WORDLIST OF JAVANESE NON-NGOKO VOCABULARIES
Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo
This word-list, referred to in my article "Javanese Speech Levels,nl presents in a single paper a complete list of non- Ngoko word stems. A similar word-list was prepared by Walbeehm and published in 1897,2 but it was written in Javanese script and no glosses were given. Walbeehm1s list also failed to dis tinguish between Kr6mo Inggel and Krom6 Anqlap. In the present list, Kr6mo Inggel and Kromo Andap words appear in the same column because of their complementary distribution (as described in my previous article) and limited number, but KromS Ancjap words are given in italics. Walbeehm also included kasar (rude) words in his main list. I have included a list of kasar words (which form a subclass of the Ngoko vocabulary), but I have treated them separately here because they do not influence the formation of speech levels, and it is the speech levels which are my primary concern.
A later work which marked words according to speech level and which usually gave the Ngoko equivalent of non-Ngoko words was PigeaudTs Javaans-Nederlands Handwoordenboek.3 This work was intended only as a dictionary of the Javanese language, and the non-Ngoko words, therefore, were alphabetized together with the Ngoko words. Such an arrangement is not very useful to scholars interested primarily in studying the speech levels.
I have relied heavily on both Walbeehm and Pigeaud in com piling the present list. I am indebted to Walbeehm for the general format of the list and to Pigeaud for many additional lexical entries. In the course of preparing this list, a number of lexical items were found which did not occur as non-Ngoko words in' either of the previous works. These are marked with an asterick. A number of lexical items have changed from one non-Ngoko level to another in the short time since PigeaudTs work was published and are noted by a double asterick. Some non-Ngoko words which appeared in one or both of the earlier works are no longer used and, therefore, are not given here. The purpose of the present list is to make an updated version of a work such as Walbeehm?s available to speakers of English.
1, Indonesia, No. 6 (October 1968).
2, De Taalsoorten in het Javaanse (Batavia; Albrecht, 1897).
3, (Groningen; Wolters, 1938).
165 166
I have tried to present as complete a list as possible, ex- cept in the case of substandard Krom6 where the items are not exhaustive for two reasons: first, the form of a substandard Krom6 word often varies from one region to another; and second, place names, which are usually not put into Kromo, are often given substandard Krom6 forms. For cases in which substandard words have variants, the most widely used form is given here. Substandard forms of place names are not given.4
For the most part, only word stems are alphabetized. Some times the stem does not occur without affixes, and, therefore, the affixed form which normally occurs is listed under the stem. Sometimes an affixed form has a meaning which cannot be predicted from a knowledge of the meaning of the stem. In such cases the affixed form or forms are also listed under the stem. In a few rare instances, a stem contains a fossilized affix; if the affix is removed, a word with a totally different meaning results. In those instances, the affixed form is alphabetized.
A blank in any column means that there is no separate word in that vocabulary type for the meaning in question. In the absence of a Madyo word, the Kr6mS word is normally used. Some times, however, the Ngoko word is used, and when that occurs, I have listed the Ngoko word again in the Mady6 column. Sometimes a Kr6m6 word exists, but the Ngoko equivalent is used by some people in speaking Kromo. Usually this means that the Krom6 form is going out of use, but, occasionally, it can mean that the Kromo form is new. Sometimes a Kromo word is used in Ngoko as a synonym for its non-Kr6m6, Ngoko equivalent. In all these cases, I have listed both forms.
The list below fulfills two needs. On an immediate practical level, it provides students of the Javanese language with a table in which they can find a word of any speech level, if they know its Ngoko equivalent. Second, linguists who are interested in an historical analysis of the speech levels can compare this list with older lists and with old Javanese texts. The results of such comparisons may help them to trace the development of this complex linguistic system, and perhaps explain its origin.
For several reasons, the words in this list are given in con ventional orthography rather than phonemic writing. The inventory of phonemes (significant sounds) and the distribution of phonemes within words differs somewhat from dialect to dialect. The
4. If such a name has a specific meaning and if that meaning can be expressed by a Krom6 word, the Kr6m6 word is used as the substandard Kr6m6 name. Otherwise, names are given substandard forms by analogy. For a description of the formation of sub standard Kr6m6 words by analogy, see: "Javanese Speech Levels." 167 addition of suffixes causes changes in the pronunciation of many stem vowels. Moreover, phonemic writing would be confusing to non-linguists who know or who are learning Javanese. In prac tice, the writing of Javanese with the Roman alphabet is not yet standardized. The system used here is that used by Pigeaud, except that u has been substituted for oe.b This orthography is fairly consistent. For any given dialect the pronunciation of most words in the language can be predicted from it, once the reader is familiar with a few basic rules. The rules given be low are for the pronunciation of the Jogjakarta-Surakarta dia lect.6 The spelling corresponds to the phonemic system used in "Javanese Speech Levels,” with the following exceptions:
(1) Word-final a is pronounced 76/ except in ora !noT, mboja fnof, and in some non-Javanese place names. In these cases, it is pronounced /a/. Where the final syllable of a stem ends in /6/, a in the penultimate syllable is also pro nounced 76/, if that syllable is open (i.e., not followed by a consonant in the same syllable), or if the syllable ends in a nasal (m, n, ng). For example, rasa 1 feelingT and sata Tobac co1 have open penultimate syllables and are pronounced /r6s6/ and /s6t6/ respectively; rumangsa Tto feelT and kantja TfriendT have penultimate syllables ending in ng and n and are pro nounced /rumongsS/ and /kontjo/ respectively; suwarga fheavenT and asta ThandT, however, have penultimate syllables ending in other consonants and are pronounced, respectively, /suwargo/ and /ast6/. If any suffix except -a added to a stem containing an a which is pronounced /6/, the /6/ becomes /a/. If a stem containing an a which is pronounced lol is doubled and if a suffix is added to the resulting form, some people, especially old or conservative Javanese, pronounce the a in the first part of the word as /o/. Others pronounce it as /a/. Thus buta- butane Tthe giants1 is pronounced either /buto-butan^/ or /buta- butane/.
(2) In an ultimate syllable, i is pronounced /£/ if it is followed by a consonant, except in some loanwords from Dutch,
5. There are, in addition, a few idiosyncratic spellings in Pigeaud which probably reflect older pronunciations. The spellings which Pigeaud lists as alternants more closely conform with present pronunciation. Some other words have vowels which in formal speech are given their full quality, but which in informal speech become /e/. In both cases, I give the informal, or pronounced, form first. The formal form, or an older form which is rarely pronounced, is given in parenthesis.
6. These rules may not cover the pronunciation of every word in the language. They are intended to describe the pro nunciation of the words in this list. 168 and in nicknames, where it is pronounced /i/. Some adjectives which normally end in /e/ plus a consonant may express an in tense degree of the quality which they denote by changing the /£/ to /i/. If one of the suffixes -i, -0 , -ana, -a, -an, -ing, or -en is added to a word ending in /$/ plus a consonant, the /e/ becomes /i/. For example, pitik Tchicken1 is pronounced /pit£q/, but pitike ’the chickenT is pronounced /pitiqe/; alis ’eyebrow1 is pronounced /ales/, but alise ’the eyebrow’ is pro nounced /alis£/; rumijin ’formerly’ is pronounced /rumiyen/, but ngrumijini ’to do something first (before others do it)’, is pronounced /ngrumiyini/• If the other suffixes, -ake , -aken, -ipun, are added to a word ending in /£/ plus a consonant, the pronunciation of /£/ is not changed. Thus ngrumijinaken ’to cause something to be done first (before other things)’, which comes from rumijin, is pronounced /ngrumiyenaken/.
(3) In an ultimate syllable, u is pronounced /o/ if it is followed by a consonant, except in some loanwords, nicknames, and adjectives indicating an intense degree of the quality which they denote. If one of the suffixes -£ , -e, -ana, -a, -an, -ing, or -en is added to a word ending in /o/ plus a consonant, the /of becomes /u/. For example, manuk ’bird’ is pronounced /manoq/, but manukS ’the bird’ is pronounced /manuqe/; djupuk ’to take’ is pronounced /djupoq/, but djupuken ’take it!’ is pronounced /djupuqen/. If the other suffixes, -ake, -aken, -ipun, are added to a word ending in /o/ plus a consonant, the pronunciation of /o/ is not changed. Thus ndjupukake ’to take something for some one’, which comes from djupuk, is pronounced /ndjupoqak^/.
(4) In closed syllables o is pronounced /o/, except in a non-final syllable ending in a nasal, such as domba ’big’ pro nounced /domb6/. If o occurs in a closed final syllable and in the penultimate syllable as well, both a ’s are pronounced /6/. For example, lotos ’to escape’ is pronounced /lolos/. The pro nunciation of o is not effected by the addition of suffixes.
(5) Stem-final k is pronounced /q/ unless it follows e. When it follows e, as in petek ’massage’, it is pronounced /k/. Stem-final /q/ is not affected by the addition of suffixes. For example, pitiki ’the chicken’ (from pitik) is pronounced /pitiqe/.
(6) Stem-final g is pronounced /k/. Stem-final d is pro nounced /t/. Stem-final b is pronounced /p/. Some old people change stem-final /k/ to /g/, /t/ to /d/, and /p/ to /b/ with the addition of a suffix beginning with a vowel. Others retain the pronunciations /k/, /t/, and /p/ even with the addition of suf fixes .
(7) The letter j is used to represent the pronunciation /y/ except in the sequences dj end tj which represent single phonemes /dj/ and /tj/, respectively. The letter y is used after d and t to represent the consonant clusters /dy/ and /ty/, which contrast with both the phonemes /dj/ and /tj/ and the 169 sequences /diy/ and /tiy/ (spelled dij and tij)•
The following sequence of letters or letter combinations is used in alphabetizing the list: a, b, d, dj , e, g ? h, i, j, k, 1, m, n , ng , nj , o, p,^r, t, t, t j , u, w, y. No distinction is made between e } e, and § for the purpose of alphabetization.
Key to symbols:
= synonymous with ? some people say the first entry, other people say the second K only said by the king or God k only said to the king or God kk only said about or in reference to the king or God () within a word means that the enclosed part is optionally pronounced * new non-Ngoko word ** changed vocabulary type
EDITORS NOTE: Footnote 15 which appeared in part one of this article should have read as follows: "Verslag van het vijfde Congres," Djawa, 10, No. 1-2 (January 1930), pp. 1-70. NGOKO K R A M A K.I/K A MADYA NGOKO K R A M A K.I/K.A MADYA
Standard Substandard Standard Substandard abah-abah - - kambil - riding equipment ajo=mara mangga ndawek s u m a n g g a engga= let’s; please awi abang abrit - - - red -(a)ke -(a)ken - - -(a)k£ (causative suffix) abur - iber* - - to fly akeh=okeh katah - - - many, much abot awrat - - - heavy akon (see kon) adang=dang betak - - - to steam rice aku kula ingsun K I adeg - - djumeneng - to stand up abdi dalem= d a t e m _ _ _ ' adi-adi ados-ados to spoil (a child) k a w u l a k ngadi-adi - ngados-ados - - spoiled (child) aku aken _ _ _ to admit; to claim adoh=doh tebih tebah - - far diaku dipun- ~ diaken is claimed adol (see idol) aken adon aben - - - dough, batter ala awon _ _ _ bad piala piawon - - bad deed adu aben _ _ _ to cause someone or - adu-arep aben-adjeng something to fight - - - alang pambeng, - - - to bar, to hinder to face each other alang adus=dus - - siram - alangan pambengan, accident; bad luck to take a bath alangan adem asrep - - cold alang- kambengan, - - - kind of grass adep=arep alang alang-alang adjeng - - - to face adep alas _ - - forest - - sowan=marek - to have an audience wana alasan wanan - wild (with a high- - - ranking official) ali-ali sesup£ - - - ring adi=adik - raj i raj i - younger sibling (susup£) _ - - adja sampun - - ampun don’t alih=elih= pindah to move p m d a h adj i aos _ _ _ value; worthy imba ngadj£ni ngaosi - - - to appreciate alis eyebrow adju - - _ ' adjeng to go forward amarga(see merga) madju madjeng - - - progressive amba= wijar _ - - broad, wide agama agami - - - religion dj embar ambu - to smell ag£-ag£ dnggal- - - - immediately ambet - - £nggal ambung aras to kiss ajak£ - - - mbokmenawi - - aj ake perhaps, maybe (mbokmanawi) amit - n u w u n - s £ w u - excuse me ari-ari r£ntjang ampir - - pinarak - to drop by - tuntunan placenta tlabung* ana wonten - - onten= to exist arit - - - sickle enten asu segawon - - - dog anak - putra - child,son,daughter anakan sareman interest (for a ati manah - penggalih - heart loan) (panggalih) ati man ah - - - liver ati-ati atos-atos andel pitados pertjados - to trust - - - careful piandel kapitados- belief an awak badan - selira - body (sarira) anom (see noirt) awan sijang ” * daytime antara antawis - - - among, between; approximately aweh (see weh) bae=wae kemawon mawon=. only, just anti = ant os - - - to wait - - entSn men ba j i anut=enut= - - d e r e k - to follow, etut to obey baj en gadah rent^ang** babaran ~ to give birth lare lare angger uger* - - angger provided bakal bade - - - fabric; will, shall anggo (see enggo) bakar - benem* - - to roast angon angen - - - to herd baki = ~ - talam= tray talam penampan anj ang = awis - - - to bargain enjang (panampan) sata _ _ _ anjar £nggal - - new bako tobacco - (tembako) menapa napa what apa - - baken (punapa) baku - - - chief, most im portant apal - apil** - - to memorize, to know very well bales= wangsul - - _ to answer (a letter wangsul sae - - - good apik bali wangsul ba(ng)sul - - to go back, =betj ik to return bola-bali wongsal- bongsal- ~ again and again apura apunten - aksama*= - pardon - aksami* wangsul bangsul balen wangsulan bangsulan to remarry (after divorce) aran= nama= asma name nami djeneng balung tosan - - - bone aran wasta _ to call, to label seldom banda besta, - - - to handcuff arang awis - - - banda adjeng will, shall arep ba^e bandj ir bena - - - flood arep=adep adjeng to face arep=dojan purun adjeng kersa(karsa) to want to (do something) 172
ladjeng - - - bandj ur= then; to continue bekti - bektos - - respect batjut keladjeng too late to be kebatjut ben=bene= kadjengipun - kersanipun djengdn that's all right changed, already kareben (not a cause for done worry) kadjang bantal - - - pillow dalu - - - night sirah bengi= wengi sanget banget - - - very beras wos - - - uncooked rice bangga - banggi - - to move to resist besuk bendj ing b^ndjang _ ndj ing later (be)suk- bendj ing- bendjang- - ndjing- day after tomorrow banju toja - - - water emben emben emben emb&n rama bapa=bapak - - - father betjik (see apik) =ramak bijen rumij in si jin - rijin= formerly bareng sareng - - - together; at the krijin same time; when bisa saged waged - - can, to be able to barep mbarep mbadjeng - - - the oldest child bobot awrat - - - weight (pambarep) bod jo semah - garwa - spouse bata banon - - - brick bokong - - potjong - buttocks bat in batos - penggalih - mind, heart (panggalih) bolah benang - - - thread - - _ batu=watu s 4 l a stone boreh= _ _ konjoh _ beauty cream gula batu gendis s & l a - - - rock-sugar we dak batur r€ntjang abdi - - servant botjah lar£ - - - child (not progeny) batik serat - - - batik brambang brambet** - - - onion batuk pelarapan forehead brengos - - gumbala= - moustache (palarapan) rawis batjut (see bandjur) brubuh - brebah - - fence; to cut down bawa bawi - - - to begin, start bubrah risak= - - - out of order, bibrah broken bebed - - njamping - long skirt for Javanese men budi manah - penggalih - heart; moral character b£bek kambangan - - - duck budal bidal - djengkar - to depart b£da san£s= - - - different benten bukak bikak - - - to open bedudan - - watangan - opium pipe bungah bingah - rena - glad bedil sendjata - - - rifle bungkar bingkar* - - - to remove; to (sandjata) uproot bupati - bupatos - - regent dijan (see damar) buru budjeng - - - to chase, to hunt dina dinten - - - day buruh berah - - - to labor dluwang dlantjang - - - paper butuh betah - - - to need dodot kampuh special long skirt for a royal offi buwang butjal - - - to throw away cial dadah - - ginda - vigorous massage doh (see adoh) dadi dados _ _ to become dojan (see arep) dumadi dumados - - - to come into existence dol= kedadejan kedadosan ~ incident; agreed adol = sade - - - to sell upon dodol dolan - - ameng-ameng - to go out for fun dagang gramen**, merchandise dangangan dagangan dom dj arum _ - - needle dondom ndjarumi - - - to sew dalan (see ratan) dudu sanes dede - - not damar= dilah - - - lamp dijan duga dugi _ _ - to approximate duga-duga dugi-dugi - - - moderate dandan dandos - busana - to dress keduga kedugi - - - capable dang (see adang) dulur derek _ _ _ relative sedulur se
7. Following a stem which ends in a vowel, -e, -ipun become -ne, -nipun respectively. embok - - ibu - mother enjang {see anjang) mboten ker- do not want to emoh mboten- - - esuk endj ing £ndjang - - morning purun sa etung etang to count; enak et ja _ _ _ delicious arithmetic kepenak s-eket ja - _ comfortable, pleasant etut (see anut) kepenak seketja - dangan healthy ewuh ewet - - - to be busy; to have endang= £nggal - - - quick celebration ndang pakewuh pakewet ~ to be in a delicate " situation endem - - wuru - to get drunk gade gantos - - - to pawn endi pundi - - - where gadjah liman** - - - elephant en - - - to stop endeg kendel galo menika lo menika le - negalo there it is mandeg kendel to stop, to have rest gaman dedarnel - - - weapon endek (see tjendek) (dadamel) tigan endog - - - egg gambir santun,** “ - ingredient chewed gambir together with eneng kendel - - - silent betel nut ener= leres _ _ _ aim, direction gamelan gangsa - - - Javanese orchestra arah enom (see nom) gampang gampil - - - easy enut, (see anut) ganti gantos - to change entek telas gone , used up - - gapura gapunten ~ “ gate enten (see anti) garap-banju (see kel) entut - - sarib - to break wind garu - djambet - - to harrow; harrow enggo angge ^ - agem engge to use anggo angge ^ - agem engge to wear gati gatos _ _ to pay attention kangge - kagem used, accepted; kanggo - wigati wigatos - - " important nganggo mawi- ngagem mawi with ngangge gawa bekta beta** asta= - to take, to carry (a)nggone anggeni- ~ ~ nggene= gedang pisang - - - banana gradji grantos** - - a saw gedd ageng - - - big, great gugah gigah - wungu to wake up somebody geger= - - pengkeran - back (anatomy) gugat gigat - - to sue gigir gugu gega - dahar atur to follow advice gelang - - binggel - bracelet guju gudjeng - ngestokaken to laugh gelem purun - kersa - to be willing gula gendis - - sugar gelis dnggal - - - quick gulu - - djangga neck gelung - - ukel - bun (hair-do) gumun - - ngungun* amazed gemak pujuh, - - - quail gemak guna gina ~ _ use, advantage gemat i gematos - - - to spoil with gunem (see omong) " (gumat i) (gumatos) affection gunung redi - - mountain gdndja kdnging- - - kenging- why menapa napa gupuh - gepah - in a hurry genep djangkep langkep - - complete,full; idj£n pijambak kijambak - alone (ganep) even (number) id jo idjem - - green geni latu= grami - - fire idjoan idjeman - - oral grama** idjol= lintu lambang - to exchange genti gentos - - - to substitute liru gering= kera _ _ _ thin, undernourish? idu - - ketjoh to spit; saliva kuru paidon - - ketjohan spittoon getih rah - “ “ blood ija inggih - nuwun inggih enggih yes gigir (see geger) ika=kad menika - nika that one (far) (punika) gilo menika lo menika Id - negilo here it is iki menika - niki this one gitok= - - griwa - the nape of the (punika) tjengel neck iku=kuwi menika - niku that one (near) glepung - glepang - - powder (punika) glugu glega** - - - coconut tree trunk ilang it j al - - gone , lost godong ron= ilo undjungan** - - - leaf pengilon (pangilon) - - paningalan mirror goldk pados - - - to look for imbu imbet _ to ripen fruit (by goroh dora - - - to tell a lie putting it in a warm place) imbuh imbet= to take a second kahanan kawontenan - - - situation tanduk helping of rice at a meal kaja kados - - - like, as impi - - sumpena= - to dream kaju kadjeng - - - wood supena kakang _ kangmas= _ older brother inep sipeng - sare = - to stay overnight raka lereb (on a journey) kaku kaken - - - stiff inten s£la - - - diamond kalah kawon - - - to lose; inferior ingu ingah _ _ _ to raise (animals) ingon- ingah-ingah- - kelangenan - kali l&pen - - - river ingon an - (kalangenan) a pet kalung - sangsangan - necklace ireng tjemeng - - - black kalungguhan (see lungguh) iring - - d e r £ k - to accompany kambil= klapa coconut krambil irung - - grana - nose isih taksih - - tesih still, yet kamituwa (see tuwa) is in lingsem - lingsem - ashamed, kamot (see mot) embarrassed kana ing ngrika mrika - ngrika over there (far) ising bebutjal - bobotan - to defecate (bubutjal) kanda tjrijos - ngendika - to say (tjarijos) m a t u r isor andap - - - below, under kanti kantos - - - patient itil klentit - prana - clitoris (kalentit) kantja r£ntjang - - friend itjul=u- - - lukar “ to undress, kanggo (see anggo) tjul=tju- to untie, tjul to unknot kapan b£ndjing- b^ndjang- - ndjing- when menapa= menapa napa iwak ulam - - - meat, fish kala mena- pa jekti jektos jetos - - true, real; to prove kapiran kapinten - - neglected, not well cared for jdn=n£k menawi - - nek if, when (manawi) kareben (see ben) karep kadjeng kabSh sedaja sedanten - - all - kersa - will, volition (karsa) kadji - kaos - “ to go on a pilgrim age to Mecca; a kari=k£ri kantun kantun - - left behind; still hadj i ngadji ngaos to read the Quran karo kalih - - - the second month of the Javanese ka£ (see ika) calendar 177 178 with kepati kepatos - - in intensified karo kalijan - - kalih degree karuwan kantenan - - - certain kepdnakan keponakan - - - nephew, niece kati katos - - - (0.617 kg) catty keprij£ kados pun— “ - kepripun= how (kaprij£)= di pripun katok sruwal - lantj ingan - pants, trousers Pij£ katjSk kaot - - - somewhat better- improved kepung kepang - - - to encircle kerep asring= often kaum kaim - - village religious official sering kawin (see omah) k&ri (see kari) ke-(ka-) kaping - - ping (prefix forming an ordinal number) keris duwung, - wangkingan - kris wangkingan** kebo ma£sa - - - water buffalo kertu=kre-- kertos= - - card tu kretos kedjaba kedjawi - - - except (kadjaba) (kadjawi) kesusu kesesa - - - in a hurry kel= pambeng= garap san- tarab menstruation garap banju wulanan= tun ketan ketos - - - sticky rice garap to- ja ketara ketingal ketawis - - visible (katara) (katingal) (katawis) kelakon (see laku) ketarik - - kepranan - attracted, charmed kelar (see kuwawa) ketelu= ketiga ketigen - - the third month; keluron - - terag - born prematurely ketiga the dry season kembang sekar - - - flower kidjing - - sekaran - tomb kemben - - kasemekan - woman’s belt kij€=kiji menika - - niki this (ke)menjan s€la - - - incense kinang gant&n - - - to chew betel nut kemu - - kembeng= - to rinse one's kira kinten _ penggalih _ to think gurah mouth kira- kinten- ~ approximately kira kinten " ' kemul - - singeb - blanket kirim kintun - - - to send kena kinging - - - to get, to be hit; to be permitted klambi rasukan - ageman= - clothes busanan kendaga ken kendali - kendangsul - - reins (on a bridle) klSru klSntu - - - wrong k£nd ing ngriki - - ngriki here klobot wiru** - - - corn leaf (for wrapping cigarettes) klumpuk klempak - to gather, kuning djen€ - _ _ yellow to collect kuningan - lali sup£ lalos - - to forget Ion - l&n* - - slow lamb£ - - lati - lips lor l&r - - - north lanang djaler ~ kakung - male loro kalih _ _ _ two keloron kekalih sekalijan both (husband and Landa (see Walanda) wife) karo-karo- kalih- lan mengko mangke mengke - - later (in a short nila - tjelengan - - blue dye, indigo while) non=enom= ndm=endm= - timur - young mengkono mekaten mekoten _ ngoten like that (near) anom anem (mangkono) -ngono 00 182 ewah nuli nunten - - - then owah - - to change conditions! to be insane ngana (see mengkana) padu paben - - to quarrel ngelak - - salit - thirsty pada sami sama - same ngelu - - pujeng - dizzy; to have a headache padang padjar** - - bright ng£n£ (see mangk£n£) padjeg paos - - tax ngeng&r ngabdi to become a servant paido paiben - - to say that some - - - thing is not right ngerti ngertos _ pirsa= _ to understand (mangertos) - priksa= paju padjeng - - sold uninga pajung songsong** - songsonj parasol, umbrella ngono (see mengkono) panah dj emparing - - arrow njari njantun** fingerswidth - - - hot (measurement) panas benter - - njata (see temen(an)) pangan teda te£i daharan food mangan ne^a ne^i dahar to eat obah £bah to move - - - pangilon (see ilo) obong besmi besem - - to burn pangling - pandung - fail to recognize olah=ulah - utjal - - to cook pap at sekawan - ' - four ol&h=£ntuk angsal _ kepareng _ to be permitted - - ol£h-ol§h angsal-angsal - - - to obtain paran purug destination; abroad - - oldh£=anggon£ (see anggon) present from a trip marani murugi to approach marakak£ murugaken ~ ~ to cause something omah grija _ dalem _ house to . . . pomahan= p£mahan= - padaleman - building lot pekarangan pekawisan pari pantun - - rice (plant) omah-omah== dmah-<£mah krami krama - to get married kawin paribasa - paripaos - proverb somah semah - - - household pasa si jam - - to fast omb£ - - undj uk - to drink pasah= - - ketik tooth file omong= ginem - ngendika - to talk pangur gunem=tjatur pasar peken - - market ompong= _ - daut - to have teeth pupak missing pati pat os - - really pat ih patos - the chief minister ontjat - intjat - - to escape, - to get out (of the King) patri - patros - solder; to solder opah epah - - - tip, pay, wage ora mboten no pat&k katrap,** - - yaws - - - pat&k pedang - - sabet - sword prada - praos - - gold-leaf pegat pisah* pindah - - to divorce prajoga prajogi - - - proper p&k pun ping kaping - - ping times (frequency) putu - - wajah - grandchild rada radi ragi** pipi - - pengarasan - cheek - - rather (pangarasan) rahaju - rahadjeng - - in a safe, peaceful pira pinten - - - how many, how much condition piranti pirantos _ _ _ tool, utensil rai - - pasurjan= - face rumanti rumantbs - - - well equipped wadana rambut pisan= pindah** - - - all at once; - - rikma - hair sisan altogether rana mrana mrika pitaja= pitados pretjados= - - to believe - - - to go there (far) pretjaja pitadjeng** ranti - Cantos - - tomato; to wait pitik a jam - - - chicken rasa raos - _ _ to feel;feeling rumangsa rumaos pitjak wuta* - wuta* - blind - - _ to feel, to know krasa kraos - - _ to feel 183 184 rad in flat, plain runtuh rentah rafa - - - rumuntuh rumentah (waradin) - ~ to give in, to (warata) fall down on ratan= radinan= street, road - - - rungu pireng dalan radosan=** - pidanget - to hear, to listen margi to raup - - surjan - to wash one’s face rupa rupi - - - appearance rawa - rawi - - swamp rupak ripak** - - - too narrow, confining rebut rebat - - - to take by force rusak risak redatin redatos - - - out of order, - - - worry broken (rudatin) (rudatos) rusuh res ah - - - rough rega regi - - - price sabuk rekasa rekaos - - peningset - belt - - - difficult (paningset) rembug rembag - - - to discuss sadji - - saos - to serve, to offer (re)mbulan - - tjandra - moon saguh sagah - - - to agree to do r€n£ something mr£n£ mriki - - - to come here saiki6 samenika8 - - saniki8 now (sapunika) r£wang r^nt^ang - - - to help r£wang r £ht j ang - abdi - servant salah lepat - - - wrong ribut ribet - - - busy salin santun - - - to change (clothes) rijaja rijadi - - - holiday sambung sambet - - - to connect rijak - - djlagra - phlegm (from samubarang (djalagra) throat) samukawis - - - everything sangga sanggi - to support rina rinten - - - dayt ime - - sapa sinten - who robah r£bah - - - to change - - lembu rokok= ses cigarette; to smoke sapi - - - cow udud sapih pegeng to wean ' ' ' - - - rono santun mrono mriku to go there (near) sari ~ ~ cream, nectar, the - - - best part of some ' thing rubed ribed - - - to hamper, to disturb sarwa sarwi - - all... rubuh rebah - - - fallen sasi wulan - - - month rumat rimat to keep, to take care of 8. The pronunciation of this sa- in informal speech is sometimes also /saq/. remen** sawah sabin rice field seneng to like, to be fond of seneng-seneng remen-remen** kasukan se- setunggal setunggil one, as...as to have fun (sa-) (satunggal) (satunggil) (gambling, drinking) seneng-seneng r e me n - r e me n * * sebar dawah* to sow rice seed - lelangen - to have fun (sight-seeing, sebut sebat to mention swimming, romance) se<^ela seke^ap a short while seneng remen** dangan= to be pleased; (saddla) (sakedap) rena glad sepalih sedeng tjekap enough, sufficient separo - - - half sddj & san&s different sepi sepen - - - quiet, still sega sekul cooked rice seprana seprika - - - (since) that time (saprana) (saprika) segara seganten sea (sagara) (saganten) seprdnd sepriki (saprdnd) (sapriki) - - - (up to) this time seka saking (se)king from (saka) sero=seru sora* - - - loud selawe (see law£) s€suk b€ndj ing- bendjang- ndj ing- tomorrow £ndj ing £ndjang £ndj ing sdsuk-£suk bendjang- ndjihg- tomorrow morning semaja semados to postpone payment end^ang endjing of a debt or obli gation setali setangsul - - - 25 cents semana semanten as... .as that setitik sekedik - - - a little, few (samana) (samanten) (far); then, at (satitik) (sakedik) that time si pun si (particle preced semaput kesambet,* kantaka* to faint ing a name and (sumaput) semaput indicating famil iarity toward the sembel&h pragat* to slaughter person named) semelang kuwatos to worry sida (sa)£stu8 sijos - to go through (sumelang) with a plan, to =kuwatir occur as scheduled sidj i sem^n^ semanten - - sementen as...as this setunggal setunggil - one (satunggal) (sam^n^) (samanten) (satunggil) sikil suku semono semanten semonten as...as that - samp£jan - leg (samono) (samanten) (near) silih sambut - pundut ngampil to borrow senadjan sinaosa although suwun ngampil (sanadyan) sing ingkang - - sing which, who, that lantaran - spoon s€ndok sisan (see pisan) sisi - - semprit - to blow one’s nose 185 186 slamet wiludjeng sugeng ~ in a safe, peace susur - kembeng panasar tobacco used in ful condition chewing betel-nut sok sering= sok sometimes suwarga suwargi - - heaven; deceased asring suw£ dangu - - long (time) somah (see omah) suweng sengkang - - earring s o r i sonten - - - afternoon swara swanten - - voice, sound sranta srantos - - - patient, calm (saranta) swasa _ suwaos _ gold mixed with (suwasa) a special alloy srati sratos mahout (figura tively) someone tai tindja - - feces who can handle a person with a dif tak- kula _ ingsun K k~ by me ficult personality (dak-) dalem=kawula - srengen - - duka - angry takon taken tanglet mundut-priksa- to ask for in sreng£ng£ - - sur ja - sun njuwun-priksa formation) suguh segah - sugata - food and drink (for a guest) suket rumput - - - grass tali tangsul - - - rope, string sumurup sumerep sumerap priksa= - to understand tamba djampi tambi - medicine pirsa - tamp a tampi - - - to accept, receive sunat= - - tetes - female circum tetes cision tandur tanem - - - to plant sungu - singat - - horn tangan _ _ asta - hand tanda-tangan tanda-asma= signature supaja supados - - - in order to tapuk-ata supata - supaos - - to swear (to tangga tanggi - _ - neighbor something as true) tangga teparo tanggi tepalih (all of one’s) neighbors surasa suraos - - - meaning tanggung tanggel to be responsible; suruh sedah - - - betel leaf not extreme, in between (in size, surup serap - - - sunset, twilight age, ability, etc.) susah sisah - sekel= - sad tanggon tanggon not surrendering £meng - - - tangi - - wungu - to wake up susu - - prembajun= - female breast pajudara tangis - - muwun - to cry, weep suson sesepan still nursing a " “ baby tepung tepang ~ to be acquainted tapak= tabet* - - - footprint, tracks, - - tlapak= scar; to track with tlepak= down (a thief) tilas terus ladjeng teras* - - to continue; the: tetak= tapel - - raketan - medicine made supit to circumcise of herbs and supit applied externally tetes (see s u n a t ) tapih - - njamping - long skirt for Javanase women tiba dawah - - - to fall tilas (see tapak) tari taros= ~ - - to ask(someone if tantun he wants to do something) tilik tuwi - tindjo* - to come, to see, sowan to pay a visit tau nat€ natos - - ever seba^ tinggal tilar tawa tawi - - - to offer - - - to leave titi tebu rosan - - - sugar cane - - priksa - to examine tlat&n tlatos tegal - tegil - - dry rice field - - - careful tonton= tingal teka dateng= - rawuh dugi to come, to arrive - priksa= - to see dumugi deleng= pirsa nekani ndatengi ngrawuhi= to be present delok ndjenengi= katon ketingal ~ - visible ngestr^ni (katingal) trasi traos teken - - lantaran= - walking-stick - - - shrimp paste rotan trima trimah _ _ _ to accept ketrima ketrimah telaga telagi - - - lake - - - appreciated tuduh tedah telu tiga - - - three paring- to show (someone i priksa how to do some tembaga tembagi - - - copper tjaos- thing) priksa= tembang sekar - - - song atur- priksa temen(an)= j ektos = “ - indeed, real, actual tuku tumbas - pundut - to buy njata £stu tulis serat - - - to write tempuh tempah - - - to reimburse; to be responsible tuma - - itik - louse tumbak waos temu panggih - _ to meet, to find - - - spear ketemu= kepanggih to meet, to come kepetuk pinanggih ' across tuna tuni - - - to suffer a loss teng&n wungon having acute tunggal tunggil other members of hearing the same group ' (of objects or p e r s o n s ) 187 188 tunggang tumpak - titih - to ride on tj€wok tjawik to wash oneself after urinating tunggu tengga - - - to wait or defecating j. . kk tungguk - - t j a o s - to serve (as a tjijut aut** narrow guard) - - - tjilik alit - - - small, little turu tilem - sar£ - to sleep Tjina Tj inten** - - - Chinese turun - - tedak - to descend; to be a descendant t joba t jobi to try of - - - tjrita tjarijos _ _ _ story; to tell tutu gentang - - - to pound rice (tjarita) tutuh - tetah - - to blame; to cut tjukup tjekap enough down (a tree) - - - tjukur paras to have a haircut tutur sandjang= paring- to advise - - - priksa tjrijos tjumbana= _ lambang- (sa)resmi= _ to have sexual t j a o s - (sa)resmi santun sanggama=* intercousre p r i k s a = lambang-sari * a t u v - p r i k s a tjunduk ~ sangsangan hair decoration tuwa sepuh sepah juswa - old tjutjul (see itjul) kamituwa kamisepuh - - - village official maratuwa marasepuh parent-in-law - - - udakara udakawis - - - about tuwuh - tewah - - to grow, to result udan dj awah dj awuh= rain djawoh tjangkem tutuk - mouth udud (see rokok) tjatur (see omong) udar - - lukar - unknot t je Welanda Welandi - Dutch (Walanda) (Walandi) 189 190 wUtuh wetah whole wengi (see bengi) wUwuh wewah to increase werna werni - ~ color (warna) (warni) The rude (kasar) words werta wertos - - - news (warta) (wartos) (only items not included in the main list are translated here) weruh sumerep sumerap priksa= - to know, to s ordinary Rude Ordinary Rude uninga kawruh seserepan - - - knowledge anak dlondong pelanangan gatel=gutul wesi tosan - - - iron bajen manak=ndlondong= pewandonan turuk=tj emimik= njetet es wetara wetawis - - - about; while (watara) (watawis) bodo goblog (stupid) pitjak pitj ek=t j iplong= pitet weteng - padaran - stomach endas patak=molo meteng (see meteng) rai=rupa dapur entut dobol=gebos wetu wedal _ wijos - to go out sikil tjokor metu medal - mijos - to go out irung tj ingur=tjungur weton wedalan - wijosan= birthday tai dlondong tingalan ising djebrot=dobol= wet on wedalan - - - made in bondjrot tangan tjeker wilang witjal - - - to count kalah kablong=dj ibleng= turu mitjek dj ideng wis sampun - - empun already tuwa gerangan kelakuwan gedohan witjara witjanten ngendika to speak tjangkem tjotjot=bungur= kelar tejfeng tjongor wluku (see luku) kuping tjurek=gobog t jelatu= ndj eplak=njlekop= wong tijang prijantun* man - - omong nggeges lair nj etet=ndj ebrot wrangka sarungan the scabbard for a kris tjumbana gantjet=laki= lungguh (warangka) ndjonggrok= antjelan=antjukan ndj edodog wrata (see rata) ujuh beser majit batang utek wuda lukar - to undress polo 1brain* - mangan nguntal=mbadog=nggaglag;= wudel (see puser) ndj ablogsnj arap weteng waduk mat a wudun - - untar - a boil tjiplos=tjeplus wulang wutjal** _ - to teach mati modar mulang mutjal** ngasta* - to teach - meteng busung=mblen$ang wuri= wingking - - - back, behind buri ombe sosrob=kokob wuring sande - - - to cancel