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Segments March 2017 Scientific Expedition Group Inc. Patron The Scientific Expedition Group is a not-for profit His Excellency the Honourable Hieu van Le AO organisation which began in 1984. SEG undertakes several Governor of South Australia. expeditions each year to record scientific information on wildlife and the environment in many parts of South SEG Executive Australia. President Dr. Richard L Willing A major expedition to conduct a biodiversity survey Chairman Dr. Robert Sharrad, AM occurs each year over two weeks. Scientific experts lead Vice Chairman Stuart Pillman volunteers in surveying mammals, reptiles, invertebrates, Secretary Sarah Telfer vegetation, birds and physical geography. The data collected Treasurer Graeme Oats on each survey are archived with the relevant State scientific institutions to ensure they are available to anyone interested SEG Committee in our State’s environment. Duncan MacKenzie, OAM In addition to the major expedition, a number of trips Chris Wright, OAM for the Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges Scientific Project are Dr. Greg Johnston organised annually. A long term study of rainfall on the Trent Porter ranges and of water flow in arid-zone creeks is undertaken. Andrew Barr All data are supplied to the Department of Environment Helen Johnson Water and Natural Resources and to the Bureau of John Love Meteorology and are available for analysis. Jill Tugwell SEG conducts four-day biodiversity surveys at eight different sites each autumn and spring in the Heritage Area Vulkathunha Gammon Ranges Scientific of scrub on “Minnawarra” farm near Myponga. Data Project collected are entered into the Biological Data Base of SA. SEG Chris Wright also conducts annual mallee-fowl monitoring over a Minnawarra Biodiversity Project weekend in the Murraylands. Janet Furler Mallee Fowl Project ISSN 0816 6463 Stuart Pillman SEGments is the authorised journal publication of the Scientific Expedition Group Inc., PO. Box 501, Unley SA 5061. SEGments Editors It is published four times a year to promote articles about Helen Johnson biodiversity, scientific exploration and ecological research. Alun Thomas Copyright 2017, Scientific Expedition Group Inc. Permission SEG Website will be considered for non-profit photocopying of material Michelle Trethewey for personal use and teaching purposes. Written permission Garry Trethewey must be obtained from the Secretary of SEG. SEG Administrative Officer Contacts: Alun Thomas SEG Secretary: Sarah Telfer Email: [email protected] PO. Box 501, Unley SA 5061 Email: [email protected] SEG Treasurer Graeme Oats SEG email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] SEG website Http://www.communitywebs.org/ Cover Photo: Fairy Tern at the Coorong with a ScientificExpeditionGroup smallmouth hardyhead. Photograph Mark Ziembicki SEGments Volume 32 Number 4 March 2017 CONTENTS partnerships, and is a well-known and respected institution in the halls and corridors of the SA Museum, parts of the huge DEWNR Will the Fairy Tale End Happily Ever After? organisation, Nature Foundation SA, Conservation Council of SA, Fiona Paton Page 2 the SA Herpetology Group, Bureau of Meteorology and the Royal Geographical Society of SA. Survey Report: Witchelina Expedition II SEG has through its program of annual bio-surveys formed lasting partnerships with field scientists who have given freely of their Darren Niejalke Page 5 time. In recent years SEG has successfully partnered with the Nature Foundation of SA (NFSA) conducting bio surveys on Abundance of Antechinus flavipes - properties owned by them at Hiltaba and Witchelina. Minnawarra Biodiversity Survey SEG has also formed partnerships with the owners of private Kalki Gagliardi Page 8 conservation and wilderness parks conducting bio-surveys at Gluepot Reserve (Birdlife Australia - 2000), Boolcoomatta Reserve TERN AusPlots – 2016 Field Season in WA (Bush Heritage Australia - 2006), Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary and NT (2009 and 2011), Warraweena Conservation Park (Wetlands and Wildlife - 1999) and Watervalley Wetlands (Wetlands & Wildlife - Christina Macdonald Page 9 2013). In 1994 SEG formed and registered a Deductible Gift Fund namely, Vale Colin Beer Scientific Expedition Foundation (SEF) through the Federal Richard Willing and Jenny Neill Page 11 Government Department for the Environment & Energy and the office of Register of Environmental Organisations. Since that time many SEG members have given generously including a bequest SEGments Contents - 2012 to 2016 from the Estate of C. W. Bonython. Page 12 The Trustees of SEF (Prof. Chris Daniels, Prof. Rob Morrison AOM, Dr. Bob Sharrad AM, Dr. Richard Willing and I) agreed last October Minnawarra Biodiversity Survey Page 16 to fund a $1,500.00 annual scholarship to an Honours Student in conjunction with the Nature Foundation SA. Three of those GUEST EDITORIAL Trustees are either currently or formerly Councillors of the NFSA, Editor, Helen Johnson, asked if I would write an editorial highlighting the principle of developing lasting partnerships. for SEGments. That was some months ago and after SEG is very well placed to continue well into the 21st century having “getting over” the initial shock I began to think about a established these lasting partnerships and will continue to go from topical topic. One of today’s buzz words is strength to strength doing what “Partnerships”. it does best, bringing like- As you may have read many times SEG began in August minded people together and 1984 when two notable gentlemen, C. Warren working side by side for the Bonython AO and Dr Richard. L. Willing, fresh from the betterment of the environment success of an expedition to Coffin Bay with the of our diverse habitats. Australian and New Zealand Scientific Exploration Graeme Oats Society, known as ANZSES, decided to “go it alone” here SEG Treasurer in SA. From those humble beginnings SEG has grown to become a much respected organisation, albeit not that E: [email protected] widely known in the larger community. Over the last 33 years SEG has formed many 1 WILL THE FAIRY TALE END HAPPILY EVER AFTER? Fiona Paton Adult Fairy Terns at a breeding colony, January 2017. Note that two of the birds are colour banded, so that they can be identified as individual birds without recapturing them, as no two colour band combinations are the same. Photograph: Tom Hunt Preamble Union for Conservation of Nature. Threats in the Coorong include predation of nests and nesting birds by foxes, Once upon a time, when more water flowed down the Mighty disturbance by humans, dogs and vehicles (particularly near Murray transforming dry plains into resplendent wetlands, the Murray Mouth), and mismanagement of water levels in there were a great many birds that called the Coorong their the Coorong, which is a very shallow lagoon. home. In the summertime, the sunny skies would be darkened by waders, as thousands upon thousands of stints and The Fairy Tern is charismatic, with a white body, silver wings, a sandpipers flew in for the summer, fervently foraging on black head and striking orange legs and beak. They feed on the glistening mudflats abounding with food. The ducks and swans smallmouth hardyhead (Atherinosoma microstoma), a fish that dined out on plants that flourished, and the pelicans and terns is found in the Coorong, by plunging into shallow water from gorged on a bounty of fish, easily feeding their earnestly- heights of up to five metres. Fairy Terns form breeding growing chicks. The majestic Coorong was healthy and the colonies in the Coorong over summer, predominantly on birds welcomed each dawn with an eager flap of their wings, islands in the South Lagoon, where they create shallow dancing in the shallows and basking in the sun as they went scrapes amongst the sand and shell fragments, in which they about their daily business. hide their cryptic, speckled eggs. However, there came a time when the Murray was not so mighty and the water stopped flowing, the plants stopped flourishing, the fish were not aplenty, and there were fewer and fewer birds. So much so, that the majestic Coorong was very sick, and no-one knew if she would ever get better. Fairy Terns This is a tale of the Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis nereis), just one of the birds that depends on a healthy Coorong, a wetland of international importance, located at the end of the River Murray. The Fairy Tern is Endangered under the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, and listed as Vulnerable under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and by the International A Fairy Tern egg and recently-hatched chick in a nest scrape, January 2017. Photograph: Tom Hunt 2 birds), although a waterbird census of the Coorong in January 2017 showed a decline from previous years, with only 361 Fairy Terns observed. Eighty-five of these 361 birds were immatures (believed to be recruits from the summer 2015-16 breeding attempts), and about 1 year old (Fairy Terns first breed when 2 years old). Such a large cohort of immature birds is promising, particularly because mark-recapture models developed in 2015 indicated that juvenile survival rates were declining. However, it is concerning that adult abundances have decreased considerably this year. Changes in Breeding in the Coorong In addition to an annual census of the Fairy Tern population in the Coorong, a long-term banding program of Fairy Terns at their breeding colonies in the Coorong has been implemented since the late 1990s. This includes banding chicks and adults with a band that has a unique eight-digit number, and, for adults, with three colourbands as well. The colourband Can you spot the Fairy Tern eggs in these four photos? Their combinations are also unique, so that adults can be cryptic nature amongst the sandy shell grit serves to protect individually identified at a later date without having to them from predation. Photograph: Tom Hunt recapture them. Colourbanding also results in informed members of the community reporting sightings of Fairy Terns, Changes in Abundances in the Coorong adding to our understanding of their movements throughout Some thirty years ago, there were over 1300 Fairy Terns in the the year.
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