Jean-Baptiste Lingaud Papers Ms
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After Robespierre
J . After Robespierre THE THERMIDORIAN REACTION Mter Robespierre THE THERMIDORIAN REACTION By ALBERT MATHIEZ Translated from the French by Catherine Alison Phillips The Universal Library GROSSET & DUNLAP NEW YORK COPYRIGHT ©1931 BY ALFRED A. KNOPF, INC. ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED AS La Reaction Thermidorienne COPYRIGHT 1929 BY MAX LECLERC ET CIE UNIVERSAL LIBRARY EDITION, 1965 BY ARRANGEMENT WITH ALFRED A. KNOPF, INC. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 65·14385 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA PREFACE So far as order of time is concerned, M. M athie( s study of the Thermidorian Reaction, of which the present volume is a translation, is a continuation of his history of the French Revolution, of which the English version was published in 1928. In form and character, however, there is a notable difference. In the case of the earlier work the limitations imposed by the publishers excluded all references and foot-notes, and the author had to refer the reader to his other published works for the evidence on which his conclusions were based. In the case of the present book no such limitations have been set, and M. Mathiei: has thus been able not only to state his con clusions, but to give the chain of reasoning by which they have been reached. The Thermidorian Reaction is therefore something more than a sequel to The French Revolution, which M. Mathiei:, with perhaps undue modesty, has described as a precis having no independent authority; it is not only a work of art, but a weighty contribution to historical science. In the preface to his French Revolution M. -
Fair Shares for All
FAIR SHARES FOR ALL JACOBIN EGALITARIANISM IN PRACT ICE JEAN-PIERRE GROSS This study explores the egalitarian policies pursued in the provinces during the radical phase of the French Revolution, but moves away from the habit of looking at such issues in terms of the Terror alone. It challenges revisionist readings of Jacobinism that dwell on its totalitarian potential or portray it as dangerously Utopian. The mainstream Jacobin agenda held out the promise of 'fair shares' and equal opportunities for all in a private-ownership market economy. It sought to achieve social justice without jeopardising human rights and tended thus to complement, rather than undermine, the liberal, individualist programme of the Revolution. The book stresses the relevance of the 'Enlightenment legacy', the close affinities between Girondins and Montagnards, the key role played by many lesser-known figures and the moral ascendancy of Robespierre. It reassesses the basic social and economic issues at stake in the Revolution, which cannot be adequately understood solely in terms of political discourse. Past and Present Publications Fair shares for all Past and Present Publications General Editor: JOANNA INNES, Somerville College, Oxford Past and Present Publications comprise books similar in character to the articles in the journal Past and Present. Whether the volumes in the series are collections of essays - some previously published, others new studies - or mono- graphs, they encompass a wide variety of scholarly and original works primarily concerned with social, economic and cultural changes, and their causes and consequences. They will appeal to both specialists and non-specialists and will endeavour to communicate the results of historical and allied research in readable and lively form. -
FRENCH REVOLUTION PART 3 from the Directory 1794-1799 To
FRENCH REVOLUTION PART 3 From the Directory 1794-1799 to Napoleon Bonaparte The Terror July 1793-July 1794 Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety Inscription on Engraving from 1795, after pyramid: Thermidor “Here lies all Robespierre guillotines the France.” executioner, after all France has been guillotined Constitutions of 1791 and 1793 are beneath his feet COUP D’ĖTAT OF THERMIDOR JULY Execution of Robespierre, 1794 Saint Just, Couthon July 1794 End of the Jacobin Terror, start of White Terror" -- execution of 72 leading Jacobins in one day The Directory takes power 1794- 1799 The Directory: July 1794-1799 Paul Barras one of the five Directors making up the executive council Legislature under Directory is Drawing of bicameral: member of Council of Council of Elders = upper house Elders -- pseudo-Roman Council of 500 = lower house robes Constitution of the Year V 1795 Third constitution – one every two years 1791, 1793 Ends universal male suffrage Indirect elections (electoral college like USA) Bicameral legislature upper house as more elite restraint on lower house LOUIS XVII -- never reigned son & heir of Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette b. 1785 d. 1795 June in prison of illness at age 10 (age 8 at time of Marie Antoinette’s trial) Set back for royalist hopes for restoration of monarchy – but the eventual Louis XVIII restored in 1814 was the brother (in exile since 1792) of King Louis XVI executed in Jan 1793. REVOLT OF GERMINAL (Spring 1795): Parisian sans culottes riot, call for "bread & Constitution of 1793," but no more political -
Calendrier Republicain
CALENDRIER REPUBLICAIN A U T O M N E H Y V E R VENDÉMIAIRE BRUMAIRE FRIMAIRE NIVÔSE PLUVIÔSE VENTÔSE er me me me me me 1 Mois 2 Mois 3 Mois 4 Mois 5 Mois 6 Mois 1re Décade 1re Décade 1re Décade 1re Décade 1re Décade 1re Décade 1 Raisin 1 Pomme 1 Raiponce 1 Tourbe 1 Lauréole 1 Tussilage 2 Safran 2 Céleri 2 Turneps 2 Houille 2 Mousse 2 Cornouiller 3 Châtaignes 3 Poire 3 Chicorée 3 Bitume 3 Fragon 3 Viollier 4 Colchique 4 Betterave 4 Nefle 4 Soufre 4 Perce-neige 4 Troêne 5 Cheval 5 Oye 5 Cochon 5 Chien 5 Taureau 5 Bouc 6 Balsamine 6 Héliotrope 6 Mache 6 Lave 6 Laurier-thym 6 Asaret 7 Carottes 7 Figue 7 Chou-fleur 7 Terrevégétale 7 Amadouvier 7 Alaterne 8 Amaranthe 8 Scorsonnère 8 Miel 8 Fumier 8 Mézéréon 8 Violette 9 Panais 9 Alisier 9 Genièvre 9 Salpètre 9 Peuplier 9 Marceau 10 CUVE 10 CHARRUE 10 PIOCHE 10 FLÉAU 10 COIGNÉE 10 BÊCHE 2me Décade 2me Décade 2me Décade 2me Décade 2me Décade 2me Décade 11 Pome de terre 11 Salsifis 11 Cire 11 Granit 11 Ellébore 11 Narcisse 12 Immortelle 12 Macre 12 Raifort 12 Argile 12 Bracoli 12 Orme 13 Potiron 13 Topinambour 13 Cèdre 13 Ardoise 13 Laurier 13 Fumeterre 14 Réséda 14 Endive 14 Sapin 14 Grès 14 Avelinier 14 Vélard 15 Ane 15 Dindon 15 Chevreuil 15 Lapin 15 Vache 15 Chèvre 16 Belle de nuit 16 Chervi 16 Ajonc 16 Silex 16 Buis 16 Epinards 17 Citrouille 17 Cresson 17 Cyprès 17 Marne 17 Lichen 17 Doronic 18 Sarrasin 18 Dentelaire 18 Lierre 18 Pierre à chau 18 If 18 Mouron 19 Tournesol 19 Grenade 19 Sabine 19 Marbre 19 Pulmonaire 19 Cerfeuil 20 PRESSOIR 20 HERSE 20 HOYAU 20 VAN 20 SERPETTE 20 CORDEAU 3me -
Jonathan Huff MAR Thesis
Durham E-Theses La musique des lumières: The Enlightenment Origins of French Revolutionary Music, 1789-1799 HUFF, JONATHAN,EDWARD How to cite: HUFF, JONATHAN,EDWARD (2015) La musique des lumières: The Enlightenment Origins of French Revolutionary Music, 1789-1799 , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11021/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 1 2 For my parents, Martin and Julie Huff 3 4 ABSTRACT It is commonly believed that the music of the French Revolution (1789-1799) represented an unusual rupture in compositional praxis. Suddenly patriotic hymns, chansons , operas and instrumental works overthrew the supremacy of music merely for entertainment as the staple of musical life in France. It is the contention of this thesis that this ‘rupture’ had in fact been a long time developing, and that the germ of this process was sown in the philosophie of the previous decades. -
Gracchus Babeuf and the Revolutionary Language of Thermidor
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 3-1997 From the Printing Press to the Guillotine: Gracchus Babeuf and the Revolutionary Language of Thermidor David Brian Audley Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the European History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Audley, David Brian, "From the Printing Press to the Guillotine: Gracchus Babeuf and the Revolutionary Language of Thermidor" (1997). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5740. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.7611 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. THESIS APPROVAL The abstract and thesis of David Brian Audley for the Master of Arts in History were presented February 14, 1997, and accepted by the thesis committee and the department. COMMITTEE APPROVALS: Thomas M. Luckett, Chair Robert Liebman Representative of the Office of Graduate Studies DEPARTMENT APPROVAL: G~s,~ Department of History * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ACCEPTED FOR PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY BY THE LIBRARY by ABSTRACT An abstract of the thesis of David Brian Audley for the Master of Arts in History presented February 14, 1997. Title: From the Printing Press to the Guillotine: Gracchus Babeuf and the Revolutionary Language of Thermidor. The traditional history of Fran9ois-Noel 'Gracchus' Babeuf has been centered on politics and socialism. Sine his death in 1797 historians have attempted to show the foundations of nineteenth and twentieth-century social revolution and communism in the polemical works of Babeuf. -
Archives Des Musées Nationaux, Gestion Des Musées De France (Série Z)
Archives des musées nationaux, Gestion des Musées de France (série Z) Répertoire numérique détaillé numéro 20150044 Hélène Brossier et Guillaume Monnot, archivistes sous la direction de la mission des archives du ministère de la Culture et de la communication à partir des inventaires rédigés par les agents des Archives des musées nationaux Première édition électronique Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 2015 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_054002 Cet instrument de recherche a été rédigé avec un logiciel de traitement de texte. Ce document est écrit en ilestenfrançais.. Conforme à la norme ISAD(G) et aux règles d'application de la DTD EAD (version 2002) aux Archives nationales, il a - Reçu le visa du Service interministériel des Archives de France le ..... 2 Archives nationales (France) Sommaire Archives des musées nationaux-Série Z 9 Organisation 12 Historique et organisation 12 Comité des conservateurs 14 Conseils artistiques 15 Administration et gestion 16 Administration 17 Protection des œuvres d'art 43 Budget 45 Catalogues 46 Direction des arts et lettres 46 Sécurité 46 Rapports de quinzaine pour les départements du Louvre et musées 46 Rapports annuels des musées nationaux. 47 Rapports d'inspection des musées de province 48 Inventaires et états 49 1700-1799 50 1800-1847 53 1848-1950 57 Saisies révolutionnaires en Seine-et-Oise. 60 Tome1 : Partie 1 60 Tome 2 : Partie 2 62 Tome 3 : Parties 3 à 6 64 Tome 4 : Parties 7 à 9 68 Tome 5 : Parties 10 à 14 74 Origines et échanges. 92 1792-1807 93 1808-1928 102 1929-1941 106 Propositions d'acquisitions ou de travaux refusées (ou sans suite). -
Comparing Terrors: State Terrorism in Revolutionary France and Russia
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2011 Comparing Terrors: State Terrorism in Revolutionary France and Russia Anne Cabrié Forsythe College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Forsythe, Anne Cabrié, "Comparing Terrors: State Terrorism in Revolutionary France and Russia" (2011). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626669. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-f7fy-7w09 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparing Terrors: State Terrorism in Revolutionary France and Russia Anne Cabrie Forsythe Richmond, Virginia Bachelors of Arts, Mary Baldwin College, January 2006 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Lyon G. Tyler Department of History The College of William and Mary January 2011 APPROVAL PAGE This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Anne Cabrie Forsythe Approved by the Committee, December 2010 Committee Ch&fr Associate Professor Gail M. Bossenga, History The College of William and Mary James Pinckney Harrison Professor Frederick C. Corney, History The College of William and Mary Professor Carl J. Strikwerda, History Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Sciences The College of William and Mary n4~ Associate Professor Hiroshi Kitamura, History The College of William and Mary ABSTRACT PAGE This paper compares how the National Convention and the Sovnarkom were able to declare terror and how they operated each terror in terms of their definition of revolutionary justice. -
The Calendar in Revolutionary France : Perceptions of Time in Literature, Culture, Politics / Sanja Perovic
THE C A LENDA R IN REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE One of the most unusual decisions of the leaders of the French Revolution – and one that had immense practical as well as symbolic impact – was to abandon customarily accepted ways of calculating date and time to create a revolutionary calendar. The experiment lasted from 1793 to 1805 and prompted all sorts of questions about the nature of time, ways of measuring it and its relationship to indi- vidual, community, communication and creative life. This study traces the course of the revolutionary calendar, from its cultural ori- gins to its decline and fall. Tracing the parallel stories of the calen- dar and the literary genius of its creator, Sylvain Maréchal, from the Enlightenment to the Napoleonic era, Sanja Perovic reconsiders the status of the French Revolution as the purported ‘origin’ of modern- ity, the modern experience of time and the relationship between the imagination and political action. sanja perovic is Lecturer in the French Department at King’s College London. Le calendrier républicain, Debucourt, No. 1987–49, © Musée de la Révolution française/Domaine de Vizille. THE CA LENDA R IN REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE Perceptions of Time in Literature, Culture, Politics SANJA PEROVIC King’s College London cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, uk Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107025950 © Sanja Perovic 2012 This publication is in copyright. -
Cour De Cassation. Dossiers D'instruction (An XI-1866)
Cour de cassation. Dossiers d'instruction (an XI-1866) Inventaire semi-analytique (AM//10001-AM//10006) par M.-C. Moine et A. Poinsot, sous la direction de S. Barbiche Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 1989 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_002264 Cet instrument de recherche a été encodé par l'entreprise diadeis dans le cadre du chantier de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives nationales sur la base d'une DTD conforme à la DTD EAD (encoded archival description) et créée par le service de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives nationales 2 Archives nationales (France) INTRODUCTION Référence AM//10001-AM//10006 Niveau de description fonds Intitulé Cour de cassation Intitulé Dossiers d'instruction Intitulé AM//10001 à 10006 Intitulé Inventaire par M.C. Moine et A. Poinsot sous la direction de S. Barbiche Date(s) extrême(s) an XI-1866 Localisation physique Pierrefitte DESCRIPTION Présentation du contenu Ce petit fonds, versé aux Archives nationales en juillet 1988, provient de la Cour de cassation. Il se compose de quatre liasses de 35 dossiers d'instruction et jugements rendus par la section civile du Tribunal de cassation, relatifs à des forfaitures commises par des juges de paix, greffiers et huissiers dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions (an IX-1811) ; de pièces se rapportant à l'affaire de la Compagnie algérienne de colonisation (1834- 1860) ; enfin, du dossier d'instruction concernant l'attentat d'Orsini (1858). Il a été classé dans la série AM affectée aux archives en provenance de la Cour de cassation. -
Republican Calendar
Republican Calendar. Republican Gregorian Prairial 9 20 May Germinal 7 22 March An Messidor 10 19 June Floréal 8 21 April Vendémaire 1 I 22 Sept. 1792 Thermidor 11 19 July Prairial 9 21 May Brumaire 2 22 October Fructidor 12 18 August Messidor 10 20 June Frimaire 3 21 November Vendémaire 1 VII 22 September Thermidor 11 20 July Nivôse 4 21 December Brumaire 2 22 October Fructidor 12 19 August Pluviôse 5 1793 20 January Frimaire 3 22 November Vendémaire 1 XIII 23 September Ventôse 6 19 February Nivôse 4 21 December Brumaire 2 23 October Germinal 7 21 March Pluviôse 5 1799 20 January Frimaire 3 22 November Floréal 8 20 April Ventôse 6 19 February Nivôse 4 22 December Prairial 9 20 May Germinal 7 21 March Pluviôse 5 1805 21 January Messidor 10 19 June Floréal 8 20 April Ventôse 6 20 February Thermidor 11 19 July Prairial 9 20 May Germinal 7 22 March Fructidor 12 18 August Messidor 10 19 June Floréal 8 21 April Vendémaire 1 II 22 September Thermidor 11 19 July Prairial 9 21 May Brumaire 2 22 October Fructidor 12 18 August Messidor 10 20 June Frimaire 3 22 November Vendémaire 1 VIII 23 September Thermidor 11 20 July Nivôse 4 21 December Brumaire 2 23 October Fructidor 12 19 August Pluviôse 5 1794 20 January Frimaire 3 22 November Vendémaire 1 XIV 23 September Ventôse 6 19 February Nivôse 4 22 December Brumaire 2 23 October Germinal 7 21 March Pluviôse 5 1800 21 January Frimaire 3 22 November Floréal 8 20 April Ventôse 6 20 February Nivôse 4 22 December Prairial 9 20 May Germinal 7 22 March Pluviôse 5 1806 21 January Messidor 10 19 June Floréal -
The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution
THE COMING OF THE TERROR IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution Timothy Tackett The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, En gland 2015 Copyright © 2015 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First printing Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Tackett, Timothy, 1945– Th e coming of the terror in the French Revolution / Timothy Tackett. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 73655- 9 (alk. paper) 1. France— History—Reign of Terror, 1793– 1794. 2. France— History—Revolution, 1789– 1799. I. Title. DC183.T26 2015 944.04—dc23 2014023992 Contents List of Illustrations vii List of Maps ix Introduction: Th e Revolutionary Pro cess 1 1 Th e Revolutionaries and Th eir World in 1789 13 2 Th e Spirit of ’89 39 3 Th e Breakdown of Authority 70 4 Th e Menace of Counterrevolution 96 5 Between Hope and Fear 121 6 Th e Factionalization of France 142 7 Fall of the Monarchy 172 8 Th e First Terror 192 9 Th e Convention and the Trial of the King 217 10 Th e Crisis of ’93 245 11 Revolution and Terror until Victory 280 12 Th e Year II and the Great Terror 312 Conclusion: Becoming a Terrorist 340 Abbreviations 351 Notes 353 Sources and Bibliography 419 A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s 447 Index 449 Illustrations Th e Tennis Court Oath 50 Attack on the Bastille 56 Market women leave Paris en route to Versailles 67 Federation Ball 93 Confrontation between Catholics and