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A Foundation Monograph of Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae)

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A Foundation Monograph of Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae) A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 51: 1–282 (2015)A foundation monograph of Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae) 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.51.7104 MONOGRAPH http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A foundation monograph of Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae) John R.I. Wood1,5, Bethany R.M. Williams1,2, Thomas C. Mitchell3, Mark A. Carine2, David J. Harris4, Robert W. Scotland1 1 Department of Plant Sciences, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK 2 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 3 Plant Biodiversity Research, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany 4 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK 5 Honorary Research Associate, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Corresponding author: Robert W. Scotland ([email protected]) Academic editor: Sandra Knapp | Received 20 January 2014 | Accepted 25 March 2015 | Published 18 June 2015 Citation: Wood JRI, Williams BRM, Mitchell TC, Carine MA, Harris DJ, Scotland RW (2015) A foundation monograph of Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae). PhytoKeys 51: 1–282. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.51.7104 Abstract A global revision of Convolvulus L. is presented, Calystegia R.Br. being excluded on pragmatic grounds. One hundred and ninety species are recognised with the greatest diversity in the Irano-Turanian region. All recognised species are described and the majority are illustrated. Distribution details, keys to species iden- tification and taxonomic notes are provided. Four new species, Convolvulus austroafricanus J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, sp. nov., Convolvulus iranicus J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, sp. nov., Convolvulus peninsularis J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, sp. nov. and Convolvulus xanthopotamicus J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, sp. nov., one new subspecies Convolvulus chinensis subsp. triangularis J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, subsp. nov., and two new varieties Convolvulus equitans var. lindheimeri J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, var. nov., Convol- vulus glomeratus var. sachalitarum J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, var. nov. are described. Convolvulus incisoden- tatus J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, nom. nov., is provided as a replacement name for the illegitimate Convol- vulus incisus Choisy. Several species treated as synonyms of other species in recent publications are reinstated including C. chinensis Ker-Gawl., C. spinifer M.Popov., C. randii Rendle and C. aschersonii Engl. Ten taxa are given new status and recognised at new ranks: Convolvulus namaquensis (Schltr. ex. A.Meeuse) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov., Convolvulus hermanniae subsp. erosus (Desr.) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov., Convolvulus crenatifolius subsp. montevidensis (Spreng.) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov., Convol- vulus fruticulosus subsp. glandulosus (Webb) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov., Convolvulus capituliferus subsp. foliaceus (Verdc.) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov., Convolvulus hystrix subsp. ruspolii (Dammer Copyright John R.I. Wood et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 John R.I. Wood et al. / PhytoKeys 51: 1–282 (2015) ex Hallier f.) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov., Convolvulus hystrix subsp. inermis (Chiov.) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov., Convolvulus rottlerianus subsp. stocksii (Boiss.) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, comb. et stat. nov., Convolvulus calvertii subsp. ruprechtii (Boiss.) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov., Convolvulus cephalopodus subsp. bushiricus (Bornm.) J.R.I.Wood & R.W.Scotland, stat. nov. The status of various infraspecific taxa is clarified and numerous taxa are lectotypified. This account represents a new ini- tiative in terms of taxonomic monography, being an attempt to bring together the global approach of the traditional monograph with the more pragmatic and identification-focussed approach of most current floras while at the same time being informed by insights from molecular systematics. Keywords Convolvulaceae, global revision, lectotypification, monograph, morning glories, new species, new taxa Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 9 Our methodology and its implications ............................................................... 10 Generic delimitation .......................................................................................... 11 Geographical distribution ................................................................................... 12 Discovery ........................................................................................................... 13 Economic importance ........................................................................................ 13 Molecular systematics ......................................................................................... 14 Species concept .................................................................................................. 17 Morphological characters and their use in species delimitation ........................... 19 Dichotomous keys .................................................................................................. 28 Key to species in South America ......................................................................... 29 Key to species in North America ........................................................................ 30 Key to species in Australia .................................................................................. 30 Key to species in New Zealand ........................................................................... 31 Key to species in Southern Africa ....................................................................... 32 Key to species in Tropical Africa ......................................................................... 33 Key to species in North Africa ............................................................................ 35 Key to species in the Atlantic Islands .................................................................. 38 Key to species in Europe..................................................................................... 39 Key to species in the Levant ............................................................................... 41 Key to species in the Arabian Peninsula (including Socotra) ............................... 44 Key to species in the Indo-Iranian region ........................................................... 47 Key to species in the Former Soviet Union ......................................................... 51 Key to species in East Asia .................................................................................. 54 Taxonomic treatment of Convolvulus ...................................................................... 55 Names ................................................................................................................ 55 Specimen citations ............................................................................................. 55 Literature citations ............................................................................................. 56 Convolvulus ............................................................................................................ 56 A foundation monograph of Convolvulus L. (Convolvulaceae) 3 Species 1–22. Eurasian and North African species with leaves abruptly narrowed into a distinct petiole. ......................................................................................... 57 1. Convolvulus scammonia ............................................................................... 57 2. Convolvulus pseudoscammonia ..................................................................... 59 3. Convolvulus durandoi .................................................................................. 59 4. Convolvulus arvensis .................................................................................... 60 5. Convolvulus chinensis ................................................................................. 62 5a. Convolvulus chinensis subsp. chinensis ........................................................ 63 5b. Convolvulus chinensis subsp. triangularis ................................................... 64 6. Convolvulus mairei...................................................................................... 64 7. Convolvulus fatmensis ................................................................................. 65 8. Convolvulus steppicola ................................................................................. 65 9. Convolvulus sinuatodentatus ........................................................................ 66 10. Convolvulus rufescens ................................................................................ 66 11. Convolvulus betonicifolius .......................................................................... 67 12. Convolvulus longipedicellatus .................................................................... 70 13. Convolvulus cassius .................................................................................... 71 14. Convolvulus stachydifolius ......................................................................... 71 14a. Convolvulus stachydifolius
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