GLOBAL OBSERVATORY ON NON-STATE 2019 CLIMATE ACTION BOOK ACTION LOCAL SYNTHESIS REPORT ON CLIMATE ACTION BY LOCAL AND SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS PUBLISHED BY CLIMATE CHANCE ASSOCIATION NOVEMBER 2019 Citation CLIMATE CHANCE (2019). “LOCAL ACTION BOOK” SYNTHESIS REPORT 2019 ON CLIMATE ACTION BY LOCAL AND SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS. GLOBAL OBSERVATORY ON NON-STATE CLIMATE ACTION. _________________________________ The content of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational and non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is acknowledged.The data used is the responsibility of the cited source, the Climate Chance Association cannot be held responsible for their inaccuracy. _________________________________ DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATION Ronan Dantec, Chair of Climate Chance Association CLIMATE CHANCE EDITORIAL TEAM Dominique Pialot, General director Amaury Parelle, Coordinator, Observatory Antoine Gillod, Task officer, Observatory Justine Rives, Project assistant, Observatory External contributions of Anaïs Marcel- Delarocque (Ecole d’Urbanisme de Paris). CONTRIBUTORS We also thank the following organisations for their contributions: Association European Energy Award AISBL, Ademe, Climate Alliance, CDP, The Climate Group, Clima- Med, le Conseil des communes et Régions d’Europe (CCRE), Convention Mondiale des Maires, Energy Cities, FEDERENE, I-Care & Consult, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, IFeu, IUC-Asia, IUC Latin-America, Regions4. As well as the following cities : Larnaca (Cyprius), Grenoble (France), Lujbjana (Slovenia). GRAPHIC CREATION AND LAYOUT Elaine Gressan-Guillemot - Hewan Goethals TRADUCTION Eva Radek, French-English translator COVER Photo by Max Bottinger on Unsplash •2 SYNTHESIS REPORT ON CLIMATE ACTION BY LOCAL AND SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS PRESENTATION ������������������������������������������������� 5 SECTION II ������������������������������������������������������ 64 INTRODUCTION ������������������������������������������������� 6 Territorial results Global trends & context 2019 Andalusia Santiago de Cali “Local Action Book” Key Chhattisgarh BOOK ACTION LOCAL takeaways Grenoble Alpes Metropole SECTION I ������������������������������������������������������� 14 City of Heidelberg Local governments’ Kaohsiung progress in climate policy Larnaca implementation Ljubljana City of Milton Keynes International Climate Initiatives for Cities & Regions Santiago de Chile Global Covenant of Mayors (GCOM) Souss-Massa Under2 Coalition RegionsAdapt Thuringia International climate networks for cities and Victoria regions ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability SECTION III ����������������������������������������������������� 92 C40 Around the World in Regions4 (formerly nrg4SD) 80 Initiatives European initiatives and networks Energy Cities A new open approach on the SDGs Climate Alliance Urban Planning European Energy Award Energy production & self-sufficiency GLOSSARY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT NETWORKS, INITIATIVES AND PLATFORMS ������ 58 Waste & circular economy Buildings & Habitat METHODOLOGY OF THE TERRITORY EMISSIONS INVENTORIES�������������������������������� 60 Forests Food & agriculture Mobility Adaptation Education & awareness Decentralised cooperation CLIMATE CHANCE - 2019 SYNTHESIS REPORT - GLOBAL OBSERVATORY ON NON-STATE CLIMATE ACTION •3 PRÉSENTATION Climate Chance Association Since 2015, the Climate Chance Association is participating in the mobili- zation against climate change. It is the only international organisation that aims to bring together all the non-state actors recognized by the UN (the 9 groups of actors: lo-cal authorities, companies, NGOs, trade unions, scientific community, agricultural, youth, indigenous peoples and women organisations), to develop common priorities and proposals and to strengthen stakeholders dynamics through networking (thematic coalitions, summits, ac-tion portal). The Observatory and the Sector-Based Book In order to strengthen the action of non-state actors and give credibility to climate stabilisation scenarios, the Climate Chance Association launched in 2018 a Global Observatory of Non-State Climate Action, which aims to explain the evolution of greenhouse gas emissions, by crossing national public policies, with sectoral dynamics, strategies of private actors, local public policies, and all the actions undertaken by non-state actors at the local level. In this book, we synthesize the elements of evaluation and assessment from members of the main local and subnational networks engaged in figh- ting climate change (Section I), we propose 13 new case studies of cities and regions analyzing the alignment of their local public policies (Section II), and finally we offer an illustrative and interactive global overview of local public policies led in 2019 through 80 short illustrations (Section III). The Climate Chance Association and its Observatory are supported by •4 SYNTHESIS REPORT ON CLIMATE ACTION BY LOCAL AND SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS INTRODUCTION • Global trends & context 2019 • CLIMATE CHANCE - 2019 SYNTHESIS REPORT - GLOBAL OBSERVATORY ON NON-STATE CLIMATE ACTION •5 Local and subnational governments have The growing amounts demonstrated in 2019 an of research and studies escalation of political and related to urban and technical contributions climate issues, as well to the global efforts in as the multiplication of the fight against climate grassroots movements, change. contribute to bringing Over 1,180 local governments, represen- climate issues into ting 290 million inhabitants, have recognised, acknowledged or declared a “climate emergency” communities and local by way of a formal binding resolution (CEDEMIA, political affairs. 2019), including 467 Quebecois cities, major cities such as Sydney, Dublin, Paris, Milan, Praha, etc. By 2050, 77% of cities are highly likely to expe- German cities addressed an open letter to the rience the temperature and rainfall patterns now Chancellor, Angela Merkel, to seek support from associated with equatorial regions and 22% are the State to implement measures required by the projected to suffer conditions never seen before “climate emergency” (ICLEI, 2019). In addition, 16% in any city on Earth (Bastin, F et al., 2019). Thus, of the global GDP is covered by net zero emissions Madrid’s climate could resemble Marrakech’s targets set by nations, regions and cities (Energy climate today, Stockholm will resemble Budapest, and Climate Intelligence Unit - ECIU). In Europe, etc. Despite the political leadership of the Global mayors from 210 cities, representing 62 million North cities to pursuit the transition, the dis- EU citizens, have issued in May 2019 an open ruption of basic social and economic activities letter calling for the European Council to commit will have the most extreme consequences for to a new long-term climate strategy including a large share of the population in the Global the achievement of net-zero emissions by 2050 South (IPCC, 2018). In parallel, populations are (which EU leaders failed to adopt in June), and raising their concern across the globe and have the end of fossil fuel subsidies (CitiesToday, 2019). pressured national and local governments to take bold action, from mere demonstrations to civil disobedience. Grassroot movements, like Fridays for Future (schools strike movement) or wider movements such as Sunrise Movement or Extinction Rebellion, now count groups on every continent, making climate change one of the main thrusts of election campaigns. •6 SYNTHESIS REPORT ON CLIMATE ACTION BY LOCAL AND SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS Subnational governments’ (USD 34 billion), it points out that currently, only leadership is driven by 2 countries out of 5 have a national strategy for cities, and only 7 countries have both National the increasingly apparent Urban Policies and NDCs that include mitigation interstice between the actions in cities. climate (mitigation Rather than “bridging the gap”, the ability of and adaptation) and local governments to implement low-carbon and resilient development needs to be more deeply development agendas integrated into multi-level climate governance within urban areas. (H. Fuhr, T. Hickmann, K. Kern, 2018). It means, concretely, integrating their climate planning The importance of a human scale-based process in higher level of government’s ones, and urban planning is illustrated by several pieces for national and intermediary authorities to show of data: 70% of the global population is expec- concrete policy, technical and financial supports ted to be living in urban areas by 2050 (World towards local and subnational governments. Bank, 2019); cities account for 70% of the global CO emissions (C40); 90% of people worldwide 2 However, cities’ and breathe polluted air (WHO, 2018); and 1 billion people live in slum conditions (UN-Habitat), etc. regions’ climate action can be hindered by The trajectory of 3 major trends needs to change significantly in urban areas to reach inconsistent internal the targets outlined in the Paris Agreement, positions or by local Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda (fig. 1): contain urban sprawl, actors. secure decent housing for slum dwellers and reduce carbon emissions to net zero. NGOs remind us that “too often, we’ve seen cities declare an emergency and then back cli- Many studies thus place mate-wrecking policies like airport expansion” (SmartCities World, 2019). City efforts can be cities at the core of opposed by actors such as the Canadian Plastic