at Paradise Park 37.01347 -122.04551 304-SANLO-27 San Lorenzo River at Junction Park 37.127096 -122.120279 304-SCOTT-22 Scott Creek on Swanton Road 37.07999 -122.24715 304-SCOTT-25 Scott Creek at Mouth 37.04088 -122.22861 304-SOQUE-22 Soquel Creek at Lagoon 36.971897 -121.952406 304-SOQUE-26 Soquel Creek at Creekside Center 36.98359 -121.95903 304-WADDE-20 Waddell Creek at Mouth 37.095954 -122.278429 304-WADDE-21 W. Waddell Creek at Brown House 37.10613 -122.27231 304-WADDE-23 W. Waddell Creek State Wilderness at Bridge 37.120433 -122.267059 304-ZAYAN-21 Zayante Creek at Mt. Hermon and Bean Creek 36.986683 -122.014442 304-ZAYAN-22 Zayante Road at Quail Hollow Road 37.074318 -122.055401 305-CORRA-21 Corralitos Creek at Green Valley Road 36.9392 -121.76999 305-CORRA-22 Corralitos Creek at Las Colinas Road 37.00804 -121.80899

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 18 Appendix A: Field Measurements

Appendices A and B provide a summary of results for each water quality parameter at each site. NA indicates that a field measurement or sample was not collected. ND indicates that findings were below detection limits. Results that exceed the applicable attention level or WQO are shaded orange.

Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 14.0 304-MOORE-24 12.5 304-ARANA-21 13.2 304-MOORE-26 12.6 304-ARANA-22 17.3 304-PILKI-21 12.8 304-ARROY-21 17.2 304-PILKI-22 12.8 304-ARROY-22 14.4 304-SANLO-22 12.7 304-ARROY-23 13.5 304-SANLO-23 11.5 304-BRANC-21 13.1 304-SANLO-24 11.8 304-BRANC-23 13.7 304-SANLO-26 18.2 Air Temperature 304-BRANC-25 14.6 304-SANLO-27 14.4 °C 304-BRANC-26 12.0 304-SCOTT-22 13.1 No WQO 304-CARBO-21 13.2 304-SCOTT-25 14.0 304-CARBO-22 13.2 304-SOQUE-22 18.0 304-CARBO-23 15.2 304-SOQUE-26 13.1 304-CARBO-24 15.2 304-WADDE-20 14.6 304-CARBO-25 13.4 304-WADDE-21 15.4 304-EVERS-21 16.4 304-ZAYAN-21 14.6 304-LEONA-21 14.3 304-ZAYAN-22 18.8 304-LEONA-22 12.0 305-CORRA-21 14.9 304-LIDEL-21 12.8 305-CORRA-22 11.3 304-MOORE-21 16.1 305-NEWYE-11 13.2

Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 13.8 304-MOORE-24 11.7 304-ARANA-21 13.1 304-MOORE-26 22.1 304-ARANA-22 15.8 304-PILKI-21 12.7 304-ARROY-21 13.5 304-PILKI-22 12.8 304-ARROY-22 15.5 304-SANLO-22 15.3 304-ARROY-23 14.3 304-SANLO-23 13.3 304-BRANC-21 14.1 304-SANLO-24 12.9 304-BRANC-23 13.2 304-SANLO-26 14.2 Water Temperature 304-BRANC-25 12.7 304-SANLO-27 10.9 °C 304-BRANC-26 12.4 304-SCOTT-22 11.8 No WQO 304-CARBO-21 12.9 304-SCOTT-25 13.4 304-CARBO-22 12.9 304-SOQUE-22 16.0 304-CARBO-23 13.8 304-SOQUE-26 12.6 304-CARBO-24 12.7 304-WADDE-20 14.3 304-CARBO-25 12.0 304-WADDE-21 12.4 304-EVERS-21 17.4 304-ZAYAN-21 12.3 304-LEONA-21 13.8 304-ZAYAN-22 11.5 304-LEONA-22 13.6 305-CORRA-21 13.3 304-LIDEL-21 12.7 305-CORRA-22 11.1 304-MOORE-21 18.6 305-NEWYE-11 11.3

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 19 Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 1,240 304-MOORE-24 NA 304-ARANA-21 530 304-MOORE-26 NA 304-ARANA-22 NA 304-PILKI-21 600 304-ARROY-21 740 304-PILKI-22 610 304-ARROY-22 640 304-SANLO-22 2.5 mS 304-ARROY-23 660 304-SANLO-23 390 Electrical 304-BRANC-21 480 304-SANLO-24 390 304-BRANC-23 490 304-SANLO-26 430 Conductivity 304-BRANC-25 510 304-SANLO-27 N/R uS (unless 304-BRANC-26 500 304-SCOTT-22 230 mS specified as mS) 304-CARBO-21 410 304-SCOTT-25 280 mS 304-CARBO-22 410 304-SOQUE-22 1,140 No WQO 304-CARBO-23 46 304-SOQUE-26 580 304-CARBO-24 56 304-WADDE-20 340 304-CARBO-25 560 304-WADDE-21 280 304-EVERS-21 46 304-ZAYAN-21 NA 304-LEONA-21 570 304-ZAYAN-22 NA 304-LEONA-22 480 305-CORRA-21 590 304-LIDEL-21 340 305-CORRA-22 520 304-MOORE-21 NA 305-NEWYE-11 350

Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 9.0 304-MOORE-24 7.0 304-ARANA-21 6.0 304-MOORE-26 7.0 304-ARANA-22 5.5 304-PILKI-21 5.0 304-ARROY-21 9.0 304-PILKI-22 7.0 304-ARROY-22 11.0 304-SANLO-22 9.0 304-ARROY-23 8.0 304-SANLO-23 9.0 304-BRANC-21 10.0 304-SANLO-24 7.0 Dissolved 304-BRANC-23 9.0 304-SANLO-26 12.0 Oxygen 304-BRANC-25 6.0 304-SANLO-27 12.0 304-BRANC-26 12.0 304-SCOTT-22 10.0 mg/L 304-CARBO-21 7.0 304-SCOTT-25 10.0 WQO: >7.0 mg/L 304-CARBO-22 9.0 304-SOQUE-22 7.0 304-CARBO-23 8.0 304-SOQUE-26 7.0 304-CARBO-24 12.0 304-WADDE-20 9.0 304-CARBO-25 8.0 304-WADDE-21 10.0 304-EVERS-21 6.0 304-ZAYAN-21 11.0 304-LEONA-21 5.0 304-ZAYAN-22 11.0 304-LEONA-22 7.0 305-CORRA-21 10.0 304-LIDEL-21 7.0 305-CORRA-22 9.0 304-MOORE-21 5.5 305-NEWYE-11 9.0

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 20 Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 8 304-MOORE-24 5 304-ARANA-21 7 304-MOORE-26 5.5 304-ARANA-22 8 304-PILKI-21 6 304-ARROY-21 7 304-PILKI-22 5.5 304-ARROY-22 7 304-SANLO-22 7.5 304-ARROY-23 7 304-SANLO-23 7 304-BRANC-21 6 304-SANLO-24 7.5 304-BRANC-23 5.5 304-SANLO-26 7 pH 304-BRANC-25 8 304-SANLO-27 7 WQO: 304-BRANC-26 8 304-SCOTT-22 7.5 >7.0 and <8.5 304-CARBO-21 8 304-SCOTT-25 7 304-CARBO-22 8 304-SOQUE-22 6 304-CARBO-23 6.5 304-SOQUE-26 6 304-CARBO-24 6.5 304-WADDE-20 7 304-CARBO-25 7 304-WADDE-21 7 304-EVERS-21 6.5 304-ZAYAN-21 7 304-LEONA-21 7 304-ZAYAN-22 6.5 304-LEONA-22 6 305-CORRA-21 7 304-LIDEL-21 7 305-CORRA-22 7.5 304-MOORE-21 5.5 305-NEWYE-11 7 *Field pH measurements are approximate and somewhat subjective. Laboratory pH measurements found no sites exceeding the pH WQO.

Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 >120 304-MOORE-24 67.6 304-ARANA-21 >120 304-MOORE-26 100.5 304-ARANA-22 >120 304-PILKI-21 69.8 304-ARROY-21 64.5 304-PILKI-22 >120 304-ARROY-22 120 304-SANLO-22 >120 304-ARROY-23 45 304-SANLO-23 >120 304-BRANC-21 95.7 304-SANLO-24 >120 304-BRANC-23 >120 304-SANLO-26 >120 Transparency 304-BRANC-25 >120 304-SANLO-27 >120 cm 304-BRANC-26 >120 304-SCOTT-22 100 No WQO 304-CARBO-21 >120 304-SCOTT-25 >120 304-CARBO-22 >120 304-SOQUE-22 >120 304-CARBO-23 >120 304-SOQUE-26 >120 304-CARBO-24 120 304-WADDE-20 >120 304-CARBO-25 >120 304-WADDE-21 >120 304-EVERS-21 120 304-ZAYAN-21 >120 304-LEONA-21 90.5 304-ZAYAN-22 >120 304-LEONA-22 60 305-CORRA-21 >120 304-LIDEL-21 100 305-CORRA-22 >120 304-MOORE-21 94.5 305-NEWYE-11 >120

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 21 Appendix B: Laboratory Results

Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 0.09 304-MOORE-24 0.04 304-ARANA-21 0.31 304-MOORE-26 0.20 304-ARANA-22 <0.8 304-PILKI-21 0.31 304-ARROY-21 0.04 304-PILKI-22 0.56 304-ARROY-22 2.22 304-SANLO-22 0.19 304-ARROY-23 3.00 304-SANLO-23 0.22 304-BRANC-21 0.47 304-SANLO-24 0.23 304-BRANC-23 0.51 304-SANLO-26 0.24 Nitrate-N 304-BRANC-25 0.18 304-SANLO-27 0.06 mg/L NO3-N 304-BRANC-26 0.18 304-SCOTT-22 0.04 WQO: <10.0 mg/L 304-CARBO-21 0.78 304-SCOTT-25 0.08 304-CARBO-22 0.79 304-SOQUE-22 0.07 304-CARBO-23 0.34 304-SOQUE-26 0.07 304-CARBO-24 0.18 304-WADDE-20 0.11 304-CARBO-25 0.22 304-WADDE-21 0.07 304-EVERS-21 0.03 304-ZAYAN-21 0.40 304-LEONA-21 0.30 304-ZAYAN-22 0.08 304-LEONA-22 2.09 305-CORRA-21 2.14 304-LIDEL-21 0.45 305-CORRA-22 0.07 304-MOORE-21 ND 305-NEWYE-11 0.31

Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 0.13 304-MOORE-24 ND 304-ARANA-21 0.18 304-MOORE-26 ND 304-ARANA-22 ND 304-PILKI-21 0.09 304-ARROY-21 ND 304-PILKI-22 0.14 304-ARROY-22 0.23 304-SANLO-22 0.06 304-ARROY-23 0.10 304-SANLO-23 0.08 304-BRANC-21 0.12 304-SANLO-24 0.09 304-BRANC-23 0.10 304-SANLO-26 0.08 Orthophosphate-P 304-BRANC-25 0.23 304-SANLO-27 ND mg/L PO4-P 304-BRANC-26 0.17 304-SCOTT-22 ND AL: 0.12 mg/L 304-CARBO-21 0.09 304-SCOTT-25 ND 304-CARBO-22 0.11 304-SOQUE-22 0.08 304-CARBO-23 0.12 304-SOQUE-26 0.08 304-CARBO-24 0.12 304-WADDE-20 ND 304-CARBO-25 0.12 304-WADDE-21 ND 304-EVERS-21 0.09 304-ZAYAN-21 0.19 304-LEONA-21 0.06 304-ZAYAN-22 0.11 304-LEONA-22 0.05 305-CORRA-21 0.07 304-LIDEL-21 0.17 305-CORRA-22 0.05 304-MOORE-21 ND 305-NEWYE-11 ND

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 22 Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 1,722 304-MOORE-24 2,595 304-ARANA-21 5,794 304-MOORE-26 24,196 304-ARANA-22 332 304-PILKI-21 12,033 304-ARROY-21 933 304-PILKI-22 5,475 304-ARROY-22 4,884 304-SANLO-22 1,500 304-ARROY-23 17,329 304-SANLO-23 1,014 304-BRANC-21 4,227 304-SANLO-24 1,782 Total coliform 304-BRANC-23 2,583 304-SANLO-26 1,017 MPN/100 mL 304-BRANC-25 2,247 304-SANLO-27 1,515 WQO: 304-BRANC-26 1,137 304-SCOTT-22 504 304-CARBO-21 4,106 304-SCOTT-25 231 <10,000 MPN/100 mL 304-CARBO-22 4,105 304-SOQUE-22 2,909 304-CARBO-23 2,723 304-SOQUE-26 1,223 304-CARBO-24 3,448 304-WADDE-20 546 304-CARBO-25 4,884 304-WADDE-21 495 304-EVERS-21 960 304-ZAYAN-21 1,422 304-LEONA-21 4,352 304-ZAYAN-22 NA 304-LEONA-22 4,106 305-CORRA-21 5,165 304-LIDEL-21 4,884 305-CORRA-22 910 304-MOORE-21 6,867 305-NEWYE-11 1,664

Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 373 304-MOORE-24 1,354 304-ARANA-21 591 304-MOORE-26 384 304-ARANA-22 132 304-PILKI-21 556 304-ARROY-21 20 304-PILKI-22 2,481 304-ARROY-22 84 304-SANLO-22 161 304-ARROY-23 41 304-SANLO-23 20 304-BRANC-21 863 304-SANLO-24 73 E. coli 304-BRANC-23 146 304-SANLO-26 52 MPN/100 mL 304-BRANC-25 158 304-SANLO-27 169 304-BRANC-26 120 304-SCOTT-22 96 WQO: 304-CARBO-21 213 304-SCOTT-25 20 <320 MPN/100 mL 304-CARBO-22 165 304-SOQUE-22 388 304-CARBO-23 256 304-SOQUE-26 171 304-CARBO-24 197 304-WADDE-20 20 304-CARBO-25 228 304-WADDE-21 63 304-EVERS-21 ND 304-ZAYAN-21 50 304-LEONA-21 84 304-ZAYAN-22 NA 304-LEONA-22 98 305-CORRA-21 233 304-LIDEL-21 135 305-CORRA-22 63 304-MOORE-21 121 305-NEWYE-11 144

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 23 Site Result Site Result 304-APTOS-23 31 304-MOORE-24 1,198 304-ARANA-21 340 304-MOORE-26 160 304-ARANA-22 ND 304-PILKI-21 373 304-ARROY-21 74 304-PILKI-22 842 304-ARROY-22 1,408 304-SANLO-22 ND 304-ARROY-23 168 304-SANLO-23 ND 304-BRANC-21 102 304-SANLO-24 20 Enterococcus 304-BRANC-23 96 304-SANLO-26 ND MPN/100mL 304-BRANC-25 41 304-SANLO-27 63 304-BRANC-26 85 304-SCOTT-22 ND WQO: 304-CARBO-21 246 304-SCOTT-25 ND <110 MPN/100mL 304-CARBO-22 59 304-SOQUE-22 148 304-CARBO-23 240 304-SOQUE-26 135 304-CARBO-24 305 304-WADDE-20 ND 304-CARBO-25 448 304-WADDE-21 ND 304-EVERS-21 ND 304-ZAYAN-21 48 304-LEONA-21 108 304-ZAYAN-22 NA 304-LEONA-22 63 305-CORRA-21 183 304-LIDEL-21 97 305-CORRA-22 41 304-MOORE-21 60 305-NEWYE-11 31

2019 Snapshot Day Report Page 24